重要医学英语常用前后缀及用法

医学英语常用前后缀

1．人体主要器官前缀

名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例

心heart cardiao-cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology

脑brain encepholo-cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lung pulmo-pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liver hepato-hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomach gastro-gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

胆gallbladder chole-biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

肠intestine entero-intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleen splen-splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreas pancreato-pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾kidney nephro-renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称通用名前（后）缀示例

血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

静脉vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

动脉artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．与数字有关的前缀

数字前缀示例

一（单）mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 二bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa- octahedral/octal system

九nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetrad ecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色通用名前缀示例

色color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

红red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

绿green

棕brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G

粉红pink oink frothy sputum

绯红crimson

青铜bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)

含义前（后）缀形容词示例

病patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态-osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少-penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic