语言学第三章练习 2

Chapter 3：From Morpheme to Phrase 形态学

I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:

1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words a re formed.

2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.

3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.

4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free m orphemes.

5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.

6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categ ories such as number, tense, degree, and case.

7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, whi ch can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.

8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning o

f it.

9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to for m a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acc eptable words.

10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.

II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:

11. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

12. The affix “-ish”in the word boyish conveys a grammatical meaning.

13. Bound morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be co mbined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and derivative affixes.

15. Derivative affixes are added to an existing form to create words.

16. A suffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original wor

d and it may cas

e change its part o

f speech.

17. Compounding is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to cr eate new words.

18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a

new word are called morphological rules.

19. In terms of morphemic analysis, derivation can be viewed as the addition of affix es to stems to form new words.

20. A stem can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which

a derivational affix can be added.

III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can be st complete the statement:

21. The morpheme “vision”in the common word “television”is a(n) ______.

A. bound morpheme

B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free morpheme

22. The compound word “bookstore”is the place where books are sold. This indica tes that the meaning of a compound ______.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes

C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.

D. None of the above.

23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of spee ch of _______.

A. the first element

B. the second element

C. either the first or the second element

D. both the first and the second elements.

24. _______ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined wi th other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

A. Free morphemes

B. Bound morphemes

C. Bound words

D. Words

25. _____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and t he rules by which words are formed.

A. Syntax

B.Grammar

C. Morphology

D. Morpheme

26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.

A. lexical

B. morphemic

C. grammatical

D. semantic

27. Bound morphemes are those that ___________.

A. have to be used independently

B. can not be combined with other morphemes

C. can either be free or bound

D. have to be combined with other morphemes.