物流英语期末复习
物流英语考试复习
物流英语一、单词翻译：Vendor供应商、Exporter出口商、Airline航空公司、Means of transport and route运输方式和路线、Net weight净重、Measurement尺码Goods商品、collect由收件人付款、L/C信用证、manifest载货单、cost-effective 节约成本的、berth 停泊处，锚位、TEU标准箱、lanes线路、logistics物流、Shipper托运人，发货人，货主、Consignee收件人、agent代理商、Vessel船、Container集装箱、Gross weight毛重、quantity数量、Commodity商品，货物、Cargo货物，船货、prepaid预付、Total总数、Consolidation集中托运、B/L海运提单、Contract合同、Letter of credit信用证、Stow堆装，理舱、trim整理、Dunnage衬垫、hatch舱口、demurrage 滞留费、rail铁轨，横栏，栏杆stipulate规定、endorse背书、exempt免税者、claim声称，索赔二、短语翻译1.Signature of authorized signatory授权签约方签名2.Number and kind of description of goods package 商品包装的数量和种类描述3.Country/region of destination 目的地国家或地区4.Final destination 最终目的地5.Original of certificate 原始凭证6.customs invoice 海关发票7.packing list 装箱单8.in words 口头上9.Declared value for carriage 运输声明价值10.agent’s IATA code 代理人国际航空运输代号11.Place and date 地点和日期12.Airport of departure 启运机场13.bill of lading 提货单mercial invoice 商业发票15.weight list 重量单16.Airway bill航运收据17.in figure / in words 小写或大写18.Declared value for customs 海关申报价值19.Said to contain 据称内装20.Marks & numbers 唛头和号码21.on the strength of 基于…22.be liable for有…义务23.in accordance with 与…一致24.insurance premium 保险费25.dead freight 空舱费26.Force majeure 不可抗力27.in apparent good order and condition外表状况良好28.in addition 此外ply with 遵守30.with a view to 考虑到，以…为目的三、电讯翻译1、ORDER AL41061 ACCEPTED SEPTEMBER SHIPMENT OPEN L/C第AL41061号定单已经同意，请于九月份进行货运并开出信用证。
物流工程专业英语期末复习要点
物流工程专业英语期末复习要点简答题：1.Facility Location Decision: The success of a particular logistics system is dependent upon thelocation of the relevant warehousing and production facilities.2.packaging: promoting the product and protecting it .3.Returned products: such as products recalls , product damage, lack of demand, and customerdissatisfaction.4.The main advantage of static simulation (静态模拟) is that it is simpler, less expensive tooperate , and more flexible than most optimization techniques. Unlike mathematical programming approaches, simulation does not guarantee an optimum solution.5.Lean thinking is based around the simple philosophy of eliminating waste.6.Three factors are fundamental to transportation performance:（1）cost(2)speed(3)consistency7.Lean Thinking (seven wastes); (1)The waste of over production (2)…waiting(3)…inappropriate processing (4)…unnecessary inventory (5)unnecessary motions (6) defects(7) transporting8.The 80/20 rule will often be found to hold: that is 80 percent of the profits of the businesscomes from 20 percent of the customers. Furthermore 80 percent of the total costs to service will be generated from 20 percent of the customers (but probably not the same 20percent！)9.Influence of LCS Quality on customer Loyalty Intentions?(1)As perceived cycle time quality increases, the level of customer intended loyalty towardsthe online retailer will increase.(2)As perceived in-stock availability quality increase, the level of customer intended loyaltytoward the online retailer will increase.(3)As perceived customer responsiveness quality increases, the level of customer intendedloyalty toward the online retailer will increase.10. The assumption of EOQ ( The EOQ model):(1)all demand is satisfied;所有的需求都能被满足(2)rate of demand is continuous, constant, and known;需求率是连续的，明确的已知量(3)replenishment performance cycle time is constant and known;补货时间是连续已知的(4)there is a constant price of product that is independent of order quantity or time; 产品的价格是常量，不受订货数量和时间的影响(5)there is an infinite planning horizon; 计划周期是无限的(6)there is no interaction between multiple items of inventory; 各项库存之间没有影响(7)no inventory is in transit; 在途库存不考虑(8)no limit is placed on capital availability; 没有资金限制11. Environmental Models: noise; vibration; air pollution.12.Transportation Characteristics: non-storability; indivisibility;13. what is 3 rd-party Logistics: third-party logistics, also called logistics outsourcing, or contract logistics, continues to beone of the most misunderstood terms in logistics and supply chain management .14.Why use 3PL: to save time; Because someone else can do it better; to share responsibility; to re-engineer distribution networks.15.. Limitations(缺陷) of 3rd-Party Logistics :（1）Loss of control over the logistics function(especially for critical parts );（2）More distance from clients. Loss of human touch.（3）Discontinuity of services of 3PL provider;（4）Differences of opinion or perception of the service level of the 3 rd-Party provider.16. The cost holding inventory (1) capital cost (2)service cost (3)storage costs (4) risk costs17. The quality research measure: Ordering procedures refer to the efficiency and effectiveness of the procedures followed by the supplier .Order accuracy refers to how closely shipments match customers ’orders upon arrival .Order condition refers to the lack of damage to orders .Order quality refers to how well products work .Information quality refers to customer’s perceptions of the information provided by the supplier regarding products from which customers may choose. Personnel contact quality. Order release quantities. Order discrepancy handing. Timeliness 18. Strategy of Logistics: (1) Low cost and high quality tactics; (2)flexibility tactics; (3)good delivery performances.19.EX-works: FCA(free carrier );FOB(free on board);CFR(cost and freight);CIF(cost, insurance, and freight)名词解释：1.Inventory: refers to stocks of goods that are maintained fora variety of purposes, such as forresale to others, as well as to support manufacturing or assembling processes.2.Materials handling: refers to the short-distance movement of products within the confines of afacility.3.Order management: refers to management of the activities that take place between the time acustomer places an order and the time it is received by the customer.4.Salvage refers to “equipment that has served its useful life but still has value as a source forpats”, while scrap refers to “commodities that are deemed worthless to the user and only valuable to the extent they can be recycled.”5.Warehousing: refers to places where inventory can be stored for a particular period of time.6.Pull scheduling: a system of controlling materials whereby the user signals to the maker orprovider that more material is needed. Material is sent only in response to such a signal.7.Push scheduling: a system of controlling materials whereby makers and providers make orsend material in response to a pre-set schedule, regardless of whether the next process needs them at the time.8.Fixed costs: tend to stay the same as volume of activity changes, or at least, within a givenvolume range.9.Variable costs: change as the volume of activity changes.10.Direct costs: can be tied to specific products.11.Indirect costs: are whatever is left over after direct costs have been allocated.12.Basic service: refers to the basic level delivered to all customer, whether less profitable ormost profitable, they should received service not lower than this level.13.Value-added service: refers to the firm can be paid for the additional service by the buyer, orwe can say the cost of raising service level can be made up for by increase price or more transctions ,such service surpassing the basic level.1.物流是以满足客户需求为目的，计划、执行与控制产品、服务以及相关信息从起始点到消费终端高效率的流动过程2.全面质量管理是一种受管理系统支持的理念，这个系统通过各职能部门齐心协力来满足客户对产品各方面的需求3.集装箱码头连接海运与陆运，比传统的码头搬运集装箱更快捷，更经济，更准确，容量更大4.企业借助物流系统能够控制原料、在制品以及成品库存的运动状态和地理位置，从而使成本最低。
物流英语考试复习资料
PART 1.VOCABULARY 1*10=10PART PLETE THE STATEMENTS WITH A PROPER WORD CHOSEN FROM THE BOX 1*10=10PART 3.TERMS AND CONCEPTS 2*5=10PART 4.SHORT ASNWER QUEESTIONS 5*4=20PART 5.READING COMPREHENSION 2*15=30PART 6.ESSAY WRITING 20PART 1.VOCABULARY 1*10=101、Physical and packages’ strength are important considerations of packagedesign.2、3、order cycle is also known as replenishment （补货）cycle.4、Relevant costs of transport service include items such as fuel, labor,5、The customer can minimize its inventory level if lead time is fixed.6、warehouse space is usually the most obvious and easiest to fill ,that is whywarehouse operations must utilize（利用）the vertical space （垂直空间）effectively in order to be efficient7、8、Reducing commodity（货物）9、（劳动密集型） to a capital-intensive（资本密集型） operation10、Carriers quote freight rates in cwt (cents per hundredweight).11、include shrink-wrap （收缩膜包装）, air bubble , cellulosewadding（纤维填絮）, corrugated paper（瓦楞纸）and plastics.12、Automatic scanners（自动扫描）13、Materials handling equipment should use gravity as much as possible and minimize the ratio of （比）14、Concealed damage（藏匿损坏）is not detected until the package is opened.15 、The trade-off logic studies the relationship between two conflicting practices or operations such aslarge quantity purchase price discount and high inventory levels.1.2.r eplenishment cycle.3.4.5.Warehousing can allow a firm into a large shipment, with significanttransportation savings.6.mixing for customer orders, protection7.8.customer service.9.process that plans, implements and controls the efficient,10.11.（传送带）12.the most obvious and easiest to warehouse13.14.Relevant costs of include items such as furl, labor, maintenance, ofequipment, and administrative costs.15.required to complete the modal transfer.\16.17.18.19.20.equipment and minimize the ratio21.22.23.24.and package’s strength are important considerations of package design.25.Practice of using external activities that have traditionally beenperformed within an organization itself26.a carrier27.28.The acquisition of goods or services29.A production strategy that strives to improve a business return on investmentinventory and associated carrying costs, also called the Toyota Production System30.The process of contracting a business function to someone else, involves the abusiness function-commonly one previously performed in-house to an external provider31.A flat transport structure that supports goods instorage efficiencies32.conditions in a set period of time (usually one hour)33.Value given up as a result of not taking certain action34.reduc e the likelihood of this due to the vendor’s lead time, which causeinterruptions to sales or deliveries35.specifying terms of delivery36.：37.38.A practice in logistics of unloading material from an incoming semi-trailer truck or railroad car andloading into outbound trucks, trailers, or rail cars, with little or no storage inbetween39.tons, or passengers40.：i nbound l ogistic41.in order to gain a tax deduction that will lower total tax liability42.by various modes43.may be common characteristics or common needs and desires：44.the requirement) tothe moment it is received by the customer1、a measure of uncertainty in carrier performance : the usual differences that occur between shipments byvarious modes :2、process of dividing the market according to similarities that exist among the various subgroups（亚组）3、The time from the moment the customer places an order (the moment you learn of the requirement) to the4、one to whom a carrier may lawfully make delivery in accordance with（与什么一致）his contract of5、a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or other companies and may also act as a6、The process of contracting a business function to someone else, involves the contracting out of a business7、a production strategy that strives to improve a business return on investment by reducing in –process8. Practice of using external organizations to execute（执行）logistics activities that have traditionally been9.Economic principle that as the volume of production increases, the cost of producing each unit decreases, therefore, building a large factory will be more efficient than a small factory because the large factory will10. the acquisition（获得物）is an important aspect of customer service in logistics13.14. Warehousing can allow a firm shipment into a large shipment, with significant transportation savings.15. Order processing, billing and invoicing（开发票）, product returns and claims handling are all typical exampleso ………), or out-of-stock (OOS) event is an event that causesinventorytobe exhausted. Reorderthe vendor's lead time, which cause interruptions to sales or deliveries.18. Adocumentissuedbyacarrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging receipt of goods for transport and specifying terms of delivery bill of ladingPART 4.SHORT ASNWER QUEESTIONS 5*4=201、what are the components of JIT systems?Zero inventory zero defects（零缺陷）Short lead time small and frequent replenishment2、Give an example of both dependent demand（独立需求）and independent demand（非独立需求）Automobiles（汽车）, tires（轮胎）; Computer, keyboard3.state some inventory-related costs:Capital. Storage space Inventory service Inventory risks4、what are the three stock location criteria（标准）?Popularity Unit size（产品尺寸）Cube（立方）5、state 3 principles in warehouse designOne-story facility ,minimize aisle（通道）space ,efficient materials-handling equipment and so on6、state 3 principles of material handling.1)gravity principle;2)automation principle;3)space utilization principle;4)standardization principle.7、Which operations have a great impact on the warehouse layout and design（布局设计）? movement and storage（移动和仓储）8、state 4 dimensions of material handling（物料运输）Time Space Quantity Movement9、which 4 categories（分类）can freight carriers fall into ?Common Private Exempt（免税的）contract10、which factors affect the rates of transportation?Distance V olume or weight of the shipment Cost or value of the service11、3 forms of physical inventoriesRaw materials Work-in –process Finished goods1.State 4 dimensions of materials handling2.Which 4 categories can freight carriers fall into3.Which factors affect the rates of transportation4.What are the 3 forms of physical inventories5.State some inventory-related costs6.Give an example of both dependent demand and independent demand7.What are the 4 components of JIT systems / what are the 4 elements underpinning the JIT concept8.Which operations have a great impact on the warehouse layout and design9.What are the 3 stock location criteria10.List at least 3 principles in warehouse designReview for logistic English>>Topic 2: order management & Customer Service●learning points☐To have a working knowledge of order management and customer service in logistics;☐To describe how a company processes the incoming orders and the four elements of the order cycle;☐To discuss the major elements comprising logistics customer service;☐To explain how the customer service is measured.*Order Management( Page 23-24)How a firm handles incoming orders → the activities that take place in the period b/t the time a firm receives an order and the time a warehouse is notified to ship the goods to fill that order → an important component of a firm’s Management Information System (MIS).●Order Cycle☐Order placement（订单生成）– increasing use of Internet-facilitated ordering such as e-marketplace, extranets（外联网）and email while the use of EDI and phone/fax to place orders is declining☐Order processing （订单处理）– checking customer credit, transferring information to sales records, sending the order to the inventory and shipping area, preparing shipping documents☐Order preparation（订单准备）– preparing orders for shipment with the help of real-time information☐ Internet-based information system has made it possible for customers to track and trace shipments●Customer Service (Page 24-28)3 principal ways to define customer service:☐Customers service as an activity☐Customers service as performance measures☐Customers service as a philosophy（哲理）●Definition(Page 25)Customer service is a process of providing competitive advantage and adding benefits to the supply chain in order to maximize the total value to the ultimate （最终的）customer.●Dimensions of Customer Service (Page 26)1)Time, 及时性2)Dependability / reliability,可靠性3)Communication,沟通4)Convenience便利☐Time– order cycle time; lead time; replenishment time;☐Dependability / reliability – It is possible for customers to minimize the inventory level if lead time is fixed. There is no need for s afety stock to guard against stockouts resulting from fluctuating（波动的）lead time. unsafe delivery →inventory carrying costs, failing just-in-time (JIT) program; incorrect orders → potential lost sales or production;☐Communication –①transferring order information to the order-filling area (warehouse) ; ②picking the ordered items out of inventory;☐Convenience–palletize / pallets / palletization; market segmentation (细分市场)●How logistics customer service is measured( Page 29)☐Order entry订单录入☐Order documentation accuracy订单文件的准确性☐Transportation☐Inventory and product availability库存和产品的可得率☐Product damage☐Production / warehousing processing time生产/仓库的作业时间Give an example to illustrate the following statement:“The shorter and more consistent the order cycle is, the less inventory is needed by one’s customers.”Topic 3: Packaging & Material Handling●Learning points☐Role of packaging in logistics1.Definition of packaging2.Packaging materials3.Bar coding☐Objectives of material handling1.Guidelines and principles2.Materials-handling equipment●Role of Packaging☐ A concern to marketing, production and legal: sales tactic（策略）, cost, transport and environmental rules/regulations☐Product information on the package: color codes, universal product codes, computer-readable tables, symbols and number codes☐Handling ease:1. physical dimensions (package size);2. package’s strength;3. package shape☐Protection: contamination（污染）, water damage, temperature changes, pilferage, shocks and weight support / distribution in handling and transport☐Packaging designed to reduce tampering（篡改）●Definition of Packaging1)Consumer / interior packaging – marketing2)Industrial / exterior packaging – logistics●Packaging MaterialsCushioning materials（缓冲材料）(against shock, vibration（震动）, surface damage):Shrink-wrap（收缩膜）, air bubble cushioning（气泡）, cellulose wadding（纤维填充物）, corrugated paper （瓦楞纸材料）, plastics (EPS, PU, PE, foam-in-place)●Bar Coding☐ A series of parallel（平行的）black and white bars, both of varying（不同的）widths, whose sequence （顺序）represents letters or numbers. A bar code carries important information such as a shipment’s origin, the product type, the place of manufacture and the price.☐Bar code scanners: automatic and handheld（自动和手动）☐Describe how bar code scanners work:Optical scanners（光学扫描仪）emit light beams（光束）and translate the reflections bouncing off （弹开）the black and white bars into electrical signals（电信号）which the scanner records as binary digits（二进制数字）of 1s and 0s.● 4 dimensions of materials handling——1Movement, time, quantity, space●Objectives of Material Handling(P42)1)Increase effective capacity of warehouse (focus on cubic / vertical space instead of floor/horizontalspace)2)Minimize aisle space (forklift trucks turning space)3)Reduce number of times product is handled4)Develop effective working conditions (safety concern)5)Reduce movements involving manual labor6)Improve logistics service (stock-keeping unit – SKU库存单位)7)Reduce cost●Principle of Materials Handling(Page 46)☐Optimize materials flow☐Gravity principle (utilize gravity wherever practical)☐Space utilization principle☐Automation principle (AGV)☐Standardization principle☐Deadweight principle (minimize ratio of deadweight to load)●Materials Handling Equipment☐Dock（码头）equipment:Forklifts（铲车）, dock bumpers, （装卸台车挡）dock levelers（装卸跳板）, dock seals, trailer restraint systems, pallets☐Other equipment:Conveyors: roller, wheel, belt, towline（拖链）Cranes（起重机）: bridge, stacker, wagon（货车）AGVs, double-pallet jack☐Order-picking and storage equipmentPicker-to-part: bin shelving, modular storage drawers, flow racks, mobile storage systems, order-picking vehiclesPart-to-picker: carousels, miniload automated storage and retrieval systems●Expressions in Material Handling(Page 58)HANDLE WITH CARE NO HOOKS DO NOT TURN OVER DO NOT DROPSTAND ON END FRAGILE PERISHABLE LIQUID●Introduction of multiple equipmentsStandard Pull-chain mechanical Dock LevelerDock levelers are used to bridge the gap between the dock and the trailer and adjust for any height differences.The pull-chain mechanical dock leveler is the most common type used.Hydraulic（液压的）Dock Leveler（装卸平台升降板）A step up from the mechanical dock leveler, the hydraulic dock leveler uses an electric pump（抽水机）and hydraulic cylinder to engage/disengage the dock leveler.This works from a remote switch which is generally mounted on the wall next to the dock.Docks with high volume will benefit from this automation.（自动化）Truck Restraint: ICC Bar TypeThe most dangerous aspects of loading and unloading trailers（拖车）is when a driver starts to pull away from the dock while he is still being loaded.The ICC Bar type restraints automatically engage the rear guard（后卫部队）on the trailer when it backs into the dock.After the trailer is loaded/unloaded the restraint is disengaged via a control panelTruck Restraint: Automatic Wheel TypeAnother automated truck restraint system, the wheel type system engages in front of the rear wheels（后轮）of the trailer.Elevating（升降机构）DocksElevating docks are used where a raised dock is not available.They operate via an electric pump and a hydraulic lift cylinder.Dock SealsDock seals come in a variety of configurations（配置）and are used to prevent air, dirt, insects, birds, and rain/snow from entering the building while loading and unloading trucks.Truck Types 2- Narrow aisle reach truckOther Names of reach trucks are: Stand-up reach, Straddle reach , Double-deep reachReach trucks are designed for racking areas only and do not work for loading trucks or quickly moving loads over distancesTruck Types 2- Reach truckNarrow aisle truck designed specifically for racked pallet storage.Double-deep version (shown) loads pallets 2-deep in special double-deep racking.Gravity Skate Wheel ConveyorGravity flow skate wheel conveyor is a low cost option for conveying lightweight cartons or trays.Used extensively in shipping/receiving and assembly areas, skate wheel conveyors reduce manual material handling of lightweight items over short distances.Gravity Roller ConveyorApplication for gravity roller conveyor is similar to that of gravity skate wheel.Its cost is a little higher and it is more effective where heavier items are being handled.Automated Belt ConveyorAutomated belt conveyer has similar applications to gravity roller and skate wheel.Single units can be incorporated into gravity conveyor systems to create a simple low cost semi-automated system.Flexible ConveyorUsed extensively in shipping/receiving operations for package handling, flexible conveyor is usually anchored at one end to fixed gravity or automated conveyor allowing the other end to be expanded and flexed into trailers for loading and unloading.Unit Load ConveyorUnit Load Conveyor is a heavy duty version of roller conveyor used for handling pallet loads or larger trays.High Volume Trailer LoadingThis shows an application of conveyor in high volume trailer loading/unloading.Sortation SystemsSortation systems are the key to large elaborate conveyor systems.The variety of sortation systems is extensive as are their applications.Horizontal CarouselHorizontal Carousels are used in high-volume small-parts picking operations.Generally, an operator will run 2 to 4 carousels at a time avoiding the need for the operator to wait while one unit is turning.Vertical CarouselsVertical Carousels consist of a series of horizontal trays on a vertical carousel.Vertical carousels are most effective when floor space is at a minimum and there is ample overhead clearance.Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)A system of rows of rack, each row has a dedicated retrieval unit that moves vertically and horizontally along the rack picking and putting away loads.Towline (AGV=. 无人搬运车（Automatic Guided Vehicle）) systemTowline system is designed for movement of materials and products over paths.Topic 4: Transportation Mgmt●Learning points☐Importance☐Five basic modes☐ 3 Key factors of transport☐Single mode of transportation☐Inter-modal Services☐Classification of Carriers☐Bases for Rates☐Shipment Documentation (Domestic & Int’l)●Importance of Transportation☐40-50% of total logistics costs☐4-10% of the product-selling price● 5 Basic Modes of Transportation☐water, rail, truck, air and pipeline☐role of transportation agencies, shipper’s associations, brokers, freight forwarders● 3 Key Factors☐PriceRate: pickup at origin, delivery at destination, insurance, preparing for shipment, fuel, labor, maintenance, depreciation of equipment, administrative costs（行政费用）☐Transit time & variabilityAverage time it takes for a shipment to move from its point of origin to its destination;Variability — a measure of uncertainty in carrier performance☐Loss & DamageCarrier’s obligation（义务）; delayed shipments;damaged goods → inconvenience; inventory level●●Inter-modal Transport Services☐Birdyback（鸟背运输）, fishyback（鱼背运输）, piggyback （背负式运输）services☐Problems with multi-modal service: carriers’ reluctance（勉强）; transferability（可转移性）●Multi-modal Transport Services☐Containerization1.t are the advantages of using containers?2.Strengths in using containers: reducing handling costs, damage costs, theft and pilferage, time to transfer3.materials handling: labor-intensive → capital-intensive●Four categories of freight carriers----2☐Common Carrier公共承运人☐Contract Carrier合同承运人☐Exempt Carrier豁免承运人☐Private Carrier私营承运人●Common Carrier☐ A for-hire carrier that serves the general public at reasonable charges and without discrimination（区别）（填空词时考到该词）(railroads and pipelines)☐The most highly regulated●Contract Carrier☐Not serving the general public but serving one or a limited number of shippers with whom it is under specific contract;☐The contract: terms concerning the rates, liability, type of service and equipment;☐Rates: lower than those of common carriers☐Tailored / customized service; high service level●Exempt Carrier☐Carriers exempt from economic regulation regarding rates and services;☐Gaining the status by the commodity it hauls or by the nature of its operation;☐Examples: a motor carrier transporting agricultural products, newspapers, livestock（家畜）, fish; a rail carrier is exempt when hauling fresh fruit;●Private Carrier☐Not for-hire, not subject to gov’t economic regulations;Core biz(n. 商业（等于business）) is not transportation;☐An inter-corporate hauling fee●Bases for Rates-Factors affecting the rates ( revenue per ton-mile)——3☐Cost and value of service;☐Distance;☐Volume or weight of the shipment●Cost and value of service☐What cost basis to use1.Fully allocated / average total costs2.Average variable costs3.Marginal / out-of-pocket (现款支付的)costs☐Service Pricing – Rates vary by transported productHigh-value commodities can sustain（维持）higher transportation charges (a small portion of the selling price)●Distance☐Tapering rate principle:Rate increase is not directly proportional to distance. The rate increases as distance increases, but not linearly.☐Terminal costs (cargo handling（货物装卸）, clerical and billing) do not vary with distance. Carriers spread terminal costs over a greater mileage base.●Domestic Documentation☐Bill of Lading（B/L）提单☐Freight Bill运费清单☐Freight Claims货运索赔单☐FOB Terms of Sale FOB销售术语●Bill of Lading☐Certificate of title （产权证书）t o the goods☐Straight Bill of Lading (记名提单)Non negotiable（禁止转让的）instrument; consignee named☐Order Bill of Lading (指示提单)Negotiable instrument; the consignor retains security interest in the goods until the consignee pays the goods’ invoice value●Freight Bill (运费清单)☐Carrier’s invoice for the charges☐Listing the shipment, origin and destination, consignee, items, total weight, total charges, credit time period for payment;☐Prepayment is required if the carrier considers the commodity’s value is less than the freight charge.●Freight Claims (货运索赔单)☐ A document the shipper（发货人，托运人）files with the carrier to recoup（收回）monetary losses resulting from loss, damage or delay to the shipment or to recover overcharge payments☐Within 9 months of delivery☐Visible damage vs. concealed damage●FOB Terms of Sale (销售条款)☐①Who is to incur （招致）transportation charges; ②who is to control movement of the shipment;③where the title passes to the buyer☐FOB Delivered (目的地) – the seller☐FOB Origin (原产地) – the buyer●International Transportation☐Transportation DocumentsCarnet（通关卡）– known as duty-free import of goods passport , widely used internationally as a customs documents. indicating that the shipment has been sealed（封闭）at its origin and will not be opened until it reaches its final destination, passing in transit through intermediate customs points without inspection（检查）☐Universal airway billTopic 5: Inventory Mgmt●Learning points☐Inventory & Inventory Management☐Major Reasons for Carrying Inventory☐Major Types of Inventory-related Costs☐Approaches to Managing Inventory☐Distinctions among Various Approaches1.Two Forms of Demand2.Pull vs. Push3.System-wide（全系统）vs. Single-facility（单一系统）Solution☐Integrated（整合）Inventory Management: DRP, MRP and JIT●Inventory– or stock, in terms of supply chain management – is defined as the stored accumulation of material（材料）or components（部件）used in☐the inventory of partially produced products at various stages in the☐●☐Scale/Batching Economies & Cycle Stocks（规模经济和周转库存）acquisition, production and transportation; traditional long production runs/batches →cycle stock; concern about obsolescence（退化）of finished goods☐What is the trade-off logic?discount savings vs. inventory carrying costpurchase of raw materials & transportation rates●Why keep inventory?☐Uncertainty / Safety Stocks1.customer demand (hard to forecast)2.transportation3.supply shortage (stockouts)4.CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecast and Replenishment)☐In-Transit Stocks: modes of transport☐Work-in-Process Inventory: hours → days (auto and computer manufacturing)☐Seasonal Stocks (Page 93)1.Agriculture products – perishableCosts of holding items in storage1.Capital Cost（资本成本）– opportunity cost,hurdle rate（要求报酬率）(the minimum rate of return expected of new investments)2.Storage Space Cost – handling costs (in & out), rent, heating, lighting3.Inventory Service Cost – insurance & taxes4.Inventory Risk Cost – obsolescence and depreciation (fashion apparel, fruits &veges, computers &)☐ costs of replenishing inventory1.dollar amount per order, independent of order size.2.vary with the number of orders made.3.☐1.costs (info sys, tech, facilities) and variable costs (reviewing levels, orderpreparing and payment processing…)2.（流水作业线）☐ Associated with insufficient inventory.☐In-transit Inventory Carrying Cost●Two Forms of Demand——6☐Dependent——JIT & MRP1.Demand for items used to produce final products2.Tires stored at a Goodyear plant are an example of a dependent demand item☐Independent——DRP1.Demand for items used by external customers2.Cars, appliances, computers, and houses are examples of independent demand inventory●Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)☐EOQoptimal order quantity that will minimize total inventory costs☐Under what circumstances is EOQ to be applied?1.Demand (independent) is known with certainty and is constant over time2.No shortages are allowed3.Lead time for the receipt of orders is constant4.Order quantity is received all at once●Pull vs. Push☐Pull / Reactive approach (JIT)1.quick response to customer demand (independent);2.unable to coordinate （协调）the need for similar or identical items at parallel network facilities;3.one-way communication b/t need and supply;4.suitable in cases of uncertain order cycle or demand level☐Push / Proactive approach (MRP & DRP)1.anticipating future demand (dependent) and use of replenishment;2.adapting better to the coincident needs of parallel logistics network facilities;3.two-way communication b/t need and supply4.suitable for highly profitable segments, dependent demand, scale economies, supply uncertainties,source capacity limitations, seasonal supply buildups; organizations with greater logistics sophistication（复杂）●System-wide vs. Single-Facility Solution☐Single facility – individual warehouse; distribution center;☐Single-facility solution: JIT and EOQ-based approaches☐System-wide approaches: MRP and DRP●Just-in-Time Approach☐Designed to manage lead times and to eliminate waste; quick response with a high priority（优先级）on short and consistent lead times;☐Americanized version of the Kanban system（看板系统）developed by the Toyota Motor Company.Inventories should be available when a firm needs them – not any earlier, nor any later;☐Kanban: kan / production cards (生产卡片), ban / requisition cards (提料卡片), Andon / light system(指示灯系统)☐Four major elements underpinning the JIT concept——71.Zero inventories;2.Short lead times;3.Small, frequent replenishment quantities;4.Zero defects / high quality☐Evaluation of JIT1.Responsiveness and flexibility2.Efficient and dependable production and manufacturing processes3.Accuracy of forecasting to anticipate finished product demandmunications and information systems5.High-quality consistent transportation services●Materials Requirements Planning (物料需求计划)☐MRP starts by determining how many end products customers desire and when they need them.☐Goals of an MRP system1.to ensure the availability of materials, components and products for plannedproduction and for customer delivery;2.to maintain the lowest possible i nventorylevel;schedules and purchasing activities;Master Production Schedule(MPS):customer orders and demand forecasts2.Bill of Materials File (BMF)物料清单文件:exact amount of raw materials, components and subassemblies; when and how3.Inventory Status File(ISF)存活状态文件:safety stock needs, lead times, minimizing inventory4.MRP Program5.Outputs and Reports: ①quantities to order; ②need to reschedule or not; ③canceled need; ④system status☐Principle advantages1.Safety stock levels / minimal inventories2.Identify supply chain disruptions & take corrective actions3.Actual demand & forecasts of end-product needs4.Coordinate materials ordering5.Suitable for batch production / assembly☐Weaknessesputer intensive;2.increasing order and transport costs;3.not sensitive to short-term demand fluctuations;plex●Distribution Resource Planning(分销资源计划)☐DRP is usually used with an MRP system –DRP (in outbound logistics / inventories) vs. MRP (in inbound l ogistics / inventories)☐Key elements of DRP。
物流专业英语复习教材
物流专业英语复习资料考试题型：一、选择填空（20 points）二、物流术语（20 points）三、阅读理解（30points，each 3 points）四、英译汉（20points，each 4 points）五、汉译英（10 points，each 2points）物流专业英语考试备考1词汇1.1 基本概念术语1．物品article2．物流logistics3．物流活动logistics activity4．物流作业logistics operation5．物流模数logistics modulus6．物流技术logistics technology7．物流成本logistics cost8．物流管理logistics management9．物流中心logistics center10．物流网络logistics network11．物流信息logistics information12．物流企业logistics enterprise13．物流单证logistics documents14．物流联盟logistics alliance15．供应物流supply logistics16．生产物流production logistics17．销售物流distribution logistics18．回收物流returned logistics19．废弃物物流waste material logistics20．绿色物流environmental logistics21．企业物流internal logistics22．社会物流external logistics23．军事物流military logistics24．国际物流international logistics25．第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26．定制物流customized logistics27．虚拟物流virtual logistics28．增值物流服务value-added logistics service 29．供应链supply chain30．条码bar code31．电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI) 32．有形消耗tangible loss33．无形消耗intangible loss 奖罚1.2 物流作业术语1．运输transportation2．联合运输combined transport3．直达运输through transport4．中转运输transfer transport5．甩挂运输drop and pull transport6．集装运输containerized transport7．集装箱运输container transport8．门到门door-to-door9．整箱货full container load (FCL)10．拼箱货less than container load (LCL11．储存storing12．保管storage13．物品储存article reserves14．库存inventory15．经常库存cycle stock16．安全库存safety stick17．库存周期inventory cycle time18．前置期（或提前期）lead time19．订货处理周期order cycle time20．货垛goods stack21．堆码stacking22．搬运handing/carrying23．装卸loading and unloading24．单元装卸unit loading and unloading25．包装package/packaging26．销售包装sales package27．定牌包装packing of nominated brand28．中性包装neutral packing29．运输包装transport package30．托盘包装palletizing31．集装化containerization32．散装化containerization33．直接换装cross docking34．配送distribution35．共同配送joint distribution36．配送中心distribution center37．分拣sorting38．拣选order picking39．集货goods collection40．组配assembly41．流通加工distribution processing42．冷链cold chain43．检验inspection 奖罚1.3 物流技术装备及设施术语1．仓库warehouse2．库房storehouse3．自动化仓库automatic warehouse4．4立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5．虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6．保税仓库boned warehouse7．出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8．海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision 9．冷藏区chill space10．冷冻区freeze space11．控湿储存区humidity controlled space12．温度可控区temperature controlled space13．收货区receiving space14．发货区shipping space15．料棚goods shed16．货场goods yard17．货架goods shelf18．托盘pallet19．叉车fork lift truck20．输送机conveyor21．自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV)22．箱式车box car23．集装箱container24．换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25．特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26．全集装箱船full container ship27．铁路集装箱场railway container yard28．公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29．集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30．集装箱码头container terminal31．国际铁路联运international through railway transport32．国际多式联运international multimodal transport33．大陆桥运输land bridge transport34．班轮运输liner transport35．租船运输shipping by chartering36．船务代理shipping agency37．国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38．理货tally39．国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance 40．报关customs declaration41．报关行customs broker42．进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚1.4 物流管理术语1．物流战略logistics strategy2．物流战略管理logistics strategy management3．仓库管理warehouse management4．仓库布局warehouse layout5．库存控制inventory control6．经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7．定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8．定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9．ABC分类管理ABC classification10．电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11．准时制just in time (JIT)12．准时制物流just-in-time logistics13．零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14．物流成本管理logistics cost control15．物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP)16．制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)17．配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP)18．配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II)19．物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20．企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21．供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22．快速反映Quick response (QR)23．有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24．连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP)25．计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO)26．供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory (VMI)27．业务外包outsourcing1.We can define warehousing as that part of a firm’s logistics system that stores products(raw materials, parts, goods-in-process, finished goods)at and between point of origin and point of consumption,and provides information to managementon the status,condition,and disposition of items being stored. 1. 我们可把仓储定义为公司物流系统的不可分割的一部分, (2分)用以在原产地,消费地或二者之间储存原材料,部件,在制品,产成品(2分)并向管理部门提供有关所储存项目的现状与控制情况等信息. (2分)2. Participants in the channel gain competitive advantage through improving the overall channel efficiency by reducing risk and effectively leveraging the corporate resources of each channel member.2. 这条链上的参与者通过以降低风险(2分)和链上每一位成员的共同资源的有力支持(2分)来改善整条链的效率从而获得具有竞争力的优势。
物流专业英语期末测试(二)
物流专业英语期末测试（二）I. Translate the following items into Chinese or English. (20points)1. 及时配送11. outsourcing2. 出货清单12. inventory control system3. 规模经济13. after-sales service4. 零售店14. industrial packaging5. 目标市场15. global positioning system6. 系统整合16. direct procurement7. 政府采购17. storage facilities8. 材料流动18. warehouse operation9. 通关19. industry standards10. 库存管理20. production costII. Tell whether the following stetements are Ttrue or Ffalse, marking an “A”for true statements and a “B”. for false ones. (10 points)( ) 21. A well-run supply chain compresses time, increases expensive distribution processes as well as costly inventories.( ) 22. Despite their high costs, ships have large capacity and are well suited to large and bulky cargoes which could not be carried safely or economically by other forms of transport. ( ) 23. A bill of lading is not the actual contract, which is inferred from the action of the shipper or ship-owner in delivering or receiving the cargo, but it forms excellent evidence of theterms of the contract.( ) 24. The primary goals of the distribution network are to minimize the service to thecustomer while maximizing the cost of distribution.( ) 25. Inventories are stockpiles of raw materials, supplies, components, work in process, and finished goods that appear at numerous points throughout a firm’s production andlogistics channel.( ) 26. Packaging is the material (for example, carton, wood, and steel) in which a product or a group of products are wrapped and consists of the containment, protection,apportionment and unitization of goods.( ) 27. Logistics refers to series of activities associated with flow of merchandise, information and payments only among suppliers.( ) 28. Air transport has a vast network of airlines and highways, which can reach remote places in the interior across high mountains, which are hardly accessible by rail or roadtransport, to say nothing of sea transport.( ) 29. Procurement deals with the buying of goods and services that keep the organization functioning.( ) 30. Logistics received recognition in military operations during World War II, and gained its momentum as it contributed to the effective distribution of machinery and supplies tocommon people.III. Complete each statement by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (15points) ( ) 31. is used when the goods are dispatched by courier service，usually involving small parcels and packets.A. Courier receiptB. CIM consignment noteC. Air waybillD. Bill of lading ( ) 32. The CMR consignment note is not a negotiable or transferable document or a document of title.A. titleB. classC. levelD. possession ( ) 33. If a company has a famous 3PL provider, the provider can indirectly increase _______ through a solid logistics network.A. inventoriesB. salariesC. expensesD. revenues ( ) 34. One of the hottest trends today is the _______ of logistics or third-party logistics (3PL).A. contractB. subcontractC. source outD. outsourcing ( ) 35. Air freight and truck delivery are generally fast and __ but they are expensive.A. convenientB. reliableC. respectableD. competitive ( ) 36. Logistics typically refers to activities that occur within a single organization and supply chain refers to networks of companies that work together and __ their actions todeliver a product to market.A. organizeB. controlC. consolidateD. coordinate ( ) 37. A customer organization may purchase a product in order to transfer it into another product that they in turn sell to _______.A. distributorsB. retailorsC.service providersD. producers ( ) 38. With the goal of reducing total supply chain assets, managers realize that _______ can be used to reduce inventory and human resource requirements.A. informationsB. many informationC. informationD. inform( ) 39. A _______ is typically an organization that buys from producers and sells to consumers.A. distributorB. supplierC. manufacturerD. provider ( ) 40. EDI are quickly becoming the standard for effective, accurate, and _______ information exchange, like internet.A. low-costB. high-costC. fastD. slow( ) 41. Retailers are companies that _______ inventory and sell in small quantities to the general public.A. stock inventoryB. take inventory in bulkC. make productsD. purchase services( ) 42. _______ allows people to enjoy a special range of food that it only be available in certain season and areas all year round.A. inventoryB. transportC.packagingD. market( ) 43. A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities and suppliers that participate _ the production, delivery and sale of a product to theconsumer.A. withB. inC. onD. of( ) 44. As to the functions, traditional warehouses provide few _______ services, whiledistribution centers emphasize assembly, packaging and other distribution processingactivities.A. after salesB. pre salesC. maintenanceD. value-added ( ) 45. Warehouses are typically viewed as a _______ place to store inventory.A. permanentB. cost effectiveC. temporaryD. time consumingIV. Complete the passage by choosing the best answer from the four choices. (10points)Jack Cohen and his wife Tessa began their small grocery business on London’s High Stree t in the early 1950s. Since that time the company, TESCO, has grown to become .the UK’s leading food retailer with annual sales of 6.4 pounds billion and has 46 a new reputation for quality and service. Its 384 stores in England, Scotland and Wales 47 more than nine million customers per week.In the 34 year old Colin Smith we can see TESCO’s 48 on value plus quality and service. Upon 49 T ESCO’s management team in 1987 as trading director for fresh meats, he immediately focused 50 improving supply and distribution systems. He set up a supplier certification program with strict specifications for processing facilities and livestock quality, plus 51 q uality checks at each TESCO’s distribution center and store.One of Smith’s priorities has been a n 52 lamb program. TESCO could not obtain enough fresh lamb to 53 demand and was forced to fill in with frozen product. Smith turned to Cryovac specialists who 54 with TESCO and its meat suppliers to attack the problem.The result was a new packaging system from Cryovac featuring a harder Cryovac Barrier Bag which dramatically reduced package damages. V acuum 55 fresh lamb now arrives at TESCO stores in the best condition year-round and sales have grown to more than 60 million pounds annually.( ) 46. A. noticed B. done C. made D. established( ) 47. A. sell B. serve C. meet D. hold( ) 48. A. emphasis B. idea C. name D. importance( ) 49. A. becoming B. being C. entering D. joining( ) 50. A. on B. in C. at D. with( ) 51. A. nearby B. far C. further D. farther( ) 52. A. old B. improved C. impossible D. able( ) 53. A. ask B. answer C. satisfy D. finish( ) 54. A. cooperate B. link C. study D. sit( ) 55. A.package B. packaged C. packaging D. to packageⅤ. Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question. (30 points)Passage OneOne of the advantages of using 3PL results from economies of scale (merits from large truck fleets, warehouses, etc.) and economies of scope, which encourage companies to increase net value by reducing costs. The effects of these economies are obtained depending on the type of 3PL provider (e.g. IT-equipped, marketing-based, non-asset-based (and then flexible), etc.) Competent 3PL providers possess high coordination ability, enabling them to search for reliable partners or sub-contractors, and to manage efficiently the inter-firm flow of goods. Such ability can be developed through experiences as a 3PL.Likewise, by outsourcing logistics activities, companies can save on capital investments, and thus reduce financial risks. Investment in logistics assets, such as physical distribution centers or information networks, usually needs large and lump sum costs, which involves financial risks. Furthermore, the 3PL providers can spread the risks by outsourcing to sub-contractors.Although there are several advantages of using 3PL, some drawbacks also exist. It is not easy to establish a reliable and cost-effective partnership between the firm and the 3PL provider. In order to establish reliable partnership, efforts should be made in two stages: 3PL provider selection and contract signing. Firstly, in the stage of selecting a new 3PL partner, it is important to select the 3PL provider who has the ability to provide better services. If the firms cannot select reliable 3PL providers, they may suffer from economic losses. It is not easy for firms to judge the ability of the 3PL provider during the selection stage owing to the issue of information asymmetry (不对称) between the firm (principal) and the 3PL provider (agent). To solve this problem, complex selection procedures are necessary to identify their ability. However, the complex selectionprocedures may involve additional transaction costs. Secondly, it is important to establish a system to maintain their reliable partnership once the 3PL partner is selected. Information sharing and apparent risk sharing between the parties is always required. Concerning information sharing, it is needless to say that smoother information exchange will result in a more efficient logistics activity.( ) 56.What does the underlined phrase（line 3, para 2）mean?A. Total sumB. Large sumC. Small sumD. Separated sum( ) 57. Which one of the following is not true?A. Complex selection procedures are necessary to identi fy the clients’ ability and theymay involve additional costs.B. By outsourcing logistics activities, TPL providers can save on capital investments,and thus reduce their financial risks.C. 3PL providers can spread the risks by outsourcing to sub-contractors.D. Information sharing and apparent risk sharing between the parties is always requiredand smoother information exchange will result in a more efficiency.( ) 58. Which one of the following is not true about coordination ability?A. It can be developed through experiencesB. Enable 3PL companies to search for reliable partners or sub-contractorsC. Manage efficiently the inter-firm flow of goodsD. Companies can save on capital investments( ) 59. Complex selection procedures are necessary to identify their ability, because .A. There is information asymmetryB. It is not easy for firms to judge the ability of the 3PL providerC. Otherwise firms may suffer from economic lossesD. The 3PL provider who has the ability to provide better services( ) 60. What is not needed to maintain their reliable partnership?A. Information sharingB. Profit sharing mechanismC. Apparent risk sharingD. Smoother information exchangePassage TwoThe first task of site selection is to identify both the general and then the specific warehouse location. The general area concerns the broad geography where an active warehouse makes sense from a service, economic, and strategic perspective. The general question focuses on the broader geographic area as illustrated by the need to place a warehouse in the Midwest, which generally implies having a facility in Illinois, Indiana, or Wisconsin. In contrast, a retailer such as Target or Home Depot typically selects a warehouse location that is central to a prerequisite number of retail store locations. Thus, the selection and number of retail outlets drive the support warehouse location.Once the general warehouse location is determined, a specific building site must be identified. Typical areas in a community for locating warehouses are commercial developments and outlying or suburban areas. The factors driving site selection are service availability and cost. Land cost is the most important factor. A warehouse need not be located in a major industrial area. In many cities, warehouses are among industrial plants and in areas zoned for light or heavy industry. Most warehouses can operate legally under the restrictions placed upon general commercial property.Beyond procurement cost, setup, and operating expenses such as transport access, utility hookups, taxes, and insurance rates require evaluation. The cost of essential services may vary extensively between sites. For example, a food-distribution firm recently rejected what otherwise appeared to be a totally satisfactory warehouse site because of projected insurance rates. The site was located near the end of a water main. During most of the day, adequate water pressure was available to handle operational and emergency requirements. However, a water problem was possible during two short periods each day. For 6:30 A.M. to 8:30 A.M. and from 5:00 P.M. to 7:00 P.M. the overall demand for water along the line was so great that a sufficient pressure was not available to handle emergencies. Because of this deficiency, abnormally high insurance rates were required and the site was rejected.Several other requirements must be satisfied before a site is purchased. The site must offer adequate room for expansion. Necessary utilities must be available. The soil must be capable ofsupporting the structure. The site must be sufficiently high to afford proper water drainage. Additional requirements may be situationally necessary, depending upon the structure to be constructed. For these reasons and others, the final selection of the site should be preceded by extensive analysis.( ) 61. What is the core factor for a retailer such as Target or Home Depot when typically selecting a warehouse location to consider? ______A. the broad geography of a warehouseB. both the general and then the specific warehouse locationC. the service, economic, and strategic perspectiveD. the number of retail outlets locations( ) 62.. Which of the followings is not an ideal building site selection for a warehouse?A. a major industrial area with great expansion where numerous industrial plants arelocatedB. commercial developmentsC. commercial centersD. zones from light and heavy industries( ) 63. The “commercial developments” in Para. 2 are usually located in ______ areas.A. remote countrysideB. downtownC. industrialD. outlying or suburban( ) 64. To evaluate factors of site selection, the most crucial element taken into consideration is _______.A. transport accessB. taxes and insurance ratesC. land costD. utility hookups( ) 65. The main reason that accounts for the rejection of a seemingly satisfactory warehouse site is _______.A. a water problem was possible during two short periods each dayB. the abnormally high insurance rates were requiredC. the site was located near the end of a water mainD. the overall demand for water along the line during two short periods may bring aboutemergenciesPassage threeThere are three types of stock that a business can hold:1.Stocks of raw materials (inputs brought from suppliers waiting to be used in theproduction process)2.Work in progress (incomplete products still in the process of being made)3.Stocks of finished products (finished goods of acceptable quality waiting to be soldto customers)The aim of stock control is to minimize the cost of holding these stocks whilst ensuring that there are enough materials for production to continue and be able to meet customer demand. Obtaining the correct balance is not easy and the stock control department will work closely with the purchasing and marketing departments.The marketing department should be able to provide sales forecasts for the coming weeks or months (this can be difficult if demand is seasonal or prone to unexpected fluctuation) and so allow stock control managers to judge the type, quantity and timing of stocks needed.It is the purchasing department’s responsibility to order the correct quantity and quality of these inputs, at a competitive price and from a reliable supplier who will deliver on time.As it is difficult to ensure that a business has exactly the correct amount of stock at any one time, the majority of firms will hold buffer stock. This is the “safe” amount of stock that needs to be held to cover unforeseen rises in demand or problems of reordering supplies.Good stock management by a firm will lower costs, improve efficiency and ensure production can meet fluctuations in customer demand. It will give the firm a competitive advantage as more efficient production can feed through to lower prices and also customers should always be satisfied as products will be available on demand.However, poor stock control can lead to problems associated with overstocking or stock-outs.If a business holds too much buffer stock (stock held in reserve) or overestimates the level of demand for its products, then it will overstock. Overstocking increase costs for businesses asholding stocks are an expense for firms for several reasons.1.Increases warehouse space needed2.Higher insurance costs needed3.Higher security costs needed to prevent theft4.Stocks may be damaged, become obsolete or perish (go out of date)5.Money spent buying the stocks could have been better spent elsewhereThe opposite of an overstock is a stock-out. This occurs when a businesses runs out of stocks. This can have severe consequences for the business:1.Loss of production (with workers still having to be paid but no products beingproduced)2.Potential loss of sales or missed orders. This can harm the reputation of thebusiness.In these circumstances a business may choose to increase the amount of stock they hold in reserve (buffer stock). There are advantages and disadvantages of increasing the stock level.( ) 66. The aim of stock control is _______.A. to minimize the cost of holding stocks and ensure productionB. to order the correct quantity and quality of stocksC. to provide sales forecasts for the coming weeks or monthsD. to judge the type, quantity and timing of stocks needed( ) 67. The word “buffer” in Line 19 probably means ________.A. protectionB. quantityC. reserveD. insurance( ) 68. The costs of overstocking include the following EXCEPT ___________.A. Increases warehouse space and higher insurance costs needed.B. Potential loss of sales or missed orders.C. Higher security costs needed to prevent theft.D. Stocks may be damaged, become obsolete or perish.( ) 69. Which of the following is one of the advantages of increasing the stock level?A. Costs of storage, rent and insuranceB. Less chance of loss of production time because of stock-outsC. Money tied up in stocks not being used elsewhere in the businessD. Large stocks subject to deterioration and theft( ) 70. Which of the following is not discussed in the passage?A. The types of stocks.B. The purpose of stock control.C. The importance of stock controlD. The methods of stock controlVI. Write a composition according to the following instructions. (15points)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. You should describe the meaning of third party logistics and explain the significance of it.Third Party Logistics参考答案及评分标准I. 评分标准：每题一分，翻译全称。
物流专业英语考试复习
物资储存storage of goods
消除低下的效率eliminate inefficiency
产品的流转，储存和控制movement,storage,and control of products
和供应相关的活动supply-related activities
A variety of functions多种功能
Across the company从整个公司
Control mechanism控制机制
Flexible planning 灵活的规划
Integration集成整合
Coordination协调
Labor,equipment and space 劳动力，设备和场地
Specialist fuels特种燃料
Heating oil供暖燃油
Food ingredients食品配料
Expertise专门技术，专门知识
Road delivery公路运送
Goods in process进程中的货物
As a buffer against things going wrong作为一种防止事情变坏的缓冲
Customer support 客户支持
Transportation 运输
Movement of people and goods人流和物流
Warehouse management 仓储管理
Purchasing采购
Include ,but not limited to 包括，但又不限于
Manual and powered手动或电动的
Pallet moving trucks 托盘搬运车
物流英语期末复习知识点
物流英语期末复习知识点物流英语期末复习知识点1.How many kinds of ware house do youknow? Please write down the advantages and disadvantages for eachone.-Private warehouse优：More control;The cost of long term storage is lower than the public storage;More flexi bility缺：high risk of investment-Publicw are house优：leased to solve short-term distribution needs;Saving money;缺：Alack of personalized service;Communication problems-Contract warehouse优：Low cost;More cost-effective than private warehouse缺：Oncecontracted,itmustbealong-termutilization2.How many kinds of transportation mode do you know?Please write down the advantages and disadvantages for eachone.-Rail way transportation铁路运输优点：It offers cost-effective transpor to falarge number of car go sover long distance;It is good for car gos with high volumeand low value.缺点：In flexibility of operation-Road transportation公路运输优点：Used for higher-value and lower-volumecar goover relatively short distance;Providing adoor to door service缺点：Fuel consumption;airpollution-Water way transportation水路运输优点：The cheap estmethod of moving goods worldwide缺点：The speed of the shipisvery slow.-Air transportation航空运输优点：It offer srapidand flexible delivery;Saving time缺点：high cost-Pipeline transportation管道运输优点：Pipelinesoperateona24-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek.缺点：The lack of grow thinde mand for the movemen to foil will affect pipelines.3.Please talk about the ways of improving customer service.Improving logistics system to deliver superior customer service;Taking both servicelevel and costintoac count when gaining profits;Identifying customers’needs;Defining customers service objective;Reducing the cost of logistics system4.What is logistics?In Chinese Logistics Terms,logistics means the physical movement of goods from the supplier to the receiver.。
物流英语复习资料
一、单词复习商品: merchandise 线路:line 合资企业:Joint Venture 陆运:land transportation 处理:handle 装箱单:packing slip 零售包装:consumer packaging 仓储: storage 排除:eliminate信息服务:service information 零风险:zero defects 定舱位: book the shipping space 存储:storage对待: approach 入库作业:indoor operation 卸货: discharge 海关:Customs 知名的:big name入库保税品: warehouse bond 检查站: checkpoint 防热的: Heat-proof 供应链: supply chain工具: facility 条形码:Bar code 分销渠道:distribution channel 商标: trademark工业包装: industrial packaging 样品:sample 规格:specification供应商:supplier 可以使用的:available 发货区:receiving space 竞争:competition 询问:inquiry估算:evaluation 原材料:raw material代表:on behalf of represent 实际上:in practice 总重: gross weight二、句子复习(1)Electronic order system is for the operation ordering and the information exchange by internet among the firms.电子订货系统的操作命令和信息交换之间通过互联网公司(2)Customer service is meant to provide facility for customer’s nee d or inquiry and arrange it.客户服务的目的是提供设施的用户需要或查询及安排。
物流英语复习资料
物流英语复习资料一、词汇货物freight；consignment；goods 货运代理商forwarding agency承运商carrier供应商supplier托运人；货主shipper收货人consignee委托consign卸货unload; drop-off收货collect交送delivery询价enquiry报价offer；quote全体职员staff安排arrangement技术的technical商业的commercial吨ton磅lb精确地exactly要求requirement英寸inch英尺foot重量weight船只vessel渡轮ferry铁路rail高速公路motorway包租(船、飞机等) charter 批发商wholesaler包装；打包packing订单order塑料的plastic木桶barrel液体liquid鼓型金属桶drum体积volume抵达arrival船运；装船ship交易deal集装箱container调查survey估价师surveyor目的地；终点destination尺寸；规格measurement密封；封口seal易腐烂的；易变质的perishable 仓储warehousing 、仓库depot应负责任的liable保险单policy保险insurance风险risk损失damage备忘录memo援救salvage补偿；赔偿compensation二、句子1. 你能告诉我具体的位置吗？Can you tell me the exact location of the accident?2. 你们看着办吧。
We will leave that up to you.3. 我们将不得不追究贵公司对此次损失所应承担的责任。
We ’ll have to hold your company liable for damages.4.希望我们可以尽快解决这不幸的事情。
物流英语考试题型及复习内容
一、物流专业英语考试题型I.Translate the following phrases into Chinese（英译汉，10个词组，每个1分，共10分）II.Translate the following phrases into English（汉译英，10个词组，每个1分，共10分）III.Write the full forms of the following abbreviations （写全缩略语，20个缩略语，每个1分，共20分）IV.Multiple choice( 选择填空20题，每题一分, 共20分)V.Translation the following sentences into Chinese ( 句子翻译，5题，每题4分, 共20分) VI．Reading comprehension( 阅读理解，共20分)二、物流专业英语复习范围1. 英译汉1) returned logistics 2) the third part logistics 3) internal logistics 4) external logistics5) supply chain 6) intangible loss7)combined transportation 8) full container load9) joint distribution 10) distribution processing 11) container terminal 12) commodity inspection 13) asset recovery 14) bill of lading15) centralized procurement 16) exclusive distribution 17) interchange terminal 18) quality control19) vacuum packaging 20) wholesalers2．汉译英1) 物流管理2) 物流中心3) 供应物流4) 绿色物流5) 直达运输6) 物品储存7) 配送中心8) 流通加工9) 保税仓库10) 报关11) 库存控制12) 准时制物流13) 班轮运输14) 配送中心15) 提单16) 市场导向17) 售后服务18) 资源回收19)电子通关20) 零库存3．缩略语1) B2B 2) 3C3) CIF 4) FOB5) D/P 6) EC7) G .S. P 8) IMM9) QTSP 10) V AL11）FCL 12) LCL13) JIT 14) ETR15) EDI 16) M/T (measurement ton)17) W/T 18) G/W19) SPC 20) INV4. 句子翻译1.After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer ofgoods from the supplier to the customer in the most cost-effective manner.(在完成商业交易之后,物流将执行转移的货物从供应商到客户以最经济的方式。
物流英语总复习
物流英语总复习一、词汇辨识1、经纪人是（D ）A. agentB. agencyC. middle manD. broker2、进货清点是（B ）A. inspection goodsB. check inC. booking inD. inspect and record3、物流工程是（B ）A. logistic engineerB. logistics engineeringC. logistics projectD. logistics planning4、物流联盟是（A ）A. logistics allianceB. logistics unionC. logistics cooperationD. logistics ally5、物流资源计划是（C ）A. logistics supply planB. logistics supply planningC. LRPD. ERP6、分销渠道是（A ）A. channel of distributionB. distribution directionC. distribution wayD. distribution road7、配送需要计划是（D ）A. distribution planB. Distribution Resource programC. distribution resource planD. DRP8、联运站是（A ）A. interchange terminalB. terminal for combined transportC. station for combined transportD. station for linked transport9、国际货物运输保险是（B ）A. insurance for international transportB. international transportation cargo insuranceC. international cargo insuranceD. international insurance for cargo10、AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle) AA.自动引导车B.自动导向车C.自动行走车D.自动运行车11、B2A (Business to Administration) DA.企业对管理B.企业社会C.企业对政府D.企业与行政机构的电子商务12、C/D (Customs Declaration) DA.客户声明B.客户要求C.报关申请D.报关单13、COD(Cash on delivery) AA.交货收款B.现金付款C.交货与速递D.现金与交货同步14、DN (Domain Name) AA.域名B.主名C.域址D.主址15、D/O (Delivery Orders) BA.送货单B.提货单C.批货通知D.送货通知16、DRP (Distribution Requirement Planning) CA.分配要求计划B.分配需求计划C.配送需求计划D.配送管理规划17、EAN (European Article Number) DA.欧洲商品数字B.欧洲物品编码C.欧洲物品条码D.欧洲条码系统18、EB (Electronic Business) DA.电子业务B.电子交易C.电子商业D.电子商务19、EEC (European Economic Community) DA.欧洲经济社会B.欧洲经济体C.欧洲经济团体D.欧洲经济共同体（欧共体）20、ERC (Empty Return Charges) DA.空载回运专用B.空载返回收费C.空载返回付费D.空箱回运箱费21、FDA (Food and Drug Administration) DA.食品和药品管理B.食品与药品机构C食品与药品条例D.美国食品与药品管理局22、FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) AA.外国直接投资B.外国直接项目C.外资直接进入D.外资直接投入23、GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) DA.格林威治平均时间B.格林威治标准时间C.格林威治时间D.世界时间标准24、INV (Invoice) DA.提货单B.运货单C.货单D.发票25、ITS (Intelligent Transport System) AA.智能运输系统B.智力运输系统C.信息运输系统D.自动运输系统26、LAN(Local Area Network) BA.地方区域网络B.局域网C.地区网络D.地方网络27、LDSS (Logistics Decision Support System) BA.物流决定系统B.物流决策支持系统C.物流支持系统D.物流辅助系统28、MC (Motor Carrier) AA.美国汽车承运人B.汽车运输C.汽车承运人D.汽车运载29、MT or M/T (Metric Ton) BA.吨B.公吨C.吨位D.公制吨位30、M/V (Merchant Vessel) AA.商船B.商人船舶C.商业船舶D.商品容器31、OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) AA.经济合作与发展组织B.经济互助和发展规律机构C.经发组织D.经互组织32、OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) BA.最初的设备制造者B.原始设备制造商C.外购设备制造商D.外协设备制造商33、PD (Physical Distribution) CA.物理配送B.实物配送C.货物配送D.物质配送34、POS (Point of Sale) CA.销售时点系统B.销售时点C.销售点D.卖点35、S/R (Store and Retrieve) DA.存储和取回B.储存与保管C.存入与取出D.被动式存货36、T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) AA.电汇B.电话传输C.电讯传输D.电讯转换37、T/T (Transit Time) CA.转运时间B.过境时间C.航程D.运输时间38、UL AA.美国电器产品的安全认证标志B.美国认证C.美国工业产品认证D.美国工业产品安全认证39、UPC (Universal Product Code) BA.通用产品码B.通用产品标码或代码C.通用码D.美国条形码40、UPS (United Parcel Service) DA.联合包裹服务B.联合包裹递送C.联合包裹快递D.联合速递公司二、填空1. Logistics is referred to the( A ) flow, but not including the flow of the people .A. articleB. merchantsC. materialD. things2. ( B ) is different from manufacture processing.A. LogisticsB. Distribution processingC. PackagingD. Warehousing3. “ Twenty-Eighty” analysis method is the same as ( C ).A. ABC managementB. ABC class managementC. ABC classificationD. Managing priority goods4. ( A ) is used to load bulk cargo.A. Bulk containerB. ContainerC. StandardD. TEU5. The percentage of the sales for a firm in a specific market is ( B ).A. shareB. market shareC. market positionD. market status6.( A ) is for transportation of powder materials, oil and gas.A. Tank ContainerB. Tank shipsC. PipelineD. Oil reserve underground7. Recycle logistics is the same meaning as ( D ).A. waste material logisticsB. by-products logisticsC. environmental logisticsD. returned logistics8.( D ) is the place where goods is stored and ready to be delivered.A. WarehouseB. YardC. StorehouseD. Dispatch area9.Only one wholesaler or retailer to sell a certain goods in a specific area is ( C ).A. sole sellerB. single sellerC. exclusive distributionD. monopoly10. ( D ) has three parts : warehouse , high story shelf and stacker .A. Multi-story warehouseB. Automatic Multi-story warehouseC. stereo-style warehouseD. stereoscopic warehouse11.( D ) is the business about counting and inspecting goods in logistics.A. Goods agentB. Transportation brokerC. Logistics agencyD. T ally12. Shipper and ( B ) are the two side of shipping contract .A. portB. carrierC. shipping companyD. agency13. ( B ) sails in the fixed line between fixed ports and noticingthe sailing date in advance.A. Charter PartyB. LinerC. shipD. train14. Seaway Bill is ( A ).A. Non-negotiableB. negotiableC. standardE. special15. ( A ) can be used in land bridge transport.A. International Railway BillB. Cress-Continent BillC. Cross-Continent BillD. Cross –states Bill16. ( D ) is called combined transport.A. Multi-way transportB. Two-way transportC. Three-way transportD. Multimodal transport17. ( A ) is still a carrier.A. Multimodal transport operatorB. Cargo agencyC. ShipperD. Transportation facility18. The general meaning of logistics knowledge, material, picture, data and document is called ( D ).A. soft wareB. data bankC. informationD. logistics information19. When the non-qualified goods are returned or repaired from buyer to seller, we call it ( A ).A. returned logisticsB. back logisticsC. replace goodsD. exchange goods20. ( A ) is specialized logistics beyond supplier and customers.A. Third Part LogisticsB. Returned logisticsC. Distribution logisticsD. Sales logistics21. The logistics mode designed for specific customer is ( D ).A. special logisticsB. expert logisticsC. one by one logisticsD. customized logistics22.( D ) represents the information of the goods with 13 digits.A. Merchants SystemB. LabelC. MarkD. Bar code23.( B ) means carrier picks up the goods from the shipper’s warehouseand deliver it to consignee’s warehouse.A. DistributionB. Door-to-doorC. TransportD. Sending goods24.( A ) is the mode which can be loaded goods of more than one shippers and consignees.A. Less-Than Container loadB. combined containerC. Bulk containerD. Non Package goods container25. The average time when the goods is moved in and out of warehouse is ( B ).A. inventory timeB. inventory cycle timeC. stock timeD. warehouse time26. ( C ) is the operation moving the goods horizontally in the same place.A. RemovingB. TakingC. Handling or carryingD. Transferring27. ( D ) is the operation moving the goods vertically by manpoweror equipmentin the same place.A. Lift up and downB. Carry up and downC. Load and unloadD. loading and unloading28.( A) is package to load goods in a pallet and bind to form a handling unit.A. PalletizingB. Wooden plateC. Pallet and forkD. carriage unit29.( D ) can speed up the logistics activity, such as handling, loading andunloading, storing and transport.A. PackagingB. ContainerC. ContainerizationD. Combined transport30.( D ) is a place to collect goods for transportation.A. YardB. WarehouseC. Public StorageD. Shipping space31.( C ) can be used for carrying goods to pointed place without rail automatically.A. Automatic beltB. Automatic conveyorC. Automatic guided vehicle (AGV)D. Robot32.( C ) can move the solid goods continually.A. BeltB. Belt equipmentC. ConveyorD. Pipeline33.( A ) is a company representing the customers to declare and store the goods.A. Customs brokerB. Customs agencyC. International trade agentD. Agent34.( A) is the time between acceptance of the order and delivery of the goods.A. Delivery cycleB. Delivery periodC. Delivery daysD. Delivery hours35.( B ) doesn’t contain the cost of freight or distribution.A. Production costB. Factory priceC. Manufacture priceD. Average price of production36. The transport team formed by several vessels or trucks is ( D ).A. shipping companyB. cargo organizationC. carriersD. fleet37. The station to transfer goods from one carrier to another is ( D ).A. stopB. cargo areaC. cargo change placeD. gateway38. ( C ) directs the mobile equipments, like trucks, ships and aircrafts by satellite.A. Computer and cable systemB. Geographic Information SystemC. Global Positioning SystemD. Global forecasting and supply system39. The percentage of the product sales in a specific market is ( A ).A. market shareB. ration of sellingC. ratio of the marketD. ratio of profit in the market40. When the inventory is reduced to a specific point, the purchasing starts,this is ( C ).A. fixed quantity systemB. fixed interval systemC. order point systemD. economic order quantity41. Most large companies locate in ( C ) of the city.A. downtownB. centerC. Central Business District (CBD)D. shopping area42.( B ) is the sign for goods loaded in shipment.A. Shipping LineB. Shipping MarksC. Shipping identificationD. Shipping bill43. ( A ) is the process to check the ex-import goods in the fields of quantity,quality, package and original place to product, as well as the condition ofsafety and hygiene.A. Commodity inspectionB. Customs declarationC. Examination for the goodsD. Examination for the goods44. ( C ) is the management system to distribute all resources economically, meanwhile to satisfy the demand from market in the firm.A. MRP(Material Requirements Planning)B. ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)C. DRP(Distribution Requirement Planning)D. LRP(Logistics Resource Planning)45. ( A ) is the same word as ordering.A. PurchasingB. ProcurementC. BuyingD. Selling46.( C ) means the ships, trucks, trains and aircrafts in the logistics process.A. logistics shippersB. logistics carriersC. logistics equipmentD. logistics facilities47. ( B ) is to get the materials and services from other companies.A. OrderingB. ProcurementC. PurchasingD. Application48. Most global transactions are carried out by a ( D ).A. direct paymentB. receivable bill accountC. CIFD. letter of credit (LC)49.( B ) is the collection of the valuable parts from the used material.A. RecyclingB. ReproductionC. By-productionD. Retreat50. ( A ) means we can do business with Internet.A. EDIB. E-commerceC. GPSD. Fax and Telex三、阅读理解短文1The basic principles to make business are to open market and control cost. Usually, it is easier for cost reduced than marked developing because the credit of company decides its market share and it needs long term to build it up. But, sometimes we face another problem.For example, if you are the manager of a company making sales to two firms. One of them makes purchase once a year, but the volume is relatively big, and the payment come in time. Meanwhile, the other one hopes to reduce its inventory and buy your goods many times and in small lots with low price. Moreover, the latter one is very strict to quality, you have to spend a lot of energy and money to meet its bargaining.Questions:1. What increases any company’s market share? ( C )A. CapitalB. TechnologyC. CreditD. None of them2. Which one is the bigger buyer to you? ( B )A. Second oneB. First oneC. None of themD. Same3. How is the quality demand of the first one? ( A )A. No mentionB. Very lowC. Very highD. We don’t know4. What is the meaning of “reduce inventory”? ( D )A. Low level of goods in warehouseB. Low buyerC. Low level of warehouseD. Low price of goods5. Which one is the same meaning of purchase? ( D )A. Get somethingB. Selling somethingC. Making orderD. Buying goods短文2Packing is the end of production and the start of logistics. But it is more important to the latter than the former because the package is absolutely necessary to transportation and storage. Without it, the logistics can’t work.One of the basic functions of packing is to protect the goods in the process of logistics. It is called industry package. The second function is to make sales easy. For example, a beautiful box of the shoes attracts the customer to buy. This is called commercial package.Packaging technology can be classified into two categories, one is package materials, the other ispackaging methods.The materials consist paper, plastic, wood, metal and glass. Paper is the biggest percentage of the packing materials. It can be used to make outer package, carton (paper box) and corrugated box. Paper is cheap, easy to shape and ventilated. Plastic is new fast developed materials, which is low cost, strong, good resistant to water, acid and so on. Wood has become the less proportion because of environmental protection. It is used to make the wooden box. Metal, exactly aluminum is to make cans for drinks, like COCA-COLA, which is easy to recycle. Glass is mainly used to fill the liquid, like chemical products and liquors.Packaging technique is to adopt several packing methods and containers to protect goods. For example, protection from damage and vibration is the basic packaging method. Protection containers have a lot, such as bag, box, can, bottle and barrel.Questions:1. Packing is not a part of logistics. Is it true or not? ( A )A. NotB. YesC. No relationD. Sometime yes, sometime not.2. The main function of packaging is to protect goods. Is it correct? ( A )A. YesB. NotC. DifferentD. Same3. There are two categories of packaging. Do you agree? ( D )A. MoreB. Only oneC. NotD. Yes, I do.4. Packaging materials are equal important to packaging technology. Is it a fact? ( D )A. DifferentB. Same effectC. YesD. Not5. Packing technique is the package shape. Is it correct? ( A )A. YesB. NotC. I don’t know.D. No mention in it.短文 3All over the world, more and more ocean freights are carried out with containers. This trend will continue because containerized shipment offer so many advantages. Among them are:1.EconomyOverall transportation costs can be reduced by the container shipment. In the case of general cargo of 10,000 tons, it takes 48 hours to load and unload, but for the container ship of 35,000 tons, only 6-8 hours needed to load and unload.2.SafetyThe cargo can be handled in any weather and is efficiently protected from theft and damage,because it is completely enclosed.rge scaleContainer ship has become giant, from 10,000 tons in 1970 to 100,000 tons now, it continues to grow bigger and bigger.There are two kinds of containers, 20’ and 40’, mostly adopted. 20’ container is called TEU, Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit, and standard container. One 40’ container is equals two 20’s.Containers are used in ocean, railway and highway transportation. In recent years, many container terminals have been established. The continental bridge transport is introduced to load containers by trains. The road transportation follows this tendency, the tractors pull the container with the speed in 100 km per hour in highway.Questions:1. What is containerization shipment? ( D )A. To load goods in containerB. Container is only choice for transportation.C. Containerized transportationD. Container ship, container train and container truck2. Only 20’and 40’ container are available. Is it correct? ( C )A. CorrectB. WrongC. Not mentionedD. I don’t know3. 20’container is standard container. Is it true or not? ( A )A. YesB. NotC. It is old concept.D. It is new kind of container.4. Container ships need the container terminal to load and unload goods. Is it a fact?A. Yes ( A )B. NotC. DependD. No mention5. What is the tractor in this paragraph? ( C )A. Farm machineB. The head of truckC. The part of truck containerD. The part of truck to draw or pull container一、词汇辨识1、经纪人是（D ）A. agentB. agencyC. middle manD. broker2、进货清点是（B ）A. inspection goodsB. check inC. booking inD. inspect and record3、物流工程是（B ）A. logistic engineerB. logistics engineeringC. logistics projectD. logistics planning4、物流联盟是（A ）A. logistics allianceB. logistics unionC. logistics cooperationD. logistics ally5、物流资源计划是（C ）A. logistics supply planB. logistics supply planningC. LRPD. ERP6、分销渠道是（A ）A. channel of distributionB. distribution directionC. distribution wayD. distribution road7、配送需要计划是（D ）A. distribution planB. Distribution Resource programC. distribution resource planD. DRP8、联运站是（A ）A. interchange terminalB. terminal for combined transportC. station for combined transportD. station for linked transport9、国际货物运输保险是（B ）A. insurance for international transportB. international transportation cargo insuranceC. international cargo insuranceD. international insurance for cargo10、AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle) AA.自动引导车B.自动导向车C.自动行走车D.自动运行车11、B2A (Business to Administration) DA.企业对管理B.企业社会C.企业对政府D.企业与行政机构的电子商务12、C/D (Customs Declaration) DA.客户声明B.客户要求C.报关申请D.报关单13、COD(Cash on delivery) AA.交货收款B.现金付款C.交货与速递D.现金与交货同步14、DN (Domain Name) AA.域名B.主名C.域址D.主址15、D/O (Delivery Orders) BA.送货单B.提货单C.批货通知D.送货通知16、DRP (Distribution Requirement Planning) CA.分配要求计划B.分配需求计划C.配送需求计划D.配送管理规划17、EAN (European Article Number) DA.欧洲商品数字B.欧洲物品编码C.欧洲物品条码D.欧洲条码系统18、EB (Electronic Business) DA.电子业务B.电子交易C.电子商业D.电子商务19、EEC (European Economic Community) DA.欧洲经济社会B.欧洲经济体C.欧洲经济团体D.欧洲经济共同体（欧共体）20、ERC (Empty Return Charges) DA.空载回运专用B.空载返回收费C.空载返回付费D.空箱回运箱费21、FDA (Food and Drug Administration) DA.食品和药品管理B.食品与药品机构C食品与药品条例D.美国食品与药品管理局22、FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) AA.外国直接投资B.外国直接项目C.外资直接进入D.外资直接投入23、GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) DA.格林威治平均时间B.格林威治标准时间C.格林威治时间D.世界时间标准24、INV (Invoice) DA.提货单B.运货单C.货单D.发票25、ITS (Intelligent Transport System) AA.智能运输系统B.智力运输系统C.信息运输系统D.自动运输系统26、LAN(Local Area Network) BA.地方区域网络B.局域网C.地区网络D.地方网络27、LDSS (Logistics Decision Support System) BA.物流决定系统B.物流决策支持系统C.物流支持系统D.物流辅助系统28、MC (Motor Carrier) AA.美国汽车承运人B.汽车运输C.汽车承运人D.汽车运载29、MT or M/T (Metric Ton) BA.吨B.公吨C.吨位D.公制吨位30、M/V (Merchant Vessel) AA.商船B.商人船舶C.商业船舶D.商品容器31、OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) AA.经济合作与发展组织B.经济互助和发展规律机构C.经发组织D.经互组织32、OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) BA.最初的设备制造者B.原始设备制造商C.外购设备制造商D.外协设备制造商33、PD (Physical Distribution) CA.物理配送B.实物配送C.货物配送D.物质配送34、POS (Point of Sale) CA.销售时点系统B.销售时点C.销售点D.卖点35、S/R (Store and Retrieve) DA.存储和取回B.储存与保管C.存入与取出D.被动式存货36、T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) AA.电汇B.电话传输C.电讯传输D.电讯转换37、T/T (Transit Time) CA.转运时间B.过境时间C.航程D.运输时间38、UL AA.美国电器产品的安全认证标志B.美国认证C.美国工业产品认证D.美国工业产品安全认证39、UPC (Universal Product Code) BA.通用产品码B.通用产品标码或代码C.通用码D.美国条形码40、UPS (United Parcel Service) DA.联合包裹服务B.联合包裹递送C.联合包裹快递D.联合速递公司二、填空1. Logistics is referred to the( A ) flow, but not including the flow of the people .A. articleB. merchantsC. materialD. things2. ( B ) is different from manufacture processing.A. LogisticsB. Distribution processingC. PackagingD. Warehousing3. “ Twenty-Eighty” analysis method is the same as ( C ).A. ABC managementB. ABC class managementC. ABC classificationD. Managing priority goods4. ( A ) is used to load bulk cargo.A. Bulk containerB. ContainerC. StandardD. TEU5. The percentage of the sales for a firm in a specific market is ( B ).A. shareB. market shareC. market positionD. market status6.( A ) is for transportation of powder materials, oil and gas.A. Tank ContainerB. Tank shipsC. PipelineD. Oil reserve underground7. Recycle logistics is the same meaning as ( D ).A. waste material logisticsB. by-products logisticsC. environmental logisticsD. returned logistics8.( D ) is the place where goods is stored and ready to be delivered.A. WarehouseB. YardC. StorehouseD. Dispatch area9.Only one wholesaler or retailer to sell a certain goods in a specific area is ( C ).A. sole sellerB. single sellerC. exclusive distributionD. monopoly10. ( D ) has three parts : warehouse , high story shelf and stacker .A. Multi-story warehouseB. Automatic Multi-story warehouseC. stereo-style warehouseD. stereoscopic warehouse11.( D ) is the business about counting and inspecting goods in logistics.A. Goods agentB. Transportation brokerC. Logistics agencyD. T ally12. Shipper and ( B ) are the two side of shipping contract .A. portB. carrierC. shipping companyD. agency13. ( B ) sails in the fixed line between fixed ports and noticingthe sailing date in advance.A. Charter PartyB. LinerC. shipD. train14. Seaway Bill is ( A ).A. Non-negotiableB. negotiableC. standardE. special15. ( A ) can be used in land bridge transport.A. International Railway BillB. Cress-Continent BillC. Cross-Continent BillD. Cross –states Bill16. ( D ) is called combined transport.A. Multi-way transportB. Two-way transportC. Three-way transportD. Multimodal transport17. ( A ) is still a carrier.A. Multimodal transport operatorB. Cargo agencyC. ShipperD. Transportation facility18. The general meaning of logistics knowledge, material, picture, data and document is called ( D ).A. soft wareB. data bankC. informationD. logistics information19. When the non-qualified goods are returned or repaired from buyer to seller, we call it ( A ).A. returned logisticsB. back logisticsC. replace goodsD. exchange goods20. ( A ) is specialized logistics beyond supplier and customers.A. Third Part LogisticsB. Returned logisticsC. Distribution logisticsD. Sales logistics21. The logistics mode designed for specific customer is ( D ).A. special logisticsB. expert logisticsC. one by one logisticsD. customized logistics22.( D ) represents the information of the goods with 13 digits.A. Merchants SystemB. LabelC. MarkD. Bar code23.( B ) means carrier picks up the goods from the shipper’s warehouseand deliver it to consignee’s warehouse.A. DistributionB. Door-to-doorC. TransportD. Sending goods24.( A ) is the mode which can be loaded goods of more than one shippers and consignees.A. Less-Than Container loadB. combined containerC. Bulk containerD. Non Package goods container25. The average time when the goods is moved in and out of warehouse is ( B ).A. inventory timeB. inventory cycle timeC. stock timeD. warehouse time26. ( C ) is the operation moving the goods horizontally in the same place.A. RemovingB. TakingC. Handling or carryingD. Transferring27. ( D ) is the operation moving the goods vertically by manpoweror equipmentin the same place.A. Lift up and downB. Carry up and downC. Load and unloadD. loading and unloading28.( A) is package to load goods in a pallet and bind to form a handling unit.A. PalletizingB. Wooden plateC. Pallet and forkD. carriage unit29.( D ) can speed up the logistics activity, such as handling, loading and unloading, storing and transport.A. PackagingB. ContainerC. ContainerizationD. Combined transport30.( D ) is a place to collect goods for transportation.A. YardB. WarehouseC. Public StorageD. Shipping space31.( C ) can be used for carrying goods to pointed place without rail automatically.A. Automatic beltB. Automatic conveyorC. Automatic guided vehicle (AGV)D. Robot32.( C ) can move the solid goods continually.A. BeltB. Belt equipmentC. ConveyorD. Pipeline33.( A ) is a company representing the customers to declare and store the goods.A. Customs brokerB. Customs agencyC. International trade agentD. Agent34.( A) is the time between acceptance of the order and delivery of the goods.A. Delivery cycleB. Delivery periodC. Delivery daysD. Delivery hours35.( B ) doesn’t contain the cost of freight or distribution.A. Production costB. Factory priceC. Manufacture priceD. Average price of production36. The transport team formed by several vessels or trucks is ( D ).A. shipping companyB. cargo organizationC. carriersD. fleet37. The station to transfer goods from one carrier to another is ( D ).A. stopB. cargo areaC. cargo change placeD. gateway38. ( C ) directs the mobile equipments, like trucks, ships and aircrafts by satellite.A. Computer and cable systemB. Geographic Information SystemC. Global Positioning SystemD. Global forecasting and supply system39. The percentage of the product sales in a specific market is ( A ).A. market shareB. ration of sellingC. ratio of the marketD. ratio of profit in the market40. When the inventory is reduced to a specific point, the purchasing starts,this is ( C ).A. fixed quantity systemB. fixed interval systemC. order point systemD. economic order quantity41. Most large companies locate in ( C ) of the city.A. downtownB. centerC. Central Business District (CBD)D. shopping area42.( B ) is the sign for goods loaded in shipment.A. Shipping LineB. Shipping MarksC. Shipping identificationD. Shipping bill43. ( A ) is the process to check the ex-import goods in the fields of quantity,quality, package and original place to product, as well as the condition ofsafety and hygiene.A. Commodity inspectionB. Customs declarationC. Examination for the goodsD. Examination for the goods44. ( C ) is the management system to distribute all resources economically, meanwhile to satisfy the demand from market in the firm.A. MRP(Material Requirements Planning)B. ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)C. DRP(Distribution Requirement Planning)D. LRP(Logistics Resource Planning)45. ( A ) is the same word as ordering.A. PurchasingB. ProcurementC. BuyingD. Selling46.( C ) means the ships, trucks, trains and aircrafts in the logistics process.A. logistics shippersB. logistics carriersC. logistics equipmentD. logistics facilities47. ( B ) is to get the materials and services from other companies.A. OrderingB. ProcurementC. PurchasingD. Application48. Most global transactions are carried out by a ( D ).A. direct paymentB. receivable bill accountC. CIFD. letter of credit (LC)49.( B ) is the collection of the valuable parts from the used material.A. Recycling。
物流英语复习
第一课：Supply Chain Management1.供应链定义：…..the integration of key business processes form end user through original suppliers that provides products , services , and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders.(P1)2.供应链的组成：SCM consist of a simplified supply chain network structure , the information and product flows , and the key supply chain business processes penetrating functional silos within the company and the various corporate silos across the supply chain.3.供应链成功战略：The successful supply chain strategies are listed listed as follows:①Market Saturation driven(市场浸透):Focusing on generating high profit margins through strong brands and ubiquitous marketing and distribution.②Operationally Agile（操纵敏捷性）:Configuring assets and operations to react nimbly to emerging consumer trends along lines of product category or geographic region.③Freshness Oriented（新兴产品定位）:Concentrating on earning a premium by providing the consumer with product that is fresher than competitive offerings④Consumer Customizer（客户管理）:Using mass customization to build and maintain close relationships with end consumers through direct sales.⑤Logistics Optimizer（物流优化）:Emphasizing a balance of supply chain efficiency and effectiveness⑥Trade Focused（集中交易）:Prioritizing ” low price , best value ”for the consumer(as with the logistics optimizer strategy but focusing less on brand than on dedicated service to trade customers).4.物流定义：Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans , implements , and controls the efficient , effective flow and storage of goods , services , and related information form the point-of origin to the point-of-consumption in order to meet customers requirements.(P6)5.供应链结构组成：The SCM framework consists of three closely interrelated elements:the supply chain network structure、the supply chain business processes、the SCM components.(P8)第二课：Logistics Management1.物流的概念：is that part of the supply chain process that plans , implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods , services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements.2.挑战满足客户需求四大条件：①The internet B2B Economy：a dramatic transformation in the use of the internet for business transactions between companies.②Reverse logistics（反向物流）:the management of returned products to distributors, manufacturers or retails.③Real-time logistics Event Management（实时物流）:the need for accurate and timely management of information in order to maintain on-time deliveries ,reduce inventory levels and ensure that the right product is the right place at the right time.④Technology solutions provide visibility: new logistics event management technologies to gain real-time visibility into logistics operations; ensure a more accurate, efficient and effective flow of goods; Reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction.第三课Ocean Shipping1.船舶类型Ship types:1. General cargo ship: 1) Conventional cargo ship{两用货船} 2)Multi-purpose general cargo ship {多用}3)Specialized dry cargo ship for the carriage of lumber{特殊干货船} 4)Refrigerator ship2. Container ship: 1)Cellular full container ship {隔栅式}2)Semi-container ship{半集装} 3)Roll on/Roll off container ship {滚装}4)Lift on/Lift off container ship {吊式}3. Lash-lighter aboard ship, also termed barge carrying vessel{载驳船}4. Tanker: 1)Oil tanker 2)Tanker for liquefied gas including petroleum gas and natural gas {液化气体船}3)Chemical tanker for the carriage of liquid chemical such as ammonia {化学品船}4)Miscellaneous tanker {各种其他形式船}5. Combined carrier: 1)Ore and oil carrier(O/O){矿-油两用船} 2)Ore and bulk carrier(O/B){矿-散} 3)Ore, bulk and oil carrier(O/O){矿-散货-油}2.海上运输类型：Type of ocean shipping service:1). Liners:①定义：Liners offer shipping space , as common carriers , on ships playing along fixed routes on regular schedule ,principally engaged in carrying general cargo in relatively small shipments and limited volumes .②特点：1）more calls along the route and a saving in time at port for loading and discharging, thus ensuring dispatch and delivery of shipments in good time2) feasibility of sending small installments of cargo instead of bulky shipments3) better technical equipment on board ship to ensure faster and safer sailing.2). Trampers :①定义：Trampers refers to ships playing on waterways without pre-set schedule or fixed routes and sailings normally depend on an availability of cargoes entrusted for carriages.②分类：time charter / voyage charter / demise charter* The Demise charter pay for: 1) Crew’s wages and provisions 2).Ship’s maintenance and stores3)Lubricating oil 4)Fresh water3.船舶证书Ship’s papers:I．主要重要证书包括：1.Certificate of Nationality 2.Certificate of seaworthiness 3.Certificate of Classification 4.Tonnage Certificate 5.Loadline Certificate 6.Rifrigerating Machinery Certificate 7.Wireless CertificateII．Certificate of Nationality: it is usual for the shipbuilder to issue a builder’s certificate giving detailed specifications of the shipIII．Certificate of Seaworthiness: it is imperative that a ship always maintains the technical standards and requirements for safe sailing at sea.IV．Certificate of Classification（船舶入籍证书）: is an indication of the standard of a ship insofar as her structure , technical requirements and equipment are concerned , and since all necessary particulars are to be submitted to the organization concerned when classification of a ship is applied for ,an authentic record will be available of the state of the ship in question.V．Official Log Book(船员日志): An official log must be kept by every sea-going ship and the following matter must be record:1) A statement of conduct, character and the like of every member of the crew2) Every offence committed by a member of the crew, for which prosecution is intended3) Every conviction of a member of the crew and the punishment inflicted4) Every case of illness or injury or death happening to a member of the crew5) Every collision with any other ship and the circumstances leading themVI．Ship’s Articles (船员记录本) :give a description of crew and capacity in which each member serves, length of voyage ,amount of wages, ti me of commencement of voyage and scale of provisions.VII．Ship’s Log(航海日志)：gives a daily record of the activities aboard a ship , either in port or in sailing . including loading and discharge of cargoes , weather conditions, position of ship when on voyage , time of departure and arrival of ship ,quantity of fuel and fresh water carried on board ,steps taken in the event of a casualty, etc.第七课Containerization1. Containerization : it is a system of intermodal cargo transport using standard containers that can be loaded on container ships, freight train wagons ,and trucks.2. Advantages of containerization:1).provide shipper with seagoing strong vans which not only protect shipments from damage and theft but also can be used repeatedly, thus reducing the expense of export packaging.2). containerized traffic is far more efficient than the traditional mode of transportation.3). containerized traffic comprise minimization of losses and simpler packaging.4). containerized traffic will contribute considerably to the substantial saving in the carrier’s overheads, thusrendering it possible for him to fix the fright rate at a more attractive level.3. Disadvantages1) The carriage of containers necessitates specific accommodations in the ship2) The manufacture or purchase of containers involves a considerable sum of money.3) To meet the specific requirements for container ships ,a special type of terminal different from traditionalberths is requires.4.Rules in containerization:Hague Rules(最多每个集装箱$100)Hague-Visby Rules (每单位10000 gold francs or 每公斤30 gold francs 取其高者)Hamburg Rules (每单位12500 gold francs or 每公斤37.5 gold francs 取其高者)第八课Warehousing and Storage1.Basic components of a warehouse: space, equipment ,and people.2.Warehouse functionglity:①consolidation集装: shipment consolidation is an economic benefit of warehouse. With this arrangement, the consolidating warehouse receives and consolidates materials from a number of manufacturing plants destined to a specific customer on a single transportation shipment.②Break bulk and cross-dock拆装、越库：warehouse operations are similar to consolidation except that no storage is performed.③Processing/postponement加工、延期: warehouse can also be used to postpone or delay, production by performing processing and light manufacturing activities.④Stockpiling 储存:the direct economic benefit of this warehouse service is secondary to the fact that seasonal storage is essential to select businesses.第九课Inventory Control1.库存概念：inventory control, otherwise known as stock control , is about how much inventory you have at any one time, and how you keep track of it.2.库存分类：(1). raw materials and components – ready to use in production;(2) .work in progress – inventory of unfinished goods;(3) .finished goods ready for sale;(4) .consumables –for example ,fuel and stationery.3.控制库存的方法：（1）minimum inventory level---you identify a minimum inventory level, and re-order when inventory reaches that level. This is known as the re-order level. (ROL)(2).inventory review(库存检查) ---you have regular reviews of inventory. At every review you place an orderto return inventory to a predetermined level.(3).just in time (JIT) --- this aims to reduce costs by cutting inventory to a minimum. Items are delivered whenthey are needed and used immediately. There is a risk of running out of inventory, so you need to be confident that your supplier can deliver.4.零库存或少库存优点：（1）efficient and flexible .you only have what you need when you need it. (2) .lower inventory and storage costs. (3).you can keep up-to-date and develop new products without wasting inventory.缺点：（1）meeting inventory needs can become complicated and expensive. (2).you might run out of inventory if there is a hitch in the system. (3).you are dependent on the efficiency of your suppliers.5.多库存优点：（1）easy to manage. (2).low management costs. (3). you never run out.缺点：（1）higher inventory, storage and insurance costs. (2).certain goods might perish. (3).inventory may become obsolete before it is used. (4).your capital is tied up.第十四课Bill of Lading1.提单的类型：（1）received for shipment bill of lading.(待装船)(2).shipped or on board bill of lading.（已装船）(3).straight bill of lading （记名）.(4).blank bill of lading or open bill of lading（空白）. (5).order bill of lading（指示）. (6).clean bill of lading.(7)foul bill of lading.（不清洁）2.提单的三个作用：（1）it is a receipt for the goods;(2)it is a document of title ;and in certain cases.(3) It is a written evidence of the terms of the contract of affreightment..3.提单所写的项目：（1）name of shipper.(2)name of consignee.(3)the person or party to be notified at destination.(4)name of carrying vessel.(5)port of loading.(6).port of discharge.(7).place at which freight is to be paid or mode of payment.(8).particulars of cargo carried.(9).date and place of issue.(10).amount of freight and charges.(11).signature of master.In the bill of lading of the china ocean shipping company, china, there are the following statements on the face there of:(I).shipped on board the vessel named above in apparent good order and condition (unless otherwise indicated) the goods or packages specified herein are to be discharged at the above-mentioned port of discharge or as near thereto as the vessel may safely get and be always afloat.(II)The weight, measure, marks, numbers, quality, contents and value, being particulars furnished by the shippers, are not checked by the carrier on loading.Similar statements also appear in almost all bills of lading being used in shipping markets throughout the world.In the printed form of the bill of lading being used by china ocean shipping company, china, there are twenty-five clauses in all. There includes jurisdiction, period of responsibility, responsibilities, immunities, indemnity, deviation and so on.第15课Sea Protest1.定义：Sea protest：Sea protest is a document and sometimes just be called as the note of protest .2.什么时候发出该声明：The note of protest is a declaration by the master ,which gives full particulars of any heavy weather or other accident that may have cause damage to the ship or cargo with the extent unascertainable at the time when protest is noted.If the ship has encountered heavy weather or been involved in an accident on her voyage prior to arrive at the port , it is duty of the master to note sea protest at the first port of call within 24H of her arrival .The sea protest is required to protect the interests of the shipowner , and whenever there is any doubt that damage may have occurred as a result of heavy weather or other events , protest is noted by the master at the first port at which the ship calls .第16课General Average1.定义：A general average act can be established only where an extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is voluntarily and reasonable made or incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property imperiled in the common adventure.2.基本特征essential feather of G.A.：(1) The common adventure must be in danger.(2)The sacrifice must be voluntary (intentional有意的)(3) The sacrifice or expenditure must be reasonably made or incurred.(4) The sacrifice or expenditure must be extraordinary in its nature and not one which is necessarily involvedand indispensable in performing the contract of carriage.(5) The object of the sacrifice or expenditure should only be the preservation of property endangered in thecommon adventure , not for the safety of either the ship or the cargo alone.(6) The loss must be the direct result or the reasonable consequence of a general average cargo.3.判定原则The principle of adjustment：That which is sacrificed for all is borne in proportion by all interested in the adventures .（All loss which arises in consequence of extraordinary sacrifices made , or expense incurred , for the preservation of ship and cargo comes within generalaverage , and must be borne proportionately by all who are interested .）4.共同海损牺牲：I．Jettison（抛弃）of cargo or ship’s materialsII．V oluntary stranding （自动搁浅）III．Refloating of ship （使再浮起）IV．Damage incurred in extinguishing fire(灭火)V．Ship’s materials and stores or cargo burnt for fuel5.共同海损费用：Port of refuge（避难）expenses 、Crew’s wages and maintenance , fuel and stores.、Discharge , reloading or handling of cargo, fuel and stores on board.、Substituted expenses替代费用(Temporary repairs暂时修理/ Towage拖船费/ Transshipment and forwarding. 转载)、Salvage chargers救援费、Sundries杂七杂八费用(Survey fees / Cables, telexes , trunk calls / Shipowner’s superintendent fees船东管理费/ G.A. disbursement insurance.保险费)6.共同海损分摊：①船：Sound market value at the time and place of termination of voyage, less the amount of loss or damagethrough causes other than general average ; or actual net value at the time and place of termination of voyage , plus the amount made good in general average.②货:CIF value ,less freight at the risk of the shipowner and the amount of loss or damage unconnected withgeneral average.③运费:Amount of freight at the risk of the shipowner ,less the expenses for earning it , such as port chargesand crew’s wages ,w hich would not have been incurred had the ship been lost at the time of the general act.第18课Letter of Credit1.信用证的定义：A letter of credit is basically a document issued by a bank guaranteeing a client’s ability to pay for goods or services.2.信用证的种类：1).可撤销信用证Revocable Letter of Credit 2)不可撤销信用证Irrevocable Letter of Credit3)可转让信用证Transferable Letter of Credit 4).保兑信用证Confirmed Letter of Credit5).不保兑信用证Unconfirmed Letter of Credit 6).背对背信用证Back-to-back Letter of Credit7).备用信用证Standby Letter of Credit 8).现金信用证Cash advance against Letter of Credit.3.买卖双方的好处：Benefits of Sellers:(1)Assures the security of payment from an international bank once the terms of the letter of credit are met. (2)Seller can determine when payment will be satisfied and ship the goods accordingly.(3)Bank bears the responsibility of oversight. (4).Sellers does not have to open an account and grant payment terms to buyer. Credit risk is nearly eliminated. The risk of exchange control created with payment delays is greatly reduced. (5)Provides seller easier access to financing once the letter of credit has been issued. (6)Once the bank confirms the letter of credit, political and economic risk and questions regarding the buyer’s ability to pay are eliminated. The confirming bank is obliged to pay, even if the buyer goes bankrupt, provide the terms of the letter of credit are met.Benefits of Buyers: (1).Facilitates financing—for example, creating banker’s acceptances.(2)Buyer can confirm that the merchandise is shipped on or before the required date. (3)It is safer to deal with bank than to prepay. (4)Buyer may get better terms and prices. (5)No cash is tied up in the process. Buyer does not have to pay cash up front to a foreign seller before receiving the documents of title to the goods purchased. This is particularly helpful when buyer is unfamiliar with local suppliers and laws. (6).Protects the buyer since the bank only pays when the supplier complies with the specific terms and conditions and produces the documents required by the buyer. (7)The buyer can build safeguards into the letter of credit, including inspection of the goods and quality control, and set production and delivery times.第十九课Letter of Indemnity1.定义：A Letter of Indemnity is a letter guaranteeing that contractual provisions will be met: otherwise financial reparations will be made. And it’s a letter requesting replacements for lost shares from a company’s treasury. The principal behind a letter of indemnity is the guarantee that losses will not be suffered, should certain provisions of a contract not be met.A Letter of Indemnity is a document which the writer issues to another party agreeing to protect them from liability for the performance of certain acts.（1）In the case of international transportation when a negotiable bill of lading has been issued but is not available for surrender to the carrier when it is desired to take delivery of the shipment, a bank may issue a letter of indemnity to the cattier to release the cargo. (A Letter of Guarantee may also be used). The bank will usually obtain a similar letter from its client to protect itself against the liability it assumes on behalf of the client.（2）On export shipments, some carriers may permit shippers to issue letters of indemnity to the carriers in order to secure from them clean bills of lading in place of foul ones, or to replace lost original bills of lading.第二十一课Cargo（Marine）Insurance Policy1.三个基本险：（standard cargo insurance-three basic policies）1. Institute cargo clauses (All Risks)一切险2. With（Particular）Average {W.(P).A}水渍险3. Institute cargo clause (Free of particular Average, 即F.P.A )平安险(详见202页)2.保单的原则1. Utmost good faith 2.Indemnity3. Insurable interest3.租船的定义：The charter party ,as distinct from the bill of lading，is an instrument signed between the shipowner and charterer on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon .第二十二课Charter Party1.三种租赁方式：1. Charter by Demise2.Time charter (not by way of demise)3.Voyage charter2.三种方式的概念：Demise Charter is one under which the shipowner leaves the possession and control of the ship to the charter for a specified period of time as mutually agreed upon.Time Charter is one under which the shipowner places the services of a ship at the disposal of the charter for a specified period time , or rather hire out to the charter the entire shipping space of a ship or a substantial part there of for the carriage.V oyage charter is one which, as distinct from a time-charter ,is contracted for the carriage of specified goods on a defined voyage between two or more named ports or for a round or a series of defined voyage within a specified zone.区别：1).Charter by Demise：The charterer responsible for the ship and any damage caused by her to other ships or property .The shipowner，being out of possession，has no lien for the freight due under the charter，but he is not liable towards shippers .2)Time Charter：A time charter is for a fixed period time .The shipowner remains in possession of her with all the important legal consequences that flow there from .3)V oyage charter：A voyage charter is between two or more named ports or for a entire space of the ship is taken up by the charterer for his exclusive use during the contracted voyage or voyages .。
物流英语笔记期末总结
物流英语笔记期末总结IntroductionThe world of logistics is a complex, dynamic, and essential part of today's global economy. The ability to effectively communicate in English is crucial for professionals in the logistics industry. Throughout the semester, we have learned various aspects of logistics English, including vocabulary, phrases, and communication skills. This final summary will cover the key topics we have studied.1. Transportation Modes and VocabularyOne of the fundamental aspects of logistics is transportation. We learned about different modes of transportation, such as land, sea, air, and rail, and their corresponding vocabulary. For example, in land transportation, we learned terms such as truck, trailer, and container. In sea transportation, we discussed ship, port, and stowage. Understanding these terms is essential for effective communication in logistics, as it helps to accurately convey information about the movement of goods.2. Incoterms and Trade TermsIncoterms, or international commercial terms, are a standardized set of rules that define the responsibilities and obligations of the buyer and seller in international trade transactions. We studied the various incoterms, such as FOB (Free On Board), CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), and EXW (Ex Works), and their implications for the logistics process. By understanding incoterms, we can clarify the expectations and responsibilities of each party involved in the shipment.3. Warehouse ManagementEffective warehouse management is crucial for maintaining a smooth flow of goods in the logistics process. We learned about key concepts related to warehouse management, including inventory control, storage methods, and order fulfillment. Vocabulary related to warehouse management, such as SKU (Stock Keeping Unit), pallet, and picking, was also covered. Clear communication regarding warehouse operations is essential to ensure accurate inventory levels and efficient order processing.4. Supply Chain ManagementThe logistics industry is part of a broader supply chain, which includes all the activities involved in the production and distribution of goods. We learned about the different stages of the supply chain, including procurement, production, distribution, and customer service. Supply chain management involves coordinating these stages to achieve overall efficiency and customer satisfaction. Vocabulary related to supply chain management, such as demand forecasting, lead time, and supply chain integration, was also covered.5. Communication SkillsEffective communication is essential in the logistics industry, as it involves coordinating various stakeholders, such as suppliers, customers, and transportation providers. We learned and practiced essential communication skills, such as making inquiries, placing orders, and providing shipment updates. We also discussed the importance of clear and concise communication in emails, phone calls, and meetings. These skills are essential for building effective relationships and ensuring smooth transactions with business partners.ConclusionThe study of logistics English is crucial for professionals in the logistics industry. From understanding transportation modes and vocabulary to mastering incoterms and warehouse management, the knowledge gained throughout the semester has equipped us with the necessary skills to communicate effectively in this field. By practicing communication skills and vocabulary relevant to logistics, we can navigate the complexities of the industry and contribute to its success. English fluency and proficiency in logistical communication will undoubtedly be invaluable assets in our future careers in the global logistics industry.。
物流英语笔记期末总结高中
物流英语笔记期末总结高中First and foremost, I have learned about the various modes of transportation used in logistics, such as air freight, sea freight, road freight, and rail freight. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of transportation mode depends on factors such as distance, speed, cost, and nature of the goods being transported. For example, air freight is the fastest mode of transportation but is also the most expensive, while sea freight is the slowest but the most cost-effective for large volumes of goods.Furthermore, I have learned about the logistics process, which involves several interconnected activities, including order processing, inventory management, warehousing, transportation, and reverse logistics. Each activity plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth flow of goods from the supplier to the customer. For instance, order processing involves receiving and confirming orders, while inventory management focuses on optimizing the levels of stock to avoid stockouts and excess inventory.Another important aspect of logistics that I have learned about is supply chain management. Supply chain management is the coordination and integration of all activities involved in the production and delivery of a product. It encompasses the entire process from procurement of raw materials to the distribution of the finished product. Effective supply chain management requires collaboration and communication among various stakeholders, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers.In addition, I have gained knowledge about logistics documentation, which plays a vital role in ensuring the legality and efficiency of logistics operations. Some important documents in logistics include bills of lading, commercial invoices, packing lists, and customs declaration forms. These documents provide evidence of the contract between the shipper and the carrier, as well as information about the quantity, nature, and value of the goods being transported.Moreover, I have learned about the use of technology in logistics, particularly the role of information systems and software applications in improving efficiency and effectiveness. For example, warehouse management systems (WMS) help in optimizing the storage and retrieval of goods, while transportation management systems (TMS) assist in route planning and tracking of shipments. Additionally, electronic data interchange (EDI) enables the exchange of information electronically between different parties involved in the logistics process, leading to faster and more accurate communication.Lastly, I have gained insights into the challenges and trends in the field of logistics. One of the main challenges is the increasing complexity and globalization of supply chains, which require sophisticated strategies and technologies to manage. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on sustainability and green logistics, with the aim of reducing carbon emissions and minimizing the environmental impact of logistics operations. Lastly, the rise of e-commerce has had a significant impact on logistics, with the need for faster and more flexible delivery options to meet customers' expectations.In conclusion, the logistics English course has provided me with a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practices in logistics. I have learned about various transportation modes, the logistics process, supply chain management, logistics documentation, the use of technology, as well as the challenges and trends in the field. This knowledge will undoubtedly be valuable as I pursue further studies or a career in logistics.。
物流英语复习资料
reference keysText One What is Logistics？Pre-text PracticeⅠ.Please translate the following statements into Chinese.1.我认为现代物流是世界上最令人兴奋的领域之一。
2.物流的主目标主要在于以最低的成本来转移产品和信息。
3.任何销售产品的商业企业都需要物流服务。
4. 物流是供应链的一部分。
5. 物流技术日新月异。
Ⅱ.Now fill in the blanks according the Chinese meaning you have been given.1. critical2. director3. railroad4. efficiency5. increasingly6. functions7. taking part in8. processingⅢ.Listen to the passage twice and fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. deal with logistics department. around the world the point of origin deal with suppliers. located inVocabulary BuildingⅡ..Now combine the words in A with B in different ways to make right collocations and then translate them into Chinese. Example : supply chain.A Bconsumer collectingmaterial controllinginventory handlinginformation routingtransport responseDialogue One Headspring of The Third ProfitsComprehensionⅠ.Comprehension question:1 such as transportation, distribution, warehousing and so on2.Yes, it is. For example, everything we buy from retail stores is moved by all modes of transport.3. transportation, warehousing, order processing, inventory control, routing, information collecting, material handling and so on.4.No, they are interrelated to each other. We should integrate them to achieve maximum profit.Ⅱ. Listen to the sentences three times and fill each of the blanks with what you have exactly heard.1. logistics potential, benefit advantage2. improve efficiency locating3. process flow consumers.4. view unseen5. part supply chain efficient effective origin consumption . Ⅲ.Listen to the dialogues and choose the right answer to each of the following question.1. A.2. C.3. A.4. C5. DⅣ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.在香港，四个经济要素尤为重要，它们是金融服务、物流、旅游和专业服务。
物流英语期末考试翻译复习
物流英语期末考试翻译复习Unit 1 Logistics◇Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods.狭义上讲，物流是商品的高效流动和存储。
◇Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient,effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, service, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements. (CLM 2003)物流是供应链管理的一部分，是对货物、服务及相关信息从起源地到消费地之间有效率、有效益的正向和反向流动和存储进行的计划、执行与控制，其目的是满足客户要求。
◇Reverse Logistics is the reverse with the traditional supply chain, in order to restore or dispose of a reasonable value of raw materials, inventory between, the final product and related information from the consumer to the starting point for the effective conduct of the actual flows to plan, manage and control process.逆向物流是这样一个过程，它规划、实施并控制了从消费点到起始点的物料、在制品库存、成品和相关信息的高效与低成本的流动，从而实现重新获取价值并妥善处置物资的目的Unit 2 supply chain management◇A supply chain/ v alue chain or demand chain is the network of the involved companies, through upstream and downstream linkages, in different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimateconsumer.供应链，又称价值链或需求链，是由在创造最终消费者视角中的价值的不同流程和活动中，那些相关联的公司通过上游和下游的联结共同组成的一个网状系统◇The management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole 供应链管理是指以整体供应链的较低成本提供较高顾客价值的、对供应商和客户之间的上下游关系的管理◇SCM strategies1.Market Driven: Focusing on generating high profit margins through strong brands andforceful marketing and distribution.市场驱动型：关注通过强大的品牌效应和广泛的市场营销和分销来创造高的利润空间。
物流英语复习题答案
物流英语复习题答案一、选择题1. What does the abbreviation "FCL" stand for in logistics?A. Full Container LoadB. Full Cargo LoadC. Full Custom LoadD. Full Commercial LoadAnswer: A. Full Container Load2. Which of the following is the most common mode of transportation for international logistics?A. AirB. SeaC. RoadD. RailAnswer: B. Sea3. What is the meaning of "LCL" in shipping terms?A. Less than Container LoadB. Large Cargo LoadC. Limited Container LoadD. Large Custom LoadAnswer: A. Less than Container Load4. The term "EXW" in Incoterms refers to which point of delivery?A. Ex WorksB. Ex WarehouseC. Ex ShipD. Ex DockAnswer: A. Ex Works5. What is the role of a freight forwarder in the logistics process?A. To provide transportation servicesB. To arrange and manage the logistics processC. To insure cargoD. To handle customs clearanceAnswer: B. To arrange and manage the logistics process二、填空题6. The term "FOB" stands for Free On Board, which means the seller's responsibility ends when the goods are placed on board the _______.Answer: vessel or carrier7. When cargo is transported by air, the weight is often measured in _______.A. kilogramsB. tonsC. cubic metersD. poundsAnswer: A. kilograms8. The process of moving goods from one mode of transportation to another is known as _______.Answer: transshipment9. The International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) are a setof international rules for the interpretation of _______ in contracts of sale for the purpose of defining the _______ of goods.Answer: trade terms, responsibilities of the buyer andseller10. The term "CIF" stands for Cost, Insurance, and _______.Answer: Freight三、简答题11. What are the key components of a Bill of Lading?Answer: The key components of a Bill of Lading include the name of the ship, the port of loading, the port of discharge, the description of the goods, the quantity of the goods, the weight of the goods, the shipping marks, and the signature of the shipper and the carrier.12. Explain the difference between "Door to Door" and "Portto Port" services in logistics.Answer: "Door to Door" service refers to the logistics process where the goods are transported from the seller'sdoor to the buyer's door, including all necessary handlingand transportation. "Port to Port" service, on the other hand, only includes the transportation of goods from one port to another, excluding the transportation from the door to theport and from the port to the door.四、论述题13. Discuss the importance of tracking and tracing in the logistics industry.Answer: Tracking and tracing are crucial in the logisticsindustry as they provide real-time information about the location and status of the cargo. This helps in managing the supply chain more efficiently, reducing the risk of loss or damage to goods, and enhancing customer satisfaction by providing transparency in the delivery process.五、案例分析题14. A company has shipped a container of electronics from Shanghai to Los Angeles using a sea freight service. The container was supposed to arrive within 30 days, but after 40 days, the container has not yet arrived. What steps should the company take to address this issue?Answer: The company should first contact the shipping line or freight forwarder to inquire about the status of the shipment. They should also check the Bill of Lading and any tracking information available. If the container is still missing, the company should file a claim with the carrier and consider alternative measures such as airfreighting replacement goods if necessary. It is also important to review the terms of the contract and insurance coverage to understand the company's rights and responsibilities in this situation.结束语：物流英语是国际贸易和供应链管理的重要组成部分。
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As I understand, I am to charter the ship or book the shipping space.
我们打算对包装进行一些改进。
We have a mind to make some improvement in our packing.
我们已经把整个情况对您讲清楚了。我们无法再让步了。
We have already made the whole matter clear to you. We can’t grant you further concession.
4.(A)We will A on a cash basis.
A. conclude transactionB. sell the goodsC. settle our accountD. settle our account
5.(A)Regarding the three items you inquired , we would like to inform you that except the first item , we can supply A .
3. She (packed) her suitcase and headed for the airport.
4. The directors make the decision, while the managers have to (execute) them.
5. There’s only one way to (settle) the dispute, and they know it.
6. The attractive advertisement of the goods in the TV programs (appeals) to the eye of many customers.
7. Since we have to ship the goods from Shanghai to New York, we must pack them (properly).
A. through the Bank of China B. with a bank acceptable to China
C. with the Bank of China or the Standard Chartered Bank D. through a bank in London
A. them B. the matter C it D. your way clear
9.(D)We advise your bank to D L/C No.12345 to read “partial shipment are allowed”.
A. change B. correct C. make D. amend
1.(A) The goods are in A supply, consequently the price will probably rise next weel.
A. short B. little C. small D.few
2.(C)The recent exceptionally heavy demand for fur has made C impossible to promise delivery within one moth after receipt of letter of credit.
A. this B. we C. it D. us
3.(B)After shipment, we shall draw on you B the expenses we have paid as per you instruction.
A. all B. for C. with D.against
16.(A)We shall A you as soon as the supply position improved.
A. inform B. advise to C. make know D. communicate
17.(B)Our client wished to have his goods B by a direct steamer.
A. to be shipped B. shipped C. shipping D. being shipped
18.(D)Your delay D the L/C was the cause of our late shipment.
A. of opening B. for opening C. to open D. in opening
物流英语期末复习
1. (Develop)cause to grow larger or stronger in power.
2. (Major)greater or more important of the two
3. (or helpful, benefit.
设计精美的包装对顾客有吸引力并有助于商品销售。
A well—designed package will catch the customers’ eye and will certainly help push the sales .
您可以把它们交给厂商供他们在生产中参考么？
Would you possibly pass them on to the manufacturers for reference in their production?
7.(A)As you are well A , I’ll be arriving in Beijing along with my partner , Mr. Smith, on August 1st.
A known B. aware C. clear D. noted
8.(C)Please see to C that L/C is opened by cable whenever order is placed with us.
11. Any delay in shipment will (add to) the cost for storing the goods up.
12. To (make) my meaning (clear) , let us go back to our first round of talk.
我相信我们的报价与现行市场是一致的：
I believe our quotation is in line with the ruling market.
一收到您的信用证我们就发货：
We will make the shipment as soon as your L/C is available.
A. the rest two items B. all the two items C. them D. the second and third items
6.(A)You have not A our letter of July 10th.
A. replied B. answere C. airmailed D. dispatched
10.(B)I’m afraid that cardboard boxes are B for sea voyage.
A. not enough strong B. not strong enough C. strong not enough D. not strong
11.(D)In dong business with China, foreign firms should open their letters of credit D .
12.(C)Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, trade between our two countries C to a great extent.
A. was expended B. is extending C. had been expanded D. had been expanded
13.(A)We have received many inquiries from our clients in Africa A men’s shirts in different styles.
A. about B. on C. for D. as to
14.(D)We made you the following offer, subject to your acceptance D us not later than July 28th, 2003.
A. reaches B. being reached C. reach D. reaching
15.(D)It was after repeated negotiations that we finally D an agreement.
A. arrived B. entered C. did D. reached
8. (Power)ability to do or act.
1. If you want to get a good result of your exam, you have to (keep up) your study every day.
2. The company has a lot of problems to (handle).
4. (Capbility)ability to hold , contain, hold.
5. (Official)said or done with authority.