chapter3 翻译过程分解
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表达是翻译过程中的第二步，是成功实 现由英语转换为汉语的关键。
Eg. Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
(Which translation is better?) a. 读书只能为智慧供给心灵以知识的材料，思想才
Revision
直译 be armed to teeth crocodile tears chain reaction
武装到牙齿
鳄鱼的眼泪
连锁反应
意译 Adam’s apple at sixes and sevens
喉结
乱七八糟
Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早 不必自寻烦恼
能把我们所读的东西变成自己的东西。 b. 读书只能为头脑提供知识性资料，思考才能把所
读东西变为己有。
★表达就是译者把自己从原文所理解的内容用本民族 语重新表达（述）出来。
★表达的好坏主要取决于四个方面：一是对原文理解 的深度；二是翻译者自身的语言修养程度；三是 译者对原语和译入语所在的两种文化、历史、风 土人情等的正确掌握；四是译者需要真正摆脱原 文的束缚，遣词造句尽量贴近原文，同时还要按 译入语习惯来表达原语的内容。
Cultural Background of “eats no fish” and “plays the game”.
To eat no fish: （Idiom），指英国伊丽莎 白女王时代，耶酥教徒为了表示对政府忠诚， 拒绝遵守政府的罗马天主教徒在星期五只吃 鱼的习俗。因此 “to……” 表示“忠诚”的 意思。
需进一步深化，从而可以对译文继续修改、润色，直到
译文准确流畅为止；最后，还要注意是否有汉语错别字。
通过反复阅读汉语译文，仔细比对英语，在确信没有任
何问题之后，方才完成整个翻译的过程，实现成功翻译。
1. Job-hunting has failed again and again, it has made me upset. 2. The fist of these is the application of the machines, products and systems
Homework
• All my life, it seems, folks have been telling me what I can’t do. In school, my learning disability kept me from picking up things as quickly as the other student. On the playground , I was the biggest, slowest kid . No one thought I could ever be an athlete---except for my mum and dad, who were always telling me that with prayer and persistence I could find the strength to do anything.
他没和她结婚是因为他爱她。 他和她结婚不是因为他爱她。 走亲戚非常烦人。 来拜访的亲戚非常烦人。
•c. 社会文化背景 eg. Tom is a bull in a china shop.
汤姆是个爱闯祸的人。
John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
shining like gold. • The box is too heavy for me to carry. • She is a stone. • The whole village came out to welcome the singers.
•b. 语境 • eg. He didn’t marry her because he loved her. • Visiting relatives can be very boring.
Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌
It rains cats and dogs 大雨滂沱
比较 Valuable left in full view can be invitation to theft. 把贵重物品放在显眼处等于是给小偷发请帖。 应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。
Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都既有玫瑰又有荆棘。 生活总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。
Course of Translation 翻译过程
一、理解阶段Understanding
• 正确认识和把握原文的思想内容，作者的态度，感情和写 作风格等。
• a.理解语义
eg. The medicinal herb helps a cough. • I’ve found a seat for you. • He seated himself in the chair. • In the sunbeam passing through the window are fine grains of dust
三、校核阶段 （Correctness）
★ 校核是理解与表达的进一步深化，是对原文内容进
一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的过程。
★
校对可以通过比较对照英语原文和汉语译文来
实现。其主要目的在于：首先，检查汉语译文是否存在
漏译、误译或者扭曲原文意义的现象；其次，检查汉语
译文是否“准确、通顺和完整”，检查理解与表达是否
To play the game 和 to play fair（规规 矩矩地比赛）同文。因此转义为“公平对 待”，“举止光明正大”，“为人正直”等。
John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
译：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。
二、表达阶段 (Eห้องสมุดไป่ตู้pression)
of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. 3. Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength. 4. I received her letter with both surprise and excitement. 5. Very straightforward by nature, Mrs. Franck believes in speaking her mind.
Eg. Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
(Which translation is better?) a. 读书只能为智慧供给心灵以知识的材料，思想才
Revision
直译 be armed to teeth crocodile tears chain reaction
武装到牙齿
鳄鱼的眼泪
连锁反应
意译 Adam’s apple at sixes and sevens
喉结
乱七八糟
Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早 不必自寻烦恼
能把我们所读的东西变成自己的东西。 b. 读书只能为头脑提供知识性资料，思考才能把所
读东西变为己有。
★表达就是译者把自己从原文所理解的内容用本民族 语重新表达（述）出来。
★表达的好坏主要取决于四个方面：一是对原文理解 的深度；二是翻译者自身的语言修养程度；三是 译者对原语和译入语所在的两种文化、历史、风 土人情等的正确掌握；四是译者需要真正摆脱原 文的束缚，遣词造句尽量贴近原文，同时还要按 译入语习惯来表达原语的内容。
Cultural Background of “eats no fish” and “plays the game”.
To eat no fish: （Idiom），指英国伊丽莎 白女王时代，耶酥教徒为了表示对政府忠诚， 拒绝遵守政府的罗马天主教徒在星期五只吃 鱼的习俗。因此 “to……” 表示“忠诚”的 意思。
需进一步深化，从而可以对译文继续修改、润色，直到
译文准确流畅为止；最后，还要注意是否有汉语错别字。
通过反复阅读汉语译文，仔细比对英语，在确信没有任
何问题之后，方才完成整个翻译的过程，实现成功翻译。
1. Job-hunting has failed again and again, it has made me upset. 2. The fist of these is the application of the machines, products and systems
Homework
• All my life, it seems, folks have been telling me what I can’t do. In school, my learning disability kept me from picking up things as quickly as the other student. On the playground , I was the biggest, slowest kid . No one thought I could ever be an athlete---except for my mum and dad, who were always telling me that with prayer and persistence I could find the strength to do anything.
他没和她结婚是因为他爱她。 他和她结婚不是因为他爱她。 走亲戚非常烦人。 来拜访的亲戚非常烦人。
•c. 社会文化背景 eg. Tom is a bull in a china shop.
汤姆是个爱闯祸的人。
John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
shining like gold. • The box is too heavy for me to carry. • She is a stone. • The whole village came out to welcome the singers.
•b. 语境 • eg. He didn’t marry her because he loved her. • Visiting relatives can be very boring.
Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌
It rains cats and dogs 大雨滂沱
比较 Valuable left in full view can be invitation to theft. 把贵重物品放在显眼处等于是给小偷发请帖。 应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。
Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都既有玫瑰又有荆棘。 生活总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。
Course of Translation 翻译过程
一、理解阶段Understanding
• 正确认识和把握原文的思想内容，作者的态度，感情和写 作风格等。
• a.理解语义
eg. The medicinal herb helps a cough. • I’ve found a seat for you. • He seated himself in the chair. • In the sunbeam passing through the window are fine grains of dust
三、校核阶段 （Correctness）
★ 校核是理解与表达的进一步深化，是对原文内容进
一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的过程。
★
校对可以通过比较对照英语原文和汉语译文来
实现。其主要目的在于：首先，检查汉语译文是否存在
漏译、误译或者扭曲原文意义的现象；其次，检查汉语
译文是否“准确、通顺和完整”，检查理解与表达是否
To play the game 和 to play fair（规规 矩矩地比赛）同文。因此转义为“公平对 待”，“举止光明正大”，“为人正直”等。
John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
译：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。
二、表达阶段 (Eห้องสมุดไป่ตู้pression)
of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. 3. Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength. 4. I received her letter with both surprise and excitement. 5. Very straightforward by nature, Mrs. Franck believes in speaking her mind.