英语语法：复合句一

复合句（一）

分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。复合句一直是四级考试的测试重点，重要考查复合句中关联词的使用。

一．名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，相当于名词。

I．主语从句：

1．that引导，常用it作形式主语。eg.

That he survived the accident is a miracle. (It is a miracle that he survived the accident.)

四种句式：1）It is + n. + that… eg. It’s a great pity that you can’t help us.

2) It is + adj. +that… eg. It is surprising that she is (should be) so angry.

3) It is +过去分词+ that…eg. It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.

但：这种句式中必须使用it作形式主语，主语从句不能提前。

4) It + 不及物动词 + that… eg. It occurred to me that I would travel to Europe.

2．Wh-（疑问词）引导：what, -ever引导的从句一般不能用it作形式主语，其他的可以。 eg.

How he escaped still puzzles us. (+It still puzzles us how he escaped.)

Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. (=It is yet clear who was responsible …)

Whether (不能用if) he comes or not does not concern me. (=It doesn’t concern me whether …)

但：What is most important in life isn’t money. Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket free.

Has it been decided where we will perform the experiment? (主语从句是疑问句时必须用形式主语)

It doesn’t matter to me whether she is pleased or not. （It doesn’t matter 句式中必须用形式主语）

II．宾语从句：

1．that引导。 eg. They promised (us) that they would respect our privacy.但：I move that a special committee (should) be formed for this matter. (谓语表主观愿望，从句用虚拟语气)

I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed. （宾语后带补语，一般用it作形式宾语）

She took it for granted that you knew the matter. (固定搭配中使用形式宾语)

注：doubt, doubtful引导从句时，如果主句为肯定句，连接词用whether/ if；否定或疑问，则用that连接。

I don’t doubt that he will pass the examination. I am doubtful whether I should tell the story to her.

2．wh-引导：从句看似疑问，但不用倒装语序，且连接词在从句主语之前；从句可用在介词后。eg.

Scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong. I became aware of how he might feel.

I will tell you why I was late for the meeting. Do you know whether/ if any decision had been arrived at?

但：It is a question of whether we should go. (介词后只能用whether, 不能用if)

3．介词引导：in, except, save, besides, but接that构成固定搭配；介词接形式宾语it后可带一般从句。eg.

I like this city in that (=because) I have many friends here. He would have

helped us but that he was short of money at the time. You may depend upon it that he will join our club.

4．形容词（作表语）带从句。 eg. He was afraid that he would lose face. III．表语从句：必须使用在连系动词后，可用that或wh-（不表疑问，而是表示地点、时间、原因、方式等）。 eg. What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring.

This is where the great man once lived. She is no longer what she was five years ago.

as if, as though, because, just as 也可引导表语从句 eg. It looks as if we will be late.

It may be because I didn’t have a good sleep yesterday evening.

注意：The reason why he was dismissed was that (不能用because) he was careless and irresponsible.

His first question was whether (不能用if) Tom had arrived yet.

IV．同位语从句：对名词做进一步解释，具体说明名词的实际内容。1．that引导，作fact, idea, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, understanding等的同位语。eg.

He had to face the fact that he was laid off his job. An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air.

2．wh-引导。eg. The question why should do the work requires consideration.

They are faced with the problem whether (不能用if) they should continue