地理专业英语
地理专业词汇英语翻译
地理专业词汇英语翻译(A-B)a horizon?腐殖堆积层aa lava?块熔岩abandoned field?撩荒地abandoned lands?撩荒地abandoned mine?废弃矿山abandoned shoreline?旧岸线aberration?像差abiogenesis?自然发生abiotic factor?非生物因素ablation?水蚀ablation moraine?消融冰碛abnormality?反常aboriginal?土着的abrasion?海蚀abrasion platform?浪蚀台地abrasion shore?浪蚀海岸abrasion surface?浪蚀面abrasion terrace?海蚀阶地abrasive?研磨剂abrupt slope?陡坡abrupt textural change?质地突变abscissa?横坐标absolute age?绝对年龄absolute age determination?绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater?地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude?绝对高度absolute amplitude?绝对振幅absolute chronology?绝对年代absolute convergence?绝对收敛absolute dating?绝对年代测定absolute error?绝对误差absolute extremes?绝对极值absolute geochronology?绝对地质年代学absolute geopotential?绝对重力势absolute gravity?绝对重力absolute humidity?绝对湿度absolute instability?绝对不稳定性absolute maximum?绝对极大absolute measure?绝对尺度absolute minimum?绝对极小absolute orientation?绝对定向absolute parallax?绝对视差absolute precision?绝对精度absolute representation?绝对值表示法absolute temperature?绝对温度absolute value?绝对值absolute zero?绝对零度absorbed radiant flux?吸收辐射absorbed radiation?吸收辐射absorbent?吸收剂absorbing capacity?吸收能力absorbing complex?吸收性复合体absorptance?吸收系数absorption?吸收absorption band?吸收带absorption coefficient?吸收系数absorption curve?吸收曲线absorption factor?吸收因素absorption filter?吸收滤光片absorption of energy?能量吸收absorption of light?光吸收absorption spectrum?吸收光谱absorption surface?吸收面absorptive capacity?吸收本领absorptivity?吸收能力absorptivity emissivity ratio?吸收发射比abstract symbol?抽象符号abundance of isotopes?同位素的丰度abundance of the elements?元素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes?同位素的相对丰度abundant rainfall?过量降雨abyss?深渊abyssal?深海的abyssal basins?深海盆地abyssal benthos?深海底栖生物abyssal deposits?深海沉积物abyssal facies?深海相abyssal hill?深海丘陵abyssal plain?深海平原abyssal region?深海区abyssal sediment?深海沉积物abyssal zone?深海带acariasis?螨病acarinosis?螨病acaustobiolite?非可燃性生物岩accelerated erosion?加速侵蚀accelerated weathering?加速风化acceleration?加速度acceptance?接收acceptor?收体acceptor atom?受体原子acceptor bond?接体合accessory element?伴随元素accessory mineral?副次要accessory species?次要种accidental ejecta?外源喷出物accidental error?偶然误差accidental species?偶见种acclimatization?气候驯化acclivity?上行坡accompaniment element?伴生元素accordance of summit levels?峰顶面等高性accordant junction?协和汇流平齐汇流交合汇流accordant junction of streams?协合流accretion gley?淤积潜育层accumulated temperature?积温accumulation?堆积accumulation curve?累积曲线accumulation horizon?聚积层accumulation mountains?堆积山地accumulation of assimilationproducts?同化物累积accumulation of humus?腐殖质蓄积accumulation of organic matter?有机质堆积accumulative coast?堆积海岸accumulative relief?堆积地形accuracy?准确度accuracy of measurement?测定准确度acetic acid?醋酸acetic acid bacteria?醋酸菌acetic fermentation?醋酸发酵achromatic objective?消色差物镜achromatopsia?色盲acid alkaline barriers?酸碱障acid base balance?酸碱平衡acid base equilibrium?酸碱平衡acid brown forest soils?酸性棕色森林土acid earth?酸性白土acid fast bacteria?抗酸菌acid fastness?抗酸性acid fermentation?酸性发酵acid geochemical barrier?酸性地球化学障acid group?酸根acid humus?酸性腐殖质acid igneous rock?酸性火成岩acid medium?酸性介质acid peat soil?酸性泥炭土acid rain?酸雨acid residue?酸性残余物acid rock?酸性岩acid rocks?酸性岩acid soil?酸性土acid solution?酸性溶液acid spring?酸性泉acid tolerant species?耐酸品种acid value?酸值acidic lava?酸性熔岩acidification?酸化acidite?酸性岩acidity?酸度acidity of soil?土壤酸度acidoid?酸性胶体acidophile organisms?嗜酸有机体acidophilous plant?喜酸植物acidophyte?喜酸植物acidosis?酸中毒acidotrophic lake?酸性营养湖acidulation?酸化acotyledon?无子叶植物acquired character?获得特性acric ferralsols?强淋溶铁铝土acrisols?强淋溶土acrorthox?强酸性正常氧化土acrospore?顶生孢子acrox?高风化氧化土acstivation?夏眠actinium?锕actinolite schist?阳起片岩actinometer?日光辐射计actinometry?日射测定法actinomorphic?辐射对称的actinomycetes?放线菌actinomycosis?放线菌病action center of the atmosphere?大气活动中心action potential?动诅位activated adsorption?活化吸附activated complex?活化络合物activated sludge?活性污泥activated water?活化水activation analysis?活化分析activation energy?活化能activator?活化剂active acidity?活性酸度active cave?发展中洞穴active cirque?活动冰斗active fault?活断层active front?活跃锋active glacier?活冰川active group?活性基active humus?活性腐殖质active hydrogen?活性氢active layer?活动层active mud?活性淤泥active plate?移动板块active sensor?织式遥感器active soil formers?活性成土因素active substance?活性物质active volcano?活火山activity?活度activity coefficient?活度系数actual acidity?实际酸度actual size?实际尺寸acuity?敏锐acyclic compound?无环化合物adaptability?适应性adaptation?适应adaptive control?自适应控制adaptive histogram adjustment?适应性直方图蝶adaptive radiation?适应辐射addition subtraction diagram?加减图表additional survey?补充测量additive color mixture?加色混合additive color viewer?彩色合成仪additive constant?附加常数additive primaries?加色法原色additive process?加色处理address?地址adenosine triphosphoric acid?腺苷三磷酸adhesion?粘附adhesive capacity?粘附量adhesive force?粘附力adhesive water?粘附水adhesiveness?粘合性adiabat?绝热曲线adiabatic compression?绝热压缩adiabatic cooling?绝热冷却adiabatic curve?绝热曲线adiabatic equilibrium?绝热平衡adiabatic expansion?绝热膨胀adiabatic heating?绝热增温adiabatic process?绝热过程adiabatic state?绝热状态adiabatic temperature gradient?绝热温度梯度adion?吸附离子adjacent rock?围岩adjacent sea?边缘海adjoining rock?围岩adjoining sheet?相邻图幅adjustable crop calendar?可碉历adjustment?蝶adjustment computations?蝶计算adjustment in groups?分组蝶adjustment in one cast?整体蝶adjustment of the printing plate?上版administrative diagram?行政区划略图admixture?混合adobe?灰质粘土adobe soil?龟裂粘性土壤adret slope?向阳面山坡adsorbing capacity?吸附量adsorption?吸附adsorption barriers?吸附壁垒adsorption indicator?吸附指示剂adsorptive capacity?吸附能力advance of glacier?冰川前进advanced issue?临时版advanced microwave moisture sensor?高级微波水汽遥感器advanced surveying?高等测量学advection?平流advection fog?平另adventive crater?侧裂火山口advertising map?宣传图aeolian deposit?风成沉积层aeolian landform?风成地形aeolian processes?风成过程aeolian soil?风成土aerating root?呼吸根aeration?通风aeration porosity?通气孔隙度aeration tissue?通气组织aerenchyma?通气组织aerial arch?空鞍aerial archaeological discovery?空中考古发现aerial archaeology?航空考古学aerial film?航摄软片aerial forest survey?森林航空甸aerial mapping?航空测图aerial mapping methods?航空摄影法aerial overlap?航空摄重叠aerial photo detail transfer?航空象片细部转绘法aerial photo interpretation?航空象片判读aerial photogrammetry?航空摄影量aerial photograph?航空像片aerial photograph scale?航摄照片缩尺aerial photographic camera?航摄仪aerial photographic navigation?航摄领航aerial photographic reconnaissance?航空摄影勘察aerial photographic survey?航空摄影aerial photography?航空测量aerial photography craft?航摄飞机aerial root?气生根aerial ropeway?架空死aerial survey?航空摄影测量aerial triangulation?航空三角测量aerobic bacteria?好气细菌aerobic decomposition?好气分解aerobic fermentation?需气发酵aerobic metabolism?需氧代谢酌aerobiology?空气生物学aerobiosis?好氧生活aerocartograph?航空测图仪aerocartography?航空地图绘制学aeroclimate?高空气候aeroclimatology?高空气候学aerodrome?机场aerogeochemical prospecting?航空地球化学勘探aerogeography?航空地理学aerolite?石陨石aerolith?石陨石aerological diagram?高空图解aerology?高空气象学aerometeorograph?航空气象仪aerometeorology?航空气象学aeronautical meteorology?航空气象学aeronomy?高层大气物理学aerophotogeological map?航空摄影地质图aerophotograhic plan?航测平面图aerophotogrammetric survey?航空摄影甸aerophotogrammetry?航空摄影测量学aerophotograph?航空像片aerophotographic map?航摄地图aerophotographic sketch?航空像片略图aerophotography?航空摄影aerophototopography?航空摄影地形测量学aerophytes?气生植物aeroplane mapping?航空制图aeroplane photography?航空摄影aerosol spectrum?气溶胶光谱aerospace survey?宇航探索aerosurvey?航空测量aerotaxis?区性aerotopography?航空地形测量aerotriangulation?空中三角测量aerotropism?向氧性aeschynite?易解石aesthetic appreciation of map?美学aetiology?病原学affinity?亲和力afforestation?造林african armyworm?莎草粘虫after effect?后酌after ripening?后熟afterglow?余光军afterimage?残像aftermath?再生草aftershock?余震agate mortar?玛瑙研钵age class?龄级age determination?年代测定age of lake?湖龄age of landscape?景观年齿令age of lowered sealevel?低海面时期age of relief?地形年龄age of the earth?地球年龄age of tide?潮龄agent?因子ageostropic wind?非地转风agglomerate?集块岩agglomerate lava?集块熔岩agglomeration?集块agglutination?胶着aggradated plain?加积平原aggradation?填积aggradation island?加积岛aggradation plain?加积平原aggradational soils?加积土壤aggradational terrace?加积阶地aggraded valley?冲积河谷aggrading river?淤积河aggregate?集合体aggregate analysis?团聚体分析aggregate structure?团聚结构aggregation?聚集aggregation moisture?团聚化含水量aggressive water?侵蚀性水agitation?搅拌agitator?搅拌机agnotozoic era?元古代agpaite?钠质火成岩类agric horizon?耕足agricultral climatic regionalization?农业气候区划agricultual resource information system?农业资源信息系统agricultural climatology?农业气候学agricultural environment?农业环境agricultural evaluation on ground water?地下水农业评价agricultural geochemistry?农业地球化学agricultural geology?农业地质学agricultural geomorphology?农业地貌学agricultural hydrology?农业水文学agricultural map?农业地图agricultural melioration?农业土壤改良agricultural meteorology?农业气象学agricultural natural resource?农业自然资源agricultural pollutant?农业污染物agricultural products?农产品agricultural region?农业区agricultural regionalization?农业区划agricultural relief?农业地貌agricultural remote sensing?农业遥感agricultural resource?农业资源agricultural resource evaluation?农业资源评价agricultural resource monitor?农业资源监测agricultural vegetation index?农业植被指数agriculture?农学agro ecosystem?农业生态系统agro environmental information system?农业环境信息系统agroclimate?农业气候agroclimatic maps?农业气候图agroclimatology?农业气候学agroforestrial geology?农林地质学agrogeography?农业地理学agrogeology?农业地质学agrology?农业土壤学agromelioration?农业土壤改良agrometeorological forecast?农业气象预报agrometeorological index?农业气象指标agrometeorological observation?农业气象观测agrometeorology?农业气象学agronomical yield estimation?农学估产agrostology?草本学agrudalf?耕层湿淋溶土air avalanche?空气雪崩air content?含气量air current?气流air dry?风干的air dry sample?风干样品air dry weight?风干重air drying?风干air force base?空军基地air humidity?大气湿度air mapping aeroplane?航测飞机air mass?气团air mass analysis?气团分析air mass classification?气团分类air mass climatology?气团气候学air mass influx?气团岭air mass modification?气团变性air mass trajectory?气团轨迹air permeability?透气性air photographical survey?航空摄影甸air photography?空中摄影air pollution?空气污染air pollution monitoring?大气污染观测air port?航空港air pressure?气压air route?航线air saddle?空鞍air sea interaction?海气相互酌air shrinkage?空气收缩air temperature?气温air triangulation?空中三角测量air turbulence?大气湍流大气紊流airborne geochemicalprospecting?航空地球化学勘探airborne microorganisms?大气微生物airborne radar?空中雷达airborne remote sensing?航空遥感airborne sonar?空中声呐airfield?机场airline route map?航空线图alaskite?白岗岩albaqualf?漂白潮淋溶土albedo?反射率albedo of the earth?地球反射率albedometer?反射仪albic arenosols?漂白红砂土albic horizon?漂白层albic luvisols?漂白淋溶土albinism?白化albite?钠长石albitization?钠长石化alboll?漂白软土albumin?白蛋白alcohol thermometer?酒精温度计alcoholic fermentation?乙醇发酵aldehyde?醛alder?赤杨alder grove?赤杨林alder swamp forest?赤杨沼泽林aleurite?粉沙aleuritic clay?粉砂粘土aleurolite?粉砂岩alfisol?淋溶土algae?藻类algal limestone?藻灰岩algorithmic language?算法语言alicyclic compound?脂环化合物alicyclic series?脂环系alidade?照准部alien species?外源种alimentation?饲养aliphatic compound?脂族化合物alkali alumina metasomatism?碱铝交替alkali basalt?碱性玄武岩alkali granite?碱性花岗岩alkali lime index?碱石灰质指数alkali metal?碱金属alkali olivine basalt magma?碱性橄榄玄武岩岩浆alkali rock series?碱性岩系alkalic rock?碱性岩alkalic ultrabasic rock?碱性超基性岩alkalimeter?碱量计alkalimetry?碱量滴定法alkaline earth metal?碱土金属alkaline geochemical barrier?碱性地球化学障alkaline marsh?碱沼alkaline medium?碱性介质alkaline plant?适碱植物alkaline rock?碱性岩alkaline soil?碱性土alkaline solution?碱性溶液alkaline spring?碱性矿泉alkaline water?碱性水alkalinity?碱度alkalitrophic lake?碱性营养湖alkalization?碱化alkalized soil?碱化土alkaloid?生物碱alkalosis?碱中毒alkyl group?烷基allelopathy?相互影响allergen?变应原allergy?变应性allitic soil?富铝土allobar?变压区allochromatic color?假色allochthon?外来体allochthonic ground water?外源地下水allochthonous deposit?移积allochthonous fold?异地生成褶皱allochthonous peat?外来泥炭allochthonous river?外源河allochthonous soil?运生土allogenic element?他生元素allogenic succession?异发演替allopatric?在给发生的allopatry?异域性allophane?水铝英石allotriomorphic?他形的allotrope?同素异形体allotrophic lake?他养湖allotropic modification?同素异形体allotropism?同素异形allotropy?同素异形allowable error?容许误差alluvial?冲积的alluvial brown soil?棕色冲积土alluvial cone?冲积扇alluvial deposit?冲积层alluvial fan?冲积扇alluvial fan deposit?冲积扇层alluvial gold?砂金alluvial meadow soil?冲积性草甸土alluvial ore deposit?冲积矿床alluvial plains?冲积平原alluvial soil?冲积土alluvial terrace?冲积阶地alluvial valley?冲积河谷alluviation?冲积alluvium?冲积层almandine?铁铝榴石almandite?铁铝榴石alpha ray spectrometer?射线能谱仪alphitite?岩粉土alpine animal?高山动物alpine belt?高山带alpine carbonate raw soil?高山碳酸盐粗腐殖土alpine desert?高山荒漠alpine folding?阿尔卑斯褶皱alpine glacier?阿尔卑斯型高山冰川alpine glow?高山辉alpine humus soil?高山腐殖质土alpine meadow?高山草甸alpine plant?高山植物alpine silicated raw soil?高山硅酸盐粗骨土alpine soil?高山土壤alpine tundra?高山冻原alpine type of relief?高山地形alpine vegetation?高山植被alpine zone?高山带altazimuth?经纬仪alterated rocks?蚀变岩alteration?蚀变酌alteration halo?蚀变晕alteration mineral?蚀变矿物alteration of angles?角度畸变alteration zone?蚀变带alternation of beds?互层alternation of generations?世代交替alternation of strata?互层altimeter?测高计altimetric survey?高程测量altiplanation terraces?高山剥夷阶地altitude?高度altitude angle?高度角altitude datum?高程基准面altitude difference?高差altitude of the sun?太阳高度altitude traverse?高程线altitudinal belt?高度带altitudinal zonality?垂直分布带altitudinal zonality ofvegetation?高程植被带altocumulus?高积云altostratus?高层云alumina?矾土aluminite?矾石aluminium?铝aluminium deposit?铝矿床aluminium silicate?铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate?铝硅酸盐aluminum?铝alunite?茂石alunitization?茂石化alvar?矮灌木草地amazonite?天河石amazonstone?天河石amber?琥珀ambient noise?环境噪声amelioration?改进amelioration of low productivepaddy soils?低产水稻土的改良amensalism?偏害酌americium?镅amesite?镁绿泥石amictic lake?永久封冻湖amide?酰胺amine?胺amino acid?氨酸amino acid geochemistry method?氨基酸地球化学法amino acid geochronology?氨基酸年代学amino acid metabolism?氨基酸代谢ammine?氨合物ammoniate?氨合物ammonification?氨化ammonifier?氨化细菌ammonisation?氨化ammonium molybdate?钼酸铵ammonium phosphate?磷酸铵ammophos?安福粉amount of evaporation?蒸发量amount of infiltrating water?入渗水量amount of information?信息量amount of precipitation?降水量amount of throw?纵距amphibian?两栖类amphibious organisms?两栖生物amphibious plant?两栖植物amphibole?角闪石amphibolite?闪岩amphidromic point?无潮点amphigenite?白榴熔岩amphiphyte?两栖植物ampholyte?两性电解质ampholytoid?两性胶体amphoteric behavior?两性行为amphoteric colloid?两性胶体amphoteric element?两性元素amphoteric ion?两性离子amphoteric oxide?两性氧化物amplifier for photocurrents?光电僚大器amplitude information?幅度信息amylase?淀粉酶anabatic wind?山谷风anabiosis?复苏anabolism?同化酌anaerobe?嫌气微生物anaerobic bacteria?嫌气细菌anaerobic conditions?嫌气条件anaerobic decomposition?嫌气分解anaerobic fermentation?嫌气发酵anaerobic metabolism?不需氧代谢anaerobic organisms?嫌气有机体anaerobion?嫌气微生物anaerobiosis?嫌气生活anafront?上滑锋anagenesis?前进演化anaglyphic map?补色立体地图anaglyphographic photomap?互补色立体影象地图analcime?方沸石analcimite?方沸岩analcitite?方沸岩anallobar?正变压中心analog?类似analog digital conversion?模数转换analog digital converter?模拟数字转换器analog information?模拟信息analogue?类似analogy?相似analysis?分析analysis by sedimentation?沉降分析analysis by titration?滴定分析analysis model?分析模型analysis of covariance?协方差分析analysis of variance?方差分析analysis of weather map?天气图分析analytic character?分析特性analytic map?解析地图analytic photogrammetry?解析摄影测量analytical aerial triangulation?解析空中三角测量analytical balance?分析天平analytical geochemistry?分析地球化学analytical method?分析方法analytical model?分析模型analytical plotter?解析测图仪analytical thematic map?解析肘地图anamesite?中粒玄武岩anatexis?深溶酌anchor ice?底冰ancient glaciation?古代冰川酌ancient lake mire?湖泊排水的沼泽ancient platform?古地台ancient sediments?古代沉积物andept?火山灰始成土andesine?中长石andesite?安山岩andesite line?安山岩线andic cambisols?暗色始成土andosols?暗色土anemia?贫血anemochores?风播植物anemochorous plants?风播植物anemochory?风播anemogram?风力自记曲线anemograph?风速计anemology?测风学anemometer?风速表anemometry?风速测定法anemophilous flower?风媒花anemophilous plant?风媒植物anemophily?风媒anemorumbograph?风向风速计anemorumbometer?凤向风速计anemothermometer?风速风温计aneroid barograph?空盒气压计aneroid barometer?空盒气压表aneroidograph?无液气压记录器angiosperms?被子植物angle equation?角方程angle of attachment?闭合角angle of bank?曲折角angle of direction?方位角angle of divergence?发散角angle of emergence?出射角angle of field?视场角angle of incidence?入射角angle of inclination?倾斜角angle of obliquity?倾斜角angle of pitch?府仰角angle of reflection?反射角angle of refraction?折射角angle of rotation?旋转角angle resolution?角分辨率anglesite?硫酸铅矿angular blocky structure?角块状结构angular deviation?角度偏差angular difference?角度不符值angular distance?角距angular distortion?角度畸变angular error?角度误差angular fold?尖褶皱angular measurement?角度观测angular unconformity?斜交不整合angular variation?角变化angulate drainage pattern?角状水系anhydrite?硬石膏anhydrous ammonia?无水氨animal debris?动物残屑animal husbandry?畜牧业animal remains?动物残屑animal resting place vegetation?牲畜休息地植被animal sociology?动物社会学animated mapping?动画地图制作animation?动画anion exchange?阴离子交换anionogenic element?阴离子基因元素anisotropism?蛤异性anisotropy?蛤异性ankaramite?富辉橄玄岩ankaratrite?黄橄霞玄岩ankerite?铁白云石annual?一年生植物annual aberration?周年光行差annual amount of precipitation?年雨量annual change?年变化annual flow?年径流annual march?年变程annual mean?年平均annual parallax?周年视差annual plant?一年生植物annual range?年较差annual ring?年轮annual runoff?年径流annual storage?年蓄水量annual variation?年变化annual zone?生长轮annular pattern?环状水系anomalous field?异常场anomalous geochemical gradient?异常地球化学梯度anomaly?异常anomaly in alluvium?冲积物异常anomaly in colluvium?塌积物异常anomaly in residual?残积异常anomaly ratio?异常比anorthite?钙长石anorthitite?钙长岩anorthoclase?歪长石anorthosite?斜长岩anosmia?嗅觉缺失antagonism?拮抗antagonist?对抗剂antarctic?南极antarctic air?南极气团antarctic anticyclone?南极反气旋antarctic belt?南极带antarctic circle?南极圈antarctic climate?南极气候antarctic continent?南极大陆antarctic faunistic region?南极动物区antarctic front?南极锋antarctic high?南极反气旋antarctic regions?南极区antarctic zone?南极带antarctica?南极大陆antecedent drainage?先成水系antecedent precipitation index?前期降水量指数antecedent river?先成河antecedent river network?先成水系antecedent stream?早期河流antecedent valley?先成谷anteklise?台背斜anthophyte?有花植物anthracite?无烟煤anthraconite?沥青灰岩anthrax bacillus?炭疽杆菌anthraxolite?碳沥青anthraxylon?纯木煤anthropic epipedon?耕醉层anthropic soil?人为土壤anthropochores?人播草anthropochorous plants?人播草anthropochory?人为传播anthropoclimatology?人类气候学anthropogene?人类纪anthropogenesis?人类发生anthropogenic factor?人为因素anthropogenic influence?人类影响anthropogenic landscape?人为景观anthropogenic load?人为负载anthropogenic pollution?人为污染anthropogenic soil?人为土壤anthropogenic succession?人为演替anthropogeography?人类地理学anthropological remote sensing?人类学遥感anthropology?人类学anthropophyte?人为植物anthroposphere?人类圈antiaircraft weapon position?防空兵企地antibacterial spectrum?抗细菌性光谱antiballistic missile system?反弹道导弹系统antibiosis?抗生antibodies?抗体anticlinal axis?背斜轴anticlinal fault?背斜断层anticlinal fold?背斜褶皱anticlinal limb?背斜翼anticlinal mountain?背斜脊anticlinal ridge?背斜脊anticlinal trap?背斜圈闭anticlinal valley?背斜谷anticlinorium?复背斜anticoagulant?抗凝剂anticyclogenesis?反气旋发生anticyclolysis?反气旋消散anticyclone?反气旋anticyclonic eddy?反气旋涡旋anticyclonic inversion?反气旋逆温anticylonic vortex?反气旋涡旋antierosion measures?防侵蚀措施antiform?背斜形态antimeridian?反面子午线antimonite?辉锑矿antimonsoon?反季风antimony deposit?锑矿床antinodes?波腹antiseptic?防腐剂antithyroid substance?抗甲状腺物质antitoxin?抗毒素antitrade wind?反信风antitrades?反信风antitriptic current?减速流antitriptic wind?摩擦风antitwilight?反曙暮光anvil cloud?砧状云apatite?磷灰石apex of anticline?背斜顶aphanitic texture?隐晶结构aphelion?远日点aphotic zone?无光带aphylactic projection?任意投影aphylly?无叶性apiculture?养蜂aplite?细晶岩aplogranite?淡云花岗岩apochromatic lens?复消色差镜头apogamy?无配生殖apogee?远地点apogee altitude?远地点高度apolar adsorption?非极性吸附apophyte?固有栽培植物apophytic plants?固有栽培植物apparatus?仪器频apparent density?表观密度apparent dip?视倾斜apparent heave?视平错apparent horizon?视地平apparent resistivity?视在电阻率apparent wind?视风appearance of maps?地图整饰apple coal?软煤applied climatology?应用气候学applied geochemistry?应用地球化学applied geomorphology?应用地形学applied hydrology?应用水文学applied meteorology?应用气象学appreciation?评价approximate analysis?近似分析approximate calculation?概算approximate coordinate?近似坐标approximate value?近似值aqualf?潮淋溶土aquatic animals?水栖动物aquatic life?水生生物aquatic organism?水生生物aquatic plants?水生植物aquatic products industry?水产业aquatic vegetation?水生植被aquent?潮新成土aqueoglacial deposits?冰水沉积物aqueous deposit?水成沉积aqueous rock?水成岩aqueous soil?水成土aqueous solution?水溶液aquept?潮始成土aquiclude?弱透水层aquifer?蓄水层aquiferous?含水的aquifuge?不透水层aquitard?半透水层aquod?潮灰土aquoll?潮软土aquox?潮氧化土aquult?潮老成土arable?可耕的arable land?耕地arable layer?耕层arable soil?可耕土壤arachnida?蛛形纲aragonite?霰石arber?乔木arbitrary projection?任意投影arbovirus?虫媒病毒arc of compression?压缩弧arc of folding?压缩弧arch dam?拱坝arch gravity dam?重力拱坝archaeocyte?原始细胞archaeohydrology?考古水文学archaeological culture?考古学文化archaeological remote sensing?考古遥感archaeological remote sensor?考古遥感器archaeological site?考古遗址archaeopteryx?始祖鸟archean?太古代的arched mountains?穹形山archeozoic?太古代的archeozoic era?太古代archipelago?群岛arctic?北极地区arctic air?北极气团arctic air mass?北极气团arctic circle?北极圈arctic climate?北极气候arctic desert?北极荒漠arctic desert zone?北极荒漠带arctic front?北极锋arctic high?北极高压arctic mire?极地沼泽arctic plants?极地植物arctic polygon desert?北极多边形荒漠arctic soil?极地土壤arctic subregion?北极亚区arctic tundra?北极冻原arctic zone?北极带arctoalpine?北极高山的arcuate delta?弧形三角洲arcuate structure?弧形构造arcuate tectonic belt?弧形构造带area?地区area aerial photography?区域航空摄影area color?背景色area computation?面积计算area distortion?面积变形area eruption?区城喷溢area measuring equipment?面积测量设备area method?区域法area of artesian flow?自霖区area of influence?影响面积area pattern?面状要素area survey?面积测量area target?地区目标area under crops?播种面积area weighted average resolution?面积加权平均分辨率areal rainfall depth?地域平均雨量areal survey?分段测量arenaceous quartz?石英砂arenaceous shale?砂质页岩arenopelitic?砂泥质的arenosols?红砂土arent?耕种混合新成土argialboll?粘化漂白软土argiaquoll?粘化潮软土argiboroll?粘化极地软土argil?白土argillaceous rock?泥质岩argillic horizon?粘化层argillite?泥板岩argillization?泥化argit?粘化旱成土argiudoll?粘化湿软土argiustoll?粘化干软土argon?氩arid climate?干燥气候arid cycle?干燥周期arid cycle of erosion?干燥侵蚀循环arid geomorphic cycle?干燥地貌旋回arid landforms?干燥地形arid region?干燥区arid soil?旱境土壤aridisol?旱成土aridity?干燥度aridity index?干燥指数arithmetic mean?算术平均arithmetical unit?运算器运算部件arkose?长石砂岩aromatic base crude oil?芳香基原油aromatic plant?芳香植物arrangement?配置array processor?阵列处理机arrow?箭头arsenic?砷arsenic pollution?砷污染arsenopyrite?毒砂arterial drainage?排水干渠系统artesian aquifer?自连水层artesian basin?自联盆地artesian ground water?自霖下水artesian head?承压水头artesian pressure?自凉力artesian water?自廉水artesian well?自廉arthritis?关节炎arthropoda?节肢动物artiad?偶价元素articular rheumatism?关节风湿病artificial climate?人工气候artificial culture media?人工培养基artificial drainage system?人工排水系统artificial earth satellite?人造卫星artificial earthquake?人为地震artificial forest regeneration?森林人工更新artificial ground target?航测地面标志artificial ground water?人工地下水artificial intelligence?人工智能artificial manure?堆肥artificial mineral?人造矿物artificial pollination?人工授粉artificial precipitation?人工降水量artificial radioactive element?人工放射元素artificial radioactive nuclide?人工放射性核素artificial radioactivity?人工放射性artificial rain?人造降雨artificial recharge?人工补给artificial satellite?人造卫星artificial sea water?人造海水artificial selection?人工选择artificial soil?人工土壤artificial sub irrigation?人工地下灌溉artificial water application?人工供水asbestos?石棉asbestos deposit?石棉矿床asbolane?钴土矿asbolite?钴土矿ascend curve?上升曲线ascending air current?上升气流ascending development?上升发展ascending node?升交点ascending water?上升水ascharite?硼镁石asexual generation?无性世代asexual reproduction?无性生殖ash cloud?尘云ash cone?凝灰火山锥ash content?灰分含量ash fall?火山灰下降ash forest?秦手ash shower?火山灰下降ashless filter?无灰滤纸asiatic schistosomiasis?日本血吸虫病aspect?季相aspect ratio?纵横比aspen?白杨aspen forest?白杨林asphalt?地沥青asphaltic pyrobitumen?焦性沥青asphaltite?沥青岩aspiration psychrometer?吸气式湿度计assemblage?集合assemble?集合assembly area?集结地域assessment of yield capacity ofsoil?土地评价assimilability?可同化性assimilate?同化物assimilation?同化酌assistentrenched meander?嵌入曲流深切曲流assisttrade wind desert?信风沙漠associated species?伴生种association?群丛association complex?群丛复合体association table?群丛表astatic magnetometer?无定向磁力计astatine?砹astenosphere?软力astro geodetic net adjustment?天文大地网平差astro geodetic network?天文大地网astrograph?天体摄影仪astrolabe?等高仪astrometry?天体测量学astronautics?宇宙航行学astronomic point?天文点astronomic theodolite?天文经纬仪astronomical azimuth?天文方位角astronomical coordinate system?天文坐标系astronomical coordinates?天文坐标astronomical geodesy?天文大地测量学astronomical levelling?天文水准测量astronomical longitude?天文经度astronomical meridian?天文子午线astronomical objective?天文对物镜astronomical unit?天文单位astronomy?天文学astrophotography?天体摄影学asymmetric carbon atom?不对称碳原子asymmetric fold?不对称褶皱asymmetrical anticline?不对称背斜asymmetrical ridge?不对称山脊asymmetrical valley?不对称谷asymmetry of relief?地形的不对称性asymptote?渐近线asynapsis?不联会asyndesis?不联会atavism?返祖atlantic time?大误期atlas?地图集atlas cartography?地图集制图学atlas dummy?图集装帧样本atlas grid?图集位置指示格网atlas leaf?地图集图页atlas of morbidity?发病率地图册atlas type?地图集类型atmometer?蒸发表atmophile elements?亲气元素atmosphere?大气圈atmospheric absorption?大气吸收atmospheric air?大气atmospheric attenuation?大气衰减atmospheric attenuation correction?大气衰减订正atmospheric circulation?大气循环atmospheric condensation?大气凝结atmospheric disturbance?大气扰动atmospheric dust?大气尘埃atmospheric electricity?大气电atmospheric factor?大气因素atmospheric front?大气锋atmospheric humidity?大气湿度atmospheric ion?大气离子atmospheric perturbations?大气扰动atmospheric phenomenon?大气现象atmospheric pollution?大气污染atmospheric pressure?气压atmospheric radiation?大气辐射atmospheric refraction?大气折射atmospheric remote sensing?大气遥感atmospheric rock?气成岩atmospheric sounding?大气探测atmospheric stability?大气稳定性atmospheric swamp?天然沼泽atmospheric transmittance?大气透过率atmospheric turbulence?湍馏气atmospheric wave?大气波atoll?环礁atoll lake?环礁湖atomic adsorption spectrometry?原子吸收分光光度法atomic arrangement?原子排列atomic bond?原子键atomic disintegration?原子蜕变atomic energy level?原子能级atomic group?原子团atomic mass unit?原子质量单位atomic number?原子序数atomic orbital function?原子轨函数atomic radius?原子半径atomic ratio?原子比atomic size?原子大小atomic spectrum?原子光谱atomic structure?原子结构atomic unit?原子单位atomic volume?原子体积atomic weight?原子量atomism?原子论atomistics?原子论atomizer?喷雾器atrio?火口原atrio lake?火口原湖attached ground water?附着地下水attached island?陆系岛attenuation coefficient?衰减系数attenuator?衰减器attraction?引力attractive wave?引力波attribute?属性attrition?磨损aubrite?顽火无球粒陨石aufeis?积冰augen gneiss?眼状片麻岩augen structure?眼状构造auger?土钻augite?辉石augitite?辉石岩augmented matrix?增广矩阵aureole?接触变质带auripigment?雌黄aurora?极光auroral zone?极光带autecology?个体生态学authigenesis?自生酌authigenic element?自生元素authigenic mineral?自生矿物authigenous mineral?自生矿物autocartograph?自动测图仪autochorous?自布的autochthonous deposit?原地沉积autochthonous stream?原地河autoclastic rock?自碎岩autocorrelation coefficient?自相关系数autocovariance?自协方差autogenic succession?自发演替autograph?立体测图仪autographometer?自动地形仪automated cartographicgeneralization?自动制图综合automated cartographic system?自动制图系统automated draughting?自动绘图。
地理专业英语词汇教育版
abiotic adj.非生物的ablation n.消融abundant adj.丰富的;充足的abyssal adj.深不可测的abyssal plain n.深海平原accompany vt.陪伴;伴随accumulation n.堆积作用acid rain n.酸雨acres lost each year n.每年失去英亩数administer vt.管理;实施;执行Adriatic adj.亚得里亚海Aegean n.爱琴海aerospaceplane n.航天飞机aerosphere n.大气层afforestation n.造林Agenda 21 n.21世纪议程aggregate n.聚集agricultural modernization n.农业现代化agricultural system n.农业系统agriculture n.农业air mass n.气团air transport n.水路运输air flows and air masses n.气流和气团air pollution n.空气污染airport n.航空港Allah n.（回教语）安拉,真主alluvial fan n.冲积扇alluvial plain n.冲积平原Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉alternation n.改变;变更altitude n.高度Amazon n.亚马孙河Amazon Basin n.亚马孙平原anabatic winds n.上升气流风Andes Mountains n.安第斯山脉angular speed n.角速度Antarctic Area n.南极地区anticyclone n.反气旋aphelion n.远日点Appalachian Mountains n.阿巴拉契亚山脉aquatic n.水生的Aral Sea n.咸海(中亚西亚地区) arctic adj.北极的Arctic Area n.北极地区arctic maritime adj.北极海洋的（ma）arid n.干旱arid environment n.干旱环境arid zones n.干旱地带artificial island n.人工岛asthenosphere n.软流圈atmosphere n.大气圈，大气atmospheric pressure n.气压atmospheric motion n.大气运动atoll n.环状珊瑚岛；环礁atoms n.原子Australia n.澳大利亚Austria n.奥地利autumnal equinox n.秋分axis n.轴;地轴Azores high n.亚速尔高压Baikal n.贝加尔湖balance n.平衡Balkan Peninsula adj.巴尔干半岛Baltic Sea n.波罗的海Bangladesh n.孟加拉国barchan n.新月形沙丘basaltic adj.玄武岩的basin n.盆地bayou/estuary n.河口bed width n.河床宽度Berlin n.柏林Biosphere n.生物圈biotic adj.生物的birth rate n.出生率births n.出生Black Sea n.黑海bluffs n.悬崖Bombay n.孟买Brazil n.巴西Brazilian Highlands n.巴西高原breast feeding n.哺乳喂养Brisilia n.巴西利亚Bruno n.布鲁诺buckling and faulting n.弯曲和断层Buddha n.佛Buddhism n.佛教Bulgaria n.保加利亚Burma n.缅甸Calcutta n.加尔各答Cambodia n.柬埔寨Canberra n.堪培拉canyon n.峡谷Cape of Good Hope n.好望角carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳carbon monoxide n.一氧化碳Caribbean Sea n.加勒比海carnivores n.食肉动物cash farming n.商品农业Caspian Sea n.里海cattle n.牲畜cattle ranching n.牧牛Caucasus Range n.大高加索山脉celestial body n.天体changes in daylight and darkness n.晨昏交替Chicago n.芝加哥Christianity n.基督教chromosphere n.色球circle of illumination n.晨昏线cirques, aretes, horns and U-shaped valleys n.冰斗、刃岭、角峰和U形山谷clearing showers n.晴朗阵雨climate n.气候clockwise n.顺时针coast n.海岸coastal plain n.滨海平原coastal zone n.海岸带coastline n.海岸线cold current n.寒流cold front n.冷锋cold wave n.寒潮combustion n.燃烧comet n.彗星commerce n.商业中心commercial center n.国际贸易commercial route n.商业通道communication and transportation n.交通运输commuters n.通勤者competition n.竞争components of population changen.人口组成的变化comprise v.包含；构成concentration n.集中condensation n.凝结condensation and lapse rates n . 凝结作用和递减率conduction n.传导conflict vi.冲突;争执congested adj.拥挤的coniferous adj.松柏科的；针叶科的continental adj.大陆性的continental crust n.大陆地壳continental drift n.大陆飘移continental shelf n.大陆架continuous adj.连续的controls on weathering n.控制风化作用convection n.对流convergence n.辐合cooperation n.合作Copernicus n.哥白尼core n.地核Coriolis force n.科氏力counterclockwise n.逆时针counter-urbanization n.逆城市化Croatia n.克罗地亚crude birth rate n.自然出生率crude death rate n.自然死亡率crust n.地壳crystal shape n.晶体crystals n.水晶cultivated land n.耕地cumulonimbus n.积雨云current n.水流;气流cut-off n.截断cyclone n.气旋cyclonic adj.气旋的cyclonic disturbances n.气旋的扰动Czech n.捷克人dairy farming n. 乳畜业dam n.大坝Danube n.多瑙河daytime sea breeze n.日间海风De revolutionibus orbium coelestium n.天体运行论Dead Sea n.死海Deccan plateau n.德干高原decomposer n.分解者deforestation n.森林砍伐degrading n.降低deindustrialization n.后工业化deity n.神,神性delta n.三角洲delta plain n.三角洲平原density n.密度deposition n.沉积depression n.低气压depression n.凹陷;凹陷处depression belt n.低压带descending plate n.下降板块destruction of the tropical rainforest n.热带雨林的破坏detritivores n.食腐动物, 食碎屑者developing world city n.发展中的世界城市dew-point n.露点diameter n.直径differentiate vt.区分direct solar radiation n.太阳直射disastrous n.灾难性的discharge n.流量discontinuous adj.不连续的distribution of arid and semi-arid environment n.干旱和半干旱环境的分布divergence n.辐散.diverse adj.不同的diversified adj.多样化的diversity n.多样性dolomite n.白云石downpour n.倾盆大雨downwind adj.顺风的drift n.漂流droplet n.小滴dry-hot wind n.干热风dune n.沙丘dwellings n.居住earth n.地球earth revolution n.地球公转earth rotation n.地球自转earthquake n.地震earth's axis n.地轴East Asia n.东亚ebb n.退潮ecliptic plane / earth's orbit plane n.黄道ecological service n.生态服务economic increase n.经济增长economy n.经济ecosystem n.生态系统effect of friction n.摩檫力作用Egypt n.埃及electromagnetic wave n.电磁波element n.要素elevation n.海拔ellipse n.椭圆England n.英国environment n. 环境environmental issue n.环境污染environmental logo n.环境标志environmental pollution n.生态破坏environmental protection n.环境保护equator n.赤道equatorial low n.赤道低压equatorial though n.赤道低压槽equinox n.春分;秋分erosion n.侵蚀establish vt.建立Ethiopia n.埃塞俄比亚Ethiopian adj.埃塞俄比亚的Euphrates n.幼发拉底河Eurasian adj.欧亚(大陆)的European Union(EU) n.欧洲联盟evaporation n.蒸发evergreen adj.长绿的exchange of energy between earth and atmosphere n.地球和大气层之间的能量的交换exclusive economic zone n.专属经济区exploit vt.开采开发extensive farming n.粗放农业extinct adj.以熄灭的extragalactic system n.河外星系factors of agricultural location n.农业区位因素factors of industrial location n.工业区位因素factors of urban location n.城市区位因素farming outputs n.农业产出farming inputs n.农业投入fault n.断层fertile adj.肥沃的fertility n.肥力；出生率financial center n.金融中心first quarter moon n.上弦月fish farming n.渔业fishing ground n.渔场flatten v.变平float vi.漂浮floodplain n.泛滥平原fog n.雾fohn effect n.焚风作用fohn winds n.焚风fold n.褶皱fold mountains n.褶皱山地formation of precipitation n.降水的形成formulate vt. 规划;设计fossil n.化石France n.法国freeze-thaw n.冻融；冻土－解冻frigid zone n.寒带front n.锋frontal surface n.锋面frontal rain n.锋面雨frost n.霜冻frozen soil n.冻土Fuji-san n.富士山full moon n.满月；望月fumes n.烟雾fungi n.真菌Galaxy n.银河系gale n.狂风Galileo n.伽利略Ganges n.恒河gaseous adj.气体的general atmospheric circulation n.大气环流geological processes n.地质作用geological disaster n.地质灾害geological time n.地质时期geomorphy n.地貌geostrophic wind n.地转风Germany n.德国glacial age n.冰期glacial deposition n.冰川沉积glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀glaciate vt. 使结冰;以冰覆盖glaciation n.冰川作用glacier n.冰川global circulation models n.全球环流模式global warming n. 全球变暖gobi n.戈壁gorge n.峡谷gradient n.坡度gradient wind n.梯度风granular n.粒状Great Rift Valley n.大裂谷Greece n.希腊Green revolution n.绿色革命greenhouse effect n.大气保温效应greenhouse effect n.温室效应Greenland n.格陵兰岛Greenwich Observatory n.格林尼治天文台Gross National Product （GNP）n.国民生产总值gulf n.海湾Gulf of Genoa n.热那亚湾Gulf of Mexico n.墨西哥湾gutters n.排水沟handicraft industry n.手工业harmonize v.使协调一致heliocentric theory n.日心说helmet n.头盔hemisphere n.半球herbivores n.食草动物hierarchy n.等级high pressure n.高压highway transportation n.公路运输Himalayas n.喜马拉雅山脉Hokkaido n.北海道岛hollow adj.空的horizontal n.地平线housing problem n.住房问题how winds are steered in the upper atmosphere n.在大气上层风是怎样进行human and economic factors n.人文及经济因素humidity n.湿度humification n.腐殖化hurricane n.飓风hydroelectric adj.水力电气的hydroelectric power plant n.水力发电站hydrosphere n.（地）水圈Ice sheet n.（地）大冰原；冰盾；冰盖immigration n.迁进；外来居民impact n.影响increase v.增加Indian n.印度Indochina Peninsula n.中南半岛Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚Indus River n.印度河industrial concentration n.工业集聚industrial dispersion n.工业分散industrial location n.工业区位industrialization n.工业化industry n.工业infant n.婴儿infertile adj.不肥沃的innovation n.革新input-output system n.投入－产出系统intensive farming n.集约农业intermittent showers n.阵international adj.国际的international trade n.金融中心internet n.商业intervene vi.介乎于…其间ionosphere n.电离层Iran n.伊朗Iraq n.伊拉克irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗Islam n.伊斯兰教island arcs n.岛弧Island Shikoku n.四国岛isobar n.等压线isotherms n.等温线Israel n.以色列Italy n.意大利Japan n.日本Java n.爪哇岛Jerusalem n.耶路撒冷Jordan n.约旦Judaism n. 犹太教Jupiter n.木星Jurassic adj.侏罗纪的，侏罗系的Karst n.喀斯特地貌katabatic wind n.下降气流风Kenya n.肯尼亚Kepler n.开普勒Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山Kobe n.神户Kuwait n.科威特Kyushu n.九州岛labour n.劳动力lag time n.延迟时间lagoon n.泻湖Lake Erie n.伊利湖Lake Huron n.休伦湖Lake Michigan n.密歇根湖Lake Ontario n.安大略湖Lake Superior n.苏比利尔湖land n.土地land and ocean changes n.海陆变迁land and sea breezes n.陆地和海洋的微风land and water distribution n.海陆分布land degradation and desertification n.土地退化和沙漠化landform n.地形landforms produced by glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀形成的地形landmark n.陆标;地界标landslide n.滑坡Laos n.老挝Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度layer n.层；圈层leeward n.下风Liechtenstein adj.列支敦士登的light-year n.光年limestone n.石灰石linear speed n.线速度lithosphere n.（地）岩石圈，地壳local wind n.区域风；局地风location n.区位logging n.伐木London n.伦敦Longitude n.经度Los Angeles n.洛杉矶low pressure n.低压low-latitude (tropical)weather systems n.低纬度（热带）天气系统low-lying adj.低的lunar year n.农历macula n.太阳黑子Madagascar n.马达加斯加岛magma rock n.岩浆岩magnetic field n.磁场magnetic storm n.磁暴main factors and processes affecting population size and distribution n.影响人口大小和分布的主要因素和过程mainland n.大陆maintain v.维持;建立；majority n.大多数;过半数Makkah n.麦加Malay Archipelago n.马来群岛Malaysia n.马来西亚man-earth relationship n.人地关系manned spaceship n.载人飞船mantle n.地幔Mariana Trench n.马里亚纳海沟marine adj.海的；海中的maritime n.海洋maritime climate n.海洋性气候market n.市场Mars n.火星marsh n.沼泽massive adj.巨大的;大块的mean density n.平均密度meanders n.曲流mediterranean adj.地中海的Mediterranean Sea n.地中海Mediterranean zone n.地中海带Mekong River n.湄公河meltwater n.融雪水Mercury n.水星meridian n.经线mesa n.台地mesosphere n.散逸层、中间层metagalaxy n.总星系；宇宙metamorphic rock n.变质岩metamorphism n.变质作用meteoroid n.流星体midday n.正午middle and high latitudes n.中、高纬度Middle Asia n.中亚Middle East n.中东mid-latitude cyclonic belt n.中纬度气旋带mid-latitude weather systems n.中纬度的天气系统midnight n.午夜migration n.迁移military adj.军事的;军用的mineral n.矿物Mississippi n.密西西比河mixed farming n.混合农业mode of transport n.运输方式modern agriculture n.现代农业Moho n.莫霍面molecules n.分子monogamy n.一夫一妻制monsoon n.季风;雨季moraines n.冰碛morphology of the urban heat island n.城市热岛地形mortality n.死亡率Moscow n.莫斯科moss n.苔,藓Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰mountain and valley winds n.山地和山谷风mountaineering n.登山mud-rock flow n.泥石流nationality n.民族natural resource n.自然资源natural zone n.自然带navigate v.航行;航海nebula n.星云needle leaves n.针叶Neptune n.海王星Netherlands n.荷兰New Delhi n.新德里new moon n.朔月new towns and green belts n.新城镇和绿带New York n.纽约newly rising industry n.新兴工业Nigeria n.尼日利亚Nile n.尼罗河nitrogen n.氮Noah's Ark n.诺亚方舟nocturnal land breeze n.夜间陆地风noise pollution n.噪声污染nomadism n.游牧non-commercial adj.非商业的North Asia n.北亚North Pole n.北极north-east monsoon n.东北季风Norway n.挪威noxious adj.有害的nuclear adj. (核)核子的;原子能的nuclear fusion reaction n.核聚变oasis n.绿洲Ob n. 鄂毕河oblate adj.（数）椭圆的；扁圆的；oblique adj.斜的occluded front n.锢囚锋occupy v.占据;占有ocean current n.洋流ocean ridges n.洋脊omnivores n.杂食动物optimum population n.最佳人口orbit n.(天体等)运行轨道organic substance n.有机物organism n.生物organization n.组织origin n.起源Osaka n.大阪outer core n.外地核out-migration n.迁出outwash n.冲刷overpopulation n.人口过剩overtaking v.超越ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox-bow lake n.牛轭湖oxygen n.氧ozone n.臭氧ozonosphere n.臭氧层paddy field n.水田Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Pamirs n.帕米尔高原Pampas n.南美大草原，潘帕斯草原Panama Canal n.巴拿马运河parallel n.纬线Paris n.巴黎pastoral farming n.畜牧业pasture n.牧场penguin n.企鹅peninsula n.半岛perihelion n.对流层顶periods of growth n.增长的周期perpendicular adj.垂直的Persian adj.波斯的,波斯人Persian Gulf n.波斯湾Persist n.持续Pesticide n.杀虫剂phases of the moon n.月相photochemical adj.光化学的Photosphere n.日冕photosynthesis n.光合作用phreatic water n. 潜水；地下水physical factors n.自然因素pigment n.色素pipeline transport n.航空运输plain n.平原Planalto do Brasil n.巴西高原planet n.行星plantations n.种植plants n.植物plate n.板块plate tectonic theory n.板块构造学说plate tectonics n.板块构造plateau n.高原Pluto n.冥王星polar circle n.极圈polar continental adj.极地大陆的polar high n.极地高压polar maritime adj.极地海洋的（mp）polar night n.极昼Polar Plat n.南极高原polar region n.极区；极地pollutant n.污染物pollution n.污染pond as an ecosystem n.作为一个生态系统的水塘pools and riffles n.池沼和浅滩population density n.人口密度population distribution and change n.人口分布和变化population explosion n.人口爆炸population growth n.人口增长population policy n.人口政策population pressure n.人口压力population size and distribution factors n.人口大小和分布populous adj.人口密集的port n.港口precipitation n.降水量;雨量precipitation patterns n.降水类型pressure gradient n.气压梯度pressure low n.低（气）压pressure high n.高（气）压pressure-gradient force n.压力梯度力prevailing wind n.盛行风prime meridian n.本初子午线primitive farming n.原始农业prisere n.演替productivity n.生产力promote v.提升protection n.保护Pyramid n.金字塔quality n.质量race n.种族radiation and sunshine n.辐射和日照railway transportation n.铁路运输rainforest n.热带雨林rainstorm n.暴风雨raw materials n.原料ray n.射线;光线reclamation n.开垦Red Sea n.红海relationship n.关系religion n.宗教residential area n.居住区resource n.资源revolution n.绕转;旋转;旋转一周revolution cycle n.公转周期Rhine n.莱茵河rice farming n.水稻种植业ridge v.使成脊；使降起riffle n.浅滩rill n.小溪Rio de Janerio n.里约热内卢river channel n.河道river's load n.河流搬运rock n.岩石Rocky Mountains n.落基山脉Roma n.罗马Romania n.罗马尼亚rotation n.旋转;旋转一周rotation cycle n.自周期Rotterdam n.鹿特丹runoff n.径流rural area n.乡村Rural Settlement n.乡村聚落Russia n.俄罗斯Sahara n.撒哈拉Sahara Desert n.撒哈拉沙漠Saint Petersburg n.圣彼得堡salinity n.盐分;盐度San Francisco n.圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）sand dunes in hot deserts n.热沙漠的沙丘sandstorm n.沙尘暴satellite n.卫星satellite town n.卫星城saturated vapour pressure n.饱和蒸汽压Saturn n.土星Saudi Arabia n.沙特阿拉伯Savannas n.热带稀树草原Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚scary n.断崖scattered adj.分散的scrub n.灌木林seal n.海豹sea-level n.海平面seaport n.海港;港口都市seasonal variation in river flow :the regime n.河流季节变化：变律sediment rock n.沉积岩sedimentary deposit n.沉积物sedimentation n.沉积作用seismic adj.地震的semitropical adj.副热带的;亚热带的settlement n.聚落shallow beach n.浅滩shell n.壳side beach n.边滩sidereal day n.恒星日sidereal year n.恒星年signatory n.签约国silted up n.淤积sima n.硅镁层Singapore n.新加坡site n.地点situation n.位置sleet shower n.降雨雪Slovakia n.斯洛伐克slums n.贫民区socio-economic determinants n.社会－经济的决定因素soil n.土壤soil erosion n.水土流失soil profile n.土壤剖面solar activity n.太阳活动solar altitude n.太阳高度Solar Constant n.太阳常数solar day n.太阳日solar energy n.太阳能solar flare n.耀斑solar radiation n.太阳辐射solar system n.太阳系solid shape n.固态solid inner core n.固体内核solstice n.至日；至点South Asia n.南亚South Pole n.（地）南极Southeast Asia n.东南亚south-west monsoon n.西南季风space explorer n.空间探测器space shuttle n.航天飞机space station n.航天站sparse adj.稀少的sparsely adv.稀疏的,稀少的species n.种;类spin v.快速旋转;回旋split v.分开,分离spring equinox n.春分star n.恒星stature n.身材steppe n.干草原strait n.地峡;海峡Strait of Gibraltar n.直布罗陀海峡Strait of Malacca n.马六甲海峡stratosphere n.平流层；同温层structure of the air above the urban area n.城市地区上空空气的结构subduction n.俯冲作用subpolar low n.副极地低压sub-Saharan Africa n.撒哈拉以南的非洲subsiding n.下沉subsistence agriculture n.自给农业subsolar point n.太阳直射点subtropical high n.副热带高压sub-tropical highs n.亚热带高气压succession n.演替Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河Sumatra n.苏门答腊岛summer solstice n.夏至summit n.顶点sun n.太阳sunlight hours n.日照小时sunlit adj.太阳照射的superenergy electronic particles n.高能带电粒子sustainable development n.可持续发展Sweden n.瑞典Switzerland n.瑞士Sydney n.悉尼tall grasses n.高草Tasmania n.塔斯马尼亚岛tectonic plate n.地壳构造板块Tectonic plate dirft n.板块漂移telescope n.天文望远镜temperate coniferous forest n.温带针叶林temperate deciduous broadleaf forest n.温带落叶阔叶林temperate deciduous woodland n.温带落叶林地temperate grasslands (steppe) n.温带草原（干草原)temperate zone n.温带temperature n.温度Tethys n.古地中海,特提斯海Thailand n.泰国the effect of city morphology on radiation received at the surface n.城市地貌对地表接受辐射的影响theories of plate motions and oceans ridges n.板块运动和大洋中脊理论thermal n.热的thermosphere n.热成层；电离层third quarter moon n.下弦月Three Gorges Dam n.三峡大坝thunder n.雷thunderstorms n.雷暴雨Tibet Plateau n.青藏高原tidal size n.潮汐大小tide and the tidal cycle n.潮汐和潮周期Tigris n.底格里斯河till n.冰碛物time zone n.时区Tokyo n.东京torrents n.山洪total fertility rate n.总的出生率trade-wind n.信风traditional farming n.传统农业traffic problems n.交通问题transitional adj.过渡的transport n.交通运输transport line n.管道运输transport junction /transport network n.交通运输网transportation n.运输transportation artery n.运输要道treatment n.处置,处理;治疗treaty n.条约;谈判trench n.海沟tributary n.支流trophic pyramid n. 营养（食物）金字塔tropic n.回归线Tropic of Cancer n.北回归线Tropic of Capricorn n.南回归线tropic zone n.热带tropical continental adj.热带大陆的tropical cyclone n.旋风;飓风;气旋；热带气旋tropical disturbances n.热带扰动tropical maritime adj.热带海洋的tropical rainforest n.热带雨林tropical semi-arid n.热带的半干旱tropical year n.回归年tropicalplant n.热带植物troposphere n.对流层tundra n.(北极地区的)冻原;苔原tundra belt n.苔原带turbulence n.湍流Turkey Strait n.土耳其海峡typhoon n.(气)台风Ukraine n.乌克兰ultraviolet ray n.紫外线underlying surface n.下垫面underneath n.在…下面undernourished adj.营养不良的underpopulation n.人口不足United Nations n.联合国United States n.美国uplift n.上升upper mantle n.上地幔upstream n.上游Ural Mountains n.乌拉尔山Uranus n.天王星urban heat island n.城市热岛urban microclimates n.城市小气候urban planning n.城市规划urban problems n.城市问题urban road network n.城市道路网urban settlement n.城市聚落urbanization n.城市化urban-rural shift n.城市－乡村迁移utilization n.利用varied adj.多变的vegetation n.植物vegetation cover n.植被覆盖Venus n.金星vernal adj.春天的vertical stratification n.垂直的分层vessel n.血管;脉管Vienna n.维也纳Vietnam n.越南views of population growth n.人口增长观点vigorous adj.有力的Vladivostok n.夫拉迪乌克托克volcano n.火山Volga n.伏尔加河volume n.体积warm current n.暖流warm front n.暖锋warm front approaches n.暖锋临近warm sector n.暖区Washington n.华盛顿wash-load n.冲积物water circulation n.水循环water level n.水位water source n.水资源water vapor n.水蒸汽waterfall n.瀑布waterway n.排水道waves and tides n.波浪和潮汐weapon n.武器weather n.天气weather associated with a depression n.与低压有关的天气weather forecast n.天气预报weather system n.天气系统weathering n.风化作用West Asia n.西亚West Siberian Plain n.西西伯利亚高原westerlies n.西风带wet and dry tropics n.湿润的和干燥的热带whale n.鲸;捕鲸wind v.弯曲windward adj.上风的，迎风的winter n.冬天winter solstice n.冬至world distribution n.世界分布World Trade Organization n.世界贸易组织X ray n. X射线xerophytes n.旱生植物zonetime n.区时γ ray n. γ射线。
地理专业词汇英语翻译
地理专业词汇英语翻译(A-B)a horizon腐殖堆积层aa lava块熔岩abandoned field撩荒地abandoned lands撩荒地abandoned mine废弃矿山abandoned shoreline旧岸线aberration像差abiogenesis自然发生abiotic factor非生物因素ablation水蚀ablation moraine消融冰碛abnormality反常aboriginal土着的abrasion海蚀abrasion platform浪蚀台地abrasion shore浪蚀海岸abrasion surface浪蚀面abrasion terrace海蚀阶地abrasive研磨剂abrupt slope陡坡abrupt textural change质地突变abscissa横坐标absolute age绝对年龄absolute age determination绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude绝对高度absolute amplitude绝对振幅absolute chronology绝对年代absolute convergence绝对收敛absolute dating绝对年代测定absolute error绝对误差absolute extremes绝对极值absolute geochronology绝对地质年代学absolute geopotential绝对重力势absolute gravity绝对重力absolute humidity绝对湿度absolute instability绝对不稳定性absolute maximum绝对极大absolute measure绝对尺度absolute minimum绝对极小absolute orientation绝对定向absolute parallax绝对视差absolute precision绝对精度absolute representation绝对值表示法absolute temperature绝对温度absolute value绝对值absolute zero绝对零度absorbed radiant flux吸收辐射absorbed radiation吸收辐射absorbent吸收剂absorbing capacity吸收能力absorbing complex吸收性复合体absorptance吸收系数absorption吸收absorption band吸收带absorption coefficient吸收系数absorption curve吸收曲线absorption factor吸收因素absorption filter吸收滤光片absorption of energy能量吸收absorption of light光吸收absorption spectrum吸收光谱absorption surface吸收面absorptive capacity吸收本领absorptivity吸收能力absorptivity emissivity ratio吸收发射比abstract symbol抽象符号abundance of isotopes同位素的丰度abundance of the elements元素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes同位素的相对丰度abundant rainfall过量降雨abyss深渊abyssal深海的abyssal basins深海盆地abyssal benthos深海底栖生物abyssal deposits深海沉积物abyssal facies深海相abyssal hill深海丘陵abyssal plain深海平原abyssal region深海区abyssal sediment深海沉积物abyssal zone深海带acariasis螨病acarinosis螨病acaustobiolite非可燃性生物岩accelerated erosion加速侵蚀accelerated weathering加速风化acceleration加速度acceptance接收acceptor收体acceptor atom受体原子acceptor bond接体合accessory element伴随元素accessory mineral副次要accessory species次要种accidental ejecta外源喷出物accidental error偶然误差accidental species偶见种acclimatization气候驯化acclivity上行坡accompaniment element伴生元素accordance of summit levels峰顶面等高性accordant junction协和汇流平齐汇流交合汇流accordant junction of streams协合流accretion gley淤积潜育层accumulated temperature积温accumulation堆积accumulation curve累积曲线accumulation horizon聚积层accumulation mountains堆积山地accumulation of assimilationproducts同化物累积accumulation of humus腐殖质蓄积accumulation of organic matter有机质堆积accumulative coast堆积海岸accumulative relief堆积地形accuracy准确度accuracy of measurement测定准确度Word 资料acetic acid醋酸acetic acid bacteria醋酸菌acetic fermentation醋酸发酵achromatic objective消色差物镜achromatopsia色盲acid alkaline barriers酸碱障acid base balance酸碱平衡acid base equilibrium酸碱平衡acid brown forest soils酸性棕色森林土acid earth酸性白土acid fast bacteria抗酸菌acid fastness抗酸性acid fermentation酸性发酵acid geochemical barrier酸性地球化学障acid group酸根acid humus酸性腐殖质acid igneous rock酸性火成岩acid medium酸性介质acid peat soil酸性泥炭土acid rain酸雨acid residue酸性残余物acid rock酸性岩acid rocks酸性岩acid soil酸性土acid solution酸性溶液acid spring酸性泉acid tolerant species耐酸品种acid value酸值acidic lava酸性熔岩acidification酸化acidite酸性岩acidity酸度acidity of soil土壤酸度acidoid酸性胶体acidophile organisms嗜酸有机体acidophilous plant喜酸植物acidophyte喜酸植物acidosis酸中毒acidotrophic lake酸性营养湖acidulation酸化acotyledon无子叶植物acquired character获得特性acric ferralsols强淋溶铁铝土acrisols强淋溶土acrorthox强酸性正常氧化土acrospore顶生孢子acrox高风化氧化土acstivation夏眠actinium锕actinolite schist阳起片岩actinometer日光辐射计actinometry日射测定法actinomorphic辐射对称的actinomycetes放线菌actinomycosis放线菌病action center of the atmosphere大气活动中心action potential动诅位activated adsorption活化吸附activated complex活化络合物activated sludge活性污泥activated water活化水activation analysis活化分析activation energy活化能activator活化剂active acidity活性酸度active cave发展中洞穴active cirque活动冰斗active fault活断层active front活跃锋active glacier活冰川active group活性基active humus活性腐殖质active hydrogen活性氢active layer活动层active mud活性淤泥active plate移动板块active sensor织式遥感器active soil formers活性成土因素active substance活性物质active volcano活火山activity活度activity coefficient活度系数actual acidity实际酸度actual size实际尺寸acuity敏锐acyclic compound无环化合物adaptability适应性adaptation适应adaptive control自适应控制adaptive histogram adjustment适应性直图蝶adaptive radiation适应辐射addition subtraction diagram加减图表additional survey补充测量additive color mixture加色混合additive color viewer彩色合成仪additive constant附加常数additive primaries加色法原色additive process加色处理address地址adenosine triphosphoric acid腺苷三磷酸adhesion粘附adhesive capacity粘附量adhesive force粘附力adhesive water粘附水adhesiveness粘合性adiabat绝热曲线adiabatic compression绝热压缩adiabatic cooling绝热冷却adiabatic curve绝热曲线adiabatic equilibrium绝热平衡adiabatic expansion绝热膨胀adiabatic heating绝热增温adiabatic process绝热过程adiabatic state绝热状态adiabatic temperature gradient绝热温度梯度adion吸附离子adjacent rock围岩adjacent sea边缘海adjoining rock围岩adjoining sheet相邻图幅adjustable crop calendar可碉历adjustment蝶adjustment computations蝶计算adjustment in groups分组蝶adjustment in one cast整体蝶adjustment of the printing plate上版administrative diagram行政区划略图admixture混合adobe灰质粘土Word 资料adobe soil龟裂粘性土壤adret slope向阳面山坡adsorbing capacity吸附量adsorption吸附adsorption barriers吸附壁垒adsorption indicator吸附指示剂adsorptive capacity吸附能力advance of glacier冰川前进advanced issue临时版advanced microwave moisture sensor高级微波水汽遥感器advanced surveying高等测量学advection平流advection fog平另adventive crater侧裂火山口advertising map宣传图aeolian deposit风成沉积层aeolian landform风成地形aeolian processes风成过程aeolian soil风成土aerating root呼吸根aeration通风aeration porosity通气隙度aeration tissue通气组织aerenchyma通气组织aerial arch空鞍aerial archaeological discovery空中考古发现aerial archaeology航空考古学aerial film航摄软片aerial forest survey森林航空甸aerial mapping航空测图aerial mapping methods航空摄影法aerial overlap航空摄重叠aerial photo detail transfer航空象片细部转绘法aerial photo interpretation航空象片判读aerial photogrammetry航空摄影量aerial photograph航空像片aerial photograph scale航摄照片缩尺aerial photographic camera航摄仪aerial photographic navigation航摄领航aerial photographicreconnaissance航空摄影勘察aerial photographic survey航空摄影aerial photography航空测量aerial photography craft航摄飞机aerial root气生根aerial ropeway架空死aerial survey航空摄影测量aerial triangulation航空三角测量aerobic bacteria好气细菌aerobic decomposition好气分解aerobic fermentation需气发酵aerobic metabolism需氧代酌aerobiology空气生物学aerobiosis好氧生活aerocartograph航空测图仪aerocartography航空地图绘制学aeroclimate高空气候aeroclimatology高空气候学aerodrome机场aerogeochemical prospecting航空地球化学勘探aerogeography航空地理学aerolite陨aerolith陨aerological diagram高空图解aerology高空气象学aerometeorograph航空气象仪aerometeorology航空气象学aeronautical meteorology航空气象学aeronomy高层大气物理学aerophotogeological map航空摄影地质图aerophotograhic plan航测平面图aerophotogrammetric survey航空摄影甸aerophotogrammetry航空摄影测量学aerophotograph航空像片aerophotographic map航摄地图aerophotographic sketch航空像片略图aerophotography航空摄影aerophototopography航空摄影地形测量学aerophytes气生植物aeroplane mapping航空制图aeroplane photography航空摄影aerosol spectrum气溶胶光谱aerospace survey宇航探索aerosurvey航空测量aerotaxis区性aerotopography航空地形测量aerotriangulation空中三角测量aerotropism向氧性aeschynite易解aesthetic appreciation of map美学aetiology病原学affinity亲和力afforestation造林african armyworm莎草粘虫after effect后酌after ripening后熟afterglow余光军afterimage残像aftermath再生草aftershock余震agate mortar玛瑙研钵age class龄级age determination年代测定age of lake湖龄age of landscape景观年齿令age of lowered sealevel低海面时期age of relief地形年龄age of the earth地球年龄age of tide潮龄agent因子ageostropic wind非地转风agglomerate集块岩agglomerate lava集块熔岩agglomeration集块agglutination胶着aggradated plain加积平原aggradation填积aggradation island加积岛aggradation plain加积平原aggradational soils加积土壤aggradational terrace加积阶地aggraded valley冲积河谷Word 资料aggrading river淤积河aggregate集合体aggregate analysis团聚体分析aggregate structure团聚结构aggregation聚集aggregation moisture团聚化含水量aggressive water侵蚀性水agitation搅拌agitator搅拌机agnotozoic era元古代agpaite钠质火成岩类agric horizon耕足agricultral climatic regionalization农业气候区划agricultual resource information system农业资源信息系统agricultural climatology农业气候学agricultural environment农业环境agricultural evaluation on ground water地下水农业评价agricultural geochemistry农业地球化学agricultural geology农业地质学agricultural geomorphology农业地貌学agricultural hydrology农业水文学agricultural map农业地图agricultural melioration农业土壤改良agricultural meteorology农业气象学agricultural natural resource农业自然资源agricultural pollutant农业污染物agricultural products农产品agricultural region农业区agricultural regionalization农业区划agricultural relief农业地貌agricultural remote sensing农业遥感agricultural resource农业资源agricultural resource evaluation农业资源评价agricultural resource monitor农业资源监测agricultural vegetation index农业植被指数agriculture农学agro ecosystem农业生态系统agro environmental informationsystem农业环境信息系统agroclimate农业气候agroclimatic maps农业气候图agroclimatology农业气候学agroforestrial geology农林地质学agrogeography农业地理学agrogeology农业地质学agrology农业土壤学agromelioration农业土壤改良agrometeorological forecast农业气象预报agrometeorological index农业气象指标agrometeorological observation农业气象观测agrometeorology农业气象学agronomical yield estimation农学估产agrostology草本学agrudalf耕层湿淋溶土air avalanche空气雪崩air content含气量air current气流air dry风干的air dry sample风干样品air dry weight风干重air drying风干air force base空军基地air humidity大气湿度air mapping aeroplane航测飞机air mass气团air mass analysis气团分析air mass classification气团分类air mass climatology气团气候学air mass influx气团岭air mass modification气团变性air mass trajectory气团轨迹air permeability透气性air photographical survey航空摄影甸air photography空中摄影air pollution空气污染air pollution monitoring大气污染观测air port航空港air pressure气压air route航线air saddle空鞍air sea interaction海气相互酌air shrinkage空气收缩air temperature气温air triangulation空中三角测量air turbulence大气湍流大气紊流airborne geochemicalprospecting航空地球化学勘探airborne microorganisms大气微生物airborne radar空中雷达airborne remote sensing航空遥感airborne sonar空中声呐airfield机场airline route map航空线图alaskite白岗岩albaqualf漂白潮淋溶土albedo反射率albedo of the earth地球反射率albedometer反射仪albic arenosols漂白红砂土albic horizon漂白层albic luvisols漂白淋溶土albinism白化albite钠长albitization钠长化alboll漂白软土albumin白蛋白alcohol thermometer酒精温度计alcoholic fermentation乙醇发酵aldehyde醛alder赤alder grove赤林alder swamp forest赤沼泽林aleurite粉沙aleuritic clay粉砂粘土aleurolite粉砂岩alfisol淋溶土Word 资料algae藻类algal limestone藻灰岩algorithmic language算法语言alicyclic compound脂环化合物alicyclic series脂环系alidade照准部alien species外源种alimentation饲养aliphatic compound脂族化合物alkali alumina metasomatism碱铝交替alkali basalt碱性玄武岩alkali granite碱性花岗岩alkali lime index碱灰质指数alkali metal碱金属alkali olivine basalt magma碱性橄榄玄武岩岩浆alkali rock series碱性岩系alkalic rock碱性岩alkalic ultrabasic rock碱性超基性岩alkalimeter碱量计alkalimetry碱量滴定法alkaline earth metal碱土金属alkaline geochemical barrier碱性地球化学障alkaline marsh碱沼alkaline medium碱性介质alkaline plant适碱植物alkaline rock碱性岩alkaline soil碱性土alkaline solution碱性溶液alkaline spring碱性矿泉alkaline water碱性水alkalinity碱度alkalitrophic lake碱性营养湖alkalization碱化alkalized soil碱化土alkaloid生物碱alkalosis碱中毒alkyl group烷基allelopathy相互影响allergen变应原allergy变应性allitic soil富铝土allobar变压区allochromatic color假色allochthon外来体allochthonic ground water外源地下水allochthonous deposit移积allochthonous fold异地生成褶皱allochthonous peat外来泥炭allochthonous river外源河allochthonous soil运生土allogenic element他生元素allogenic succession异发演替allopatric在给发生的allopatry异域性allophane水铝英allotriomorphic他形的allotrope同素异形体allotrophic lake他养湖allotropic modification同素异形体allotropism同素异形allotropy同素异形allowable error容误差alluvial冲积的alluvial brown soil棕色冲积土alluvial cone冲积扇alluvial deposit冲积层alluvial fan冲积扇alluvial fan deposit冲积扇层alluvial gold砂金alluvial meadow soil冲积性草甸土alluvial ore deposit冲积矿床alluvial plains冲积平原alluvial soil冲积土alluvial terrace冲积阶地alluvial valley冲积河谷alluviation冲积alluvium冲积层almandine铁铝榴almandite铁铝榴alpha ray spectrometer射线能谱仪alphitite岩粉土alpine animal高山动物alpine belt高山带alpine carbonate raw soil高山碳酸盐粗腐殖土alpine desert高山荒漠alpine folding阿尔卑斯褶皱alpine glacier阿尔卑斯型高山冰川alpine glow高山辉alpine humus soil高山腐殖质土alpine meadow高山草甸alpine plant高山植物alpine silicated raw soil高山硅酸盐粗骨土alpine soil高山土壤alpine tundra高山冻原alpine type of relief高山地形alpine vegetation高山植被alpine zone高山带altazimuth经纬仪alterated rocks蚀变岩alteration蚀变酌alteration halo蚀变晕alteration mineral蚀变矿物alteration of angles角度畸变alteration zone蚀变带alternation of beds互层alternation of generations世代交替alternation of strata互层altimeter测高计altimetric survey高程测量altiplanation terraces高山剥夷阶地altitude高度altitude angle高度角altitude datum高程基准面altitude difference高差altitude of the sun太阳高度altitude traverse高程线altitudinal belt高度带altitudinal zonality垂直分布带altitudinal zonality of vegetation高程植被带altocumulus高积云altostratus高层云alumina矾土aluminite矾aluminium铝aluminium deposit铝矿床aluminium silicate铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate铝硅酸盐aluminum铝alunite茂Word 资料alunitization茂化alvar矮灌木草地amazonite天河amazonstone天河amber琥珀ambient noise环境噪声amelioration改进amelioration of low productive paddy soils低产水稻土的改良amensalism偏害酌americium镅amesite镁绿泥amictic lake永久封冻湖amide酰胺amine胺amino acid氨酸amino acid geochemistry method氨基酸地球化学法amino acid geochronology氨基酸年代学amino acid metabolism氨基酸代ammine氨合物ammoniate氨合物ammonification氨化ammonifier氨化细菌ammonisation氨化ammonium molybdate钼酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammophos安福粉amount of evaporation蒸发量amount of infiltrating water入渗水量amount of information信息量amount of precipitation降水量amount of throw纵距amphibian两栖类amphibious organisms两栖生物amphibious plant两栖植物amphibole角闪amphibolite闪岩amphidromic point无潮点amphigenite白榴熔岩amphiphyte两栖植物ampholyte两性电解质ampholytoid两性胶体amphoteric behavior两性行为amphoteric colloid两性胶体amphoteric element两性元素amphoteric ion两性离子amphoteric oxide两性氧化物amplifier for photocurrents光电僚大器amplitude information幅度信息amylase淀粉酶anabatic wind山谷风anabiosis复anabolism同化酌anaerobe嫌气微生物anaerobic bacteria嫌气细菌anaerobic conditions嫌气条件anaerobic decomposition嫌气分解anaerobic fermentation嫌气发酵anaerobic metabolism不需氧代anaerobic organisms嫌气有机体anaerobion嫌气微生物anaerobiosis嫌气生活anafront上滑锋anagenesis前进演化anaglyphic map补色立体地图anaglyphographic photomap互补色立体影象地图analcime沸analcimite沸岩analcitite沸岩anallobar正变压中心analog类似analog digital conversion模数转换analog digital converter模拟数字转换器analog information模拟信息analogue类似analogy相似analysis分析analysis by sedimentation沉降分析analysis by titration滴定分析analysis model分析模型analysis of covariance协差分析analysis of variance差分析analysis of weather map天气图分析analytic character分析特性analytic map解析地图analytic photogrammetry解析摄影测量analytical aerial triangulation解析空中三角测量analytical balance分析天平analytical geochemistry分析地球化学analytical method分析法analytical model分析模型analytical plotter解析测图仪analytical thematic map解析肘地图anamesite中粒玄武岩anatexis深溶酌anchor ice底冰ancient glaciation古代冰川酌ancient lake mire湖泊排水的沼泽ancient platform古地台ancient sediments古代沉积物andept火山灰始成土andesine中长andesite安山岩andesite line安山岩线andic cambisols暗色始成土andosols暗色土anemia贫血anemochores风播植物anemochorous plants风播植物anemochory风播anemogram风力自记曲线anemograph风速计anemology测风学anemometer风速表anemometry风速测定法anemophilous flower风媒花anemophilous plant风媒植物anemophily风媒anemorumbograph风向风速计anemorumbometer凤向风速计anemothermometer风速风温计aneroid barograph空盒气压计aneroid barometer空盒气压表aneroidograph无液气压记录器angiosperms被子植物angle equation角程Word 资料angle of attachment闭合角angle of bank曲折角angle of direction位角angle of divergence发散角angle of emergence出射角angle of field视场角angle of incidence入射角angle of inclination倾斜角angle of obliquity倾斜角angle of pitch府仰角angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of rotation旋转角angle resolution角分辨率anglesite硫酸铅矿angular blocky structure角块状结构angular deviation角度偏差angular difference角度不符值angular distance角距angular distortion角度畸变angular error角度误差angular fold尖褶皱angular measurement角度观测angular unconformity斜交不整合angular variation角变化angulate drainage pattern角状水系anhydrite硬膏anhydrous ammonia无水氨animal debris动物残屑animal husbandry畜牧业animal remains动物残屑animal resting place vegetation牲畜休息地植被animal sociology动物社会学animated mapping动画地图制作animation动画anion exchange阴离子交换anionogenic element阴离子基因元素anisotropism蛤异性anisotropy蛤异性ankaramite富辉橄玄岩ankaratrite黄橄霞玄岩ankerite铁白云annual一年生植物annual aberration年光行差annual amount of precipitation年雨量annual change年变化annual flow年径流annual march年变程annual mean年平均annual parallax年视差annual plant一年生植物annual range年较差annual ring年轮annual runoff年径流annual storage年蓄水量annual variation年变化annual zone生长轮annular pattern环状水系anomalous field异常场anomalous geochemicalgradient异常地球化学梯度anomaly异常anomaly in alluvium冲积物异常anomaly in colluvium塌积物异常anomaly in residual残积异常anomaly ratio异常比anorthite钙长anorthitite钙长岩anorthoclase歪长anorthosite斜长岩anosmia嗅觉缺失antagonism拮抗antagonist对抗剂antarctic南极antarctic air南极气团antarctic anticyclone南极反气旋antarctic belt南极带antarctic circle南极圈antarctic climate南极气候antarctic continent南极大陆antarctic faunistic region南极动物区antarctic front南极锋antarctic high南极反气旋antarctic regions南极区antarctic zone南极带antarctica南极大陆antecedent drainage先成水系antecedent precipitation index前期降水量指数antecedent river先成河antecedent river network先成水系antecedent stream早期河流antecedent valley先成谷anteklise台背斜anthophyte有花植物anthracite无烟煤anthraconite沥青灰岩anthrax bacillus炭疽杆菌anthraxolite碳沥青anthraxylon纯木煤anthropic epipedon耕醉层anthropic soil人为土壤anthropochores人播草anthropochorous plants人播草anthropochory人为传播anthropoclimatology人类气候学anthropogene人类纪anthropogenesis人类发生anthropogenic factor人为因素anthropogenic influence人类影响anthropogenic landscape人为景观anthropogenic load人为负载anthropogenic pollution人为污染anthropogenic soil人为土壤anthropogenic succession人为演替anthropogeography人类地理学anthropological remote sensing人类学遥感anthropology人类学anthropophyte人为植物anthroposphere人类圈antiaircraft weapon position防空兵企地antibacterial spectrum抗细菌性光谱antiballistic missile system反弹道导弹系统antibiosis抗生antibodies抗体anticlinal axis背斜轴anticlinal fault背斜断层Word 资料anticlinal fold背斜褶皱anticlinal limb背斜翼anticlinal mountain背斜脊anticlinal ridge背斜脊anticlinal trap背斜圈闭anticlinal valley背斜谷anticlinorium复背斜anticoagulant抗凝剂anticyclogenesis反气旋发生anticyclolysis反气旋消散anticyclone反气旋anticyclonic eddy反气旋涡旋anticyclonic inversion反气旋逆温anticylonic vortex反气旋涡旋antierosion measures防侵蚀措施antiform背斜形态antimeridian反面子午线antimonite辉锑矿antimonsoon反季风antimony deposit锑矿床antinodes波腹antiseptic防腐剂antithyroid substance抗甲状腺物质antitoxin抗毒素antitrade wind反信风antitrades反信风antitriptic current减速流antitriptic wind摩擦风antitwilight反曙暮光anvil cloud砧状云apatite磷灰apex of anticline背斜顶aphanitic texture隐晶结构aphelion远日点aphotic zone无光带aphylactic projection任意投影aphylly无叶性apiculture养蜂aplite细晶岩aplogranite淡云花岗岩apochromatic lens复消色差镜头apogamy无配生殖apogee远地点apogee altitude远地点高度apolar adsorption非极性吸附apophyte固有栽培植物apophytic plants固有栽培植物apparatus仪器频apparent density表观密度apparent dip视倾斜apparent heave视平错apparent horizon视地平apparent resistivity视在电阻率apparent wind视风appearance of maps地图整饰apple coal软煤applied climatology应用气候学applied geochemistry应用地球化学applied geomorphology应用地形学applied hydrology应用水文学applied meteorology应用气象学appreciation评价approximate analysis近似分析approximate calculation概算approximate coordinate近似坐标approximate value近似值aqualf潮淋溶土aquatic animals水栖动物aquatic life水生生物aquatic organism水生生物aquatic plants水生植物aquatic products industry水产业aquatic vegetation水生植被aquent潮新成土aqueoglacial deposits冰水沉积物aqueous deposit水成沉积aqueous rock水成岩aqueous soil水成土aqueous solution水溶液aquept潮始成土aquiclude弱透水层aquifer蓄水层aquiferous含水的aquifuge不透水层aquitard半透水层aquod潮灰土aquoll潮软土aquox潮氧化土aquult潮老成土arable可耕的arable land耕地arable layer耕层arable soil可耕土壤arachnida蛛形纲aragonite霰arber乔木arbitrary projection任意投影arbovirus虫媒病毒arc of compression压缩弧arc of folding压缩弧arch dam拱坝arch gravity dam重力拱坝archaeocyte原始细胞archaeohydrology考古水文学archaeological culture考古学文化archaeological remote sensing考古遥感archaeological remote sensor考古遥感器archaeological site考古遗址archaeopteryx始祖鸟archean太古代的arched mountains穹形山archeozoic太古代的archeozoic era太古代archipelago群岛arctic北极地区arctic air北极气团arctic air mass北极气团arctic circle北极圈arctic climate北极气候arctic desert北极荒漠arctic desert zone北极荒漠带arctic front北极锋arctic high北极高压arctic mire极地沼泽arctic plants极地植物arctic polygon desert北极多边形荒漠arctic soil极地土壤arctic subregion北极亚区arctic tundra北极冻原arctic zone北极带arctoalpine北极高山的arcuate delta弧形三角洲Word 资料arcuate structure弧形构造arcuate tectonic belt弧形构造带area地区area aerial photography区域航空摄影area color背景色area computation面积计算area distortion面积变形area eruption区城喷溢area measuring equipment面积测量设备area method区域法area of artesian flow自霖区area of influence影响面积area pattern面状要素area survey面积测量area target地区目标area under crops播种面积area weighted average resolution面积加权平均分辨率areal rainfall depth地域平均雨量areal survey分段测量arenaceous quartz英砂arenaceous shale砂质页岩arenopelitic砂泥质的arenosols红砂土arent耕种混合新成土argialboll粘化漂白软土argiaquoll粘化潮软土argiboroll粘化极地软土argil白土argillaceous rock泥质岩argillic horizon粘化层argillite泥板岩argillization泥化argit粘化旱成土argiudoll粘化湿软土argiustoll粘化干软土argon氩arid climate干燥气候arid cycle干燥期arid cycle of erosion干燥侵蚀循环arid geomorphic cycle干燥地貌旋回arid landforms干燥地形arid region干燥区arid soil旱境土壤aridisol旱成土aridity干燥度aridity index干燥指数arithmetic mean算术平均arithmetical unit运算器运算部件arkose长砂岩aromatic base crude oil芳香基原油aromatic plant芳香植物arrangement配置array processor阵列处理机arrow箭头arsenic砷arsenic pollution砷污染arsenopyrite毒砂arterial drainage排水干渠系统artesian aquifer自连水层artesian basin自联盆地artesian ground water自霖下水artesian head承压水头artesian pressure自凉力artesian water自廉水artesian well自廉arthritis关节炎arthropoda节肢动物artiad偶价元素articular rheumatism关节风湿病artificial climate人工气候artificial culture media人工培养基artificial drainage system人工排水系统artificial earth satellite人造卫星artificial earthquake人为地震artificial forest regeneration森林人工更新artificial ground target航测地面标志artificial ground water人工地下水artificial intelligence人工智能artificial manure堆肥artificial mineral人造矿物artificial pollination人工授粉artificial precipitation人工降水量artificial radioactive element人工放射元素artificial radioactive nuclide人工放射性核素artificial radioactivity人工放射性artificial rain人造降雨artificial recharge人工补给artificial satellite人造卫星artificial sea water人造海水artificial selection人工选择artificial soil人工土壤artificial sub irrigation人工地下灌溉artificial water application人工供水asbestos棉asbestos deposit棉矿床asbolane钴土矿asbolite钴土矿ascend curve上升曲线ascending air current上升气流ascending development上升发展ascending node升交点ascending water上升水ascharite硼镁asexual generation无性世代asexual reproduction无性生殖ash cloud尘云ash cone凝灰火山锥ash content灰分含量ash fall火山灰下降ash forest手ash shower火山灰下降ashless filter无灰滤纸asiatic schistosomiasis日本血吸虫病aspect季相aspect ratio纵横比aspen白aspen forest白林asphalt地沥青asphaltic pyrobitumen焦性沥青asphaltite沥青岩aspiration psychrometer吸气式湿度计assemblage集合assemble集合assembly area集结地域assessment of yield capacity ofsoil土地评价Word 资料assimilability可同化性assimilate同化物assimilation同化酌assistentrenched meander嵌入曲流深切曲流assisttrade wind desert信风沙漠associated species伴生种association群丛association complex群丛复合体association table群丛表astatic magnetometer无定向磁力计astatine砹astenosphere软力astro geodetic net adjustment天文大地网平差astro geodetic network天文大地网astrograph天体摄影仪astrolabe等高仪astrometry天体测量学astronautics宇宙航行学astronomic point天文点astronomic theodolite天文经纬仪astronomical azimuth天文位角astronomical coordinate system天文坐标系astronomical coordinates天文坐标astronomical geodesy天文大地测量学astronomical levelling天文水准测量astronomical longitude天文经度astronomical meridian天文子午线astronomical objective天文对物镜astronomical unit天文单位astronomy天文学astrophotography天体摄影学asymmetric carbon atom不对称碳原子asymmetric fold不对称褶皱asymmetrical anticline不对称背斜asymmetrical ridge不对称山脊asymmetrical valley不对称谷asymmetry of relief地形的不对称性asymptote渐近线asynapsis不联会asyndesis不联会atavism返祖atlantic time大误期atlas地图集atlas cartography地图集制图学atlas dummy图集装帧样本atlas grid图集位置指示格网atlas leaf地图集图页atlas of morbidity发病率地图册atlas type地图集类型atmometer蒸发表atmophile elements亲气元素atmosphere大气圈atmospheric absorption大气吸收atmospheric air大气atmospheric attenuation大气衰减atmospheric attenuationcorrection大气衰减订正atmospheric circulation大气循环atmospheric condensation大气凝结atmospheric disturbance大气扰动atmospheric dust大气尘埃atmospheric electricity大气电atmospheric factor大气因素atmospheric front大气锋atmospheric humidity大气湿度atmospheric ion大气离子atmospheric perturbations大气扰动atmospheric phenomenon大气现象atmospheric pollution大气污染atmospheric pressure气压atmospheric radiation大气辐射atmospheric refraction大气折射atmospheric remote sensing大气遥感atmospheric rock气成岩atmospheric sounding大气探测atmospheric stability大气稳定性atmospheric swamp天然沼泽atmospheric transmittance大气透过率atmospheric turbulence湍馏气atmospheric wave大气波atoll环礁atoll lake环礁湖atomic adsorption spectrometry原子吸收分光光度法atomic arrangement原子排列atomic bond原子键atomic disintegration原子蜕变atomic energy level原子能级atomic group原子团atomic mass unit原子质量单位atomic number原子序数atomic orbital function原子轨函数atomic radius原子半径atomic ratio原子比atomic size原子大小atomic spectrum原子光谱atomic structure原子结构atomic unit原子单位atomic volume原子体积atomic weight原子量atomism原子论atomistics原子论atomizer喷雾器atrio火口原atrio lake火口原湖attached ground water附着地下水attached island陆系岛attenuation coefficient衰减系数attenuator衰减器attraction引力attractive wave引力波attribute属性attrition磨损aubrite顽火无球粒陨aufeis积冰augen gneiss眼状片麻岩augen structure眼状构造auger土钻augite辉augitite辉岩augmented matrix增广矩阵aureole接触变质带auripigment雌黄aurora极光auroral zone极光带Word 资料。
地理专业词汇英语翻译(33)
地理专业词汇英语翻译(33)地理专业词汇英语翻译(33)地理专业词汇英语翻译(33)earth axis 地轴earth crust 地壳earth current 大地电流earth dam 土坝earth ellipsoid 地球椭圆体earth flow 土流earth hummock 土岗earth interior 地球内部earth layer 土层earth magnetism 地磁earth mound 土堤earth pole 地极earth pressure 地压earth radiation 地球辐射earth resource technology satellite 地球资源技术卫星earth rotation 地球自转earth satellite 地球卫星earth science 地球科学earth slide 土崩earth station 地面站earth surface 地面earth synchronous orbit 地球同步轨道earth thermometer 地温表earth tide 地潮earth wax 地蜡earth's core 地核;地球中心带earth's crust 地壳earth's spheroid 地球回转椭圆体earthquake 地震earthquake disaster 地震灾情earthquake fault 地震断层earthquake magnitude 地震等级earthquake mechanism 地震机制earthquake proof construction 抗震建筑earthquake region 震区earthquake sound 地声earthquake zone 地震带earthworm 蚯蚓earthworm dejection structure 蚯蚓粪结构east longitude 东经easterlies 东风easting 东行航程easual species 偶见种ebb 落潮ebb current 落潮流ebb tide 落潮ebullioscope 酒精气压器eccentric angle 偏心角eccentricity 偏心率ecesis 定居echellite 白沸石echelon dissection 雁行状切割echelon fault 阶状断层echelon fissures 雁行裂缝echelon fold 阶状褶皱echelon folding 雁行状褶皱echelon fracture 雁列式断裂echelon structure 雁行构造echinodermata 棘皮动物echinoderms 棘皮动物echo fluctuation 回波涨落echo height 回波高度echo intensity 回波强度echo power 回波功率echo sounding 回声测深echometer 测深仪eclipse 食ecliptic 黄道ecliptic coordinates 黄道坐标ecliptic latitude 黄纬ecliptic longitude 黄经ecliptic pole 黄极ecliptic system 黄道坐标ecocide 生态灭绝ecoclimate 生态气候ecocline 生态倾群ecogenesis 生态进化ecological agriculture 生态农业ecological amplitude 生态幅度ecological balance 生态平衡ecological environment 生态环境ecological factor 生态因素ecological geography 生态地理学ecological map 生态地图ecological niche 生态龛位ecological optimum 生态最适度ecological series 生态系列ecological system 生态系统ecological vicariant 生态代替种ecology 生态学economic geography 经济地理economic geology 经济地质economic information system 经济信息系统economic map 经济地图ecosystem 生态系ecosystem autoregulation 生态系统自动第ecosystem components 生态系统组份ecosystem function 生态系统功能ecosystem resilience 生态系统复原能力ecosystem structure 生态系统结构ecosystem type 生态系统型ecosystematic information system 生态信息系统ecotone 过渡交错区ecotope 生态环境ecotype 生态型ectendotrophic mycorrhiza 内外菌根ectodynamomorphic soil 外动力型土壤ectoparasite 外寄生物edaphic climax 土壤演替顶极edaphic factor 土壤因素edaphic formation 土壤群系edaphogenic succession 土壤发生演替edaphology 土壤学edaphon 土居生物edaphophyte 土壤植物edatope 土壤环境eddy 旋涡eddy diffusion 涡动扩散eddy erosion in river bed 涡林蚀eddy friction 涡动摩擦eddy motion 涡动eddy's structure 涡旋结构edge binding 镶边edge enhancement 边缘增强edge feature 边缘特征edge matching 地图接边edge water 边缘水edging 镶边edificators 建群种edition note 版次说明edwardsite 独居石effective aperture 有效孔径effective drainage porosity 有效孔隙度effective grain size 有效粒径effective ionic radius 有效离子半径effective moisture 有效水分effective precipitation 有效降水量effective radiation 有效辐射effective rainfall 有效降雨effervescence 泡沸efflorescence 盐霜effluent 出水effluent river 潜水补给河effluent stream 潜水补给河effusive rock 喷发岩egyptian chlorosis 热带萎黄病eigenvalue 特盏eigenvector 本镇量ejection 喷出ek value 能量系数elastic deformation 弹性形变elastic limit 弹性限度elastic wave 弹性波elasticity 弹性elaterite 弹性沥青electric charge 电荷electric charge distribution 电荷分布electric conductivity 电导率electric double layer 双电层electric field 电场electric power system 电力系统electric shutter 电动快门electrical conductivity of water 水的电导率electrical logging 电测井electrical resistance thermometer 电阻温度计electro optical distance measurement 光电测距electro ultrafiltration 电超滤electrochemical affinity 电化亲合势electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical potential 电化势electrochemical series 电化序electrochemistry 电化学electrode 电极electrofiltration 电滤酌electrokinetic potential 动电位地理专业词汇英语翻译(33) 相关内容:。
自然地理专业英语自然地理英语（一）
自然地理专业英语自然地理英语(一)Lesson OneNEW WORDS1.sleet n.冻雨，雨夹雪11. particle n.粒子,微粒20.instead ad.代替,替换30.toss vt.,vi.抛,扔,颠簸2. depend vi.依赖,取决于12. nucleus n.核,原子核21.snowflake n.雪片31.acquire vt.取得,获得3. hail n.雹13.dew n.露水22.shape n.形状32.hailstone n.冰雹4. form vt.,vi.形成14.crystal n.晶体23. flake n.薄片33.stick vi.粘住5. low a.低的15.condensation n.冷凝,24.hexagonal a.六角形的34.theory n.理论6. temperature n.温度凝结25.lens n.透镜35.explain vt.说明,解释,7. molecule n.分子16. rapid a.快的26.strike vt.,vi.打击击中,撞阐明8. cling vi.粘着17.moisture n.湿气,水分27.thunderstorm n.雷雨9. droplet n.小水滴18. freeze vi.结冰28.swift a.迅速的10. dust n.灰尘19.raindrop n.雨点29.current n.气流,潮流PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSThe more the more越… T ake place发生Well below 远远低于 A mass of 一块越… As soon as 一… 就… T ake on 呈现Start out 出发,着手进行So that 如此… 以致… High above 大大高于 A bit of 一点layer of 一层TEXTRAIN, SNOW, SLEET, AND HAILThe forming of rain in a cloud depends upon temperature. The lower the temperature, the more the molecules of water vapor in the cloud cling together. Then they form droplets of water. Usually droplets form around dust or other particles in the air when the dew point is reached. If ice crystals are in the cloud, even more droplets may form.In clouds, condensation may be so rapid that millions ofdroplets of water are formed. As these droplets collect more molecules and therefore become heavier, their weight makes them fall to the earth. If the temperature of the air is above freezing the drops will fall as rain.When the air high above the earth is well below freezing, the moisture in the air does not form raindrops. Instead, it forms snow. Snowflakes take on many interesting shapes. They seem to be formed around a center. Snow is made up of millions of these flakes, each a bit of water vapor that in freezing temperatures was changed into a flake of snow. Snowflakes are really crystals; they are water molecules grouped in a hexagonal pattern. It is interesting to study snowflake crystals under a hand lens.Sometimes droplets of water start out as rain and change into another form on their way to the earth. The raindrops may start downward through a layer of warm air and then strike a mass of cold air, where each raindrop freezes. These frozen raindrops fall to the earth as sleet; skeet us frozen rain.Sometimes still another change may take place in drops of rain. During a thunderstorm, swift upward currents of air usually carry raindrops with them. As the air grows colder,these raindrops may form little balls of ice. In a mass of warm air, they may get a coating of moisture, which freezes as soon as they are tossed up again into a colder mass of air. Up and down they are carried, acquiring more and more layers of ice. This goes on until the balls of ice become heavy enough to fall to the earth as hailstones. If you cut a hailstone in two, you can see the layers of ice.Some scientists think that hailstones are formed in a different way. A hailstone nucleus, a tiny droplet of water that is frozen, may form high in the atmosphere. As it falls through a cloud, it meets cold water droplets and snowflakes which stick to this nucleus. The hailstone may meet many of these droplets and snowflakes before it falls from the cloud to the earth. As the droplets of water stick to the hailstone, they add a clear layer of ice. As snowflakes stick to it, they form a cloudy layer. This theory explains why clear and cloudy layers are found inside the hailstone when it is cut open.Lesson TwoNEW WORDS1.mineral n.矿物2.property n.性质,特性3.naked a.裸露的 4.detail n.详情5.reveal vt.暴露19.precise a.精确的32.division n.分类,划分许多多6.magnify vt.放大20.garnet n.柘榴石33.divide vt. (into)划分,43.simplification n.简单化,7.magnification n.放大率position n.构成组成把…分成为… 单一化8.hang vt.,vi.悬挂,吊22.variety n.多种,异种种类34.igneous a.火成的44.rare a.稀少的,少见的9.particularly ad.特别,格外23.range n.范围,领域35.sedimentary a.沉淀的,45.unusual a.不平常的,少10.distinguish vt.区别,辨24.proportion n.比例沉积的见的认,把…区别分类25.hence ad.因此36.metamorphic a.变形的,46.subspecies n.亚种11.define vt.规定,下定义26.immense a.无限的, 变质的47.recognize vt.承认,认出12.unique a.唯一的,独特的广大的37.kingdom n.领域王国,界48.sophisticate n.世故的人13.grain n.颗粒27.bewilder vt.使为难,使38.distinctivea.特殊的,49.glean vt.苦心搜集,选14.quartz n.石英手足无措有特色的集15.quality n.质量28.array n.排列39.earmark n.记号50.explanation n.解释plex a.复杂的,复29.classify vt.分类40.remarkable a.值得注51.professional a.职业的,合的30.sort vt. (out)分类,划分意的,显著的本职的17.mixture n.混合物31.major a.较重要的,主41.accurate a.精确的52.petrologist n.岩石学家18.vary vi.变化,不同要的42.dozen n.一打,若干,许53.mineralogy n.矿物学PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS For example例如(to)make order 整理on the one hand…on the other hand…Because of 由于,因为despite of 不管,任凭一方面…另一方面…Regardless of不管,不顾even if 即使(to) be faced with …面对着…,面临either…or… 或…或…TEXTROCKS ARE MADE UP OF MINERALSMost of a rock‟s properties are easily seen with the naked eye, though the details are better revealed with a low-power magnifying glass (magnification of 5 ×to 10×) —the hand lens that field geologists usually have hanging around their necks. From the characteristics show, particularly thephysical and chemical properties we can distinguish several thousand minerals, each defined by its unique set of properties. Thus all grains or crystals of quartz have just about the same qualities, regardless of the kind of rock in which they are found. Some minerals, particularly those that have a more complex mixture of atoms, vary slightly in their properties, depending on their precise composition. A mineral like garnet, for example, has a number of varieties, each with its own range of composition, such as the proportions of iron and other elements, and hence, properties.Rocks are not as uniquely defined by their properties as minerals are. Because of the immense number of ways in which the thousands of minerals can be combined, the geologist is faced with a bewildering array of rock types. The only way for us to make order out of this array is to classify like with like and to sort out by general type. The major division of rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is just such an aid. Within each major division there are many groups and types. Using characteristic properties, we can divide the rock kingdom into several hundred general types, each with its own more or lessdistinctive earmarks.Despite all of these numbers, it is remarkable how much can be done even if only a small number of the most common minerals and rocks are known. In most parts of the world a field geologist can make an accurate geologic map by knowing only a few dozen major minerals and even fewer common rock types. This simplification is possible because most of the thousands of known minerals are either rare or unusual on the one hand or subspecies or varieties on the other. Thus the geologist who can recognize garnet will do well, even though a mineral sophisticate who can distinguish the many varieties of garnet by their slightly different chemical compositions might do better. Naturally, the more we can distinguish, the more the information gleaned, and the greater the power of our theories of explanation. Than is why professional petrologists have to know a great deal about mineralogy.Lesson ThreeNEW WORDS1.volcanism n.火山活动(作用) 18. extrude vt.挤出,使喷出28. froth vt.,vi.,n.(使)起2.crust n.地壳11. fluid n.流体,液体19. eruption n.喷发,爆发泡沫,泡沫3.fracture vi.破碎,断裂12.escape vi.,vt.逃走,漏出,20. occur vi.发生,出现29. burst vt.,vi.破裂,爆发,4.molten a.熔化的逸出,避免21. magma n.岩浆喷出5.extend vi.延伸,延展13. crack n.裂隙22. dissolve vt.,vi.溶解30. bubble n.泡,泡沫6.interior n.,a.内部的14.volcanologist n.火山23. fissure n.裂缝31. vent n.喷口7.volcano n.火山学家24. atmospheric a.大气32. cone n.圆锥形(物)8.behavior n.行为,举止,15. refer vt.,vi将…归入,25. explosively ad.爆炸33.glow vi.燃烧,放光情况认为…属于,提到(爆发)性的34. column n.圆柱9.volcanology n.火山学16.extrusive a.,n.喷出的26. chill vt.使冷却10. crystallization n.结晶17. toothpaste n.牙膏27. atmosphere n.大气PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS(to) be charged with …充满着at all 完全,根本(常用在否定句中)less and less 越来越少in much the same way以大体相同的方式TEXTVOLCANISMWhen the earth‟s crust fractures, molten matter may flow from the break if it extends deep enough into the interior of the earth.A volcano may form. Earth scientists have studied the behavior and composition of molten rock materials and the forms that are produced . This branch of earth science is called volcanology.Some igneous rocks are formed by crystallization of fluid matter that has escaped through deep cracks in the earth‟s crust. Volcanologists refer to these rocks as extrusive rocks, or extrusives. If a tube of toothpaste has a crack in it and you press on the tube, some of the paste is pushed out. That is, the paste has been extruded. Volcanic eruptions occur in much the same way. The magma within the earth may be heavily charged with gases and steam. These are under such great pressure that they are dissolved in the magma. If a fissure develops in a region where the magma is heavily charged with steam and other dissolved gases, the fluid magma rises through the fissure. As it rises, the pressure onit becomes less and less. The gases and steam expand, producing a force that helps to move the molten materials to the surface of the earth.When they reach the surface of the earth, the only pressure against them is atmospheric pressure—14.7 pounds per square inch. The steam and gases now expand suddenly and explosively , producing additional great force. The molten materials, laden with rapidly expanding gas and steam, may be thrown high into the air in a wild and noisy eruption.In this kind of an eruption, the molten materials are quickly chilled by the much cooler atmosphere. They fall back to the earth as solid fragments of extrusive igneous rocks. During an explosive eruption the molten fluids may be so heavily charged with gas and steam that they froth. Bursting of the bubbles in the molten froth produces billions of tiny fragments of mineral matter, which were once part of the bubble walls. These tiny fragments may be carried upward into the atmosphere by the explosive force of the eruption. These they form great clouds of volcanic dust. Slightly larger fragments of the froth may fall back around the vent, or opening, in the crust to make a cone-shaped pileof volcanic ash.The light produced during volcanic activity is the result of the glowing of gases and molten fluids. The “smoke” of a volcano is not smoke at all, but the column of volcanic dust, steam, and other gases that are given off fro m the molten fluid.Lesson FourNEW WORDS1.deposit n.矿床,沉积用的,有开采价值的8.average a.平均的,普通的12.segregate vt.分开,凝离2.globe n.地球,天体 5.distribute vt.分配,分布9.abundance n.丰富13.occurrence n发生,出3.readily ad.容易地6.portion n.一部分10.homogenize vt.使均匀现,(矿物的)埋藏4.available a.有用的,可利7.amount n.总数,量11.segregation n.分开,凝离14.ore n.矿物15.sulfide n.硫化物24.enormous a.巨大的,庞30.concentrate vt.集中集合37.hydrothermal a.热水的, 16.dominant a.主要的大的31.relate vt.使有关系热水作用的17.oxide n.氧化物25.sufficiently ad.充分的,32.affinityn.亲缘关系,38.Miami n.迈阿密(美国18.silicate n.硅酸盐足够的亲和力佛罗里达州一城市,是著名19.aluminum n.铝26.worthwhile a.值得做33.increase vi.增加的休养地)20.magnesium n.镁的,有价值的34.decrease vi.减少21.conceivably ad.想象上,27.valuable a.价值大的，35.solubility n.可溶性,溶想得到的有价值的解度22. platinum n.白金,铂28.ratio n.比率,比例36.solution n.分解,溶解,23. mercury n.汞,水银29.copper n.铜溶液PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS In terms of … 在…方面In addition 此外(to) be used as … 用作TEXTWHAT IS A MINERAL DEPOSIT?The chemical elements of the earth‟s crust — the portion of the globe that is readily available to us for mining — are widely distributed in many different kinds of minerals, and those minerals are found in a great veriety of rocks. In most places, a particular element will be found in amounts that tend to be close to its average abundance in the crust — thatis ,it is homogenized with other elements. Segregation occurs in a smaller number of geologic situations. The occurrences of elements in much higher abundance—those in which some geologic process has operated to segregate much higher quantities of the element than normal—are the ones that interest us, because the richer the deposit, the cheaper it is to recover the resource, both in terms of energy and in terms of money. Rich deposits of metals are ores; the minerals containing these metals are ore minerals. Ore minerals include sulfides (the dominant group), oxides, and silicates. In addition, some metals, such as gold, are found in their native state — that is ,uncombined with other elements. Elements such as aluminum, iron, and magnesium, are so abundant that any average crustal rock could conceivably be used as a raw material, though not necessarily economically. In contrast are the elements of low abundance, such as gold, platinum, and mercury, which are present in such small amounts in the average rock that enormous quantities of rock would have to be refined to recover even small amounts. Mineral deposits of economic value are those in which an element occurs in much higher abundance than the average crustal rock, sufficiently high to make it economicallyworthwhile to mine. Many of the most valuable mineral deposits are metal-ore deposits.The concentration factor —that is, the ratio of the abundance of an element in a mineral deposit to its average abundance—is highly variable and depends on the particular element and its average crustal abundance. Iron, one of the common elements of the crust, has an average abundance of 5.8℅. A good iron ore contains 50℅iron; thus, its concentration factor is about 10. A less abundant metal, such as copper, which has a crustal abundance of 0.0058℅, is concentrated by factors from 60 to 100 in its economic ores. Even more spectacular are the rarer elements, such as mercury or gold, which have concentration factors in the thousands. The crustal abundances of the elements are related to their atomic number and chemical affinities in a complex way. But the concentration factors though generally increasing with decreasing crustal abundance, depend largely on the ways in which the metals are held in crystal structures, and their solubilities in various geologic solutions, such as groundwaters, hydrothermal solutions, or sea water.Lesson FiveNEW WORDS1.soil n.土壤7.article n.物品k n.牛奶19.sheep n.羊群2.pocket n.袋8.dependent a.依赖…的14.bread n.面包20.cattle n.牲畜3.growth n.生长9.meat n.肉类15.butter n.奶油21.wool n.羊毛4.crop n.农作物,庄稼10.vegetable n.蔬菜16.woolena.羊毛的22.feed vt.喂养,供给5.guard vt.保护11.fruit n.水果17.cotton n.棉花23.top-soil n.表土6.manage vt.处理管理经营12.cereal n.谷物,谷类18.leather n.皮革24.starve vi.挨饿25.fortunate a.幸运的29.plow vt.耕种n.犁33.silt n.淤泥37.remains n.剩余物,残骸26.seafood n.海味30.backyard n.后院34.float vt.,vi (使)漂浮38.loam n.肥泥27.wealth n.财富31.stir vt.搅拌anic a.有机(物)的39.weathering n.风化28.quart n.夸特32.spoon n.匙,调羹36.humus n.腐殖土PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSAt least 至少On the bottom of 在…底部As a rusult of …因…结果,由于(to) feed on 靠吃…过日子,用…喂养TEXTSOILWherever there is a pocket of soil in the sunlight , some plant is likely to grow; but a rich growth of farm crops requires deep soil with the right kind and amount of minerals in it and the right amount of moisture. Under these conditions, animal life can be abundant and varied, for animals cannot exist without the plants that grow in soil. Soil is truly a resource that must be guarded well and managed wisely.Try to list some of the everyday articles you need that make you dependent upon soil. You may think first of food — meat, vegetables, fruit, cereal, milk, bread, and butter. Where do we get woolen and cotton clothes and leather shoes? Cotton comes from the cotton plant. Sheep and cattle, from which come wool for clothes and leather for shoes, feed on grass that is grown in the soil. At least part of your home is built of wood that comes from trees. You certainly could not live without the things that depend on soil for life.Most of these things that you need for life grow in certainkinds of soil. They depend on the topsoil— the layer of soil on top of the ground.If all topsoil should disappear from the land, millions of people would be sure to starve. Only those fortunate ones who could get seafood could live. T opsoil is important to the wealth of a nation.The best way to find out about topsoil is to examine it. Fill a quart jar one quarter full of soil from the surface of a plowed field or from your own backyard. Then add enough water to fill the jar. Stir the soil and water for about two minutes with a long spoon, and then let the jar stand for twenty minutes. What do you notice about the soil?On the bottom of the jar you will see coarse particles of sand and perhaps gravel. Next will be a layer of vary fine particles. These particles are called silt. On top of the silt, making the water cloudy, are clay particles even finer than silt. Floating on the surface and suspended in the water will be particles of dark-colored organic matter called humus. Organic matter consists of remains of dead plants and animals.T opsoil that is made up of a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and humus is called loam. Of course, loam is not the sameeverywhere. Have you ever seen loam of different colors in different places? A light brown loam has more sand in it, a gray-brown loam has more clay, a red loam may be colored by iron oxide, while a brownish-black or black loam has more humus. The sand, silt, and clay are particles that came from the earth‟s rocks as a result of weathering.Lesson SixNEW WORDS1.subsidence n.沉下陷下11.solvable a.能解决的18.claim vt.索取25.quiver vi.摇动,抖动2.level n.水平水平线水平12.T exas n.得克萨斯(美19.Baytown n.贝敦(美国26.gelatin n.明胶,胶质面国一西南部的州) 南部城市) 27.accompany vt.伴随3.drop vi.掉下,沉下13.Houston n.休斯敦(美国20.showplace n.展出地,28.hurricane n.飓风,十二4.gradually ad.逐渐地得克萨斯州东南部港市) 供参观的地方级风5.suddenly ad.突然地14.Galveston n.加尔维斯21.Brownwood n.布朗29.awash a.被水覆盖的,6.collapse vi.,n.倒塌,坍下顿(美国得克萨斯州东南伍德(美国南部城市) 被波浪冲打的7.settlement n.下沉部港市) 22.waterfront n.(都市等30.catastrophic a.灾难性的8.phenomenon n.现象15.bay n.湾,深山凹地的)靠水地,江边31.Florida n.佛罗里达(美9.hazard n.危险16.inhabitant n.居民,住户23.inundate vt.淹没国东南部一州)10.aware a.意识到的17.sink vi.下沉24.abandon vt.放弃,舍弃32.Weeki wachee n.威基瓦奇(美国东南部城市) 39.slip vi.滑动48.destructive a.破坏的力压紧33.gobble vt.狼吞虎咽40.Adriatic n.亚得里亚海49.withdrawal n.抽取,移54.tectonic a.地质构造的34.Birmingham n.伯明翰41.New Zealand n.新西兰开,收回55.disturbance n.骚动,妨碍35.Alabama n.亚拉巴马42.Venezuela n.委内瑞拉50.consolidate vt.使坚固,56.permafrost n.永久冻土(美国南部一州) 43.threaten vt.恐吓,威胁结合36.warehouse n.仓库,栈44.Mexico City n.墨西哥城51.sediment a.沉积,沉淀房,大零售店45.T okyo n.东京52.deficient a.缺乏的,不37.abruptly ad.突然,仓猝间46.dike n.堤,堤防完全的,不足的38.Venice n.威尼斯47.alter vt. 变更,改变53.hydrocompaction n.水PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSSo far 到目前为止Sea level海拔,海面T o a greater extent 在很大程度上A load of …重载,大量(to) be deficient in …欠缺TEXTSUBSIDENCEIn numerous places throughout the world, land levels are dropping, sometimes gradually, sometimes suddenly. Yet, to many people, the subsidence, collapse, or settlement of the ground surface is almost an unknown phenomenon. It usually is not considered a major geologic hazard or problem, even by those aware of it. Yet the problem is both serious and solvable. In the United States the quickly growing region of T exas between Houston and Galveston Bay, which includes some 2 million inhabitants and 10,000 square kilometers(2.5 million acres ) of land, is sinking. The seawater from the bay is claiming the land. In Baytown‟s showplace subdivision of Brownwood, many waterfront homes are inundated or have been abandoned, and the land under other homes is often so saturated that it quivers like gelatin. Given the 4-meter tides that sometimes accompanyhurricanes, and continued subsidence, parts of the Houston Space Center could be awash in ten years.Although the occurrence is gradual in most places, collapse can be sudden and catastrophic. Near Weeki Wachee, in Florida, an 11-meter high drilling rig, two trucks, and a load of steel pipe worth more than $100,000 were gobbled up in less than ten minutes. In Birmingham, Alabama, a warehouse three stories high was destroyed when a sinkhole collapsed abruptly beneath it. Subsidence elsewhere in the world is equally serious. Venice has been slipping into the Adriatic for hundreds of years. Parts of London, Shanghai, New Zealand, Venezuela, and T aiwan are threatened with collapse. Mexico City has sunk so far into its valley—9.5 meters — that sewage must be pumped uphill to the mains and you must walk downstairs to reach the ground floors of older buildings. In T okyo, a million people live below sea level and are protected by dikes.Surface collapse and subsidence are extremely wide spread phenomena that can occur as a result of many natural processes and now, to a greater extent than ever before, as a result of human activities. Wherever the supporting subsurface material is altered or removed, the groundsurface may subside or collapse. In uninhabited areas this is of no serious consequence. Wherever people or structures are involved the results may be destructive.The major causes of land surface subsidence or collapse are varied and include the following.1.the withdrawal of large volumes of fluids(water, natural gas, or oil) from weakly consolidated sediments2.the application of water to moisture-deficient deposits above the water table(hydrocompaction)3.tectonic activity4.the solution or leaching of soluble subsurface material (limestone, for example) by circulating groundwater5.the removal of subsurface mineral deposits(coal, for example) without leaving sufficient support for the surface6.the melting or disturbance of permafrostLesson SevenNEW WORDS1.picture vt.描绘 lion n.百万9.calcium n.钙13.trace n.痕迹,踪迹ke n.湖 6.salt n.盐10.sulfur n.硫,硫磺14.radium n.镭3.cubic a.立方的7.chlorine n.氯气11.arsenic a.砷的15.fasten vt.把…结在,4.suppose vt.假设,假想8.billion n.(美)十亿,(英)兆12.iodine n.碘拴在,固定16.rope n.绳子23.gulf n.海湾紧,停泊36.unless conj.如不是,除非17.ring n.环24.Mediterranean,n.地中海30.barge n.大平底船,驳船37.protect vt.保护,防止18.messenger n.引绳25.Persian Gulf n.波斯湾31.tap vt.开发,发掘38.penetrate vt.,vi渗入,19.release vt.放出26.Pier n.码头32.slant vt.使倾斜透入,穿透20.basalt n.玄武岩27.equipment n.设备,装备33.offshore a.离岸的, 39.inky a.墨一样的,漆黑的21.oceanographer n.海洋学28.pump n.泵,抽机vt. 近海的40.adapt vt.使适合,适于家用抽机抽34.mantle n.地幔41.survive vi.活下去,残22.coast n.海岸29.anchor vt.用锚系住,系35.core n.核心,蕊在,还活着PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS(to) be filled with … 充满着(to) protect against…使…不受…侵犯in this way用此方法,这样地(to) adapt to 适应at once 立即,马上TEXTELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS IN THE SEASClose your eyes and see if you can picture a rather large lake 26 miles long, 10 miles wide, and about 29 feet deep. You are picturing a cubic mile of water. Now suppose this lake is filled with sea water. This cubic mile of sea water would contain about 166 million tons of salts of various kinds.If you could evaporate one cubic mile of sea water, you would obtain about 166 million tons of salts. Now you have some idea of the amount of salts in the sea. Perhaps you think of these as table salt, a compound of sodium and chlorine; however, there are many kinds of salts in the ocean. There are billions of tons of substances, most of them salts, in the 330 million cubic miles of sea water. Compounds of magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulfur, chlorine, arsenic, iron, copper, iodine, and many more are present. There is also a little gold and a little silver, and even a trace of radium. Geologists say these substances washed into the sea from the land.Scientists sample the sea special “water bottles” called Nansen bottles. A number of metal bottles, open on both ends, are fastened to a wire rope and lowered into the sea. Then a metal ring called a messenger is dropped down the rope. The messenger closes both ends of the first bottle and releases a second messenger, which closes the second bottle, and so on. In this way, samples from various depths are gathered at once. The samples are studied by oceanographers, chemists, biologists, and geologists, who study oceans and ocean life.The solid earth beneath the sea is of interest too. Oil has been found in the earth beneath the water along the coasts of California, under the Gulf of Mexico, the Mediterranean, the North Sea, the Persian Gulf, and in many other parts of the world. Oil wells have been drilled from piers built out into the water along the coasts. Farther out, steel platforms hold the drilling equipment and the oil pumps. Wells are also drilled from anchored barges. Some underwater oil reservoirs are tapped by drilling slanted holes from the shore. Offshore oil, as it is sometimes called, is a very important source of the world supply.The crust of the earth is perhaps less than four miles thickunder some parts of the sea. Geologists interested in getting through the crust of the sea. Geologists interested in getting through the crust of the earth to investigate the mantle may some day drill through a part of the crust that is under water about one mile deep.Drilling through the crust under deep water presents many problems; however, the problems can be solved. Some of the drill cores taken from the ocean bottom show that the crust under parts of the ocean is a layer of sediment covering hardened volcanic rock known as basalt.Man, unless he has special oxygen equipment, cannot live under water. T o go more than a few hundred feet into the depths of the ocean, he must also be protected against the increasing pressure of the weight of water above him. No sunlight penetrates to the depths of the ocean, yet in the inky blackness are fish and other water-living animals adapted to survive under these conditions of pressure and darkness.Lesson EightNEW WORDS1.catch vt.捉，抓13.effectively ad.有效的24.momentary a.倾刻间35.prevalence n.优势,流行2.lean vi.靠,依14.desert n.沙漠的,瞬息间的36.dune n.沙丘3.sandstorm n.沙暴15.describe vt.叙述,描写25.prevail vi.胜过,占优势37.beach n.海滨,河滩4.attest vt.证明,证实16.eolian a.风神的26.westerly a.从西面来(风) 38.flood n.洪水,大水5.turbulent a.狂暴的17.Aeolus n.风神27.equatoriala.赤道的39.duration n.延续,持续期6.traceable a.起源于…的,18.God n.神28.belt n.带间能追纵的19.breeze n.微风,和风29.fluctuation n.波动,(上40.tornado n.龙卷风7.confine vt.限制20.moderately ad.适度,中下变动) 41.exceed vt.超过8.restrict vt.约束等,普通30.valley n.山谷,流域,盆地42.strip n.条,带狭长的土地9.channel n.水道,河床21.gust n.阵风,突然刮风31.relief n.地势的起伏43.typhoon n.台风petence n.能力,胜任22.intermittently ad.间歇32.terrain n.地带,岩层44.maritime a.海的,海岸的11.enable vt.使能,使可以的,断断续续的33.steady a.坚固的,稳定的45.pickup n.拾起12. discharge n.流量23.spawn vt.引起34.letup n.停止,中止PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSat one time or another 有时,曾经in combination with 和…共同,协同,协力as well 同样, 也,又(to) have (much) to do with与…有(很大)关系in contrast to 和…成对比(to) be responsible for 对…负责任TEXTWINDAll of us have been caught, at one time of another, in a high wind so strong that it could have blown us over if we hadn‟t leaned into it or held on to something solid. A wind strong enough to move a body weighing more than 50 kilograms (110 poands) is easily capable of blowing sand grains into the air, as anyone who has ever been in a sandstorm can attest. Wind is a turbulent stream of air, and its ability to erode, transport, and deposit sediment is much like that of water, for the same general laws of fluid motion that govern liquids govern gases as well. There are differences, of course, and they are traceable to two properties of wind: its low density and the fact that its flowis unconfined, not restricted to, channels, the low density of air limits its competence to move larger particles, and the fact that its flow need not be confined enables it to spread over wide areas and high into the atmosphere. In contrast to rivers, whose discharge is dependent upon rainfall, it is the lack of rain that allows wind to work most effectively.Many of the geologic processes of desert are related to the work of the wind. Winds are also important because they are coupled to the waters of the ocean as they blow waves into being and influence the general circulation of the oceans. A common term used to describe the activity and deposits of the wind is eolian, from Aeolus, Greek God of the winds. Winds are highly variable in direction and power. Though the average wind on a breezy day might be about 15 kilometers(9 miles) per hour, gusts up to twice that speed occur intermittently and may spawn momentary blowing up of dust or sand clouds. Most people in temperate climates are used to winds that come mainly from one direction, the prevailing westerlies. Those in the tropics are familiar with the equatorial easterlies. Yet within these belts the winds will be variable in direction and power, depending on the movement of air masses and storms. Many of us live with。
地理专业英语Unit 1
1.410
5.43 5.25 5.52 3.95 1.33 0.69 1.29 1.64 2.03
The Sun's period of rotation at the surface varies from approximately 25 days at the equator to 36 days at the poles. Deep down, below the convective zone, everything appears to rotate with a period of 27 days.
NEW WORDS Proxima Centauri n. 半人马座的比邻星 the Large Magellanic Cloud n. 大麦哲伦星云 The Andromeda Galaxy n. 仙女座星系 intergalactic space n. 星系际空间 ecliptic n. 黄道 the Jovian Planet n. 类木行星 the Terrestrial Planet n. 类地行星 Milk Way n. 银河 counter-clockwise n. 逆时针 light year n. 光年 innermost adj. 最里面的
太阳系由一个我们称之为太阳的普通恒星和八大行星 ——水星、 金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星组成。
2、The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy (mostly in the form of heat and light) in thesolar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a
地理专业英语
盛年不重来，一日难再晨。
及时宜自勉，岁月不待人。
地理专业英语geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石physical geography 自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra firma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow (小)草原prairie (大)草原lake 湖泊pond 池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor, moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune 沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah (南美)大草原virgin forest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word and phrase1. core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳4. continental crust 大陆地壳5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩6. sial; sima 硅铝层；硅镁层7. surface waves; body .. 面波；体波8. epicentre; focus 震中；震源9. lithosphere 岩石圈10. tectonic plate 构造板块11. continetal drift 大陆漂移12. asthenosphere 软流层13. ocean ridge 洋脊14. ocean trench 海沟15. subduction 俯冲作用16. volcanism 火山作用17. fold mountain 褶皱山脉18. fold; fault 褶皱；断层19. sedimentary rocks 沉积岩20. vent 火山口21. lava 熔岩22.volcanic cones 火山锥23. parasitic cone 寄生火山锥24. plug 岩颈25. volcanic ash 火山灰26. mechanical weathering 机械风化27. chemical weathering 化学风化28. freeze-thaw 冻融29. pressure release 卸荷释重30.limestone 石灰岩31. hydrolysis 水解作用32. quartz 石英33. hydration 水合作用34. oxidation 氧化作用35. alluvium 冲击层36. gravel 砂砾37. denudation 剥蚀作用38. precipitation 降水39. climatic zone 气候带40. mid-latitude 中纬度41. semi-arid 半干旱42. tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候43. watershed 分水岭44. drainage basin 流域45. regolith 风化层46. soil creep 土壤蠕动47. mass movement 块体运动48. strata 地层49. overland runoff 地表径流50. sheet wash 片状冲刷51. pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52. rockfall 山崩53. landslide 滑坡54. interception 截流55. evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量56. capillary rise 毛管上升57. aeration zone 包气带58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59. water table 潜水面（水位）60. basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积61. tributary 支流；62. trunk stream 干流63. drainage density 河网密度64. flood plain 泛滥平原65. coniferous tree 松树67. inselberg 岛状山68. equator 赤道69. monsoon 季风70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线71. discharge 流量72. peak flow 洪峰流量73. rainfall peak 降水峰值74. precipitation intensity 降水强度75. land use 土地利用76. water-born waste 水成废弃物77. heavy metal 重金属78. climatology 气候学79. urban heat island 城市热岛80. deciduous trees 落叶树81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀83. headward erosion 溯源侵蚀84. lateral erosion 侧蚀85. pot-hole 壶穴86. meander 曲流87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖88. delta 三角洲89. lake basin 湖盆90. levee 天然提91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物94. atmospherical fallout 大气沉降95. laminar flow 层流96. turbulent flow 紊流97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度99. sandbar 沙坝100. thalweg 中泓线101. estuary 河口102. lagoon 泻湖103. salinity 盐度104. coastline 海岸线105. dune 沙丘106. suspension; saltation; creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移107. dust storm 尘暴108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风109. prevailing wind 盛行风110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111. aridity 干燥度112. tropic of cancer 北回归线113. tropic of capricorn 南回归线114. gobi 戈壁115. continentality 大陆度116. cold ocean current 寒流117. plateau 高原118. alluvial fan 冲积扇119. pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120. deflation 风蚀121. moraine 冰碛122. glacial；interglacial 冰期；间冰期123. Recent 全新世124. Quaternary Era 第四纪125. periglacial period 冰缘期126. nivation 冰蚀127. earth’ o rbit 地球轨道128. plucking 挖蚀129. abrasion 磨蚀130. pyramidal peak 角峰131. arete 刃脊132. cirque 冰斗133. horn 角峰134. U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷135. fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136. drumlin 鼓丘137. terminal moraine 终碛138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139. kettle hole 锅穴140. wavelength 波长141. crest；trough 波峰；波谷142. wave period 周期143. wave frequency 波频144. wave height 波高145. wave refraction 波浪折射146. tidal range 潮差147. stack 海蚀柱148. arch 海蚀拱桥149. headland 海岬150. troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo- 对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成151. pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力152. isobar 等压线153. sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压154. cirrus 卷云155. cumulus 积云156. stratus 层云157. cumulonimbus 积雨云158. convection rain 对流雨159. thunderstorm 雷雨160. depression 低气压161. frontal rain 锋面雨162. orographic rain 地形雨163. equatorial trough 赤道低压槽164. front 锋165. temperature inversion 逆温166. soil texture 土壤质地167. loam 壤土168. soil structure 土壤结构169. soil moisture 土壤水分170. field capacity 田间持水量171. cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量172. podzol 灰化土173. brown earth 褐土174. sandstone 砂岩175. gley 潜育土176. azonal soil 非地带性土壤177. soil horizon 土层178. humification 腐殖化作用179. mineralisation 矿化作用180. eluviation 淋溶作用181. calcification 钙化作用182. salinisation 盐化作用183. gleying 潜育化作用184. illuviation 淀积作用185. savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳）186. saline soil 盐土187. biogeography 生物地理学188. biotic ; abiotic element 生物;非生物成分189. autotroph; heterotroph 自养生物；异养生物190. producer; consumer 生产者；消费者191. photosynthesis 光合作用192. herbivore 食草动物193. carnivore 食肉动物194. decomposer 分解者195. trophic pyramid 营养金字塔196. food web 食物网197. primary productivity 初级生产力198. gross productivity 总生产力199. net productivity 净生产力200. continental shelf 大陆架201. succession（prisere）演替202. climax community 顶级群落203. primary (secondary) succession 初级和次级演替English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1. Longitude and latitude ...........................经度和纬度P1 (1)Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earth...地球的自转和公转P6 (2)Lesson 4. The major classes of landforms...............主要地形类型P13 (6)Lesson 5 Delta plains ..........................................三角洲平原P16 (8)Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 (8)Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth .................................地球圈层P31 (8)Lesson 8 The rock cycle ..........................................岩石循环P43 (9)Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis .......................................成土作用p48 (10)Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流 P62 (11)Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................水循环P74 (11)Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use..................三种城市土地利用模式P97 (11)Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects...............空气污染原因和影响P168 (12)Lesson 14 Hurricane ...................................................飓风P182 (12)Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、The location of points on the earth’s surface follows a system in which lengthsof arc are measured along meridians and parallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、that desired point 欲量算的点3、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、almost universally 几乎一致6、The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes throughthe old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、be referred to as 被称为8、Long. 115。
地理专业英语词汇
地理专业英语词汇dose 剂量dosimeter 剂量计dot counter 圆点计数器dot density 点密度dot engraver 刻点仪dot grid 网点板dot line 点线dot map 点描法地图dot method 点描法dot screen 点状网目板double bond 双键double cassette 双重暗盒double coast line 双海岸线double decomposition 复分解double image tacheometer 双像视距仪double image tube 双像望远镜double layer 双层double levelling 双程水准测量double line cutter 双线刻针double measurement 双观测double projection 双重投影double projector 立体测图仪double refraction 双折射double ruling pen 双曲线笔double sampling in aerial photo 像片双重抽样法double stadiometer 双像测距仪double volcano 双火山downfold 海槽downgust 下降风downpour 倾盆大雨downthrow fault 下落断层downward erosion 下切侵蚀drab clay 淡褐色粘土draft requirement 牵引阻力drafting accuracy 绘图精度drafting board 绘图板drag coefficient 阻力系数drag folds 拖曳褶皱drag turf 沼泽草炭drain 排水沟drain tile 排水瓦管drainage 排水drainage anomaly 水系异常drainage area 汇伶积drainage basin 硫drainage channel 排水渠道drainage divide 硫分界线drainage gallery 排水廊道drainage lake 排水湖drainage map 硫图drainage pattern 水系类型drainage plate 水系版drainage rate 排水比率drainage terrace 排水阶地drainage tube 排水管draining trench 小排水沟draining well 排水井drainless area 无排水区drawdown 水位降落drawdown of well 井水位下降drawing 绘图drawing base 图板drawing board 绘图板drawing card 绘图纸drawing ink 绘图墨drawing key 底图drawing paper 图纸drawing pen 绘图笔drawing technique 绘图方法dredge 挖掘泥船dredging 挖泥dressing 造矿drift 漂流漂移drift beds 冰碛层drift clay 冰碛粘土drift current 吹流drift dammed lake 冰碛湖drift furrows 冰碛沟drift ice 浮冰drift load 运积物drift sand 脸drift soil 漂积土drifting snow storm 高吹雪driftless area 无碛带drill hole 钻孔drilling exploration 钻探drilling fluid 钻液drilling mud 钻探泥浆drilling time log 钻进记录drinking water 饮料水driver 驱动器传动装置drizzle 毛毛雨dropbow compasses 弹簧点圆规drosograph 露量记录仪drosometer 露量计drought 干旱drought resistance 耐旱性droughty water discharge 最低水位drowned delta 沉溺三角洲drowned reef 沉没礁drowned river 沉溺河drowned valley 溺谷drug plant 药用植物drumlin 鼓丘dry adiabat 干绝热线dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程dry air 干空气dry biomass 干重dry bulb thermometer 干球温度计dry bulk density 干容重dry climate 干燥气候dry desert raw soil 干旱漠境粗质土dry farmland cultral vegetation 旱地栽培植被dry gas 干燥气体dry hole 干孔dry matter 干物dry meadow 干草甸dry period 干燥期dry surface ratio of soil 土壤干表面比率dry wind 干旱风dry year 枯水年dryer 干燥机drying 干燥ductile fault 韧性断层ductility 延伸性dull 浑浊的dunite 纯橄榄岩duplicate copy 复本duplicate film 复制胶片duplication 复制durain 暗煤duration of flood tide 涨潮持续时间durinode 硬结核聚积层duripan 硬磐durmast oak forest 冬青栎林dusk 黄昏dust avalanche 尘崩dust fall 落尘dust horizon 尘埃层dust mulch 细土覆盖层dust particles 尘粒dust storm 尘暴dusty crust 粉状结壳duty of water 罪需水量dwarf 矮小dwarf birch 矮桦dwarf forest 矮林dwarf forms 矮型dwarf shrub 小灌木dwarf soil 薄层土dwarf tree 矮乔木dwarfness 矮小性dy 湖底腐泥dye plant 染料罪dyeline printing 重氮复印法dyke 岩脉dynamic correction 动力改正dynamic error 动态误差dynamic geomorphology 动力地形学dynamic image analysis 动态影象分析dynamic modulus of elasticity 动力弹性模数dynamic photogrammetry 动态摄影测量dynamic similarity 动态相似性dynamic stability 动态稳定性dynamo thermal metamorphism 热动力变质dynamometamorphic deposit 动力变质矿床dynamometamorphic rock 动力变质岩dysosmia 嗅觉障碍dystrandept 不饱和火山灰始成土dystric arenosols 不饱和红砂土dystric cambisols 不饱和始成土dystric fluvisols 不饱和冲积土dystric gleysols 不饱和潜育土dystric histosols 不饱和有机土dystric lithosols 不饱和石质土dystric nitosols 不饱和强风化粘磐土dystric planosols 不饱和粘磐土dystric podzoluvisols 不饱和灰化土dystrochrept 不饱和淡始成土dystrophic lake 无滋养湖dystrophic peat 瘠薄泥炭dystropic ranker 酸性硅质粗骨土pace and compass traverse map 目测地图pack film 盒装软片pack ice 六群packing 包装packsand 紧砂paddy 水稻paddy cultural vegetation 水稻栽培植被paddy field 稻田paddy rice 水稻paddy soil 水稻土pagoscope 测霜仪pahoehoe lava 绳状熔岩painting 着色palaearctic subregion 古北极亚区palaeoclimate 古气候palaeoglaciology 古冰川学palaeohydrogeology 古水文地质学palaeotopography 古地形学palatability 适口性palearctic faunistic region 古北极动物区palehumult 残存腐殖质老成土paleoanthropology 古人类学paleoautecology 古个体生态学paleobiochemistry 古生化学paleobiogeographic province 古生物地理区paleobiogeography 古生物地理学paleobiotope 古生物境paleobotany 古植物学paleoceanography 古海洋学paleocene 古新世paleoclimate 古气候paleoclimatology 古气候学paleocoastline 古海岸线paleoecology 古生态学paleoendemism 古狭区现象paleoenvironment 古环境paleogene 早第三纪paleogeography 古地理学paleogeomorphology 古地形学paleogeothermometry 古地温学paleohydrology 古水文学paleoichnology 古痕迹学paleokarst 古喀斯特paleolithic age 旧石票代paleolithic culture 旧石票代文化paleomagnetic method 古地磁法paleomagnetism 古地磁学paleontological facies 古生物相paleontology 古生物学paleopalynology 古孢粉学paleopathology 古病理学paleopedology 古土壤学paleophytic era 古植物代paleophytology 古植物学paleosalinity 古盐度paleoshore line 古海岸线paleoshore line variation 古海岸线变化paleosol 古土壤paleosynecology 古群落生态学paleotectonic map 古构造图paleotemperature 古温度paleothermometry 古温度测定paleotropical region 古热带区paleovegetation 古植被paleovolcanology 古火山学paleozoic era 古生代paleozoology 古动物学paleudalf 残存湿淋溶土palimpsest relief 变余地形palingenesis 再生酌palladium 钯palm grove 棕榈林palsa 穹形泥炭丘paludal forest 沼泽林paludification 泥炭形成过程palynology 孢粉学pampa 南美大草原pampero 帕姆佩罗冷风pan 磐层pan horizon 硬盘层pancake ice 饼状冰panclimax 泛演替顶极pandermite 白硼钙石pangaea 泛大陆panicle 圆锥花序panning 淘洗panorama 全景图panoramic aerial photography 全景航空摄影panoramic camera 全景摄影机panoramic photography 全景摄影panoramic radar 全景雷达panplain 大泛滥平原;泛准平原panplanation 泛夷平pantellerite 碱烈pantograph 缩放仪pantropical distribution 泛热带分布paper characteristics 纸质paper chromatography 纸色谱法paper distortion 纸张变形parabola 抛物线parabola of cohesion 内聚力抛物线parabolic dunes 新月形沙丘parabraunerde 次生棕壤paraclase 断层裂缝paragenesis 共生paragenetic rule 共生规则parageosyncline 副地槽paragneiss 副片麻岩paragonimiasis 并殖吸虫病paragonite 钠云母paralaurionite 单斜水氯铅矿paralithic contact 异元母质层parallactic angle 视差角parallactic microscope 视差显微镜parallax 视差parallax bar 视差杆parallel 平行圈parallel evolution 平行进化parallel flow 平行流parallel fold 平行褶皱parallel scan 并联扫描parallel unconformity 假整合parallelism 平行性paramagnetism 顺磁性parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计paraplatform 副地台parasite rate 寄生虫率parasitic crater 寄生火口parasitic volcano 寄生火山parasitism 寄生paratype 副型paravauxite 磷铁铝矿parenchyma 柔组织parent element 母元素parent material 母质parent rock 母岩parity 奇偶性park forest 森林公园park landscape 公园景观part 部分part sheet 非整张图partial carbondioxide pressure 碳酸分压力partialcorrelation coefficient 偏相关系数partial pressure 分压partial proportional symbol 半依比例尺符号partial valence 余价particle charge 粒子电荷particle sharp 颗粒形状particle size 颗粒大小particle size analysis 颗粒分析particle size distribution 颗粒分布particular scale 局部比例尺parting 分裂partition chromatography 分配色谱partition law 分配律partitioned matrix 分块矩阵parts per million 百万分之一pass 隘口passage 通道passband 通带passive microwave remote sensing 无源微波遥感passive remote sensing 无源遥感passive soil formers 惰性成土因素pasturage 牧草pasture 牧场pasture grass 牧草pasture season 放牧季节pasture value 牧埸价值paternoster lakes 串珠湖path 小路pathfinder element 探途元素pathogenesis 发病机理pathogenic bacteria 病原菌pathology 病理学patina 氧化膜pattern 图案pattern digitization 图形数字化y axis y轴y coordinate 纵坐标y plane xy 平面year of publication 出版年代yearly ring 生长轮yeast 酵母yellow aphids 黄蚜yellow brown soil 黄棕壤yellow brown soils 黄棕色土壤yellow fever 黄热病yellow fever virus 黄热病病毒yellow filter 黄滤光镜yellow podzolic soils 灰化黄壤yellow sand 黄沙yellow soil 黄壤yellowing 黄化yelow mud 黄泥yermosols 漠境土yew grove 紫杉林yield factors 产量因素yield forecast 单产预报yield index 产量指标yield model 产量模型yield of grass 产草量yield programming 产量程序设计yielding 收获量yielding capacity 生产量young forest 幼龄林young mountains 幼年山young platform 幼年性台地young stage 幼年期young topography 幼年地形young valley 幼年谷ytterbium 镱yttrium 钇yttrocrasite 钛钇钍矿point bar 曲邻侧沙洲point contact method 接触样点法point of inflection 拐点point of intersection 交点point of object 物点point of origin 起始点point of staff 立尺点point of support 支点point of zero distortion 等角点point symbol 点状符号point target 点目标poison 毒poisoning 中毒poisonous fungi 有毒菌类poisonous plant 有毒植物polar adsorption 极性吸附polar air mass 极地气团polar anticyclone 极地反气旋polar aurora 极光polar axis 极轴polar bond 极性键polar circle 极圈polar climate 极地气候polar coordinates 极坐标polar distance 极间距离polar front 极锋polar lakes 极地湖polar molecule 极性分子polar motion 极移polar night 极夜polar orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星polar planimeter 定极求积仪polar projection 极投影polar solvent 极性溶剂polar stereographic mosaic 极射赤面拼图polar year 极年polar zone 极带polarimeter 偏光计polaris 北极星polariscope 偏光仪polarizability 极化率polarization 极化polarization factor 偏振因子polarization force 极化力polarization microscope 偏光显微镜polarization pyrometer 偏振高温计polarizer 偏振镜polarizing spectrophotometer 偏振分光光度计polaroid 偏振片polder land 堤围泽地pole 极pole of equator 赤道极pole stand 圆杆材pole wood 圆杆材poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎political map 政区地图polje 灰岩盆地pollution of plant nutritions 植物营养物质污染pollution of river 河鳞染pollution sources 污染源polonium 钋polster plant 垫状植物pollinator 传粉者pollutant 污染物pollutant behavior 污染物行为pollutant destiny 污染物前途pollutant pathway 污染物前途pollutant type 污染物类型polluted fish 污染鱼polluted water 污染水pollution 污染pollution abatement 污染抑制pollution by organochlorine pesticides 有机氯农药污染pollution by organophosphorus pesticides 有机磷农药污染pollution free technology 无污染工艺pollution load 污染负荷pollution of atmosphere 大气污染pollution of heavy metals 重金属污染pollution of paddy soils 水稻土污染polyad 多价物polychromatic transmittance 多色透过率polyconic projection 多圆锥投影polycyclic relief 多循环地形polyenetical mountains 复成山地polygenetic conglomerate 复成砾岩polygenetic soil 多元土壤polygenetic terrace 多成因阶地polygenetic volcano 复成火山polygeosyncline 复地槽polygonal bog 多边形沼泽polygonal fissure soil 多角形裂缝土polygonal soil 多边形土壤polygonal traverse 导线polygonal tundra 多边形冻原polygonometric point 导线点polygonometric side 导线边polygonometric work 导线测量polygonometry 多角测量polyhedric projection 多面体投影polymerization 聚合酌polymetamorphic rock 多相变质岩polymetamorphism 多相变质polymineralization 复矿化polymorphism 多形polyp 珊烘polyphagous animals 多食性动物polysaccharide 多糖类polytric pine forest 金发藓松林polytropic atmosphere 多元大气polytype 多种类型polyzoa 苔藓虫类pond 池ponded water 积水ponor 落水洞pool 潭poor ore 贫矿poplar stand 杨手poplar willow forest 杨束林population 母体population center 人口中心population density 人口密度population distribution 人口分布population dynamics 种群动态population ecology 种群生态学population information system 人口信息系统population map 人口地图population parameter 总体参数porcelain clay 瓷土pore 气孔pore angle water 间隙水pore pressure 孔隙压力pore size distribution 孔隙大小分配pore space 孔隙pore water 孔隙水porosimeter 孔隙率计porosity 孔隙度porosity of soil 土壤孔隙率porous structure 多孔结构porphyrite 玢岩porphyritic granite 斑状花岗岩porphyritic texture 斑状结构porphyroblast 斑状变晶porphyroid 残斑变质岩porphyry 斑岩porphyry copper deposit 斑岩铜矿床port city 港口城市portolan charts 波多兰航海图position 位置position determination 位置测定position error 位置误差position of rest 静止位置positioning of lettering 注记配置positive 阳片positive anomaly 正异常positive charge 正电荷positive element 阳性元素positive film 正像胶片positive image 正像positive ion 阳离子positive landforms 正地形positive ore 实矿石positive scribing 阳像刻图positive valence 正价possible ore 可能矿量possible reservers 可能储量possible sunshine hours 可能日照时间postel projection 波斯托投影poster map 宣传地图posterior probability 后验概率postglacial epoch 全新统postglacial period 冰后期pot 坩埚potable water 饮料水potamology 河川学potamoplankton 河痢游生物potash rhyolite 钾碱疗岩potassium 钾potassium adsorption ratio 钾吸附比率potential 势potential acidity 潜性酸度potential determining ion 电位决定离子potential difference 电位差potential distribution 电位分布potential electrode 电位电极potential energy 位能potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸发蒸腾potential productivity 潜在生产力potentiometer 电位计potentiometric analysis 电位分析potentiometric titration 电位滴定pothole 瓯穴poultry 家禽powder avalanche 粉末状崩power like structure 粉状结构practical application 实际应用prairie 普列利草原prairie forest soil 湿草原森林土prairie grey soil 湿草原灰色土prairie soil 普列利土prairie steppe brown soil 棕色湿草原土prairie timber zone 森林草原带praseodymium 镨pre boreal time 前北方期preceding crop 前罪precession 岁差precipice 悬崖precipitable water 可降水precipitate 沉淀precipitation 沉淀precipitation barrier 沉淀障precipitation current 降水电流precipitation echo 降水回波precipitation evaporation ratio 降雨蒸发比precipitation gage 雨量器precipitation intensity 降水强度precipitation inversion 降水逆增precipitation reaction 沉淀反应precise leveling 精密水准测量precise leveling instrument 精密水准仪precise leveling staff 精密水准标尺precise reading 精密读数precision 精度precision measurement 精密测量precision processing 精密处理prediction 预报predictive encoding 预测编码predominance 优势predominant height 知高度preferential leaching 优先淋出preferential species 适宣种preferred orientation 择优取向prefrontal squall line 锋前阵风线preglacial relief 冰前地形prehistoric archaeology 史前考古学prehistoric irrigation system 史前灌溉系统prehistoric roadway 史前道路prehistorical site 史前遗址prehistorical village 史前村庄preliminary layout 地图设计presentized printing plate 预制感光板preservation 保存pressure altimeter 气压测高计pressure altitude 气压高度pressure barrier 压力壁垒pressure center 气压中心pressure change 气压变化pressure distribution 气压分布pressure field 气压场pressure gage 压力器压力表pressure gradient 气压梯度pressure of water vapor 水汽压pressure system 气压系统pressure tendency 气压倾向pressure topography 等压面形势pressure trough 气压槽pressure waves 气压波prestretching pressing 空压印prevailing westerlies 盛行午prevailing wind 盛行风primary clay 原生粘土primary colors 原色primary community 原始群落primary data 知数据primary deposit 原始沉积primary dispersion halos 原生分散晕primary environment 原生环境primary geochemical anomaly 原生地球化学异常primary geosyncline 正地槽primary host 首要宿主primary mineral 原生矿物primary ore 原生矿石primary peneplain 原始准平原primary production 初级生产量primary productivity 初级生产率primary rainbow 昼primary sedimentary structure 原生沉积构造primary skeletal structure 原生骨结构primary soil 原始土壤primary standard 原标准primary structure 原生构造primary succession 原生演替primary valence 舟prime meridian 起初子午线primeval climax 原生顶极primeval forest 原生林primitive soil 原始土principal axis 轴principal component 知组份principal contour 助线principal direction 纸向principal earthquake 逐principal horizontal line 之平线principal isobaric surfaces 标准等压面principal object point 物方帚principal plane 宙principal point of objective 物镜帚principal quantum number 挚子数principal reaction 知反应principal refractive index 舟射率principal scale 秩例尺principal stress 枝力principal traverse 旨线principal valence 舟principal vertical line 止线principle 原理principle of energy dissipation 能量耗散原理principle of geochemical distribution 地球化学的分布法则principle of historicism 历史皱原理principle of least action 最小酌原理principle of mobile component 活动组分的原则principle of optimality 最优化原理principle scheme 原理图principles of cartographic representation 地图表示原则printed image 印刷版图形printed surface 印刷面printer 打印机printing format 印刷幅面printing surface 印刷版面prior data bank 先验数据库prior probability 先验概率prisere 正常演替系列prism 棱镜prism like structure 似棱柱状结构prismatic jointing 柱状节理private cartography 民间地图制图probability 概率probability distribution function 概率分布函数probability of detection 发现概率probable error 概率误差probable ore 可能矿藏probable reserves 可能储量probe 试探器探针procaryote 原核生物process 过程process camera 复照仪processing 处理processing command 处理命令processor 处理机procryptic coloration 保护色producer 生产者producing horizon 生产层product 产物productivity 生产力profile 剖面profile of equilibrium 平衡曲面profundal zone 深底带proglacial lake 冰堰湖prognosis 预报program flow chart 程序良programming 程序设计progressive metamorphism 前进变质酌progressive motion 前进运动progressive proofs 套色打样progressive succession 进展演替projection 投射projection camera 摄影机projection leaf area index 投影叶面积指数projection method 投影法projectual map 透谬片图prolonged rain 持续雨proluvium 洪积物promethium 钜proof checking 样图审校proof press 印样机proof printing 校样版prop root 支持根prophylaxis 预防propionic acid 丙酸propionic fermentation 丙酸发酵proportion 比例proportional dividers 比例规proprioceptive reflex 本体感受反射propylite 青磐岩propylitization 绿盘岩化prospect pit 探井prospect tunnel 勘探坑道prospecting 勘探prospecting by primary halos 原生晕找矿法prospecting work 勘探工作protactinium 镤protactinium dating 镤测定年龄法protected area 保护区protected area of mire 沼泽保护区protected species 受保护物种protecting glass 防护玻璃protective adaptation 保护适应protective coating 保护膜protective colloid 保护胶体protective forest belts 护田林带protein 蛋白protein metabolism 蛋白质代谢酌proteolysis 解蛋白酌protista 原生生物protogine 绿泥花岗岩protoplasma 原生质prototectonics 原始构造protozoans 原生动物protractor 量角器分度规protruding delta 突出三角洲proved reserve 勘定储量provenance 原产地province 地区proxemics 空间关系学proximate analysis 近似分析psamment 砂新成土psammite 砂质岩psammitic texture 砂质结构psammophytes 砂生植物psammophytic vegetation 砂生植被psammosere 沙生演替系列psephite 砾质岩psephitic structrue 砾状结构pseudo adiabatic process 拟绝热过程pseudo anticline 假背斜pseudoadiabat 拟绝热线pseudobomb 拟火山弹pseudoconical projection 拟圆锥投影pseudocylindrical projection 伪圆柱投影pseudoequivalent potential temperature 假相当位温pseudogley 伪潜育pseudomorphism 伪像pseudomycelium 伪菌丝体pseudopodzol 假灰化土pseudopodzolization 假灰化过程pseudorandom number 伪随机数pseudostereoscopy 拟立体法pseudosyncline 假向斜psilomelane 硬锰矿psychrometer 干湿表psychrometric table 湿度表psychrophyte 寒土植物pteridophytes 蕨类植物pteropod ooze 翼足虫软泥ptygmatic fold 肠状褶皱pubescent oak forest 毛柞栎手public cleaning 公共净化public nuisance 公害publication original 出版原图puddlability 压实度puddled soil 紧实土puddling 捣实pull 样张pulp 矿泥pulsation 脉动pulvered structure 粉末结构pumice 浮石pumice cone 浮石锥pumice fall deposit 浮石下落堆积层pumice flow 浮石流浮岩流pumice sand 浮石砂pumice tuff 浮石凝灰岩pumping level 抽水高程pumping station 泵站pumping tests 扬水试验pupa 蛹pure line 纯系pure pixel 正象元pure thicket 纯植丛purity 纯度purple soil 紫色土purple sulfur bacteria 紫色硫磺细菌push moraine 推进冰碛putrefaction 腐朽putrefactive bacterium 腐烂细菌pycnometer 比重计pyranometer 日射强度表pyrgeometer 地面辐射表pyrheliometer 直接日射强度计pyrite 黄铁矿pyritization 黄铁矿化pyrobituminous shale 沥青页岩pyrochlore 烧绿石pyroclastic cone 集块火山锥pyroclastic rock 火成碎屑岩pyrogenetic element 火成元素pyroheliometer 日温计pyrolusite 软锰矿pyrometamorphism 高热变质pyrometasomatic deposit 热液交代矿床pyrope 镁铝榴石pyrophyte 耐火植物pyropissite 蜡煤pyroxene 辉石pyroxenite 辉岩pyroxenolite 辉石岩pyrrhotine 磁黄铁矿pyruvic acid 丙酮酸organ 瀑organic acid 有机酸organic chemistry 有机化学organic colloids 有机胶体organic compound 有机化合物organic environment 有机环境organic fertilizer 有机肥料organic geochemistry 有机地球化学organic geochemistry method 有机地球化学法organic matter 有机物organic rock 有机岩organic silt 沼泥炭organic soil 有机土organic substance 有机物质organic weathering 有机风化organo metallic compound 有机金属化合物organomercurous fungicide 有机汞杀菌剂orictocoenosis 化石群oriental region 东洋区orientation 方位orientation elements 方位元素orientation movement 定向运动orientation of crystal 晶体定位orientation point 方位点origin 原点origin of coordinates 坐标原点origin of elements 元素的起源origin of life 生命起原original 原图original mineral 原生矿物original order 正常层序original plot 原图original soil 原始土壤original surface 起始面ornithology 鸟类学ornithosis 鸟疫orogen 造山带orogenetic movements 造山运动orogenic belt 造山带orogenic cycle 造山旋回orogenic period 造山期orogenic phase 造山相orogenic sequence 山地土系列orogenic soil 山地土壤orographic clouds 地形云orographic cyclone 地形气旋orographic occlusion 地形锢囚orographic precipitation 地形性降水orographic rain 地形雨orographic snow line 地形雪线orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴orographic winds 地形风orohydrography 山地水文学orology 山岳学orometry 山岳测量法orophyte 山岳植物orthent 正常新成土orthic acrisols 典型强淋溶土orthic ferralsols 典型铁铝土orthic luvisols 典型淋溶土orthic podzols 典型灰壤orthic solonchaks 典型盐土orthic solonetz 典型碱土orthid 典型旱成土orthite 褐帘石orthochromatic emulsion 正色乳剂orthoclase 正长石orthoclasite 微粒正长岩orthod 灰土orthogenesis 定向进化orthogeosyncline 正地槽orthogneiss 正片麻岩orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal system 正交系orthographic projection 正射投影orthography of geographic names 地名正字法orthometric correction 正高改正orthometric height 正高orthomorphic projection 正形投影orthophotograph 正射相像片orthophotography 正射投影orthoprinter 正射投影装置orthoprojection 正射投影orthoprojector 正射投影装置orthostereoscopy 正立体法orthox 正常氧化土ortstein 硬盘oscillation 振荡oscillation center 振动中心oscillation frequency 振荡频率oscillatory ripples 摆动波痕osier bed 柳林osmium 锇osmoregulation 渗透第osmotic equilibrium 渗透平衡osmotic exchange 渗透交换osmotic potential 渗透势osmotic pressure 渗透压力osmotic regulation 渗透第osmotic suction 渗透吸力osteopsathyrosis 骨脆症outcrop 露头outcrop of ground water 地下水露头outer shell electron 外电子outflow 瘤outgoing radiance 射出光亮度outgoing radiation 逸出辐射outlet 出水口outlet glacier 注出冰川outlier 遗证岗outline 轮廓线outline chart 略图outline draught 平面图绘制outline map 略图output 输出output device 输出设备output image 输出图像output per hectare 每公顷产量outwash 冰水沉积outwash gravel 漂水砾outwash plain 冰水沉积平原ovary 子房over exposure 过度曝光over irrigation 滥灌overburden pressure 表土层压overdeepened valley 过蚀谷overdevelopment 过度显影overfall 溢水坝overflow 溢流overflow dam 溢劣overflow meadow 泛滥草甸overflowing 洪水overfold overturned fold 倒转褶皱overground part 地上部分overhead irrigation 人工降雨overheating 过热overland flow 坡面漫流overland runoff 地表瘤overlap 超复。
地理专业英语
地理专业英语geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线,经线parallel 平行圈,纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形,地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的,陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物,沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石physical geography 自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra firma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow (小)草原prairie (大)草原lake 湖泊pond 池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor, moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune 沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah (南美)大草原virgin forest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word and phrase1、core; mantle; crust 地核;地幔;地壳4、continental crust 大陆地壳5、granite; basalt 花岗岩;玄武岩6、sial; sima 硅铝层;硅镁层7、surface waves; body 、、面波;体波8、epicentre; focus 震中;震源9、lithosphere 岩石圈10、tectonic plate 构造板块11、continetal drift 大陆漂移12、asthenosphere 软流层13、ocean ridge 洋脊14、ocean trench 海沟15、subduction 俯冲作用16、volcanism 火山作用17、fold mountain 褶皱山脉18、fold; fault 褶皱;断层19、sedimentary rocks 沉积岩20、vent 火山口21、lava 熔岩22、volcanic cones 火山锥23、parasitic cone 寄生火山锥24、plug 岩颈25、volcanic ash 火山灰26、mechanical weathering 机械风化27、chemical weathering 化学风化28、freeze-thaw 冻融29、pressure release 卸荷释重30、limestone 石灰岩31、hydrolysis 水解作用32、quartz 石英33、hydration 水合作用34、oxidation 氧化作用35、alluvium 冲击层36、gravel 砂砾37、denudation 剥蚀作用38、precipitation 降水39、climatic zone 气候带40、mid-latitude 中纬度41、semi-arid 半干旱42、tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候43、watershed 分水岭44、drainage basin 流域45、regolith 风化层46、soil creep 土壤蠕动47、mass movement 块体运动48、strata 地层49、overland runoff 地表径流50、sheet wash 片状冲刷51、pediment 山前侵蚀平原(山足面)52、rockfall 山崩53、landslide 滑坡54、interception 截流55、evapotranspiration 蒸发与蒸腾总量56、capillary rise 毛管上升57、aeration zone 包气带58、overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流;壤中流;地下径流59、water table 潜水面(水位)60、basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积61、tributary 支流;62、trunk stream 干流63、drainage density 河网密度64、flood plain 泛滥平原65、coniferous tree 松树67、inselberg 岛状山68、equator 赤道69、monsoon 季风70、storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线71、discharge 流量72、peak flow 洪峰流量73、rainfall peak 降水峰值74、precipitation intensity 降水强度75、land use 土地利用76、water-born waste 水成废弃物77、heavy metal 重金属78、climatology 气候学79、urban heat island 城市热岛80、deciduous trees 落叶树81、upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游82、vertical erosion 下切侵蚀83、headward erosion 溯源侵蚀84、lateral erosion 侧蚀85、pot-hole 壶穴86、meander 曲流87、ox-bow lake 牛轭湖88、delta 三角洲89、lake basin 湖盆90、levee 天然提91、rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀92、clay;silt;sand;粘土;粉砂;砂93、suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物94、atmospherical fallout 大气沉降95、laminar flow 层流96、turbulent flow 紊流97、riffle; pool 浅滩;深槽98、channel roughness 河道粗糙度99、sandbar 沙坝100、thalweg 中泓线101、estuary 河口102、lagoon 泻湖103、salinity 盐度104、coastline 海岸线105、dune 沙丘106、suspension; saltation; creep 悬移;跃移;蠕移107、dust storm 尘暴108、windward; leeward 迎风;背风109、prevailing wind 盛行风110、deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111、aridity 干燥度112、tropic of cancer 北回归线113、tropic of capricorn 南回归线114、gobi 戈壁115、continentality 大陆度116、cold ocean current 寒流117、plateau 高原118、alluvial fan 冲积扇119、pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120、deflation 风蚀121、moraine 冰碛122、glacial;interglacial 冰期;间冰期123、Recent 全新世124、Quaternary Era 第四纪125、periglacial period 冰缘期126、nivation 冰蚀127、earth’ orbit 地球轨道128、plucking 挖蚀129、abrasion 磨蚀130、pyramidal peak 角峰131、arete 刃脊132、cirque 冰斗133、horn 角峰134、U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷135、fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136、drumlin 鼓丘137、terminal moraine 终碛138、outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139、kettle hole 锅穴140、wavelength 波长141、crest;trough 波峰;波谷142、wave period 周期143、wave frequency 波频144、wave height 波高145、wave refraction 波浪折射146、tidal range 潮差147、stack 海蚀柱148、arch 海蚀拱桥149、headland 海岬150、troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo- 对流层(顶)、平流、中间、热成151、pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力152、isobar 等压线153、sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压154、cirrus 卷云155、cumulus 积云156、stratus 层云157、cumulonimbus 积雨云158、convection rain 对流雨159、thunderstorm 雷雨160、depression 低气压161、frontal rain 锋面雨162、orographic rain 地形雨163、equatorial trough 赤道低压槽164、front 锋165、temperature inversion 逆温166、soil texture 土壤质地167、loam 壤土168、soil structure 土壤结构169、soil moisture 土壤水分170、field capacity 田间持水量171、cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量172、podzol 灰化土173、brown earth 褐土174、sandstone 砂岩175、gley 潜育土176、azonal soil 非地带性土壤177、soil horizon 土层178、humification 腐殖化作用179、mineralisation 矿化作用180、eluviation 淋溶作用181、calcification 钙化作用182、salinisation 盐化作用183、gleying 潜育化作用184、illuviation 淀积作用185、savanna 热带稀树草原(萨王纳) 186、saline soil 盐土187、biogeography 生物地理学188、biotic ; abiotic element 生物;非生物成分189、autotroph; heterotroph 自养生物;异养生物190、producer; consumer 生产者;消费者191、photosynthesis 光合作用192、herbivore 食草动物193、carnivore 食肉动物194、decomposer 分解者195、trophic pyramid 营养金字塔196、food web 食物网197、primary productivity 初级生产力198、gross productivity 总生产力199、net productivity 净生产力200、continental shelf 大陆架201、succession(prisere) 演替202、climax community 顶级群落203、primary (secondary) succession 初级与次级演替English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1、 Longitude and latitude ...........................经度与纬度P1 (1)Lesson 2、 Rotation and revolution of the earth...地球的自转与公转P6 (2)Lesson 4、 The major classes of landforms...............主要地形类型P13 (6)Lesson 5 Delta plains ..........................................三角洲平原P16 (8)Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞与喀斯特景观P21 (8)Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth .................................地球圈层P31 (8)Lesson 8 The rock cycle ..........................................岩石循环P43 (9)Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis .......................................成土作用p48 (10)Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流 P62 (11)Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................水循环P74 (11)Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use..................三种城市土地利用模式P97 (11)Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects...............空气污染原因与影响P168 (12)Lesson 14 Hurricane ...................................................飓风P182 (12)Lesson 1、 LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度与纬度1、The location of points on the earth’s surface follows a system in which lengthsof arc are measured along meridians and parallels;测定地球表面上点的位置就是按照沿着子午线(经线)与纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、that desired point 欲量算的点3、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、almost universally 几乎一致6、The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes throughthe old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、be referred to as 被称为8、Long、 115。
地理相关英语词汇（1）_地理专业英语词汇
abandoned land 弃耕地abiltic factor 非生物因素；非生命因素abiotic environment 非生物环境；非生命环境ablation 消融〔作用〕abney level 手水准仪aborigine 土著abrasion (corrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕刻蚀〔作用〕abrasion (wave-cut) platform 海蚀平台absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute instability 绝对不稳定〔状态〕absolute stability 绝对稳定〔状态〕absolute temperature 绝对温度absorption 吸收〔作用〕abyssal region 深海区acacia 合欢树acacia confusa 中国台湾相思accelerated erosion 加速侵蚀accessibility 可达度；能达度acclimatization 气候适应accordant drainage 协调水系；调和水系accretion 加积〔作用〕accumulated temperature 积温acid lava 酸性熔岩acid rain 酸雨acid soil 酸性土壤acidic rock 酸性岩acidity (1) 酸度，(2) 酸性activated sludge 活性污泥active layer 活动层；活土层active recreation 主动性康乐active volcano 活火山activity space 活动空间actual evapotranspiration 实际蒸散〔量〕adiabatic cooling 绝对冷却；绝热降温adiabatic heating 绝对增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热递减率；绝热直减率adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic temperature change 绝热温度变化adit mining 棋坑开采法advection 平流advection fog 平流雾aeolian deposit (sediment) 风积物aeration (1)通气[性]，(2)曝气aeration tank 曝气池aerial photograph 航空照片；空中照片aerobic 需氧aerobic treatment 需氧处理aerosol 气溶胶；雾体；大气微粒aesthetic pollution 美感污染aesthetic quality 美感质素afforestation 造林；植林aftershock 余震age composition 年龄构成age group 年龄组别age structure 年龄结构aged-dependency ratio 老年人抚养〔比〕率agents of erosion 侵蚀作用力；侵蚀营力age-sex pyramid 年龄性别金字塔age-specific fertility rate 年龄别生育率age-specific marriage rate 年龄别结婚率age-specific mortality rate 年龄别死亡率agglomerate 集块岩agglomerated settlement 集居聚落agglomeration (1)结集；聚结，(2)聚居点agglomeration economies 集聚经济效益aggradated plain (aggradation plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggradation 右积作用；填积作用aggradation plain (aggradated plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggregate 团聚体；集合体aging of population 人口老化agrarian reform 土地改革agricultural location theory 农业区位理论agricultural waste 农业废料agriculture 农业agro-ecosystem 农业生态系统agrosystem 农业系统a-horizon a层；淋溶层air circulation 空气环流；空气循环air composition 空气成分；空气组成air control zone 空气管制区air mass 气团air mass modification 气团变性air parcel 气块air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 空气污染；大气污染air pollution source 空气污染〔来〕源air pressure 气压air quality monitoring network 空气质素监察网albedo 反射率alfalfa 苜蓿alfisol 淋溶土algae 藻类algal bloom 藻类过量繁殖alkaline soil 碱性土alkalinity (1)碱度，(2)碱性alkalization 碱化〔作用〕allogenic river 外源河alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积物alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluviation 冲积作用alluvium 冲积物；冲积层alpine 高山alpine meadow soil 高山草甸土alpine mountain-building movement 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine vegetation 高山植物alpine-himalayan belt 阿尔卑斯－－喜马拉雅山带altimeter 高度计altiplano 高原（玻利维亚）altitude 高度altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium sesquioxide 三氧化二铝amenities 市容ammonia 氨ammophilous 喜砂amorphous 无定形amplitude (1)幅度，(2)振幅anabatic wind 上坡风anaerobic 厌氧anaerobic treatment 厌氧处理；缺氧处理ancillary service 辅助性服务〔行业〕anemometer 风速计aneroid barometer 空盒气压计angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾角angle of repose 休止角angular (compass, whole circle) bearing 方位角angulate drainage 角状水系animal husbandry 畜牧〔业〕anion 阴离子；负离子annotated map 注释图annual flood 年最大流量；年最大洪水annual mean temperature 年平均温annual rainfall 年雨量annual range of temperature 年温差annual runoff 年径流；年径流量annular drainage 环状水系antarctic circle 南极圈antecedent drainage 先成水系anthracite 无烟煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anticline 背斜anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋式环流anvil cloud 砧状云apartment building 住宅大厦apex (1)冲积扇顶，(2)顶点aquaculture 水产养殖aquatic plant 水生植物aqueduct 引水槽aquifer 畜水层arable farming 耕作农业arable land 〔可〕耕地arch (1)背斜，(2)拱顶，(3)穹窿archimedes' screw 〔阿基米得式〕螺旋水斗archipelago 群岛arctic air mass 北极气团arctic circle 北极圈arctic climate 北极气候arctic front 北极锋arcuate delta 弓形三角洲；扇形三角洲area sampling 区域抽样；地区抽样areal association 地区联系；地域联系areal differentiation 地域分异areal distribution 地区分布；地域分布areal specialization 地区专门化；地域专门化areal variation 地区差异；地域差异arete 刃脊；冰脊arid 干旱arid {dry} climate 干旱气候arid land 旱地aridisol 旱成土aridity 干燥〔度〕干旱〔度〕arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中项；算术中项arithmetic progression 等差级数；算术级数arterial highway 干线公路artesian basin 自流水盆地artesian water 自流水artesian well 自流井artificial climate 人造气候asbestosis 石棉沉着病ash and cinder cone 凝灰火山渣锥ash cone 凝灰火山锥ash lagoon 煤灰湖asker 蛇〔形〕丘aspect 坡向assembly industry 装配工业assembly line 装配线assimilation 同化〔作用〕association 联系assumed mean 假定平均数asthenosphere 软流圈；岩流圈asymmetrical fold 不对称折曲atlas 地图集atmosphere 大气；大气圈atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric circulation 大气环流atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动atmospheric heat balance 大气热平衡atmospheric heat source 大气热源atmospheric motion 大气流动atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 大气压力；气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atoll 环礁attrition 磨耗〔作用〕自磨〔作用〕aureole 〔接触〕变质带autotroph 自养生物autotrophic nutrition 自养营养autumnal equinox 秋分available relief (relative relief) 有效地势；相对地势avalanche 雪崩；山崩average cost 平均成本axial growth 轴向增长axial plane 轴面axial stream 山谷主要河流azimuth 方位角azonal soil 泛域土baby boom 生育高峰back bearing 倒后方位backshore 后滩；滨后〔滩〕backwall 后壁；后坡backwash 回流badland 劣地bajada (bahada) 山麓冲积扇带balanced community 均衡社区balanced ecosystem 平衡生态系统baltic-danish farming 波罗的－－丹麦农业bank deposit 河岸沉积〔物〕bank erosion 河岸侵蚀bank failure 塌岸bank full stage 满岸水位bank protection 护岸bankfull discharge 满岸流量bar 沙洲；沙坝bar chart (graph) 条形图；棒形图barbed drainage 倒状水系barchan 新月形沙丘barogram 自记气压曲线图barograph 自记气压计barometer 气压计barometric gradient 气压梯度barren land 荒地；瘠地barrier reef 堡礁；堤礁barrier to migration 迁徙障碍barysphere 重圈basal sapping 基部掏蚀basalt 玄武岩base flow 基本径流；底流base level 基准面base map 底图；基本图basic industry 基础工业basic lava 基性熔岩basic rock 基性岩basic sector 基础部门basin 盆地basin irrigation 淹灌basin perimeter 流域周长；流域周界basin planning 流域规划basin-and-range terrain 盆山相间地形batholith 岩基bauxite 铝土矿bayhead beach 湾头滩bazaar-type economy 摊贩经济beach 海滩beaded stream 串珠〔状〕河流beaufort scale 蒲福风级bed load 推移质；底沙bed scour 河床冲刷bedding 层理bedding plane 层面bed-load discharge 推移质输送量；底沙输送量bed-load transport 推移质输送；推移质搬运bedrock 基岩；底岩beef cattle 肉用牛behavioral adjustment 行为适应beheaded river (stream) 断头河bell-shaped curve 钟形曲线belt transect 样带bench 阶地bench mark (bm) 水准点beneficiation 矿物增效处理；富集bergschrund 冰后隙；冰斗隙best fit line 最优拟合线b-horizon b层；淀积层bias 偏误；偏差bidder 投标人；出价人bid-rent 出价地租bid-rent curve 出价地租曲线bifurcation ratio 分叉比；分叉率bimodal 集峰binomial curve 二项曲线biochemical oxygen demand(bod) 生化需氧量biocycle 生物循环biodegradation 生物降解biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环biogeography 生物地理学biological concentration 生物密集biological control 生物防治biological indicator 指示生物biological monitor 生物调节者biological productivity 生物生产力biological purification 生物净化biological weathering 生物风化biomass 生物量biome 生物群落biosphere 生物圈biota (biotic community) 生物群biotic balance (equilibrium) 生物平衡biotic barrier 生物阻限biotic climax 生物顶极〔群落〕biotic community (biota) 生物群biotic component 生物组元biotic condition 生物条件biotic environment 生物环境；生命环境biotic equilibrium (balance) 生物平衡biotic factor 生物因素；生命因素biotite 黑云母biotype 生物〔类〕型bird's foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birth control 节育；计划生育birth rate 出生率birth-death ratio 生死比率bituminous coal 烟煤black alkali soil 黑碱土black earth 黑土blast furnace 鼓风炉bleached horizon 漂白层blighted area (1)萎缩地区，(2)枯萎区blizzard 暴风雪；雪暴block diagram 立体图block disintegration 块状崩解；块状分裂block mountain 断块山blood rain 血雨blood worm 红虫；颤虫blow-hole 吹穴blowout (deflation hollow) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地bluff 陡坡；陡崖body wave 体波bog 藓沼；沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭bora 布拉风（地中海北岸）boreal climate 北部〔森林〕气候boreal forest 北部针叶林borehole 钻孔；探孔boulder 巨砾；石砾boulder clay 泥砾boulder fan 巨砾扇boulder-controlled slope 砾块控制坡boundary (1)界限，(2)边界boundary layer 边界层brackish water 微咸水brackish water habitat 微咸水生境braided stream 分汊河道branching channel 辫状河breaching of dyke 决堤break8ing point 市场分界点breaker zone 碎波区；破波区break-of-bulk-point 转运点breakwater 防波堤breccia 角砾岩breeder reactor 增殖反应堆breeze 微风bridging point 架桥点broad-leaved forest 阔叶林bromine 溴bronchial ailment 支气管失调brown desert steppe soil 棕色荒漠草原土；棕钙土brown earth 棕壤brown forest soil 棕色森林土brown podzolic soil 灰化棕色土；灰化棕壤browsing stock 放牧牲畜buckling (1)弯曲，(2)地壳弯曲buffer 缓冲built-up area 已建区bulk carrier 散装货轮bund 堤burgess's concentric model 伯吉斯同心区模式burrowing animal 穴居动物；钻洞动bush fallowing 灌丛休耕法bush veld 灌丛草原（南非）bushfire 林火business turnover 营业额butte 小方丘；孤丘buttress root 板根by-census 中期人口普查；中期户口统计cactus 仙人掌cadmium 镉cainozoic (cenozoic) era 新生calcareous crust 代钙质地表层；石灰结皮；石灰结壳calcareous rock 钙质岩calcareous soil 钙质土；石灰性土壤calcic horizon 钙质层calcification 钙化作用calcimorphic soil 钙成土calciphilous plant 适钙植物；喜钙植物calcite 方解石calcium carbonate 碳酸钙caldera 破火山口caledonian mountain-building movement 加里东造山运动caliche 钙质层calm (1)无风，(2)静calorie 卡路里；卡cambrian period 寒武纪camouflage 保护色作用canopy 冠层canyon 峡谷cape 岬〔角〕capillary action 毛〔细〕管作用capital (1)资金；资本，(2)首都capital accumulation 资本累积capital city 首都capital goods 资本货物capital investment 资本投资capital-intensive industry 资本密集工业cap-rock 冠岩；覆盖石caravan 商队(北非)carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon cycle 碳循环carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonaceous rock 炭质岩carbonation 碳化作用carbonic acid 碳酸carboniferous period 石炭纪carcinogen 致癌物cardinal points 方位基点caribou 驯鹿carnivore 食肉动物；食肉生物carrying capacity 负载能力cartographic technique 绘图技巧cartography 绘图学cascade 小瀑布case study 个案研究；学习事例cash crop 经济作物；现金作物cash tenancy 现金租用耕地制cassava 木薯cast iron 铸铁cataract 急流catastrophic effect 灾难性后果catch crop 填闲作物catchment area (1)集水区，(2)从属区catchwater 引水道category 类型；类别catena (soil catena) 土链cation 阳离子；正离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换能力；正离子交换能力cattle rearing 牧牛业cavern 岩洞cavitation 空化〔作用〕cellular circulation 环型环流celsius scale 摄氏温度表cementation 胶结〔作用〕cenozoic (cainozoic) era 新生代census 代人口普查；户口统计central business district (cbd) 商业中心区central city 中心城central place 中地；中心地central tendency 集中趋势centrality 中心性centralization 集中centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济centre of gravity 重心centrifugal drainage 离心水系centrifugal force 离心力centripetal drainage 向心水系centripetal force 向心力cereal 谷类cesspool 污水池；粪池chain island 列岛chain shop 连锁店chalk 白垩chance factor 机遇因素channel (1)海峡，(2)水道，(3)河槽；河床channel capacity 河道容量channel cutting 河道割切channel density 河网密度channel equilibrium 河道平衡channel erosion 河道侵蚀channel filling 河道淤塞channel flow 河道径流；河槽径流channel frequency 河道频数channel gradient (slope) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel improvement 河道整治channel length 河道长度channel realignment 河道改道channel roughness 河床糙度channel slope (gradient) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel width 河道宽度channelled runoff 河道径流channelling 开渠；开新槽chaparral 浓密常绿阔叶灌丛(美国加利福尼亚和墨西哥) chart 图；图表chemical industry 化学工业chemical oxygen demand (cod) 化学需氧量chemical waste 化学废物chemical weathering 化学风化chemically formed sedimentary rock 化学作用形成的沉积岩chemosynthesis 化合作用；化学合成chernozem 黑钙土chestnut brown soil 栗钙褐土chestnut soil 栗钙土child-bearing age group 生育年龄组chili 奇利风（突尼斯的干热风）chinook 钦诺克风（北美）chi-square 卡方chloroflurocarbons (cfcs) 氯氟碳chlorophyll 叶绿素c-horizon c层；母质层choropleth map 等值域图christaller's central place theory 克里斯泰勒中地学说chute (1)奔流；瀑流，(2)流槽cinder cone 火山渣锥circular causation 循环因果circum-pacific belt 环太平洋带circumpolar westerlies 环极西风cirque (corrie, cwm) 冰斗cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus 卷层云cirrus 卷云city 城市city (urban) planner 城市规划师city (urban) planning 城市规划city centre 市中心city plan 城市平面图city proper 城市市区部分class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark (class mid-point) 组中点；组中点class mid-point (class mark) 组中点；区中点clastic deposit 碎屑沉积clay 黏土clay loam 黏质壤土clay pan 黏盘clay particle 黏土颗粒clayey 黏质clay-humus complex 黏粒腐殖质复合体cliff 悬崖；峭壁climate 气候climate modification 〔人工〕改变气候climatic amelioration 气候改良climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic barrier 气候障壁climatic change 气候变化；气候变迁climatic classification 气候分类climatic climax 气候顶极〔群落〕climatic deterioration 气候恶化climatic element 气候要素climatic factor 气候因子climatic graph 气候图〔表〕climatic map 气候图climatic oscillation 气候变化；气候变动climatic prediction 气候预报climatic region 气候区climatic regulation 气候调节〔作用〕climatology 气候学climax 顶极〔群落〕climax community 顶极群落climax vegetation 顶极植物climber 攀绿植物climbing plant 攀绿植物climograph 气候图clinometer 倾角仪；测斜仪clint 石灰岩岩脊；石芽closed system 密闭系统clothing industry 制衣业cloud 云cloud cover (cloudiness) 云量cloud reflection 云盖反射cloud seeding 播云；云的催化cloud type 云型cloudiness (cloud cover) 云量cluster sampling 类集抽样coagulation 混凝coal seam 煤层coalfield 煤田coarse texture soil 粗质地土壤coarse tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse-grained rock 粗粒岩石coastal landform 海岸地貌；海岸地形coastal plain 海岸平原coastline 海岸线cobble 中砾coding 编码cohesion 内聚力；凝聚力cohort 同期组群coking coal 〔炼〕焦煤col 山口；山坳cold current 寒流cold desert 寒〔带荒〕漠cold front 冷锋cold resistance 耐寒性cold temperate climate 寒温带气候cold wave 寒潮collective farming 集体农业collectivization 集体化colloid 胶体colluvium 崩积物；崩积层；坡积物colonization (1)殖民；拓殖，(2)集群；定殖；占据colony 集群；群体columnar jointing 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combine harvester 联合收割机；多用途收割机commercial centre 商业中心commercial farming 商业性农业commercial zone 商业区commercialization 商业化commune 公社communication (1)交通，(2)通讯community (1)社区，(2)群落community facility 社区设施community organization 社区组织community shopping centre 社区购物中心commuter 通勤者；往返市区工作地点及郊区住所的人commuter zone 通勤带compact texture 致密结构comparative advantage 相对优势comparison goods 需比较商品compass 罗盘；指南针compass (angular, whole circle) bearing 方位角compass points 罗盘指标；罗盘方位competence of stream 河流搬运最大颗粒能力competition for location 区位竞争competition for space 空间竞争component 组元composite cone 复合火山锥composting 堆肥comprehensive redevelopment area 综合性重建区compressional force 挤压力computation 计算concave bank 凹岸concave slope 凹坡concentration 集结concentric zone theory 同心圆地带论concordant (longitudinal) coast 顺向海岸；纵式海岸concretion 结核〔作用〕condensation 凝结condensation level 凝结高度condensation nuclei 凝结核心conduction of heat 热传导conelet 小型火山锥confluence 汇流点congelifraction 融冻〔崩解〕作用conglomerate 砾岩conical hill 锥形山conifer 针叶树coniferous forest 针叶林connectivity 连接程度consequent drainage 顺向水系conservation 养护；保养；保护；保存；节约conservation of resources 资源保养constant slope 直坡constructive plate boundary 建设性皮块边界constructive wave 建设性波浪；堆积浪consumer 消费者consumer behaviour 消费行为；消费者行为container 集装箱；货柜container terminal 集装箱码头；货柜码头containerization 集装箱化；货柜化continent 洲；大陆continental air mass 大陆气团continental apron (rise) 大陆隆continental climate 大陆〔性〕气候continental collision 大陆碰撞continental crust 大陆地壳；陆壳continental drift 大陆漂移continental edge (fringe, margin) 大陆边缘continental fringe (edge, margin) 大陆边缘continental glacier 大陆冰川continental island 大陆岛continental margin (edge, fringe) 大陆边缘continental nucleus 陆核continental plate 大陆板块continental plate boundary 大陆板块边界continental rise (apron) 大陆隆continental rupture 大陆破裂continental shelf 大陆〔棚〕架continental shield 地盾continental slope 〔大〕陆〔斜〕坡continental suturing 大陆缝合作用continentality 大陆性；大陆度contour farming (ploughing) 等高耕作〔法〕contour line 等高线contour map 等高线图contour mapping 等高线绘图contour method 等高线法contour ploughing (farming) 等高耕作〔法〕contraception 避孕contract farming 合约式农业controlled flooding 控制漫灌〔法〕controlled tip 废物堆填区controlled tipping 废物堆填法conurbation 联都；集合城市〔区〕convection (convectional) rain 对流雨convection (convective) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convection of heat 热对流convective (convection) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convenience goods 日用品；常用商品conventional sign 图例；沿用图例；惯用符号convergence (1)辐合，(2)聚合convex bank 凸岸convex slope 凸坡cool temperate climate 凉温带气候co-operative farming 合作社式农业coordinate 坐标coral reef 珊瑚礁cordillera 雁列山(美洲 )core (1) 地核；地心，(2)核心core area 核心区corestone 核心石；岩心coriolis effect 科里奥效应coriolis force 科里奥利力；地球自转偏向力corn belt 玉米带（美）corrasion (abrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕刻蚀〔作用〕corrective measure 改善措施correlation 相关corrie (cirque, cwm) 冰斗corrosion 溶蚀〔作用〕cosmic ray 宇宙射线cost minimization 生产成本最低化；成本的极少化cost of living 生活费cost-benefit analysis 损益分析；成本收益分析cottage industry 家庭式工业counter radiation 逆辐射counter-urbanization 逆城市化country park 郊野公园country rock 围岩crag and tail 鼻尾丘crater 火山口crest 山脊cretaceous period 白垩纪crevasse 冰隙；裂隙critical discharge 临界流量critical isodapane 临界等总运费线crop and livestock farming 耕牧混合农业crop breeding 作物育种crop failure 作物失收；作物减产crop rotation 轮植；轮作；轮耕cropping pattern 作物生产型式cropping region 作物区cropping system 耕作制度；农作制度cross breeding 杂交育种；杂交繁育cross section 横剖面；横切面cross-bedding 交错层crown 树冠crude birth rate 粗出生率；毛出生率crude death rate 粗死亡率；毛死亡率crumb structure 屑粒结构crust (earth's crust) 地壳crystal 晶体crystalline rock 结晶岩crystallization 结晶〔作用〕cuesta 单斜脊；单面山cuesta scarp 单斜脊崖（前坡）；鬣崖cultural landscape 文化景观cumulative causation 累积因果cumulative frequency 累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲线；穹形线cumulonimbus 积雨云cumulus 积云cup anemometer 转杯风速计curde oil 原油current meter 流速计current speed 流速cuspate delta 尖头三角洲cut off slope 削蚀坡cut-and-fill (1)边冲边淤(曲流) (2)先冲后淤(河床) cuticle 角质层cut-off (1)截流；断流，(2)裁湾〔作用〕cut-off lake (oxbow lake) 牛轭湖cutting 〔削〕切面cwm (cirque, corrie) 冰斗cycle of erosion 侵蚀循环cycle of poverty 贫穷循环cyclone 气旋cyclone track 气旋路线cyclonic circulation 气旋环流cyclonic flow 气旋流动cyclonic rain 气旋雨daily (diurnal) range of temperature 日温差dairy cattle 乳牛；乳用牛dairy farming 乳牛畜牧业dalmatian coast 达尔马提亚型海岸；顺向海岸dam 水坝dam-failure 溃坝；垮坝data analysis 数据分析；资料分析data collection 数据搜集；资料搜集data interpretation 数据阐释；资料阐释data processing 数据处理；数据处理data representation 数据表达；资料表达de facto population 现住人口de jure population 常住人口death rate 死亡率debris avalanche 岩屑崩落debris flow 泥石流debris slope 岩屑坡decalcification 脱钙作用decay 腐烂；分解decentralization 分散；离心decibel (db) 分贝deciduous forest 落叶林decision maker 决策者declining region 衰落区decomposer 分解者decomposing organism 分解生物decomposition 分解〔作用〕deep-focus earthquake 深源地震deferred junction 延长汇点deferred stream 延长河deflation 吹蚀〔作用〕deflation hollow (blowout) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地deflation varnish 吹蚀漆皮deflection 偏向deflection (deflective, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力deflective (deflecting, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力defoliation 去叶；落叶；脱叶deforestation 伐林deformation 变形；变态deglomeration 反聚集力degradable plastics 可降解塑料degradation 陵削〔作用〕减坡degrading stream 夷低河；削蚀河；下切河流dehydration 脱水〔作用〕deionized water 去离子水delta 三角洲demand potential 需求潜在力demographic data 人口数据；人口资料demographic structure 人口结构demographic transition 人口过渡；人口转变demographic transition theory 人口过渡论demography 人口统计学；人口学dendritic drainage 〔树〕枝状水系denitrification 反硝化作用densely populated 人口稠密density 密度density map 密度图denudation 剥蚀〔作用〕denudation chronology 剥蚀年代dependency population 依赖人口；受抚养人口dependency ratio 依赖比率；抚养比率dependent variable 应变量；应变数depopulation 人口减少；人口下降deposit 沉积物deposition 沉积〔作用〕depreciation (1)折旧，(2)贬值；货币贬值depressed region 葨落区域depression (1)低气压，(2)洼地deranged drainage 冰碛平原水系；扰乱水系desalinization 脱盐作用descriptive statistics 描述统计学desert 荒漠；沙漠desert climate 荒漠气候；沙漠气候desert encroachment 荒漠扩展；沙漠扩侵desert pavement 荒漠〔卵石〕覆盖层；沙漠〔卵石〕覆盖层desert plateau 荒漠高原；沙漠高原desert varnish 荒漠漆皮desertification 荒漠化；沙漠化desiccation 干燥作用；变旱desilication 脱硅作用destructive plate boundary 破坏性板块边界destructive wave 破坏性〔波〕浪detached building 独立式楼宇detritus (1)碎屑；岩屑，(2)腐屑developed country 已发展国家developing country 发展中国家development level 发展水平deviating (deflecting, deflective) force 偏向力；偏转力deviation 偏差devonian period 泥盆纪dew 露dew point 露点d-horizon d层；基岩层diagenesis 成岩作用diagonal linkage 对角联系diastrophism 地壳运动differential erosion 差别侵蚀differential weathering 差别风化diffuse radiation 扩散辐射diffusion 漫射；扩散dike (dyke) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dilution 稀释diminishing return 收益递减dip 倾斜dip angle 倾角dip direction 倾向dip slope 倾向坡direct proportion 正比例disaster relief 救灾discharge 流量disclimax 亚演替顶极discordant coast 横或海岸discordant drainage 不协调水系discrete data 不连续数据disease control 疾病控制diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disintegration 崩解；分解dismembered drainage 解体水系dispersed settlement 分散聚落dispersion (1)离〔中〕趋势；离〔中〕差，(2)离散displacement 位移disposal 处置；处理dissected plateau 切割高原dissection 切割〔作用〕分割〔作用〕dissipation 消散〔作用〕dissolved load 溶解〔搬运〕质dissolved oxygen (do) 溶解氧distance decay 随距递减；随距衰减distributary 分流distribution 分布distributional pattern 分布形态diurnal (daily) range of temperature 日温差divergence (1)辐散，(2)分向diversification 多元化divided circle (pie graph) 圆瓣图division of labour 分工doldrums 赤道无风带dolerite 粗玄岩doline 溶斗；〔漏斗形〕灰岩坑domain 领域dome 穹丘，圆丘domesti refuse 家庭废物domestic sewage 生活污水；家庭污水domesticated animal 驯养家畜domestication 驯化；驯养dominant animal 优势动物dominant plant 优势植物dominant species 优势种dormancy 休眠dormant volcano 睡火山dormitory suburb 郊外居住区；郊外住宅区dormitory town 居住城镇dot map 点示图double cropping 雨造耕作；双作downcutting 下蚀〔作用〕下切侵蚀downdraft (downdraught) 下沉气流downfold 向斜downstream 下游downthrow 下盘downtown 市中心；城市商业区（美）downward filtering process 下滤过程downwelling 沉降流downwind effect 下沉风效应drag velocity 摩阻流速drainage (1)水系，(2)排水drainage area (1)流域，(2)排水区drainage basin 河盆；河域drainage density 河网密度;排水密度drainage network (1)河网，(2)排水网drainage pattern 水系型〔式〕drainage system 水系draught animal 役畜dredging 清淤；疏浚dreikanter 三棱石；风棱石drift (adlt) mining 横坑开采法drift material 飘流物；漂流物drill rig 钻油台；钻塔drip-tip 滴水叶尖drizzle 微雨；毛毛雨drought 干旱drought-resistant plant 抗旱性植物drowned river valley (rai) 溺谷；溺河drumlin 脊背丘；鼓丘dry (arid) climate 干旱气候dry (wind) gap 旱峡；风口dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热〔温度〕递减率；干绝热〔温度〕直减率dry crop 旱田作物dry farming 旱耕〔法〕dry rice 旱稻dry valley 干谷；涸谷dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度计drying agent 干燥剂duckweed 浮萍；青萍dumping area 倾卸区dune 沙丘dune encroachment 沙丘扩侵duplex house 复式房屋durable goods 耐用品duricrust 铝铁硅钙壳duripan 硬盘dust bowl 尘暴区（美）dust storm 尘暴dwelling unit 居住单位dyke rock 脉岩dyke(dike) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡earth movement 地壳运动earth pillar 土柱earth revolution 地球公转earth rotation 地球自转earth-flow 泥流earthquake 地震earthquake focus 震源earthquake intensity 地震强度earthquake origin 震源earthquake period 地震期earthquake prediction 地震预报earthquake scale 地震震级earthquake wave 地震波earthquake zone 地震带earthquake-prooff design 抗震设计earth's axis 地轴earth's crust (crust) 地壳earthy 土状easterlies (1)东风，(2)东风带easting 东行线ecocline 生态变异；生态差型ecological balance 生态平衡ecological community 生态群落ecological crisis 生态危机ecological damage 生态破坏ecological efficiency 生态效率ecological niche 生态位；小生境ecological pyramid 生态塔ecological succession 生态演替ecology 生态学economic base 经济基础economic bloc 经济集团economic depression 经济萧条economic development 经济发展economic growth 经济增长economic man 经济人economic recession 经济衰退economic recovery 经济复苏economic region 经济区economic rent 经济租值economic take-off 经济起飞economic utility 经济效用economically active population 经济活动人口economically inactive population 非经济活动人口economies of scale 规模经济效益ecosphere 生态圈ecosystem 生态系统ecotone 群落过渡带；群落交错区ecotype 生态型edaphic climax 土壤演替顶极〔群落〕edaphic factor 土壤因素eddy 旋涡effciency of energy transfer 能量变换效率；能量转换效率effective precipitation 有效降水〔量〕effluent (1)污水；废水，(2)湖源河eight point compass 八方位罗盘elasticity of demand 需求弹性elasticity of supply 供给弹性elbow of capture 袭夺〔河〕弯electrical conductivity 导电性；导电率electromagnetic wave 电磁波electronics industry 电子业elevated peneplain 上升准平原elevation (1)海拔；高度，(2)仰角eluvial deposit (1)残积物，(2)淋溶沉积物eluvial horizon 淋溶层eluviation 淋溶〔作用〕淋失〔作用〕embankment 堤基emergence 上升emergent (1)露生植物，(2)挺水植物emergent coast 上升海岸emigrant 移民emigration 移居国外empirical data 实验数据employment structure 就业结构end (terminal) moraine 终〔冰〕endangered species 濒临灭绝的生物品种；濒危物种endogenic process 内力作用；内成作用energy balance 能量平衡energy budget 能量收支energy conservation 能源节约energy crisis 能源危机energy deficit 能量亏损energy efficiency 能量效率；能源效率energy flow 能〔量〕流energy level 能量级energy ratio 能量比率energy reserve 能源蕴藏energy resources 能源〔资源〕energy source 能源energy subsidy 能源补助energy surplus 能量过剩energy transfer 能量转移engineering industry 机械工业englacial moraine 内〔冰〕碛。
地理专业英语上课讲义
地理专业英语地理专业英语geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石physical geography 自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra firma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow (小)草原prairie (大)草原lake 湖泊pond 池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor, moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune 沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah (南美)大草原virgin forest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word and phrase1. core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳4. continental crust 大陆地壳5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩6. sial; sima 硅铝层；硅镁层7. surface waves; body .. 面波；体波8. epicentre; focus 震中；震源9. lithosphere 岩石圈10. tectonic plate 构造板块11. continetal drift 大陆漂移12. asthenosphere 软流层13. ocean ridge 洋脊14. ocean trench 海沟15. subduction 俯冲作用16. volcanism 火山作用17. fold mountain 褶皱山脉18. fold; fault 褶皱；断层19. sedimentary rocks 沉积岩20. vent 火山口21. lava 熔岩22.volcanic cones 火山锥23. parasitic cone 寄生火山锥24. plug 岩颈25. volcanic ash 火山灰26. mechanical weathering 机械风化27. chemical weathering 化学风化28. freeze-thaw 冻融29. pressure release 卸荷释重30.limestone 石灰岩31. hydrolysis 水解作用32. quartz 石英33. hydration 水合作用34. oxidation 氧化作用35. alluvium 冲击层36. gravel 砂砾37. denudation 剥蚀作用38. precipitation 降水39. climatic zone 气候带40. mid-latitude 中纬度41. semi-arid 半干旱42. tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候43. watershed 分水岭44. drainage basin 流域45. regolith 风化层46. soil creep 土壤蠕动47. mass movement 块体运动48. strata 地层49. overland runoff 地表径流50. sheet wash 片状冲刷51. pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52. rockfall 山崩53. landslide 滑坡54. interception 截流55. evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量56. capillary rise 毛管上升57. aeration zone 包气带58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59. water table 潜水面（水位）60. basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积61. tributary 支流；62. trunk stream 干流63. drainage density 河网密度64. flood plain 泛滥平原65. coniferous tree 松树67. inselberg 岛状山68. equator 赤道69. monsoon 季风70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线71. discharge 流量72. peak flow 洪峰流量73. rainfall peak 降水峰值74. precipitation intensity 降水强度75. land use 土地利用76. water-born waste 水成废弃物77. heavy metal 重金属78. climatology 气候学79. urban heat island 城市热岛80. deciduous trees 落叶树81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀83. headward erosion 溯源侵蚀84. lateral erosion 侧蚀85. pot-hole 壶穴86. meander 曲流87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖88. delta 三角洲89. lake basin 湖盆90. levee 天然提91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物94. atmospherical fallout 大气沉降95. laminar flow 层流96. turbulent flow 紊流97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度99. sandbar 沙坝100. thalweg 中泓线101. estuary 河口102. lagoon 泻湖103. salinity 盐度104. coastline 海岸线105. dune 沙丘106. suspension; saltation; creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移107. dust storm 尘暴108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风109. prevailing wind 盛行风110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111. aridity 干燥度112. tropic of cancer 北回归线113. tropic of capricorn 南回归线114. gobi 戈壁115. continentality 大陆度116. cold ocean current 寒流117. plateau 高原118. alluvial fan 冲积扇119. pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120. deflation 风蚀121. moraine 冰碛122. glacial；interglacial 冰期；间冰期123. Recent 全新世124. Quaternary Era 第四纪125. periglacial period 冰缘期126. nivation 冰蚀127. earth’ orbit 地球轨道128. plucking 挖蚀129. abrasion 磨蚀130. pyramidal peak 角峰131. arete 刃脊132. cirque 冰斗133. horn 角峰134. U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷135. fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136. drumlin 鼓丘137. terminal moraine 终碛138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139. kettle hole 锅穴140. wavelength 波长141. crest；trough 波峰；波谷142. wave period 周期143. wave frequency 波频144. wave height 波高145. wave refraction 波浪折射146. tidal range 潮差147. stack 海蚀柱148. arch 海蚀拱桥149. headland 海岬150. troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo- 对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成151. pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力152. isobar 等压线153. sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压154. cirrus 卷云155. cumulus 积云156. stratus 层云157. cumulonimbus 积雨云158. convection rain 对流雨159. thunderstorm 雷雨160. depression 低气压161. frontal rain 锋面雨162. orographic rain 地形雨163. equatorial trough 赤道低压槽164. front 锋165. temperature inversion 逆温166. soil texture 土壤质地167. loam 壤土168. soil structure 土壤结构169. soil moisture 土壤水分170. field capacity 田间持水量171. cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量172. podzol 灰化土173. brown earth 褐土174. sandstone 砂岩175. gley 潜育土176. azonal soil 非地带性土壤177. soil horizon 土层178. humification 腐殖化作用179. mineralisation 矿化作用180. eluviation 淋溶作用181. calcification 钙化作用182. salinisation 盐化作用183. gleying 潜育化作用184. illuviation 淀积作用185. savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳）186. saline soil 盐土187. biogeography 生物地理学188. biotic ; abiotic element 生物;非生物成分189. autotroph; heterotroph 自养生物；异养生物190. producer; consumer 生产者；消费者191. photosynthesis 光合作用192. herbivore 食草动物193. carnivore 食肉动物194. decomposer 分解者195. trophic pyramid 营养金字塔196. food web 食物网197. primary productivity 初级生产力198. gross productivity 总生产力199. net productivity 净生产力200. continental shelf 大陆架201. succession（prisere）演替202. climax community 顶级群落203. primary (secondary) succession 初级和次级演替English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1. Longitude and latitude ...........................经度和纬度P1 (1)Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earth...地球的自转和公转P6 (2)Lesson 4. The major classes of landforms...............主要地形类型P13 (6)Lesson 5 Delta plains ..........................................三角洲平原P16 (8)Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 (8)Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth .................................地球圈层P31 (8)Lesson 8 The rock cycle ..........................................岩石循环P43 (9)Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis .......................................成土作用p48 (10)Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流 P62 (11)Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................水循环P74 (11)Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use..................三种城市土地利用模式P97 (11)Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects...............空气污染原因和影响P168 (12)Lesson 14 Hurricane ...................................................飓风P182 (12)Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、The location of points on the earth’s surface follows a system in which lengthsof arc are measured along meridians and parallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、that desired point 欲量算的点3、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel betweenthat place and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between that place and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、almost universally 几乎一致6、The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passesthrough the old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、be referred to as 被称为8、Long. 115。
完整版地理专业英语词汇
1地理学总论地理学一致地理学一般地理学系统地理学地区地理学理论地理学应用地理学元地理学地文学地质学古地理学地理学系统地理环境geographyunified geography general geography systematic geography regional geography theoretical geography applied geography metageography physiography chorography paleogeogpraphy geographical system geographical environment地理因子地理过程地理散布地理界限地理综合地理观察综合观察地区剖析地区分异生计空间生计承载能力环境决定论灾变论地球地球表面geographical factors geographical process geographical distribution geographical boundary geographical synthesis geographical survey integrated survey regional analysis regional differentiation living spacelife-carrying capacity environmental determinism catastrophe theoryearthearth surface地球表层地理系统地理圈景观圈岩石圈水圈大气圈土壤圈生物圈地圈智能圈技术圈北半球南半球地球体epigeosphere geosystem geographical sphere landscape sphere lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere pedosphere biosphere geosphere noonsphere technosphere northern hemisphere southern hemisphere geoid地理纬度地理经度北极南极极圈北回归线南回归线赤道时区日界限极昼极夜洲大陆洋latitudelongitudeNorth PoleSouth PoleArctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn equatortime zonedate linepolar daypolar night continentoceansea内地inland地理单元geographical unit 区划regionalization 带belt地带zone地区region地区area小区district2自然地理学自然地理学综合自然地理学一般自然地理学自然综合体地区自然综合体自然地理过程自然生产潜力进展因素残留因素三维地带性水平川带垂直地带地带性physical geography integrated physical geography general physical geography natural complexterritorial natural complex physical geographic process natural potential productivity progressive factorrelic factorthree dimension zonality horizontal zonevertical zonezonality非地带性水平川带性垂直地带性地方性坡向阳坡阴坡azonality horizontal zonality vertical zonality localityexposureadret, sunny slope ubac, shady slope山体效应Massenerhebungseffekt(德）,综合自然区划integrated physicogeographicalregionalization雪带nival belt亚雪带subnival belt高峰alpine亚高峰subalpine山地mountains荒漠荒漠化荒漠岩漠砾漠泥漠盐漠沙漠绿洲景观学景观相自然景观土地desert desertification sandy desert rocky desert gravel desert argillaceous desert salt desertgobioasislandscape science landscapefaciesnatural landscape land土地系统land system土地分类land classification土地种类land type土地单元land unit土地因素land element土地刻面land facet刻面结合体facet combination土地属性terrain characteristics 生态地理学ecogeography地生态学geoecology景观生态学landscape ecology 生态系统ecosystem生态均衡ecological balance生态地区ecoregion生态小区ecodistict生态地段生态区生态点自然资源可重生资源非可重生资源灾祸地理学自然灾祸ecosectionecotopeecositenatural resources renewable resources nonrenewable resources hazard geography natural hazard3地貌学地貌学地貌地貌年月学地貌成因地貌形成作用天气地貌学动力地貌学地貌量计学人工地貌平原低地高地丘陵山山脉岭峰山麓半岛岛屿群岛海峡地峡海拔（高度）相对高度山嘴盆地山间盆地geomorphologylandformgeomorphochronology geomorphogenesis, landform genesis landform forming processclimatic geomorphologydynamic geomorphology geomorphometryanthropogenic landformsplainlowlandhighlandhillmountainmountain range, mountain chain range, ridgepeak, mountpiedmontpeninsulaislandarchipelagostraitisthmusaltitude, height above sea level relative heightmountain spurbasinintermountain basin山间盆地山岳崖山麓平原高原峡谷谷沟谷冲沟山形山志阶地台地凹地坡地坡度基岩地貌过程侵害 [作用 ]雨滴侵害剥蚀 [作用 ]刻蚀溶蚀冲洗片蚀溯源侵害下切侵害侧[向侵 ]intermountain basinmountain peakcliff, scarppiedmont plainplateaugorge, canyonvalleyravinegullymountain formsorographyterracetableland, platformdepressionslopeslope, gradientbedrockgeomorphological processerosionraindrop erosiondenudationcorrasioncorrosionwash, erosionsheet erosionheadward erosiondowncutting, incision, vertical erosion lateral erosion掏蚀undercutting侵害基 [准 ] 面base level of erosion总侵害基 [准 ] 面general base level局部侵害基 [准 ] 面local base level裂点knick point堆积作用sedimentation, deposition 聚积作用deposition, accumulation 聚积物deposit加积作用aggradation堆积相sedimentary facies地貌世代generation of landforms 地貌序列landforms series地形基面base level地貌组合landform assemblage正地貌positive landform负地貌negative landform正常地貌normal landform倒置地貌inverted landform地貌倒置inversion of landform刻蚀地貌erosional landform夷平作用planation surface夷平面peneplain准平面denudation suface剥蚀面erosion surface山麓 [侵害 ] 面pediment山麓侵害平面pediplain山顶面summit plane侵害循环erosion cycle回春作用rejuvenation有关堆积地壳均衡新结构运动结构地貌学丹霞地貌结构高原结构阶地单面山方山猪背脊线形现象断层崖断层线崖断层三角面断层谷断块山火山火山作用风化 [作用 ]物理风化 [作用 ]化学风化 [作用 ]生物风化 [作用 ]机械风化 [作用 ]差别风化 [作用 ]风化层残积土残积物残积层风化壳correlated sedimentsisostasyneotectonic movementstructural geomorphology,tectonic geomorphology“ Danxia ” landformstructural plateaustructural terracecuesta(西）mesahogback ridgelineamentfault scarpfault-line scarptriangular facettriangular facetfault valleyblock mountainvolcanoweatheringphysical weatheringchemical weatheringbiological weatheringmechanical weatheringdifferential weatheringregolithresidual soileluviumeluviumweathered crust正残积风化壳碎屑型风化壳硅铝黏土型风化壳硅铝碳酸盐型风化壳硅铝－氧化物－硫酸盐风化壳硅铝－铁质和富铝型风化壳剥落页状剥落块状崩落结壳作用块状崩落结壳作用盐屑堆盐屑锥orthoeluvial weathered crustclastic weathered crustsiallite-clay weathered crustsiallite-carbonate weathered crustsiallite-chloride-sulphate wea-thered crust siallite-ferrite and allite wea-thered crust exfoliation, desquamationexfoliationcrumblingincrustationcrumblingincrustationtalustalus cone山麓聚积坡积物坡水聚积物土体蠕动滑塌滑坡泥石流泥流岩崩流水地貌学流水地貌冲积物冲积层冲积锥冲积扇talusslope depositdeluviumsoil creepcollapselandslide, landslipdebris flowmudflowrock fallfluvial geomorphology fluvial landformalluvium ， alluvial deposit alluviumalluvial conealluvial fan洪积物洪积层洪积扇河床河漫滩汇水区流域分水岭辫状河曲流天然堤滨河床沙坝凸岸坝牛轭湖离堆山proluvium ， proluvial deposit proluviumproluvial fanriver bedfloodplaincatchment areadrainage area， basin waterdivide ， divide ， watershed braided streammeandernatural leveechannel bar， sand barpoint barox-bow lakemeander core， meander spur河流阶地河流袭夺河流错位河流偏移风口纵谷横谷风蚀吹蚀沙丘新月形沙丘流动沙丘固定沙丘半固定沙丘纵向沙丘river terraceriver captureriver offsetriver deflectionwind gaplongitudinal valleytransverse valleywind erosiondeflationsand dunecrescent dunemobile dune ， wandering dune fixed dunesemifixied dunelongitudinal dune横向沙丘抛物线沙丘蜂窝状沙丘沙垅风棱石风蚀脊沙暴风蚀坑风蚀凹地干盐湖基岩扇岛山漠漆岩漆漠盖层黄土黄土地貌黄土塬黄土梁黄土峁劣地咯斯特咯斯专门貌学咯斯专门貌咯斯特化溶斗溶蚀谷溶蚀盆落水洞溶沟transverse duneparabolic dunehoneycomb dunessand ridgewind-faceted stones， ventifact yardangsandstormblowout pitdeflation hollowplayarock faninselbergdesert varnishrock varnishdesert pavementloessloess landform“ yuan，”loess tableland“ liang，”loess ridge“ mao，”loess hillbadlandkarstkarstgeomorphologykarst landformkarstification dolinepoljeuvalasinkholekarren干谷竖井潜蚀作用洞窟聚积咯斯特平原峰林石林洞窟学假咯斯特类咯斯特泉华堆积石灰华海岸滨海岸地貌学dry valleyshaftunderground erosion cave depositkarst plainpeak foreststone pinacles speleology pseudokarst parakarstsinter depositiontufasea coastshorecoastal geomorphology海蚀作用海蚀龛海蚀洞海蚀台海蚀崖海蚀柱岬角岩滩潮滩潮汐通道潮沟舄湖三角洲河口湾海滩marine erosionwave-cut notchsea caveabrasion platformsea cliffsea stackcapebenchtidal flattidal channel ， tidal inlet tidal creeklagoondeltaestuarycoastal beach滩脊beach ridge滩脊 [型 ]潮滩chenier滩脊 [型 ]潮滩平原chenier plain沙嘴sand spit障壁坝barrier滨外坝off-shore bar尖[ 形] 滩cuspate foreland尖[ 形] 坝tuspate bar连岛坝tombolo陆连岛tombolo island沿滨泥沙流longshore drift海岸阶地coastal terrace， marine terrace 全世界性海面起落eustatic movement珊瑚礁coral reef岸礁fringing reef堡礁环礁大陆架大陆坡洋盆海隆海岭平顶海山海沟海渊barrier reefatoll continental shelf continental slope oceanic basin riseoceanic ridge guyottrenchabyssal deep4气候学天气学天气天气资源太阳辐射反照耀积温无霜期降水蒸发干燥度热水均衡风向风速天气灾祸旱灾水灾风灾雹灾湿害热害冻害冷害天气分类天气区划天气带天气区天气型赤道带热带climatologyclimateclimate resourcessolar radiationalbedoaccumulated temperaturefrost-free periodprecipitationevaporationaridityheat-water balancewind directionwind speedclimate damage， climatic hazarddrought damageflood damagewind damagehail damagewet damageheat damagefreezing damagecold damageclimatic classificationclimatic regionalizationclimatic zoneclimatic regionclimatic typeequatorial zonetropical zone亚热带温带寒带润湿天气干燥天气热带雨林天气萨瓦纳天气丛林天气草原天气荒漠天气苔原天气极地天气高原天气山地天气大陆度subtropical zone temperate zonecold zonehumid climatearid climatetropical rainforest climate savanna climateforest climatesteppe climatedesert climatetundra climatepolar climateplateau climate mountain climate continentality大陆性天气大海性天气地中海天气地形天气学地区天气地方天气小天气天气系统行星风系信风季风continental climate maritime climate Mediterranean climate topoclimatology regional climatelocal climate microclimate climatic system planetary wind system trade wind ，trades monsoon梅雨Meiyu, ， plum rain 台风typhoon寒潮cold wave海陆风sea-land breeze山谷风干热风焚风雨影天气变迁古天气历史天气年轮天气学物候学自然历城市天气城市热岛天气志mountain-valley breeze dry-hot windfoehnrain shadowclimatic change palaeoclimate historical climate dendroclimatology phenologynatural calendar urban climateurban heat island climatography5水文地理学水文地理学水文学水体水团河流学水利学水利经济学水化学丛林水文学都市水文学水文物理学古水文学土壤水文学hydrogeography hydrology water body water mass potamology hydraulics hydroeconomics hydrochemistry forest hydrology urban hydrology hydrophysics palaeohydrology pedohydrology水文形势水文过程水文测试流域形态流域分水线河流坡降河流等级闭合盆地河网密度总蒸发hydrological regime hydrological process hydrometry watershed morphology basin dividechannel gradient channel orderclosed basin drainage density evapotranspiration水均衡water budget，water balance 陆面蒸发land evaporation水面蒸发water surface evaporation分岔系数fork factor河源headwaters水道网支流过程线流量过程线切割瀑布水平降水水循环水量互换径流径流系数年正常径流量基流河床变形河流补给暴发洪水hydrographic net tributaryhydrographseparation of hydrograph waterfallhorizontal precipitation water cyclewater exchangerunoffrunoff coefficientannual normal runoff base flowriver bed deformation river feedingflash flood洪水流水过程层间流壤中流河流数量定律叠加定律流量坡面流洪峰流量产流汇流产沙率退水曲线径流模数产水量floodfluvial processes interaquifer flowinterflowlaw of stream numberslaw of superposition dischargeoverland flowpeak dischargerunoff generationflow concentrationrate of sediment production recession curverunoff moduluswater yield悬移质泥沙运动产沙量水位洪水位戒备水位水土流失水土保持涝暴雨径流输沙能力径流变率地下水文学承压地下水水力传导度suspended loadsediment movement sediment yieldwater stageflood levelwarning stagewater and soil losswater and soil conservation waterloggingstorm flowtransportability of sediments variability of runoff groundwater hydrology confined groundwater hydraulic conductivity入渗土壤水含水层自流水盆地深层地下水裂隙水地下水位矿泉地下河饱和带湖沼学湖泊水文学湖流水质湖泊富营养化infiltrationsoil wateraquiferartesian basin deep phreatic water fissured water water table mineral spring underground river saturation zone limnologylake hydrologylake currentwater qualitylake eutrophication人工湖盐湖咸水湖淡水湖结构湖层结湖季节性湖泊火山湖高峰湖游移湖热湖微咸湖干枯湖完整混和湖湖盆man-made lakesalt lakesalt-water lakefresh water laketectonic lake ， structural lake stratified lakeseasonal lakevolcanic lakealpine lakewandering lakewarm lakebrackish-water lakeextinct lakeholomixed lakelake circulation湖水环流湖泊蓄水量冰川补给积雪水文学融雪水文学融雪径流有潮河口无潮海波涛侵害地下水库水资源供水水能lake circulationlake storage alimentation of glacier alimentation of glacier snow hydrology snow runofftidal estuarytideless seawave erosion groundwater reservoir water resources Water supply hydropower6生物地理学生物地理学生物散布学生物散布散布区散布区中心散布区中断散布区型扩散中心残遗种区种群生物群生物地理群落生境biogeography chorology biochores arealareak center areal disjunction areal type dispersal center refugium population biota biogeocoenosis habitat小生境群落生境植物地理学植物区系生活型生活型谱水生植物湿生植物中生植物旱生植物指示植物指示群落植被植物群落群丛niche， microhabitat biotope phytogeography floralife formlife form spectrum hydrophyte hygrophyte mesophyte xerophyte indicator plant indicator community vegetationplant community association群系formation植被型vegetation type顶级群落climax演替succession针叶林coniferous forest泰加林taiga落叶林deciduous forest常绿阔叶林evergreen broad-leaved forest 硬叶林sclerophyllous forest照叶林laurel forest季[ 风] 雨林monsoon forest雨林rainforest红树林mangrove苔原tundra丛林草原forest steppe草原高草草原萨瓦纳普那高原草甸高峰矮曲林丛林上限树线动物地理学动物区系地理阻障动物传播华莱士线动物群落泛北极steppeprairiesavannapunameadowalpine krummholz upper forest limit timberline zoogeography fauna geographical barriers synzoochory wallace’ s line animal community Holarctic古北界新北界旧热带界新热带界东洋界澳洲界Palaearctic Neoarctic Palaeotropic Neotropic Oriental Australasian7土壤地理学土壤地理学土被土链土壤组合土壤复区土壤天气土壤资源土壤退化土壤侵害古土壤丛林土壤草原土壤荒漠土壤pedogeography soil mantlesoil catenasoil association soil complex soil climatesoil resources soil degradation soil erosion paleosoilforest soil desert soil desert soil高峰土壤幼年土壤成熟土壤顶级土壤灰化土棕壤褐土黄壤红壤砖红壤黑钙土栗钙土棕钙土灰漠土棕漠土high mountain soil young soil mature soil climax soil podzolic soil brown earth cinnamon soil yellow earthred earthlaterite chernozem chestnut soil brown soilgray desert soil brown desert soil盐土碱土solonchak solonertz8化学地理学化学地理学景观地球化学地球化学景观自成景观附属景观残积景观水上景观水下景观水成景观单元景观生源景观非生源景观大气迁徙水迁徙生物迁徙机械迁徙化学迁徙标型元素标型化合物标型离子化学剥蚀chemical geographylandscape geochemistrygeochemical landscapeautonomic landscapeauxiliary landscapeeluvial landscapesuperaqual landscapesubaqual landscapeaqueous landscape， aqual landscape elementary landscapebiogenic landscapeabiogenic landscapeaerial migrationaqueous migrationbiological migrationmechanical migrationchemical migration，physico-chemical migrationtypomorphic elementtypomorphic compoundtypomorphic ionchemical denudation10环境地理学环境地理学环境地球化学自然环境社会环境地区环境大海环境环境系统环境结构环境因素环境演化环境背景值环境异样环境自净environmental geography environmental geochemistry natural environmentsocial environmentregional environmentmarine environment environmental system environmental structure environmental element environmental evolution environmental background value environmental abnormality environmental self-purification环境容量景观伤害环境退化环境效应环境污染大气污染水污染土壤污染大海污染环境经济环境管理环境标准environmental capacity landscape damage environmental degradation environmental effect environmental pollution atmospheric pollution water pollutionsoil pollutionmarine pollution environmental economy environmental management environmental standard环境质量环境质量参数环境质量指数环境质量评论环境影响评论环境质量综合评论环境保护环境规划环境区划环境设计自然保护自然保护区自然资源保护生物质源保护水资源保护国家公园地面沉降公害公害病水悮病痛痛病environmental qualityenvironmental quality parameter environmental quality indexenvironmental quality evaluation environmental impact assessment environmental quality comprehensive evaluation environmental protectionenvironmental planningenvironmental regionalizationenvironmental designconservation of naturenature reserveconservation of natural resourcesliving resources conservationprotection of water resourcesnational parkland subsidencepublic nuisancepublic nuisance diseaseminamata diseaseitai-itai disease11 冰川学冰川学积雪粒雪粒雪化作用粒雪盆雪线吹雪雪崩雪蚀陆冰冰山冰川冰盖glaciology snow cover firn firnification firn basin snow line snow drift avalanche nivation land ice iceberg glacierice sheet冰原冰川化冰川作用冰川物质均衡融化区累积区冰川隙冰川地质学角峰冰斗U 形谷鼓丘羊背石冰擦痕冰川河流ice field glacierization glaciationglacier mass-balance ablation area accumulation area crevasseglacial geologyhorncirqueU-shape valley drumlinroche moutonnee glacial striaglacial stream冰下河流漂砾纹泥大海性冰川大陆性冰川极地冰川山岳冰川冰斗冰川悬冰川冰川变化冰川退却冰期小冰期新冰期冰期后subglacial channel bouldervarvemaritime glacier continental glacier polar glacier mountain glacier cirque glacier hanging glacier glacial fluctuation deglaciationice agelittle ice age neoglaciation post-glacial间冰期冷圈冷圈学interglacial period cryosphere cryology12 冻土学冻土学冻土融土季节冻土多年冻土高峰冻土冻土动力学冻土退化冻土进化geocryology,cryopedology frozen groundmelted soilseasonal frozen ground permafrostalpine permafrost permafrost dynamics permafrost degradation permafrost aggradation富冰冻土冻结层中水冻土相剖析冻融循环冻结指数融化指数零点幕成冰作用冰胶结冰分凝地下水冰透镜体冰含量冻胀冻胀力ice permafrost interpermafrost water permafrost phase-analyses freeze-thaw cycles freezing indexthawing indexzero curtainice formationcement icesegregated iceground iceice lensice contentfrost heavingfrost heaving force冰缘寒冻风化热喀斯特热喀斯特湖冰锲翻浆periglacialcryogenic weathering, frost weathering thermokarstthermokarst lakeice wedgefrost boil13沼泽学沼泽学沼泽盐沼草甸沼泽苔藓沼泽芦苇沼泽mire sciencemire, swampsalt marshmeadow marshsedge marsh,reed marsh, phragmites marsh藓类沼泽颤沼林地沼泽红树林沼泽海滨沼泽滩地沼泽阶地沼泽平原沼泽高峰沼泽山地沼泽沼泽形成过程沼泽水文沼泽植物低位沼泽中位沼泽mass bogquaking mire, floating mireforest marshmangrove swampcoastal marshfluvial marshterrace marshplain marshplateau marshmountain mire, upland miremire formation processmire hydrology, peatland hydrology mire plantfentransitional mire高位沼泽富营养沼泽中营养化沼泽贫营养化沼泽沼泽化沼泽生态系统沼泽率泥炭湿地raised bog eutrophic mire mesotrophic mire oligotrophic bog paludification mire ecosystem mire areapeatwetland。
地理专业英语
盛年不重来，一日难再晨。
及时宜自勉，岁月不待人。
地理专业英语geography地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude 经度Iongitude 精度elevation海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator 赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(A ntarctica)南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain平原plateau (highla nd)高地lowland 低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain 地域subterra nean( un dergr ound) 地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿con ti nen tal isla nd大陆岛volca nic isla nd 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait)海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度oceanbottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物地磁tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石physical geography自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra firma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow （小）草原prairie （大）草原lake 湖泊pond池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor,moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah （南美）大草原virginforest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word and phrase1. core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳4. continental crust 大陆地壳5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩共享知识分享快乐6. sial; sima7. surface waves; body ..8. epicentre; focus9. lithosphere10. tectonic plate11. continetal drift硅铝层；硅镁层面波；体波震中；震源岩石圈构造板块大陆漂移软流层洋脊海沟12. asthenosphere13. ocean ridge14. ocean trench俯冲作用15. subduction16. volcanism17. fold mountain18. fold; fault19. sedimentary rocks20. vent21. lava22.volcanic cones23. parasitic cone24. plug25. volcanic ash26. mechanical weathering27. chemical weathering28. freeze-thaw29. pressure release30.limestone31. hydrolysis32. quartz33. hydration34. oxidation35. alluvium36. gravel37. denudation 火山作用褶皱山脉褶皱；断层沉积岩火山口熔岩火山锥寄生火山锥岩颈火山灰机械风化化学风化冻融卸荷释重石灰岩水解作用石英水合作用氧化作用冲击层砂砾剥蚀作用38. precipitation39. climatic zone40. mid-latitude41. semi-arid42. tropical wet-dry43. watershed44. drainage basin45. regolith46. soil creep47. mass movement降水气候带中纬度半干旱热带干湿季气候分水岭流域48. strata49. overland runoff50. sheet wash风化层土壤蠕动块体运动地层地表径流片状冲刷51. pediment山前侵蚀平原（山足面） 52. rockfall53. landslide54. interception 55. evapotranspiration 56. capillary rise 57. aeration zone overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 59. water table 60. basin length; area 61. tributary 62. trunk stream 干流 63. drainage density 河网密度 64. flood plain 泛滥平原 65. coniferous tree 松树 67. inselberg 岛状山 68. equator 赤道 69. monsoon 季风 70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线 71. discharge 流量 72. peak flow 洪峰流量 73. rainfall peak 降水峰值 74. precipitation intensity 降水强度 75. land use 土地利用 76. water-born waste 水成废弃物 77. heavy metal 重金属 78. climatology 气候学 79. urban heat island 城市热岛 80. deciduous trees 落叶树 81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游 82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀 83. headward erosion 溯源侵蚀 84. lateral erosion 侧蚀 85. pot-hole 壶穴 86. meander 曲流 87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖 88. delta 三角洲 89. lake basin 湖盆 90. levee 天然提 91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀 92.clay;silt;sand; 粘土 ；粉砂；砂 93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物 94. atmospherical fallout 大气沉降 95. laminar flow 层流 96. turbulent flow 紊流山崩 滑坡 截流蒸发和蒸腾总量毛管上升包气带 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流 潜水面（水位） 流域长度 ; 流域面积 支流； 58.97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度99. sandbar 沙坝100. thalweg 中泓线101. estuary 河口102. lagoon 泻湖103. salinity 盐度104. coastline 海岸线105. dune 沙丘106. suspension; saltation; creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移107. dust storm 尘暴108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风109. prevailing wind 盛行风110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111. aridity 干燥度112. tropic of cancer 北回归线113. tropic of capricorn 南回归线114. gobi 戈壁115. continentality 大陆度116. cold ocean current 寒流117. plateau 高原冲积扇118. alluvial fan119. pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120. deflation 风蚀121. moraine 冰碛122. glacial ；interglacial 冰期；间冰期123. Recent 全新世124. Quaternary Era 第四纪125. periglacial period 冰缘期126. nivation 冰蚀127. earth r'bit o 地球轨道128. plucking 挖蚀129. abrasion 磨蚀130. pyramidal peak 角峰131. arete 刃脊132. cirque 冰斗133. horn 角峰134. U-shaped valley (trough) U 型谷135. fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136. drumlin 鼓丘137. terminal moraine 终碛138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139. kettle hole 锅穴140. wavelength 波长141. crest；trough 波峰；波谷142. wave period143. wave frequency144. wave height145. wave refraction146. tidal range147. stack148. arch149. headland150. troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo-151. pressure-gradient force152. isobar153. sub-tropicalanticyclone154. cirrus155. cumulus156. stratus157. cumulonimbus158. convection rain159. thunderstorm160. depression161. frontal rain162. orographic rain163. equatorial trough164. front165. temperatureinversion166. soil texture167. loam168. soil structure169. soil moisture170. field capacity171. cation exchange capacity172. podzol173. brown earth174. sandstone175. gley176. azonal soil177. soil horizon178. humification179. mineralisation180. eluviation181. calcification182. salinisation183. gleying184. illuviation185. savanna186. saline soil周期波频波高波浪折射潮差海蚀柱海蚀拱桥海岬对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成气压梯度力等压线副热带高压卷云积云层云积雨云对流雨雷雨低气压锋面雨地形雨赤道低压槽锋逆温土壤质地壤土土壤结构土壤水分田间持水量阳离子交换量灰化土褐土砂岩潜育土非地带性土壤土层腐殖化作用矿化作用淋溶作用钙化作用盐化作用潜育化作用淀积作用热带稀树草原（萨王纳）盐土187. biogeography生物地理学 188. biotic ; abiotic element生物 ;非生物成分 189. autotroph; heterotroph自养生物；异养生物 190. producer; consumer生产者；消费者 191. photosynthesis光合作用 192. herbivore食草动物 193. carnivore食肉动物 194. decomposer分解者 195. trophic pyramid营养金字塔 196. food web食物网 197. primary productivity初级生产力 198. gross productivity总生产力 199. net productivity净生产力 200. continental shelf大陆架 201. succession ( prisere )演替 202. climax community顶级群落203. primary (secondary) succession 初级和次级演替 English for Geography地理专业英语Less on 1. Lon gitude and latitude .................Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earthLess on 4. The major classes of Ian dforms ••…Less on 5 Delta pla ins .............................................Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapesLess on 7 Layers of the Earth ......................Less on 8 The rock cycle .........................................Less on 9 Soil pedoge nesis ......................................Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphereLess on 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban La nd Use .............Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、The location of points on the earth 's surface follows a system in which lengthsof arc are measured along meridians and parallels ；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线(经线)和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的经度和纬度P1 .............................. 地球的自转和公转P6 ..................... 主要地形类型P13 ........................ 三角洲平原P16 ........................... 石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 ............. 地球圈层P31 ............................. 岩石循环P43 ............................. 成土作用p48 .............................. 全球大气环流P62 .................... 水循环P74 ................................... 三种城市土地利用模式P97 ............... 1 2 6 8 8 8 9 10 11 11 11 Lesson 13 Lesson 14 Air pollution cause and effectsHurrica ne ............................. 空气污染原因和影响 P168 飓风P182 ........................... 12 122、 that desired point 欲量算的点 a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 经度的定义 a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between that place and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、 almost universally 几乎一致6、 The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes through the old Royal Observatory at Greenwich 人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线 被称为3、the4、the longitude longitude of of 7、 be referred to as 8、 Long. 115。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（G）
地理专业词汇英语翻译(G)gabbro 辉长岩gadolinium 钆gagate 煤精gage line 水位站基准线gage rod 标尺galena 方铅矿galenite 方铅矿gallery forest 长廊林gallium 镓galvanometer 电疗gamete 配子gametophyte 配子体gamma 反差系数gamma radiation 辐射gamma ray activity 射线放射性gamma ray background 射线背景gamma ray detector 射线探测器gamma ray log 射线测井gamma ray spectrometer 射线能谱仪gangue mineral 脉矿物gangue rock 脉岩gaping fault 张开断层garden city 花园城市garigue 常绿矮灌木丛garnet 石榴石garnierite 硅镁镍矿gas 瓦斯gas coal 气煤gas constant 气体常数gas exchange 气体交换gas exchange quotient 气体交换系数gas expansion method 气体膨胀法gas flame coal 长焰炭gas gangrene 气性坏疽gas geochemistry 气体地球化学gas ion 气体离子gas permeability 透气性gas thermometer 气体温度表gaseous inclusion 气体包裹体gasogenic anomaly 气成异常gaussian elimination 高斯消去法gazetteer 地名表gel 凝胶体gel peptization 凝胶分散gelatin 煤gelic cambisols 冰冻始成土gelic gleysols 冰冻潜育土gelic histosols 冰冻有机土gelic planosols 冰冻粘磐土gelic regosols 冰冻粗骨土gemmology 宝石学gene 遗传原质genealogical tree 系统树genealogy 系统general cartography 普通地图学general circulation 总环流大气环流general geochemistry 普通地球化学general map 一览图generalization 综合generalization by the representation of groups 概念综合generalized heat content 热函generation of relief 地形世代genesis 发生genetic factor 遗传因子genetic homogeneity 成因均匀性genetic information 遗传信息genetic profile 发生剖面genetics 遗传学genotype 遗传型gentle breeze 微风gentle slope 缓坡genus 属geoanalysis 地学分析geoanticline 地背斜geobiochemical circulation 地球生物化学循环geobiochemistry 地球生物化学geobotanical control 地植物蝶geobotanical prospecting 地植物勘探geobotanical survey 地植物学甸geobotany 地植物学geocancerology 肿瘤地理学geocentric coordinates 地心坐标geocentric latitude 地心纬度geocentric longitude 地心经度geocentric system 地心系统geocentric system of the universe 地心体系geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学平衡geochemical barriers 地球化学障geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical character of the elements 元素的地球化学性质geochemical classification 地球化学分类geochemical control 地球化学的控制geochemical culmination 地球化学的积顶点geochemical cycle of elements 地球化学的元素循环geochemical detailed survey 地球化学详查geochemical differentiation 地球化学分异酌geochemical dispersion 地球化学分散geochemical drainage reconnaissance 地球化学水系普查geochemical drainage survey 水地球化学测量geochemical ecology 地球化学生态学geochemical endemia 地球化学地方病geochemical environment 地球化学环境geochemical exploration 地球化学勘探geochemical facies 地球化学相geochemical gas survey 气体地球化学测量geochemical gradient 地球化学梯度geochemical index 地球化学指数geochemical indicators 地球化学指标geochemical landscape 地球化学景观geochemical leading elements 地球化学标准元素geochemical map 地球化学图geochemical mapping 地球化学填图geochemical migration of elements 地球化学的元素迁移geochemical process 地球化学过程geochemical profile 地球化学剖面geochemical prospecting 地球化学探矿;地球化学勘探geochemical province 地球化学区geochemical recognition 地球化学善查geochemical reconnaissance 地球化学踏勘geochemical relief 地球化学地势geochemical soil survey 土壤地球化学测量geochemical surface 地球化学面geochemical survey 地球化学勘探geochemistry 地球化学geochemistry of individual elements 个别元素地球化学geochemistry of landscape 景观地球化学geochemistry of lithoshere 岩石圈地球化学geochemistry of mineral deposits 矿床地球化学geochemistry of the atmosphere 大气地球化学geochemistry of the heay element 重元素地球化学geochemistry of the hydrosphere 水圈地球化学geochemistry of the soil 土壤地球化学geochronologic scale 地质年代表geochronologic unit 地质年代单位geochronology 地质年代学geochronology of varve clay 纹泥地质年代geochryology 冻土学geocratic periods 大陆扩展期geodesic line 大地线geodesic satellite 测地卫星geodesy 测地学geodetic astronomy 大地天文学geodetic azimuth 大地方位角geodetic base 大地测量基线geodetic chain 控制网geodetic coordinate system 大地坐标系geodetic coordinates 大地坐标geodetic equator 大地赤道geodetic latitude 大地纬度geodetic line 大地线geodetic longitude 大地经度geodetic network 大地控制网geodetic point 大地点geodetic quadrangle 大地四边形geodetic satellite 测地卫星geodetic survey 大地测量geodetic zenith 大地天顶geodetics 测地学geodimeter 光电测距仪geodynamics 地球动力学geoenergetic theory 地球能量论geoflexure 地球褶皱geognosy 地球构造学geographic azimuth 地理方位角geographic coordinate net 地理坐标格网geographic coordinate values 地理坐标值geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic cycle 地理循环geographic data 地理资料geographic data base 地理资料库geographic data handling 地理数据外理geographic elements 地理要素geographic information 地理信息geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic name 地理名称geographic network 地理坐标网geographic north 地理北geographic pathology 地理病理学geographical components 地理成分geographical distribution 地理分布geographical environment 地理环境geographical information system 地理信息系统geographical isolation 地理隔离geographical landscape 地理景观geographical map 地图geographical position 地理位置geographical variation 地理变异geographical vicariad 地理的替代种geographical zonality 地理地带性geographical zonation 地理地带性geographical zone 地理带geography 地理学geohistory 地史学geohydrology 水文地质学geoid 地球体geoidal height 大地水准面高geoisotherm 等地温线geologic barometer 地质压力计geologic column 地质柱状图geologic map 地质图geologic time scale 地质年代表geological aerosurvey 地质航空勘测geological age 地质时代geological column map 地质柱状地图geological cycle 地质回旋geological environment 地质环境geological formation 地质建造geological map of bed rocks 基岩地质图geological profile 地质剖面geological remote sensing 地质遥感geological reserves 地质储量geological structure 地质构造geology 地质学geomagnetic axis 地磁轴geomagnetic latitude 地磁纬度geomagnetic pole 地磁极geomagnetic reversal 地磁反向geomagnetism 地磁geometer 测地仪geometric correction 几何校正geometric distortion 几何畸变geometric generalization 几何综合geometric mean 几何平均geomicrobiological prospecting 地球微生物探矿geomicrobiology 地球微生物学geominating capacity 发芽能力geomorphic contrasts 地貌衬度geomorphic history 地貌发展史geomorphic levels 地貌水准面geomorphologic agent 地貌营力geomorphologic map 地形图geomorphological profile 地貌剖面geomorphological regionalisation 地貌的区域化geomorphology 地形学geonomics 经济地理学geony 地原学geophagia 食土癖geophagy 食土癖geophone 地震检波器geophotogrammetry 地面摄影测量术geophysical prospecting 地球物理勘探geophysics 地球物理学geophysiography 地球学geophyte 地下芽植物geophytes 地下芽植物geopotential 重力势geoscopy 测地学geospheres 陆圈geostationary meteorological satellite 地球静止气象卫星geostationary meteorological satellite system 地球静止气象卫星系统geostationary operational environmental satellite 同步环境实用卫星geostationary orbit 地球静止轨道geostationary satellite 地球静止卫星geostratigraphy 全球地层学geostrophic current 地转风气流geostrophic wind 地转风geosuture 地缝合线geosynclinal area 地槽区geosynclinal belt 地槽带geosynclinal system 地槽系geosyncline 地槽geotechnical system 地质工学系geotechnics 土工学geotechnological regionalization 地学工程技术区划geotectonic geology 大地构造地质学geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 构造地质学geotecture 大地构造geothermal gradient 地温梯度geothermal remote sensing 地热遥感geothermal well 地热井坑geothermy 地热geotropism 向地性germ 萌芽german measles 风疹germanium 锗germicide 杀菌剂germinating ability 发芽能力germination 发芽geyser 间歇泉geyserite 硅华ghost echo 回波giant's kettle 瓯穴giantism 巨人症gibbsite 三水铝矿gigantism 巨人症gilgai 粘土小洼地gismondite 多水高岭土glacial 冰河的glacial amphitheater 粒雪盆glacial anticyclone 冰原反气旋glacial cycle 冰川旋回glacial denudation 冰蚀glacial deposit 冰川沉积glacial erosion 冰蚀glacial erosion cycle 冰蚀轮回glacial erosion lake 冰蚀湖glacial flora 冰川植物群glacial forms of relief 冰川地形glacial geology 冰川地质学glacial lake 冰川湖glacial moulin 冰川磨glacial period 冰纪glacial polish 冰川磨片glacial pot hole 冰川穴glacial scratches 冰川擦痕glacial stage 冰川期glacial stairway 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial steps 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial stream 冰河glacial stria 冰川擦痕glacial till 冰碛物glacial trough 冰川槽glacial valley 冰蚀谷glacial valley lake 冰蚀谷湖glaciated shelf 冰成陆架glaciation 冻结成冰glaciation boundary 冰蚀边界glacier 冰川glacier bed 冰河床glacier breeze 冰川风glacier cave 冰川洞glacier fall 冰瀑glacier fissures 冰川裂隙glacier ice 冰川冰glacier milk 冰川乳浆glacier outburst flood 冰川崩溃glacier table 冰桌glacier tongue 冰舌glacio isostasy 冰川地壳均衡;冰河地壳均衡glacioclimatology 冰河气候学glaciology 冰川学glamyrolysis 海解酌glance coal 辉煤gland 腺glass electrode 玻璃电极glass eraser 玻璃丝毛刷glassy lustre 玻璃光泽glassy texture 玻质结构glauberite 钙芒硝glauconite 海绿石glauconitic sand 海绿石砂glazed frost 冻雨glei 潜育gley 潜育gley alluvial brown soil 潜育棕色冲积土gley barrier 潜育壁垒gley horizon 潜育层gley like paddy soil 潜育状水稻土gley like podzol 潜育状灰壤gley podzolic soils 潜育灰壤gley soil 潜育土gleyed forest soil 潜育化森林土gleyed paddy soil 潜育水稻土gleyic acrisols 潜育强淋溶土gleyic andosols 潜育暗色土gleyic cambisols 潜育始成土gleyic chernozems 潜育黑钙土gleyic fluvisols 潜育冲积土gleyic greyzems 潜育灰色森林土gleyic luvisol 潜育淋溶土gleyic phaiozems 潜育黑土gleyic podzols 潜育灰壤gleyic podzoluvisols 潜育灰化土gleyic solochaks 潜育盐土gleyic solonetz 潜育碱土gleying process 潜育gleysols 潜育土gleyzation 潜育gliding 滑动global climate 世界气候global environment 全球环境global geomorphology 全球地貌学global pollution 全球污染global radiation 环球辐射global remote sensing 全球遥感global satellite system 全球卫星系统globe 地球仪globe ligthning 球状闪电globigerina ooze 抱球虫软泥globular jointing 球状节理globular projection 全球投影glossaqualf 舌状白土潮淋溶土glossic chernozems 舌状黑钙土glossudalf 舌状土湿淋溶土glowing cloud 鲜光云glucose 葡萄糖glycolysis 糖解glycophyte glykiphyte 淡土植物glyptogenesis 地形雕塑酌gneiss 片麻岩gneissic schistosity 片麻理gneissose granite 片麻状花岗岩gnomonic projection 球心投影goethite 针铁矿gold deposit 金矿床gold ore 金矿golets 秃峰goniometer 测角仪goniometric network 测角网gonochorism 雌雄异体good tilth 良好耕性goods traffic 货流gorge 峡谷gossan 铁帽gouge clay 脉壁泥gout 痛风graben 地堑graben valley 断块谷gradation 分级grade 等级graded bedding 序粒层graded bench 均衡阶地graded coasts 夷海岸graded colors 梯度色调graded river 均衡河流graded sediments 分级沉积gradient 梯度gradient coupling 梯度耦合gradient currents 坡降流gradient wind 梯度风gradiometer 重力梯度仪graduated symbol 不依比例尺等级符号graduation 分划grain 微粒grain aphid 谷类蚜虫grain crops 谷类罪grain size 粒子大小grain size distribution curve 粒度分布曲线grain size distribution of soil 土壤粒径分配graining 磨砂目grains of ice 冻雨gram atom 克原子gram equivalent 克当量gram molecule 克分子gram negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性细菌gram positive bacteria 革兰氏阳性细菌gram staining method 革兰氏染色法gramineae 禾本科grance coal 光亮型煤镜煤granite gneiss dome 花岗片麻岩穹丘granite layer 花岗质岩层granite pegmatite 花岗伟晶岩granite porphyry 花岗斑岩granite sand 花岗岩砂粒granitic subsoil 花岗岩发育的心土granitic texture 花岗状结构granitite 黑云花岗岩granitization 花岗岩化granodiorite 花岗闪长岩granodolerite 花岗粗玄岩granophyre 花斑岩granosyenite 花岗正长岩granular aggregate 团粒状团聚体granular structure 粒状结构granular variation 粒度变异granularity 粒度granulated fertilizer 颗粒肥料granulation 粒化酌granule 团粒granule roundstone 粒状圆石granulometric composition 颗粒组成graph 图表graphic adjustment 图解平差graphic data base 图形数据库graphic display 图形显示graphic index of the maps 地图一览表graphic resection 图解后方交会graphic scale 图解比例尺graphic texture 文象结构graphical enlargement 图解放大graphometer 测角器grass heathland 丛草原grass marsh pine forest 草本沼泽松林grass minimum temperature 最低地面温度grass moor 沼泽草原grass pine forest 草本松林grass savanna 禾草稀噬草原grass sod 草皮grass spruce forest 草云杉林grasses 禾本种grassland 草地grassland establishment 建成草地grassland in the forest 林中草地grassland science 草地生态学grassland survey 草地甸grassy bog 禾草沼泽graticule 地理坐标网graticule intersections 经纬网交点graticule plate 制图格网版graticule templete 制图格网展绘模片graticule ticks 经纬网延伸短线grating 光栅grating constant 光栅常数grating equation 光栅方程grating spectrograph 光栅光谱仪gravel 砾gravel ground 砾质土gravel layer 砾石层gravel soil 砾质土gravelly loam 砾质壤土graver 刻刀gravimertrical geodesy 大地重力测量学gravimeter 重力仪gravimetric analysis 重量分析gravimetry 重力测量学gravitation 引力gravitational anomaly 重力异常gravitational constant 引力常数gravitational differentiation 重力分异gravitational geomorphology 重力地貌gravitational potential 重力势gravitational prospecting 重力勘探gravitational water 重力水gravitational wave 重力波gravitative differentiation 重力分异gravity 重力gravity acceleration 重力加速度gravity anomaly belt 重力异常带gravity constant 重力常数gravity dam 重力坝gravity disturbance 重力扰动gravity field 重力场gravity field of the earth 地球重力场gravity flow 重力流gravity folds 重力褶皱gravity gliding 重力滑动gravity gradient 重力梯度gravity ground water 地下重力水gravity measurement 重力测定gravity measurement at sea 海上重力测量gravity point 重力点gravity potential 重力势gravity prospecting 重力勘探gravity reduction 重力归算gravity slope 重力坡gravity solution 重液gravity spring 重力泉gravity tectonics 重力构造gray brown desert soil 灰棕漠境土;灰棕色荒漠土gray brown forest soil 灰棕色森林土gray brown podzolic soil 灰棕色灰化土gray cinnamonic soil 灰褐土gray desert soil 灰钙土gray desert steppe soil 灰漠草原土gray ferruginous soil 灰色铁质土gray forest gley soil 潜育灰色森林土gray forest soil 灰色森林土gray humic acid 灰色胡敏酸gray level distribution 灰度分布gray level resolution 灰度分辨率gray scale 灰度等级;灰度标gray solodic soil 灰色脱碱土gray warp soil 灰色冲积土graywacke 杂砂岩grayzems 灰色森林土grazing 放牧grazing capacity 载畜量grazing district 牧区grazing land 牧地grazing season 放牧季节greasy lustre 脂肪光泽great ice age 大冰期great soil group 土类green algae 绿藻类green fooder 青饲料green index number 绿色指数值green manure 绿肥green moss 青苔green mud 绿泥green pigment 绿色色素green revolution 绿色革命green rock 绿色岩green schist 绿色片岩green sulfur bacteria 绿色硫黄细菌greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect 温室效应greenland high 格陵兰高压greenschist facies 绿色片岩相greenstone 绿岩greenwich meridian 格林尼治子午线gregariousness 群集度greisen 云英岩griblet 思grid 格网grid bearing 坐标象限角grid convergence 子午线收敛角grid coordinates 平面直角坐标grid data 网格点数据grid line 坐标格网线grid map 网格地图grid north 格网北grid reference 参考坐标格网grid square 坐标方格grid ticks 格网标记grit 粗砂岩gritty soil 砂砾质土grobal environment 全球环境groove 小沟gross production 总产量gross productivity 总生产能力ground 地面ground avalanche 地崩ground coefficient 地基系数ground control center 地面控制中心ground control point 地面控制点ground cover 死地被物ground drain 地下排水ground fog 低雾ground humidity 土壤湿度ground ice 底冰ground layer 贴地层ground level 地面高程ground moistening 地下湿润ground moraine 冰底碛ground photogrammetry 地面摄影测量ground pressure 地压ground range resolution 地距分辨率ground receiving station 地面接收站ground resolution 地面分辨率ground return 地面反射ground survey 地面测量ground temperature 地面温度ground truth data 地面实况数据ground truth investigation 地面实况甸ground truth sites 地面实况点ground vegetation 地面植被ground vegetation cover 地面植被ground visibility 地面能见度ground water 潜水ground water budget 地下水平衡ground water cascade 地下水跌差ground water depth 地下水深度ground water divide 地下分水界ground water lateritic soil 潜水砖红壤性土ground water level 地下水位ground water occurrence 地下水赋友存条件ground water paddy soil 地下水水稻土ground water podsol soil 潜育灰化土ground water podzol 潜水灰壤ground water pollution 地下水污染ground water recharge 地下水补给ground water reservoir 地下水库ground water run off 地下径流ground water soil 潜水土壤ground water spring 潜水泉ground water storage 地下水储量ground water surface 地下水面ground water table 地下水位groundmass 石基groundwater 地下水groundwater pollution 地下水污染groundwater recession 地下水位下降groundwater runoff 地下径流group 群group reaction 组反应group synchronization 群同步grouping 分组grove 小林growing delta 生长三角洲growing point 生长点growing season 生长期growth 生长growth curve 生长曲线growth factor 生长因子growth information 长势信息growth regulator 生长第物质growth ring 生长轮growth substance 生长物质grubbing 挖除伐根gruenerite 铁闪石guanite 鸟粪石guano 鸟粪guidance 制导guide copy 底图guide elements 旨元素guide fossil 标准化石gulch 冲沟gulf 海湾gully erosion 挖深浸蚀gullying 沟道下切gum tree forest 桉村林gust 阵风gust frequency 阵风频率gustiness 阵性gutenberg discontinuity 古登堡间断面guttation 吐水gymnosperms 裸子植物gypsic horizon 石膏层gypsic xerosols 石膏干旱土gypsic yermosols 石膏漠境土gypsophil 喜石膏植物gypsophilous plants 喜石膏植物gypsophyte 石膏植物gypsum crust 石膏结壳gypsum salt series 石膏盐分系列gypsuming 施用石膏gyre 环流gyro 陀螺仪gyrocompass 回转罗盘gyrostat 回转稳定器gyrotheodolite 陀螺经纬仪gyttja 腐殖泥。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（45）
地理专业词汇英语翻译(45)forest vegetation 森林植物群forest with grass layer 多草森林forest zone 森林地带forestry 林学forestry remote sensing 林业遥感form 形状form factor 形状因素form of poluttants 污染物形态formaldehyde water pollution 甲醛水污染format 规格formation 地层formation class 群系纲formation group 群系组formation heat 形成热formic acid 甲酸formlines 地形线forsterite 镁橄榄石fort 要塞fortification 筑城fortified area 筑城地域forward intersection 前方交会fossil 化石fossil anomaly 古异常fossil coenosis 化石群fossil delta 古三角洲fossil droppings 粪化石fossil erosion surface 古侵蚀面fossil ice 化石冰fossil men 化石人fossil penenplain 古准平原fossil plant 植物化石fossil pollen 花粉化石fossil pteridophytes 化石蕨fossil soil 埋藏土壤fossil soil method 古土壤法fossil soils 古土壤fossil species 化石种fossilisation 化石化foul land 污秽地foul weather 坏天气foundering 陷落fountain spring 喷泉fourier spectrometer 傅里叶谱仪fourier transform hologram 傅里叶变换全息图fowl 家禽fraction 粒级fractional analysis 分组分析fractional crystallization 分离结晶fractional isotopic abudance 同位素丰度fractional precipitation 分级沉淀fractional separation 分级fractionation 分级fractionation factor 分离系数fractocumulus 碎积云fractonimbus 碎雨云fractostratus 碎层云fracture 断口;隙泉fracture cleavage 破劈理fracture zone 断裂带fragipan 脆磐fragment 碎片fragmental limestone 钙屑灰岩fragmental structure 碎屑状结构fragmental texture 碎屑结构fragmentary material 碎屑物质fragrant plant 香料植物frame 框架frame of image 像幅framework 框架francium 钫frazil 底冰frazil ice 片冰free air reduction 空间改化free ammonia 游离氨free atmosphere 自由大气层free atmosphere climate 自由大气层气候free balloon 自由气球free convection 自由对流free energy of activation 自由活化能free energy of formation 生成的自由能free enthalpy 自由焓free gas 游离气体free generalization 任意综合free ground water 自由地下水free hand profile map 随手剖面图free iron 游离铁free open textured sand 松砂free organic acids 游离有机酸free oxide 游离氧化物free radical 自由基free radical reaction 游离基反应free state 游离状态free valence 自由价free water 自由水freeze hole 冻结钻孔freeze up 冰冻期freezing 冰冻freezing fog 冻雾freezing hole 冻结钻孔freezing nuclei 冻结核freezing point 冰点french curves 曲线板freon 氟利昴frequency 频率frequency analysis 频率分析frequency class 频率级frequency curve 频率曲线frequency distribution 频率分布frequency estimate 频率估价frequency map 频率分布图frequency range 频率范围frequency spectrum 频率谱frequency stability 频率稳定性frequent irrigation 频繁灌溉fresh regolith 新鲜风化层fresh water 淡水fresh water lake 淡湖fresh water lake deposits 淡水湖沉积物fresh water marsh 淡水沼泽fresh water plankton 淡水浮游生物fresh water plant 淡水植物fresh water swamp 淡水沼泽freshly exposed surface 新暴露面friability 松散性friable iron pan 松散铁磐friable soil 松散土壤friction 摩擦friction breccia 擦碎角砾岩friction head loss 摩擦水头损失friction layer 摩擦层friction losses 摩擦水头fringe region 大气边缘层fringe woodland 长廊林fringing reef 裙礁front 锋front anomaly 前缘异常front elements 前缘元素front line of snowmelt 融雪前锋线front view 正视图frontal analysis 锋面分析frontal fog 锋面雾frontal moraine 前碛frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal surface 锋面frontal thunderstorm 锋面雷暴frontal waves 锋面波frontal zone 锋带frontier 国境frontogenesis 锋生frontolysis 锋消frost 霜frost cracking 冻裂frost cracks 霜裂frost damages 霜冻损害frost free period 解冻期frost heaving 冻拔frost mound 冻丘frost pocket 霜穴frost protection 防霜frost shake 冻裂隙frost weathering 冰冻风化frostless period 解冻期froth 泡沫frozen rain 冻雨frozen soil 冻土fructification 结实fructose 果糖fruit 水果fruit bud 果芽fruit tree 果树fruticous desert 灌木荒漠full moon 满月full sheet 全页图full water capacity 最大持水量fuller's earth 酸性白土fulvic acid 富里酸fumaric acid 延胡酸fumarole 喷气孔fume 尘云function 函数function of fluroine 氟元素功能functional diagram 功能图functional group 官能团functioning 起酌fundamental color 知颜色fundamental point 基准点fungi 菌类fungicide 杀菌剂fungus 真菌。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（27）
地理专业词汇英语翻译(27)geodetic satellite 测地卫星geodetic survey 大地测量geodetic zenith 大地天顶geodetics 测地学geodimeter 光电测距仪geodynamics 地球动力学geoenergetic theory 地球能量论geoflexure 地球褶皱geognosy 地球构造学geographic azimuth 地理方位角geographic coordinate net 地理坐标格网geographic coordinate values 地理坐标值geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic cycle 地理循环geographic data 地理资料geographic data base 地理资料库geographic data handling 地理数据外理geographic elements 地理要素geographic information 地理信息geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic name 地理名称geographic network 地理坐标网geographic north 地理北geographic pathology 地理病理学geographical components 地理成分geographical distribution 地理分布geographical environment 地理环境geographical information system 地理信息系统geographical isolation 地理隔离geographical landscape 地理景观geographical map 地图geographical position 地理位置geographical variation 地理变异geographical vicariad 地理的替代种geographical zonality 地理地带性geographical zonation 地理地带性geographical zone 地理带geography 地理学geohistory 地史学geohydrology 水文地质学geoid 地球体geoidal height 大地水准面高geoisotherm 等地温线geologic barometer 地质压力计geologic column 地质柱状图geologic map 地质图geologic time scale 地质年代表geological aerosurvey 地质航空勘测geological age 地质时代geological column map 地质柱状地图geological cycle 地质回旋geological environment 地质环境geological formation 地质建造geological map of bed rocks 基岩地质图geological profile 地质剖面geological remote sensing 地质遥感geological reserves 地质储量geological structure 地质构造geology 地质学geomagnetic axis 地磁轴geomagnetic latitude 地磁纬度geomagnetic pole 地磁极geomagnetic reversal 地磁反向geomagnetism 地磁geometer 测地仪geometric correction 几何校正geometric distortion 几何畸变geometric generalization 几何综合geometric mean 几何平均geomicrobiological prospecting 地球微生物探矿geomicrobiology 地球微生物学geominating capacity 发芽能力geomorphic contrasts 地貌衬度geomorphic history 地貌发展史geomorphic levels 地貌水准面geomorphologic agent 地貌营力geomorphologic map 地形图geomorphological profile 地貌剖面geomorphological regionalisation 地貌的区域化geomorphology 地形学geonomics 经济地理学geony 地原学geophagia 食土癖geophagy 食土癖geophone 地震检波器geophotogrammetry 地面摄影测量术geophysical prospecting 地球物理勘探geophysics 地球物理学geophysiography 地球学geophyte 地下芽植物geophytes 地下芽植物geopotential 重力势geoscopy 测地学geospheres 陆圈geostationary meteorological satellite 地球静止气象卫星geostationary meteorological satellite system 地球静止气象卫星系统geostationary operational environmental satellite 同步环境实用卫星geostationary orbit 地球静止轨道geostationary satellite 地球静止卫星geostratigraphy 全球地层学geostrophic current 地转风气流geostrophic wind 地转风geosuture 地缝合线geosynclinal area 地槽区geosynclinal belt 地槽带geosynclinal system 地槽系geosyncline 地槽geotechnical system 地质工学系geotechnics 土工学geotechnological regionalization 地学工程技术区划geotectonic geology 大地构造地质学geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 构造地质学geotecture 大地构造geothermal gradient 地温梯度geothermal remote sensing 地热遥感geothermal well 地热井坑geothermy 地热geotropism 向地性germ 萌芽german measles 风疹germanium 锗germicide 杀菌剂germinating ability 发芽能力germination 发芽geyser 间歇泉geyserite 硅华ghost echo 回波giant's kettle 瓯穴giantism 巨人症gibbsite 三水铝矿gigantism 巨人症gilgai 粘土小洼地gismondite 多水高岭土glacial 冰河的glacial amphitheater 粒雪盆glacial anticyclone 冰原反气旋glacial cycle 冰川旋回glacial denudation 冰蚀glacial deposit 冰川沉积glacial erosion 冰蚀glacial erosion cycle 冰蚀轮回glacial erosion lake 冰蚀湖glacial flora 冰川植物群glacial forms of relief 冰川地形glacial geology 冰川地质学glacial lake 冰川湖glacial moulin 冰川磨glacial period 冰纪glacial polish 冰川磨片glacial pot hole 冰川穴glacial scratches 冰川擦痕glacial stage 冰川期glacial stairway 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial steps 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial stream 冰河glacial stria 冰川擦痕glacial till 冰碛物glacial trough 冰川槽glacial valley 冰蚀谷。
地理专业英语教案
许昌学院城市与环境学院教案课程名称：地理专业英语课程类型：□理论课■理论、实践课□实践课学时：32 学分： 2授课教师：李中轩授课班级：08级地理科学授课学期：2010 至2011 学年第2学期教材名称：地理专业英语参考资料：1．地质学基础2．自然地理学3．地理学专业英语2011年 2 月 20 日《地理专业英语》教材分析本课程以培养学生地理科学专业英语文献阅读和翻译能力为主要目的，以岩石圈、大气圈、水圈、生物圈、土壤圈、人类社会圈系统和地理信息系统理论为主要内容，分为三大部共16个单元，其中技术地理部分涉及较多的3S技术方面内容，因而将其作为自学内容。
第一部分为自然地理学的基本原理，第二部分为人文地理学的基本理论，第三部分为地理信息系统的基础知识和应用。
每单元分为四个部分内容：基础知识文献、专业单词表、课后习题和补充阅读材料。
基础知识文献部分属于必学内容，涉及的地理学知识大多已经在专业课中学过，对于大三同学而言并不陌生。
关键是文献中使用大量专业词汇，这对学生而言需要花费更多的力气去过单词关，对于一个将来需要进一步深造的本科生来说是必须的和必要的知识储备。
文献部分需要认真阅读，并能复述出文献的主要观点，同时在课堂讨论中有自己的认识和独到观点，并且能够进行口语表达。
课后作业内容可以提前在预习时完成，将疑难问题放到课堂上经过讨论后解决。
每个课时都安排约30分钟作为学生的讨论和回答问题时间，也可以按照单元进度开展对应的口语交流，以提高对专业英语文献的理解和应用技能。
《专业英语》是地理科学专业的一门必修课。
本课程的目的是使学生在进行了两年的公共英语学习后，在巩固已有知识的基础上，掌握科技英语的特点，具备教好的英语资料查阅及专业英语交流的能力。
也就是说，开设本课程，主要是让学生具备“以英语为工具通过阅读获取专业所需信息的能力”。
通过本课程的学习，学生应在科技词汇、专业英语文献阅读速度、准确理解和翻译专业文献、摘要写作上有较大的提高。
地理专业英语分解
地理专业英语geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石physical geography 自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra firma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow (小)草原prairie (大)草原lake 湖泊pond 池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor, moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune 沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah (南美)大草原virgin forest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word and phrase1. core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳4. continental crust 大陆地壳5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩6. sial; sima 硅铝层；硅镁层7. surface waves; body .. 面波；体波8. epicentre; focus 震中；震源9. lithosphere 岩石圈10. tectonic plate 构造板块11. continetal drift 大陆漂移12. asthenosphere 软流层13. ocean ridge 洋脊14. ocean trench 海沟15. subduction 俯冲作用16. volcanism 火山作用17. fold mountain 褶皱山脉18. fold; fault 褶皱；断层19. sedimentary rocks 沉积岩20. vent 火山口21. lava 熔岩22.volcanic cones 火山锥23. parasitic cone 寄生火山锥24. plug 岩颈25. volcanic ash 火山灰26. mechanical weathering 机械风化27. chemical weathering 化学风化28. freeze-thaw 冻融29. pressure release 卸荷释重30.limestone 石灰岩31. hydrolysis 水解作用32. quartz 石英33. hydration 水合作用34. oxidation 氧化作用35. alluvium 冲击层36. gravel 砂砾37. denudation 剥蚀作用38. precipitation 降水39. climatic zone 气候带40. mid-latitude 中纬度41. semi-arid 半干旱42. tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候43. watershed 分水岭44. drainage basin 流域45. regolith 风化层46. soil creep 土壤蠕动47. mass movement 块体运动48. strata 地层49. overland runoff 地表径流50. sheet wash 片状冲刷51. pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52. rockfall 山崩53. landslide 滑坡54. interception 截流55. evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量56. capillary rise 毛管上升57. aeration zone 包气带58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59. water table 潜水面（水位）60. basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积61. tributary 支流；62. trunk stream 干流63. drainage density 河网密度64. flood plain 泛滥平原65. coniferous tree 松树67. inselberg 岛状山68. equator 赤道69. monsoon 季风70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线71. discharge 流量72. peak flow 洪峰流量73. rainfall peak 降水峰值74. precipitation intensity 降水强度75. land use 土地利用76. water-born waste 水成废弃物77. heavy metal 重金属78. climatology 气候学79. urban heat island 城市热岛80. deciduous trees 落叶树81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀83. headward erosion 溯源侵蚀84. lateral erosion 侧蚀85. pot-hole 壶穴86. meander 曲流87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖88. delta 三角洲89. lake basin 湖盆90. levee 天然提91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物94. atmospherical fallout 大气沉降95. laminar flow 层流96. turbulent flow 紊流97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度99. sandbar 沙坝100. thalweg 中泓线101. estuary 河口102. lagoon 泻湖103. salinity 盐度104. coastline 海岸线105. dune 沙丘106. suspension; saltation; creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移107. dust storm 尘暴108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风109. prevailing wind 盛行风110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111. aridity 干燥度112. tropic of cancer 北回归线113. tropic of capricorn 南回归线114. gobi 戈壁115. continentality 大陆度116. cold ocean current 寒流117. plateau 高原118. alluvial fan 冲积扇119. pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120. deflation 风蚀121. moraine 冰碛122. glacial；interglacial 冰期；间冰期123. Recent 全新世124. Quaternary Era 第四纪125. periglacial period 冰缘期126. nivation 冰蚀127. earth’ orbit 地球轨道128. plucking 挖蚀129. abrasion 磨蚀130. pyramidal peak 角峰131. arete 刃脊132. cirque 冰斗133. horn 角峰134. U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷135. fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136. drumlin 鼓丘137. terminal moraine 终碛138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139. kettle hole 锅穴140. wavelength 波长141. crest；trough 波峰；波谷142. wave period 周期143. wave frequency 波频144. wave height 波高145. wave refraction 波浪折射146. tidal range 潮差147. stack 海蚀柱148. arch 海蚀拱桥149. headland 海岬150. troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo- 对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成151. pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力152. isobar 等压线153. sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压154. cirrus 卷云155. cumulus 积云156. stratus 层云157. cumulonimbus 积雨云158. convection rain 对流雨159. thunderstorm 雷雨160. depression 低气压161. frontal rain 锋面雨162. orographic rain 地形雨163. equatorial trough 赤道低压槽164. front 锋165. temperature inversion 逆温166. soil texture 土壤质地167. loam 壤土168. soil structure 土壤结构169. soil moisture 土壤水分170. field capacity 田间持水量171. cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量172. podzol 灰化土173. brown earth 褐土174. sandstone 砂岩175. gley 潜育土176. azonal soil 非地带性土壤177. soil horizon 土层178. humification 腐殖化作用179. mineralisation 矿化作用180. eluviation 淋溶作用181. calcification 钙化作用182. salinisation 盐化作用183. gleying 潜育化作用184. illuviation 淀积作用185. savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳）186. saline soil 盐土187. biogeography 生物地理学188. biotic ; abiotic element 生物;非生物成分189. autotroph; heterotroph 自养生物；异养生物190. producer; consumer 生产者；消费者191. photosynthesis 光合作用192. herbivore 食草动物193. carnivore 食肉动物194. decomposer 分解者195. trophic pyramid 营养金字塔196. food web 食物网197. primary productivity 初级生产力198. gross productivity 总生产力199. net productivity 净生产力200. continental shelf 大陆架201. succession（prisere）演替202. climax community 顶级群落203. primary (secondary) succession 初级和次级演替English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1. Longitude and latitude ...........................经度和纬度P1 (1)Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earth...地球的自转和公转P6 (2)Lesson 4. The major classes of landforms...............主要地形类型P13 (6)Lesson 5 Delta plains ..........................................三角洲平原P16 (8)Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 (8)Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth .................................地球圈层P31 (8)Lesson 8 The rock cycle ..........................................岩石循环P43 (9)Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis .......................................成土作用p48 (10)Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流 P62 (11)Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................水循环P74 (11)Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use..................三种城市土地利用模式P97 (11)Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects...............空气污染原因和影响P168 (12)Lesson 14 Hurricane ...................................................飓风P182 (12)Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、The location of points on the earth’s surface follows a system in which lengthsof arc are measured along meridians and parallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、that desired point 欲量算的点3、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、almost universally 几乎一致6、The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes throughthe old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、be referred to as 被称为8、Long. 115。
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地理专业英语geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石physical geography 自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra firma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow (小)草原prairie (大)草原lake 湖泊pond 池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor, moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune 沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah (南美)大草原virgin forest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word and phrase1. core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳4. continental crust 大陆地壳5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩6. sial; sima 硅铝层；硅镁层7. surface waves; body .. 面波；体波8. epicentre; focus 震中；震源9. lithosphere 岩石圈10. tectonic plate 构造板块11. continetal drift 大陆漂移12. asthenosphere 软流层13. ocean ridge 洋脊14. ocean trench 海沟15. subduction 俯冲作用16. volcanism 火山作用17. fold mountain 褶皱山脉18. fold; fault 褶皱；断层19. sedimentary rocks 沉积岩20. vent 火山口21. lava 熔岩22.volcanic cones 火山锥23. parasitic cone 寄生火山锥24. plug 岩颈25. volcanic ash 火山灰26. mechanical weathering 机械风化27. chemical weathering 化学风化28. freeze-thaw 冻融29. pressure release 卸荷释重30.limestone 石灰岩31. hydrolysis 水解作用32. quartz 石英33. hydration 水合作用34. oxidation 氧化作用35. alluvium 冲击层36. gravel 砂砾37. denudation 剥蚀作用38. precipitation 降水39. climatic zone 气候带40. mid-latitude 中纬度41. semi-arid 半干旱42. tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候43. watershed 分水岭44. drainage basin 流域45. regolith 风化层46. soil creep 土壤蠕动47. mass movement 块体运动48. strata 地层49. overland runoff 地表径流50. sheet wash 片状冲刷51. pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52. rockfall 山崩53. landslide 滑坡54. interception 截流55. evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量56. capillary rise 毛管上升57. aeration zone 包气带58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59. water table 潜水面（水位）60. basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积61. tributary 支流；62. trunk stream 干流63. drainage density 河网密度64. flood plain 泛滥平原65. coniferous tree 松树67. inselberg 岛状山68. equator 赤道69. monsoon 季风70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线71. discharge 流量72. peak flow 洪峰流量73. rainfall peak 降水峰值74. precipitation intensity 降水强度75. land use 土地利用76. water-born waste 水成废弃物77. heavy metal 重金属78. climatology 气候学79. urban heat island 城市热岛80. deciduous trees 落叶树81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀83. headward erosion 溯源侵蚀84. lateral erosion 侧蚀85. pot-hole 壶穴86. meander 曲流87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖88. delta 三角洲89. lake basin 湖盆90. levee 天然提91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物94. atmospherical fallout 大气沉降95. laminar flow 层流96. turbulent flow 紊流97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度99. sandbar 沙坝100. thalweg 中泓线101. estuary 河口102. lagoon 泻湖103. salinity 盐度104. coastline 海岸线105. dune 沙丘106. suspension; saltation; creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移107. dust storm 尘暴108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风109. prevailing wind 盛行风110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111. aridity 干燥度112. tropic of cancer 北回归线113. tropic of capricorn 南回归线114. gobi 戈壁115. continentality 大陆度116. cold ocean current 寒流117. plateau 高原118. alluvial fan 冲积扇119. pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120. deflation 风蚀121. moraine 冰碛122. glacial；interglacial 冰期；间冰期123. Recent 全新世124. Quaternary Era 第四纪125. periglacial period 冰缘期126. nivation 冰蚀127. earth’ orbit 地球轨道128. plucking 挖蚀129. abrasion 磨蚀130. pyramidal peak 角峰131. arete 刃脊132. cirque 冰斗133. horn 角峰134. U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷135. fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136. drumlin 鼓丘137. terminal moraine 终碛138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139. kettle hole 锅穴140. wavelength 波长141. crest；trough 波峰；波谷142. wave period 周期143. wave frequency 波频144. wave height 波高145. wave refraction 波浪折射146. tidal range 潮差147. stack 海蚀柱148. arch 海蚀拱桥149. headland 海岬150. troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo- 对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成151. pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力152. isobar 等压线153. sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压154. cirrus 卷云155. cumulus 积云156. stratus 层云157. cumulonimbus 积雨云158. convection rain 对流雨159. thunderstorm 雷雨160. depression 低气压161. frontal rain 锋面雨162. orographic rain 地形雨163. equatorial trough 赤道低压槽164. front 锋165. temperature inversion 逆温166. soil texture 土壤质地167. loam 壤土168. soil structure 土壤结构169. soil moisture 土壤水分170. field capacity 田间持水量171. cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量172. podzol 灰化土173. brown earth 褐土174. sandstone 砂岩175. gley 潜育土176. azonal soil 非地带性土壤177. soil horizon 土层178. humification 腐殖化作用179. mineralisation 矿化作用180. eluviation 淋溶作用181. calcification 钙化作用182. salinisation 盐化作用183. gleying 潜育化作用184. illuviation 淀积作用185. savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳）186. saline soil 盐土187. biogeography 生物地理学188. biotic ; abiotic element 生物;非生物成分189. autotroph; heterotroph 自养生物；异养生物190. producer; consumer 生产者；消费者191. photosynthesis 光合作用192. herbivore 食草动物193. carnivore 食肉动物194. decomposer 分解者195. trophic pyramid 营养金字塔196. food web 食物网197. primary productivity 初级生产力198. gross productivity 总生产力199. net productivity 净生产力200. continental shelf 大陆架201. succession（prisere）演替202. climax community 顶级群落203. primary (secondary) succession 初级和次级演替English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1. Longitude and latitude ...........................经度和纬度P1 (1)Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earth...地球的自转和公转P6 (2)Lesson 4. The major classes of landforms...............主要地形类型P13 (6)Lesson 5 Delta plains ..........................................三角洲平原P16 (8)Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 (8)Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth .................................地球圈层P31 (8)Lesson 8 The rock cycle ..........................................岩石循环P43 (9)Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis .......................................成土作用p48 (10)Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流 P62 (11)Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................水循环P74 (11)Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use..................三种城市土地利用模式P97 (11)Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects...............空气污染原因和影响P168 (12)Lesson 14 Hurricane ...................................................飓风P182 (12)Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、The location of points on the earth’s surface follows a system in which lengthsof arc are measured along meridians and parallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、that desired point 欲量算的点3、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between thatplace and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、almost universally 几乎一致6、The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes throughthe old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、be referred to as 被称为8、Long. 115。