初中英语中考复习资料(超全语法词组句型作文及知识点大全)

一、主要句式

(一) 知识概要

初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：①主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.②主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.③主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：①用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如：The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。③有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如：This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：People are coming here这样的词还有Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲a policeman。两个警察为two policemen。又如a policewoman, two policewomen⑤所有不定代词each，either，neither，one，the other，nobody，nothing，anyone，anything，someone，something …要作为单数如：Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有：and not only …but also，neither …nor，either …or如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有：but 和yet，如：She is a good student, but she didn't pass the

final exam. 又如：I think the news is strange, yet it is true表示选择关系的连词有：or，either …or，如：Hurry up, or you will be late for school表示因果关系的并列连词有：for，so 如：They studied very hard，so they all passed the exam在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。①在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如：I am sure (that) she has passed the exam②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有or not 结构时，要用whether, 如：I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not③what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如：I don't understand what you said(what 作said 的宾语)。又如：I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。④who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? ⑤whose 如：I want to know whose book this is? ⑥which 如：Do you know which book is mine?在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，①how 它的应用最广，如：how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如：How much does it cost? ②when 它只是连接时间状语，如：Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③where 它连接地点状语，如：Where are you from? ④why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如：The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。①主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如：I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。I know he will come tomorrow我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London

我知道他已去伦敦了。②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能