汽机培训教材PPT(共 45张)

主机的结构概述及性能参数
汽缸 casing 隔板、汽封 diaphragm, gland seal 轴承 shaft bearing 转子 rotor 盘车 turning gear
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 汽缸、滑销系统
汽缸是汽轮机的外壳。其作用是将进入汽轮机的蒸汽与大气隔开，形成蒸汽 能量转换的封闭汽室；汽缸内部安装着隔板和隔板套、汽封等部件，外部与 进汽、排汽及抽汽等管道相连接，因此还起着支承定位的作用。
喀北电站汽机概述 Turbine overview
喀北电站汽机图片 turbine picture
汽机主机的结构概述
General description of main unit structure 汽轮机的结构组成：
Composition of steam turbine 静止部分：包括汽缸、喷嘴、隔板、隔板套、汽封及轴承等部件；
高压缸前部有四个蒸汽室，与汽缸焊成一体，每个蒸汽室内装有 一只调节阀，四个调节阀各自控制着一组喷嘴。每个调节阀由一 个调节阀操纵座控制其开度。新汽通过主汽阀后，由四根主汽管 分别引入四个高压调节阀，由调节阀控制进入高压缸的蒸汽流量。 高压缸排汽通过位于汽缸上方的两根连通管进入低压缸。进入低 压缸的蒸汽对称地向前后两个方向流动，在通流部分膨胀做功之 后，经过低压缸扩压管排入排汽装置。
高压汽缸为单层缸隔板套结构，由高压缸前部和高压缸后部两部分组成。前 部由耐热合金ZG20CrMoV浇铸而成，后部由碳钢ZG230～450浇铸而成， 两部分通过垂直法兰用螺栓连接起来，高压缸前部采用高窄法兰，取消法兰 加热装置，有利于机组快速启停。
The HP casing is single layer blade carrier structure, it consists of the front part and rear part. The front part is forged by heat resistant alloy ZG20CrMoV, the rear part is casted with mild steel ZG230～450. these two parts are connected together through vertical flange with blots, the front part of Ph casing adopts high narrow flange, the heating device should be removed, which is favorable for the shut down and start up of unit with fast speed.
Static parts: including casing, nozzle, diaphragm, diaphragm sleeve, gland seal and bearings etc.
转动部件：包括动叶片及转子（叶轮、主轴）联轴器、汽封等部件；
Rotating parts: including moving blade and rotor (impeller, main shaft), coupling, gland seal etc.
Casing is the shell of turbine. Its function is to separate the steam entering into the turbine from atmosphere, forming the sealed steam chamber where the steam energy can be transformed; the components such as diaphragm and blade carrier etc. are installed in the casing, the pipes such as steam admission pipe, exhaust pipe and extraction pipe are connected to the exterior part of casing, therefore, it also plays the role of supporting and positioning.
附属设备：包括主汽阀、调节汽阀、调节系统、主油泵、辅助油泵及 润滑装置等。
Auxiliary equipment: including main steam valve, adjusting steam valve, adjusting system, main oil pump, auxiliary oil pump and lubricating device etc.
There are four steam chambers in front of casing， which are welded integrally with casing, each air chamber is equipped with a control valve, the individual control valves controls a group of nozzle respectively. A control pedestal of control valve controls the opening of a control valve. After passing through the main stop valve, the fresh steam is introduced into HP control valve by four main steam pipes, the steam entering into HP casing is controlled by control valve. The exhausted steam from HP casing enters into LP casing through two connecting tubes located on the top of casing. The steam entered into LP casing flows forward and backward symmetrically, after expanding to work in the admission passage. The steam will be discharged into exhaust device through diffuser tube of LP casing.