商务英语翻译 定语从句 (1)

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的标志。
“We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist. 一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。”
这是一所国际商务学院，该院学生将被培养成合资或外国 独资企业的管理者。
定语从句（2）：非限定性定语从句的翻译
2. 后置法 ②在译文中将定语从句后置，省略英语关系代词所代表的含义。例如：
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
Late last century, all universities in the United States adopted the credit system which benefited students a great deal. 上个世纪末，美国所有大学都采用了学分制，从而使学生 们受益匪浅。
我把摄像机借给了李先生，而李先生又把它借给了营销部 的王先生。
This is a school of international business, the students of which are trained to be business executives for joint ventures or foreign-owned businesses.
3. 溶合法——是指把原句中的主句与定语从句溶合在一起翻 译成一个独立的句子。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系密切， 所以溶合法比较适合于翻译限制性定语从句。 ①英语中的there be结构，去掉关系代词 Fortunately there are some US Congressmen who are supportive of extending MFN treatment to China.
某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译
②某些带有定语从句的英语复合句强调的重点是定语从句的内容， 在翻译成汉语时可将英语的主句压缩成汉语的名词词组，而把定语 从句处理成谓语，即，将主句的主语处理成定语，将主句的宾语或 表语处理成汉语的名词使其变成主语，去掉定语从句的主语（关系 代词），使定语从句的谓语与主句的压缩结构（处理后的主语）构 成主谓语关系。例如：
I hope your success, which is an inspiration to me, will continue. 我希望你不断取得成功，你的成功对我是个鼓舞。
定语从句（2）：非限定性定语从句的翻译
3. 溶合法 主从糅合，重新组合。例如：
This poem, which almost everybody knows, is written by Tennyson.
有房地产市场、外汇市场、劳务市场、短期资金市场等等； 任何有价值的东西都可能有个市场。
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译
2. 后置法： ① 译成并列分句，重复英语先行词
They would have to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly participated in an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war. 他们可能不得不蒙受耻辱度过余生，这个耻辱就是：他曾贸 然参与了一项行动，这项行动破坏了最高级会谈，并且可以 设想，还可能触发一场核战争。
定语从句（3）：带有状语功能的定语从句
② 译成表示“结果”的分句。例如：
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of the directors of the board. 这个方案具有创新性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此董事们 都很喜欢。
他那个萧条了三年的公司，现在又重整旗鼓了。
定语从句（2）：非限定性定语从句的翻译
2. 后置法 ①译成并列分句。在译文中将定语从句后置，重复英语关系代词所代 表的含义。例如：
I lent my camcorder to Mr. Li, who in turn lent it to Mr. Wang in the marketing department.
幸好有些美国国会议员支持延长对华最惠国待遇。
There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.
有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。 There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
句法翻译之四：定语从句
一般来说，限制性定语从句由于对主句起着限制作用，并影 响着主句的完整性，所以在翻译时，只要译文上口而又不会引起误 解，都是可以前置的。但是在实践中，由于汉语中短句的使用比英 语更普遍，所以常常将限制性定语从句翻译成与主句并列的句子， 而非限制性定语从句一般可以翻译成为并列句或独立句。
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译
3. 溶合法 ③ 主从糅合，重新组合。例如：
To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude.
在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译
1.前置法：
Everything that we saw at the Industrial Exhibition greatly interested us. 在工业博览会上所看到的一切引起了我们极大的兴趣。
There are real estate markets, foreign exchange markets, labor markets, short-term capital market, and so on; there may be a market for anything which has a price.
定语从句（2）：非限定性定语从句的翻译
2.后置法 ③译成汉语的独立句。例如：
The President had talked to Secretary of Commerce Rom Brown, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 总统与商务部部长罗姆·布朗谈过话。商务部长向总统保证， 凡是能够做到的事情都将竭尽全力去做。
（1）限定性定语从句的翻译 （2）非限定性定语从句的翻译 （3）带有状语功能的定语从句 （4）分离式定语从句的翻译 （5）As引导的定语从句
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译
1.前置法：把英语的限制性定语从句翻译成带“的”字 的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将英语的复句变 成汉语的单句。例如：
The managing director received a letter from her that announced her resignation.
总经理收到了她的信，信中说明她要辞职。
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译 2. 后置法 ②译成并列分句，省略先行词
A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.
Trade barrier is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 贸易壁垒是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。
In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
丁尼生写的这首诗，几乎人尽皆知。
定语从句（3）：带有状语功能的定语从句
① 译成表示“原因”的分句。例如：
The speaker did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question.
燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定了一种新方法，采用之后产量已经迅速得到提高。
定语从句（1）：限定性定语从句的翻译
在一些国家里，人与人之间的社会关系是要长期慢慢培养 的。习惯了这种情形的游客一旦到了美国，可能觉得美国 人的方式很可怕，太注意私人问题，没有礼貌。
定语从句（2）：非限定性定语从句的翻译
1. 前置法 一些较短而具有描写性的英语非限制性定语从句，可以翻译成汉语的 前置定语，放在被修饰词之前。例如：
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.
饭后，四个主要谈判人员继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
Electrons also flow in a television tube, where they are made to hit the screen, causing a flash of light.
电子来自百度文库流入电视显像管，撞击荧光屏，产生闪光。
Transistors, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small.
体积小的晶体管使得先前那种又大又笨的收音机变得又小又轻。
His firm, which has suffered from a business slump for three years, now starts all over again.
定语从句（3）：带有状语功能的定语从句
③ 译成表示“让步”的分句。例如：
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work or replace men. 尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工 作，也不能代替人。
发言人没有详细谈到这件事情，因为白宫没有把这件事 情看做是一个特别重要的问题。
We did not place an order with that company, whose offer was not what we had expected.
我们没有与那家公司签订购买订单，因为他们的报价超 出我们的预料。