学术英语(社科)Unit 9
学术英语(社科)Unit1-8 Text A译文
学术英语课文翻译Unit1人们如何做出决策理性的人认为在保证金1.经济学家通常假设人是理性的。
理性的人们系统地,有目的地做最好的,他们可以实现他们的目标,考虑到可用的机会。
当你学习经济学,你会遇到公司决定雇佣多少工人,有多少他们的产品生产和销售利润最大化。
你也会遇到那些决定花多少时间工作和买什么商品和服务产生的收入来实现最高水平的满意度。
2.理性的人知道生活中的决策很少是黑白的，但通常是灰色的。
在吃饭的时候，你面对的不是空腹或是像猪一样进食，而是吃额外的一匙土豆泥。
当考试开始时，你的决定不是介于两者之间，而是让他们减少或学习一天24小时，而不是花更多的时间复习笔记而不是看电视。
经济学家用“边际变化”这个术语来描述对现有的行动计划的调整。
请记住，边际意味着“边缘如此边缘的变化是在你正在做的边缘周围的调整”。
理性的人往往通过比较边际收益和边际成本来做出决定。
3.例如，考虑一家航空公司决定向待机乘客收取多少费用。
假设撒德躺在横跨美国的200座飞机上，航空公司损失100,000英镑。
在这种情况下，每个座位的平均成本是1,000美元/ 200美元，这是500美元。
有人可能会得出这样的结论：航空公司不应该售出票价低于500美元的机票。
事实上，一家理性的航空公司通常可以通过考虑利润率来提高利润。
想象一下，一架飞机即将起飞，有10个空座位，候机旅客在门口等候，将支付300美元的座位。
航空公司应该把票卖掉吗？当然应该。
如果飞机有空座位，增加一个乘客的成本很小。
乘飞机的平均成本是S500，边际成本仅仅是额外的乘客将消耗的花生袋和苏打水的成本。
只要备用乘客支付超过边际成本，售票是有利可图的。
4.边际决策有助于解释一些令人费解的经济现象。
这里有一个经典的问题：为什么水这么便宜，而钻石这么贵？人类需要水来生存，而钻石是不必要的；但出于某种原因，人们愿意付出更多的钻石比一杯水。
原因是一个人愿意支付任何好处是基于一个额外单位的好处会产生边际效益。
学术英语(第二版)综合教学课件U9
would one day come to reality? Why or why not?
Reference answers
• I think it’s a likely scenario although it depends on how we design and control technology. Artificial intelligence has been facilitating our daily life in a good way, from self-driving cars to digital personal assistants. So far, it has been beneficial and under control, and the world depicted in The Matrix seems unlikely to come to reality. But artificial intelligence is advancing at a rapid
Contents
• Reading • Viewing • Speaking • Writing
Reading
• Text A • Text B
Reading Mind
Text A
• Lead-in task • While reading • After reading tasks
Text A Lead-in task
Critical thinking
Reference answers
• So if we are not careful, we might be creating a monster that could turn into our master. Whether the world depicted in The Matrix would one day come to reality is still hanging in the air. What we can do now is to improve the chances of reaping the benefits and avoiding the risks by conducting more research into where artificial intelligence could lead.
最新学术英语综合Unit9-译文
第九单元医学Text A谁还需要医生？在变化的时代洪流中与时俱进费格斯•沙纳汉所有的一切都早经由前人说过，但是没有人听，于是我们不得不总是返回起点，从头开始。
——安德烈•纪德通常情况下，医生大都具备适应变化的能力。
但随着变化的脚步逐渐加快，他们会不断面临挑战，所担任的角色也会遭到不少质疑。
尽管医学界在医药方面已经取得了不少成就，但是现代社会对医疗职业却存有的越来越多的疑问；尽管与之前相比，人们变得越来越健康，但是健康仍旧是人们所关注的热门话题。
因此，随着人们对医疗职业的职业满意度越来越低，替代医学逐渐兴起。
美国的新闻杂志借由其封面大声喊出，“谁还需要医生啊？”，而很多医学杂志的评论标题也充斥着负面的情绪：“不高兴的医生”；“现代医学一成不变”；“医学作为一种艺术的失败”；以及“医生会有未来吗？”而这种情绪也在皇家医师学会的报道中有所体现，他们报道的对象正是在变化大潮中不断变化的医生角色。
报道中出现了一些对医生不利的词语与表达：“医疗职业……处于劣势”；“心神不安”；“很多医生看起来都不快乐”；“医生……过时了”以及“医生的角色需要清晰的解释”。
因此，人们呼吁医生们在塑造未来的过程中能够担当起更加积极的角色。
对医疗行业来说，明智之举就是培养更多的领导能力，重点关注如何能使人们保持健康的状态，以巩固医疗行业对社会福利的影响。
但是目前，医疗行业存在的最大挑战将会是在“伙伴关系”方面，也就是医生和病人之间的关系——医患关系。
十多年前有社论观点做出预测称，正是超级专业化，分子医学以及冠以“循证”的一切这些因素促进了医疗行业的变化，而最彻底的变化是在医患关系方面。
这种关系错综复杂，容易受到社会潮流的影响。
而过去的分析倾向于侧重医生们如何确诊疾病，而当前难以捉摸的诊断已经很少见了。
而对于病人来说，医患关系的好坏结果也取决于医生的职业福利，因此这方面需要获得人们的关注。
随着世界变化日新月异，人们的职业也应在变化的大潮中面对挑战，做出相应的回应，所以医生个人需要与时俱进，并且要思考如何能够信心十足地面对挑战，并且享受挑战。
学术英语(人文)Unit 9
Unit 9 Modern Philosophy
• Text A The Rise of Modern Philosophy
– Classroom activities – Supplementary information
Unit 9 Modern Philosophy
Text A
Classroom activities
Unit 9 Modern Philosophy
Text A
Supplementary informrn Philosophy
Work in pairs to compare your answers to the questions in Task 2 / Critical Reading and Thinking / Text A. P179
Unit 9 Modern Philosophy
学术英语 人文
Academic English
学术英语社科翻译第九单元3,4段
学术英语社科翻译第九单元3,4段Unit 9 第三段：Before looking further at the evidence of cultural amalgamation,one caution is in order.在进一步看文化融合的证据之前，有一点要引起注意。
You will see that a great of what is becoming world culture is western,especially American,in its origins.你会发现西方文化很大一部分成为了世界文化，尤其是美国，是它的起源。
That does not imply that Western culture is superior,its impact is a function of the ecnomic and political strength of Western Europe and the United states.这并不意味着西方文化优越，它的影响是西欧和美国的经济和政治实力的作用结果。
Nor does the preponderance of Western culture in the intergration process mean that the flow is one way.这也不是说，在融合过程中，西方文化的优势意味着流动是单向的。
American culture ,for example,is influenced by many forgein imports,ranging from fajitas and sushi,through soccer,to acupunture.例如，美国文化，被很多国外进口的影响，从吉它和寿司，从足球到针灸。
第四段：One of the most important aspects of converging culture is English,whichis becoming the common lauguage of business , diplomacy, communications, and even culture.文化融合一个最重要的方面是英语，它正在成为商业，外交，通信，甚至文化的共同语言。
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译1. Unit 1Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything.For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibilities for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buystock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors control corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.2. Unit 2In the past three week I have introduced you to the ideas and methods of economics.In the next week, we will start learning more, in more detail the principles of economic behavior and economic policy.As you proceed through the whole semester, you will be asked to draw on many of your intellectual skills.在过去的三周里，我向你介绍了经济学的思想和方法。
学术英语(第二版)医学教学课件Unit 9
Lead-in
Key:
A good physician is usually • motivated, mature, compassionate,
organized, adaptable, stress-resilient; • with high level of integrity and strong
on several occasions
the medical education community
医学教育界
Para. 1 Language focus
medical school _c_u_rr_ic_u_l_u_m_（医学院课程） medical education _c_o_m_m__u_n_ity_（医学教育界）
Unit 9
Medical Education
Contents
• Reading • Viewing • Speaking • Writing • Get ready for Unit 10
Reading
Text A
• Lead-in • Main idea • Language focus • Tasks
… it is not possible to define what it means to be a physician by identifying a body of knowledge and a set of skills that all physicians must possess.
Para. 5
Main idea The goals of medicine: Hastings Center’s project
学术英语社科类unit9原文及翻译
Cultural Globalization1.Much of the early development of different languages, customs, and other diverse aspects world cultures resulted from the isolation of groups of people from one another. It is not surprising , then, that a degree of cultural amalgamation has occurred as improved transportation and communication have brought people of various societies into ever more frequent contact . Analyzing the blurring of cultural differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food, basketball, rock music, and other such aspects of pop culture, but such analysis does not trivialize the subject,. Instead , a long standing bottom up line of political theory argues that the world`s people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation. By the same process, if transnational civil societies develop, then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state. Scholars who examine the bottom-up process of transnational integration look for evidence in such factors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries and the spread across borders of what people wear, eat, and do for recreation.1、不同语言、风俗习惯以及其他不同的文化背景下，世界文化的早期发展，是从彼此分离的人群中产生的。
学术英语医学Unit,,,课文翻译
学术英语unit1,unit3,unit4,unit9课文翻译Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 9 referencing
Unit 9 ReferencingObjectives- Know significance of referencing- Understand different styles of referencingContents- Reading and discussion: Science and MLA reference styles?- Language focus: information order- Writing practice: Referencing as required.1.Reading ActivityAs a part of an academic community, it is important that you show the reader where you have used someone else’s ideas or words. Failure to properly reference may make the reader think that you are cheating by claiming someone e lse’s work as your own. In the academic environment, we call this plagiarism and it is seen as a very serious offence. Please remember that plagiarism is not just when you directly copy words from another student’s or expert’s work. Plagiarism also occur s when you re-word someone else’s ideas in your own work and you do not give credit to the original source.All of the sources you refer to in the main body of your assignment need to be listed at the end of the assignment in a reference list. You need to list only those sources from which you have either quoted or paraphrased. For example, you do not have to list books you used for background reading purposes.1.1Pre-reading TaskAnswer the following questions:Why do we reference?How do we usually reference?How do we create a reference list?How many referencing styles do you know?1.2Reading PassageScience uses a numbering system for references and notes. This allows explanatory or more detailed notes to be included with the references. Journal names are abbreviated by using common abbreviations to save space.GENERAL NOTESPlace citation numbers for references and notes within parentheses, italicized: (18, 19) (18-20) (18,20-22). Do not use superscript numbers. Citations are numbered sequentially, first in the text, then through the references and notes, then through the figure and table captions, and finally through the supporting online material. The acknowledgments follow as an unnumbered note.Each reference can be listed only once. Separate individual references from other references and from any text notes. (This is a change from our previous style to simplify referencing and facilitate online linking of references.) Each reference should have its own number and not include other text.Any reference to a personal communication should be given a number in the text and placed, in correct sequence, in the references and notes. It must be accompanied by a written letter of permission. At the time of publication, all cited references must be published. Papers that are "in press" can be cited in a submission, but the paper must be available to provide to reviewers, and an accepted paper will be held until all references are published. Data supporting the results or conclusions should be included in the paper or Supporting Online Material or must be archived in an appropriate database a t the time of publication and made available for reviewers.Notes should be used for information aimed at the specialist (e.g., procedures) or to provide definitions or further information to the general reader that are not essential to the data or arguments. Notes can cite other references (by number).Please do not place tables within notes.If you are including materials and methods in supporting online material, please cite this (wherever appropriate) as a single numbered note in the text, in the same fashion as other notes. For the note, use a form such as this: "Information on materials and methods is available on Science Online." (The correct Web address will be appended by Science staff.) For information on how to reference othersupporting online material in the manuscript text, please see our specific guidelines on this material.There should be one reference list that includes papers cited in the main paper and then papers cited only within the supporting online material. Citations in the supporting online material can cite papers already cited in the main paper by number. We will include the full reference list online.For cited papers that have been published only electronically, please include the DOI.CREATING THE REFERENCE LISTFor journal articles, list initials first for all authors, separated by a space: A. B. Opus, B. C. Hobbs. Do not use "and". Use et al. (italics) for more than five authors. Titles of cited articles can now be included, with words in lower case except for proper nouns, followed by a period (see samples). Journal titles are in italics; volume numbers follow, in boldface. Do not place a comma before the volume number or before any parentheses. You may give the full inclusive pages of the article. Journal years are in parentheses: (1996). End each listing with a period. Do not use ibid. or op. cit. (these cannot be linked online).For whole books, monographs, memos, or reports, the style for author or editor names is as above; for edited books, insert "Ed.," or "Eds.," before the title. Italicize the book title and use initial caps. After the title, provide (in parentheses) the publisher name, publisher location, edition number (if any), and year. If these are unavailable, or if the work is unpublished, please provide all information needed for a reader to locate the work; this may include a URL or a Web or FTP address. For unpublished proceedings or symposia, supply the title of meeting, location, inclusive dates, and sponsoring organization. There is no need to supply the total page count. If the book is part of a series, indicate this after the title (e.g., vol. 23 of Springer Series in Molecular Biology).For chapters in edited books, the style is as above, except that "in" appears before the title, and the names of the editors appear after the title. After the information in parentheses, provide the complete page number range (or chapter number) of the cited material.For research first published in Science Express, online journals, and preprints available on the Internet, see the examples below. These are considered published work.STYLE EXAMPLESJournals1. N. Tang, On the equilibrium partial pressures of nitric acid and ammonia in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ.14, 819-834 (1980). [one author]2. William R. Harvey, Signe Nedergaard, Sodium-independent active transport of potassium in the isolated midgut of the Cecropia silkworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.51, 731-735 (1964). [two or more authors]Books1. M. Lister, Fundamentals of Operating Systems (Springer-Verlag, New York, ed. 3, 1984), pp. 7-11. [third edition]2. J. B. Carroll, Ed., Language, Thought and Reality, Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1956).Published Online Only1. N. H. Sleep, Stagnant lid convection and carbonate metasomatism of the deep continental lithosphere. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q11010 (2009), doi:10.1029/2009GC002702.Technical reports1. G. B. Shaw, "Practical uses of litmus paper in Möbius strips" (Tech. Rep. CUCS-29-82, Columbia Univ., New York, 1982).Paper presented at a meeting (not published)1. M. Konishi, paper presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Anaheim, CA, 10 October 1984. [sponsoring organization should be mentioned if it is not part of the meeting name]Theses and personal communications1. B. Smith, thesis, Georgetown University (1973).Passage 2：Modern Language Association (MLA) styleThe MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing(2008) is the third edition of The MLA Style Manual, first published by the Modern Language Association of America in 1985. It is an academic style guide widely used in the United States, Canada, and other countries, providing guidelines for writing and documentation of research in the humanities, especially in English studies. The MLA's guidelines are also used by over 1,100 scholarly and literary journals, newsletters, and magazines and by many university and commercial presses, and they are followed throughout North America and in Brazil, China, India, Japan, Taiwan, and other countries around the world.Book with one authorReference: Author last name, First name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication.Example: McDonagh, Sean. Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth. Dublin: Veritas, 2001.In-text citation :(Author Last name page No.)(Page No.)ExampleIn another study (McDonagh 80)….McDonagh has discussed (80)….Book with two or three authorsReference : Author(s) last name, First name and last author’s First name Last name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication.Example: McLean, Bethany and Peter Elkind. The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron. New York: Portfolio, 2004.In-text citation:(Author(s) last name and last author last name page No.)(Page No.)ExampleOthers highlight a different factor (McLean and Elkind 122)….Bethany and McLean (122) highlight….Book with an editorReference: Editor’s last name and first name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication.Example: Booth, David. Ed. Rethinking Social Development: Theory, Research and Practice. Essex: Longman, 1994.In-text citation:(Editor’s last name page No.)(Page No)ExampleAnother approach (Booth 55) shows….Booth (55) argues….Chapter in an edited bookReference: Author(s) last name, First name and last author’s First name Last name. "Title of chapter.” Title of Collection. Ed. Editor(s) First name last name and last editor First name Last name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Page range.Example: Jonson, Ben. "To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author Mr. William Shakespeare." The Norton Anthology of Poetry. Ed. Alexander Allison et al. New York: Norton, 1983. 239-40.In-text citation:(Author(s) Last name page No.)(Page No.)ExampleAnother approach (Jonson 239)….Jonson (239) writes….Print Journal articleReference : Author(s) last name, f irst name and last author’s first name last name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume. Issue (year): pages.Example: Mann, Susan. "Myths of Asian Womanhood." Journal of Asian Studies. 59.1 (2000): 835-62.In-text citation:(Author(s) last name page No.)(Page No.)ExampleAnother author (Mann 850) argues….Mann (850) argues….E-journal articleReference : Author(s) last name, f irst name and last author’s first name last name. "Title of Article." Journal title V olume. Issue (Year): Page numbers. Database. Web. Day Month Year accessed.Example: Faris, Marc. “That Chicago Sound: Playing with (Local) Identity in Underground Rock.” Popular Music & Society 27.4 (2004): 429-454. EBSCOhost. Web. 5 April 2011.In-text citation:(Author(s) Last name page No.)(Page No.)ExampleExploring this topic (Faris 440)….Faris (440) highlights the role….ConferencesReference: Author(s) last name, f irst name and last author’s first name last name. “Title of paper.” Title of conference proceedings. Place of publication: Publisher, Y ear. Pages. Format.Example: O’Connor, John. "Towards a Greener Ireland.” Discovering Our Natural Sustainable Resources: Future Proofing, University College Dublin, 15–16 March 2009. Dublin: Irish Environmental Institute, 2009. 65 – 69. Print.In-text citation: (Author(s) last name)Example: According to another source (O’Connor 68)….ThesesReference: Author Last name, First name. “Title.” Degree statement.Degree-awarding body, Year. Format.Example: Allen, Sean. "The Social and Moral Fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland." PhD thesis. University College Dublin, 2009. Print.In-text citation:(Author Last name page No.)(Page No.)Example:As argued elsewhere (Allen 55)….Allen (55) disagrees with this….1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1 List the differences in book and journal references between Science and MLA style.Science MLABook referenceJournal reference1.3.2 Please identify the sources of the following 10 references.1.N. Tang, On the equilibrium partial pressures of nitric acid and ammonia in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ.14, 819-834 (1980).2.Matarrita-Cascante, David. "Beyond Growth: Reaching Tourism-Led Development." Annals of Tourism Research 37.4 (2010): 1141-63. Print.3. William R. Harvey, Signe Nedergaard, Sodium-independent active transport of potassium in the isolated midgut of the Cecropia silkworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.51, 731-735 (1964).4. J. B. Carroll, Ed., Language, Thought and Reality, Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1956).5. M. Konishi, paper presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Anaheim, CA, 10 October 1984.6. Ahmedi, Fauzia Erfan. "Welcoming Courtyards: Hospitality, Spirituality, and Gender." Feminism and Hospitality: Gender in the Host/Guest Relationship. Ed.Maurice Hamington. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2010. 109-24. Print.7. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print8. Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones, and Donald B. Smith. Destinies: Canadian History since Confederation. Toronto: Harcourt, 2000. Print.9.Ferrer, Ada. "Cuba 1898: Rethinking Race, Nation, and Empire." Radical History Review 73 (1999): 22-49. Print.10. S. F. Cannon, Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period (Dawson, New York, 1978).nguage Focus: Information orderOne of the significant differences between reference styles of different journals is the presentation order of cited work information. The following two exercises are designed to make sure that you know the presentation order of a reference entry of Science and MLA.2.1 Please fill out the blanks of the omitted information of the Science reference entry.1)First author first name ____________, second author __________last name, paper title. ___________.issue , _____________( __________ ).2)_____________ _______________, book name ( _______________, New York, ed. 3, __________), _____________.[third edition]3)______________, thesis, ________________ (________).2.2 Please transform the following information of the cited works into MLA reference entry.1) The article "The Third Man: Pulp Fiction and Art Film." written by Glenn K.S.Man published in Literature Film Quarterly , volume 21 issue 3 in 1993 from page 171to 178 in Print form.2）Ada Ferrer had an article "Cuba 1898: Rethinking Race, Nation, and Empire." published in Radical History Review volume73 in 1999 from page 22 to 49 in paper form.3)Lewis Mumford had The Culture of Cities in New York by Harcourt in 1938 in print form.4)A. H. Buss had the book Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety published in San Francisco by Freeman in 1991 in print form.5) Andrew Piper had“Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and the Book of Everything”published in PMLA volume 121 issue 1 in 2006 p rinted on page 124-38.3.Writing Practice3.1 Please correct the errors in the following references according to Science style. 1) Allen, Sean. "The Social and Moral Fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland." PhD thesis. University College Dublin, 2009. Print._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2) Wang, M. & Koda, K. (2005). Commonalities and differences in word identification skills among English second language learners. Language Learning, 55(1), 73-100._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3) Zeelenberg, R., & Pecher, D. (2003). Evidence for long-term language repetition priming in conceptual implicit memory tasks. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 80–94._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4) von Studnitz, R. E., & Green, D. (2002). Interlingual homograph interference in German-English bilinguals: Its modulation and locus of control. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 51, 1–23._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Please create a reference list of the following work information according to the MLA style.1.The book Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth written by Sean McDonaghpublished in Dublin by Veritas in 2001.2.The book Rethinking Social Development: Theory, Research and Practice edited byDavid Booth in Essex by Longman in 1994.3.The article Myths of Asian Womanhood written by Susan Mann published inV olume 59 issue1 on page 835-62 of Journal of Asian Studies in 2000.4.The conference paper Towards a Greener Ireland written by John O’Connorpublished at the conference Discovering Our Natural Sustainable Resources: Future Proofing, University College Dublin, 15–16 March 2009 in Dublin by Irish Environmental Institute in 2009 on page 65 – 69 in Print format.4.Writing ProjectThe following passage is a part of Introduction of a research article ready to be published in Science. Please revise the in-text reference and reference list according to the Science style.When bilinguals read or listen to words in their second language (L2), information about words in their first language (L1) is also active (e.g., Dijkstra &Van Heuven, 2002; Jared & Kroll, 2001; Marian & Spivey, 2003). From a developmental perspective, finding evidence for language nonselectivity even among highly skilled bilinguals is surprising. One might think that with increasing skill, learners become capable of functioning autonomously in L2 (e.g., Segalowitz & Hulstijn, 2005). However, recent evidence that demonstrates parallel activation of words in both languages during visual and spoken word recognition suggests that acquiring proficiency in L2 does not imply that the individual has acquired the ability to switch off the influence of L1. Furthermore, these cross-language influences are not limited to the effects of L1 on L2. Even when proficient bilinguals process words in their L1 alone—without any reason to believe that L2 is relevant—there are effects of L2 on L1 (e.g., Van Hell & Dijkstra, 2002; Van Wijnendaele & Brysbaert, 2002).Despite the compelling evidence for parallel activation of both languages during lexical access in proficient bilinguals, very little research has addressed the consequences of cross-language activity in less proficient L2 processing. This question is the focus of the work we report here: What lexical information is active in the learner’s L1 during L2 processing? The present study investigates the influence of L1 on L2 during lexical processing in a laboratory setting.References:Dijkstra, A., & Van Heuven, W. J. B. (2002). The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system:From identification to decision+ Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23, 175–197._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Jared, D., & Kroll, J. F. (2001). Do bilinguals activate phonological representations in one or both of their languages when naming words? Journal of Memory and Language, 44, 2–31._____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Marian, V., & Spivey, M. (2003). Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items.Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 173–193._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Segalowitz, N., & Hulstijn, J. H. (2005). Automaticity in bilingualism and second language learning. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. De Groot (Eds)., Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 371–388). Oxford: Oxford University Press._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Van Hell, J. G., & Dijkstra, A. (2002). Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 780–789._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Van Wijnendaele, I., & Brysbaert, M. (2002). Visual word recognition in bilinguals: Phonological priming from the second to the first language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 616–627._____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Final ChecklistThis checklist is for you to make sure that your reference is ready for publication. Tick the item if it is done.。
学术英语写作Unit-9.Discussion
• 8. The writer notes that one of the achievements or contributions of this work is its novelty.
• 9. The writer refines the implications of the results, including possible applications.
• 10 &11. The writer describes the limitations which should direct future research.
• 12. The writer suggests a specific area to be addressed in future work.
13
• 1) Perhaps the damage was caused by heat exposure.
• The damage
.
• (may/might have been caused
by heat exposure)
14
• 2) It’s possible that the damage wasn’t caused by heat exposure.
• When you discuss the results, you should
• (1) focus on the major findings • (2) explain what is new in your
work and why your results are important
11
3
• Naturally, this is the most subjective section of a scientific research article .
学术英语社科类unit9原文及翻译
Cultural Globalization1.Much of the early development of different languages, customs, and other diverse aspects world cultures resulted from the isolation of groups of people from one another. It is not surprising , then, that a degree of cultural amalgamation has occurred as improved transportation and communication have brought people of various societies into ever more frequent contact . Analyzing the blurring of cultural differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food, basketball, rock music, and other such aspects of pop culture, but such analysis does not trivialize the subject,. Instead , a long standing bottom up line of political theory argues that the world`s people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation. By the same process, if transnational civil societies develop, then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state. Scholars who examine the bottom-up process of transnational integration look for evidence in such factors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries and the spread across borders of what people wear, eat, and do for recreation.1、不同语言、风俗习惯以及其他不同的文化背景下，世界文化的早期发展，是从彼此分离的人群中产生的。
学术英语社科Unit9五单元原文及翻译
Unit 9 Cultural globalization1. Much of the early development of different languages, customs, and other diverse aspects of world cultures resulted from the isolation of groups of people from one another. It is not surprising ,then ,that a degree of cultural amalgamation has occurred as improved transportation and communication have brought people of various societies into ever-frequent contact . Analyzing the blurring of culture differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food, basketball , rock music, and other，a such aspects of pop culture , but such analysis dose not trivialize the subject.Instead long-standing bottom-up line of political theory argues that the world’s people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation. By the same process, if transnational civil societies develop, then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state. Scholars who examine the bottom-up progress of transnational integration look for evidence in such factors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries and the spread across borders of what people wear, eat, and do for recreation.不同语言、习惯以及世界文化的其他各个方面的早期发展，源于人类群体之间的隔离。
学术英语(第二版)医学教师用书Unit 9
UNIT 9 Medical EducationTeaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 9, Ss are expected to accomplish the following objectives:Teaching Activities and ResourcesPart 1 ReadingText ALead-inSuggested teaching plan1.To begin with, ask Ss to brainstorm the personal attributes that a qualifiedphysician should possess. In doing so, Ss need not only to write down the words denoting these qualities such as “caring”, “compassionate”, “knowledgeable”, etc., but to provide the reasons as well. When explaining why a particular attribute is essential, Ss may recount the current healthcare situations or their past medical experiences.The following is a list of suggested key words:A good physician is usually•motivated, mature, compassionate, organized, adaptable, stress-resilient;•with high level of integrity and strong leadership;• a good listener and communicator;…2.Make a summary on the discussion and introduce the topic of Text A.Text ComprehensionSuggested teaching plan1.Analyze the text and lead Ss to discuss, integrating Task 2 / Critical reading andthinking / Text A into analysis and discussion. The presentation topics should be assigned to individual Ss for preparation at least one week in advance. Ask other Ss to preview the text with the guidance of the presentation topics.2.Integrate Task 2 / Language building-up / Text A when the signpost language ofreformulation is covered.3.To conclude the discussion of the text, lead Ss to do Task 1 / Critical readingand thinking / Text A, which will enable Ss to not only understand individual words, sentences and paragraphs in the text, but also see its structure clearly.Language focus1.I have suggested on several occasions that in order for the medical educationcommunity to be clear about the kind of changes that are needed, the community needs to define more clearly the purpose of the educational program. (P210, Para. 1)… in order for the medical education community to be clear about … 中可以省略in order。
学术英语课文9翻译
学术英语课文9翻译学术英语课文9翻译学术英语的课文很难翻译吗？小编帮你解决，下面就由小编为大家整理学术英语课文9翻译，欢迎大家查看!Module 9 Cartoon storiesUnit 1 We need someone like Superman who can save Tony.大明：澳，天那！相机在哪里？托尼的爸爸将会说什么？贝蒂：这像一个卡通故事。
玲玲：为什么？贝蒂：我能想象出这个卡通片里的每一幅画面，并且我知道结局会是什么样。
大明：我喜欢许多笑话的卡通片。
玲玲：但这不是可笑的事，这是严肃的。
贝蒂：这不是让你发笑的那些卡通片之一。
大明：并且我喜欢的人物是像潮人或蝙蝠侠那样的英雄。
玲玲：我们需要像超人一样的能救托尼的人……杰克逊先生：你好，我正在寻找托尼。
大明：他在那儿！杰克逊先生：你能告诉他我想和他说几句话吗？我有一部上面有他的名字的相机，它在楼上。
大明：那是好消息。
要我给他吗？杰克逊先生：好吧！给你。
贝蒂：澳，托尼的爸爸正在过去和他说话。
大明：如果托尼告诉他爸爸他把借来的相机弄丢的，他就有烦的。
玲玲：我们怎么能让托尼知道我们已经找到他爸爸的相机的呢？大明：我知道！让我们照张相。
他会看到闪光灯。
贝蒂：那是个聪明的主意！把它给我！玲玲：好，那可能不是很有趣，但或许它会是一部有一个快乐结局的卡通片。
贝蒂：而且我将是超人！Unit 2 There are several fan clubs in china which have held birthday parties for Tintin.尼莫，一条聪明的`橘色与白色相间的鱼和史瑞克，一个巨大的绿色怪物，在中国和全世界年轻人中大受欢迎。
这些受欢迎的卡通英雄到处都是，在办公桌上，手提包上，及电脑屏幕上。
但有一些比较老的受欢迎的卡通片。
卡通片猴王刚过的它的“四十岁生日”。
这部叫《大闹天宫》的卡通片讲述的一个带领一群猴子反对天条的猴子的故事。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
• What is the author’s attitude toward cultural amalgamation (one-world culture)? How do you know?
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Conclusion: There is a distinct and important intermingling and amalgamation of cultures under way. Views on consequences of cultural amalgamation: 1) Welcome it as a positive force that will bring people and political units together. 2) See it as a danger to desirable diversity.
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Unit Contents
Lead-in Text A Text B Text C Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Globalization in Political Science
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Collocations
Do Task 1 on page 182.
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
2) Modern communications are one factor driving the spread of English. e.g. The vast majority of what is available on the Internet has been and remains in English. 3) Business needs also promote the global growth of English.
Evidence of cultural amalgamation: →Chinese tunic suits→ Western-style business suits →More people wear jeans, T-shirts, sneakers. →Young people everywhere listen to the same music. →big Macs, fries, milk shakes, etc.
Unit 9
Globalization in Text A Political Science Suggested answers
Critical reading and thinking
Task 1 Text A discusses cultural globalization — what brings globalization in turn brings about changes in our daily life. Complete the summary of Text A. The results of globalization can be much deeper than amalgamation of culture. Some predict that the differences between people might reduce to such an extent that there is society Moreover, (5) ________ territorial state one global civil (4) ______. might disappear and global (6) _____________________ schemes of governance might form. The real impact of globalization is yet to see. Some argue that it can bring people together while others are diversity worried that it might pose a threat to (7) _______.
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Argument: The world’s people can build on
commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation.
2. Consumer products---another major factor in narrowing cultural gaps e.g. American movies; American style dress
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Unit 9
Hale Waihona Puke Globalization in Political Science
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Cultural amalgamation: a process in which two or more cultures are combined
Do Task 2 on page 183.
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Text A
English language for academic purpose
2
Formal English
Do Task 3 on page 183.
Unit 9
Unit 9
Globalization in Political Science
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Caution: A great deal of what is becoming world culture is Western. Two important aspects of converging culture
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
9
Globalization in Political Science
In Unit 5, globalization is mentioned as a recent trend in the development of culture and is defined from a sociologist’s point of view. Globalization is also the buzzword in political science nowadays. In this unit we are going to see how political scientists define globalization, how their perspective is different from sociologists’, and more importantly, what the difference implies about the way we acquire knowledge.
Globalization in Text A Political Science Suggested answers
Critical reading and thinking
Task 1 Text A discusses cultural globalization — what brings globalization in turn brings about changes in our daily life. Complete the summary of Text A. Globalization has changed the face of our lives. Western, American pop culture such as fast food, NBA, especially (1) __________________ Hollywood films has come to dominate the world. Two obvious factors that have greatly boosted globalization are transportation and (2) _____________ communication . Apart from these two English language and popular consumer goods factors, (3) _______________ have also narrowed the gap between cultures.