虚拟语气学案

学习过程

一、复习预习

复习上节内容，并引入本节课程内容

二、知识讲解

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，主要用法有两种：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。

1. 表示对现在的虚拟：

If I were you, I would study hard.

If we had time ,we would attend the meeting.

2. 表示对过去的虚拟：

If I hadn’t been ill,I would have seen you.

If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.

3. 表示对将来的虚拟：

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.

考点/易错点1

省略if的虚拟语气

虚拟条件句中的if在一些情况下可以省略，请看下面的例子：

If it should happen, what would you do?

If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have

come over.

If I were in school again, I would work harder. Were I in school again, I would work

harder.

考点/易错点2

混合/错综型虚拟语气

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.

If I were you, I would have taken his advice.

If you had told me the news yesterday,I wouldn’t be so worried now.

If I were you,I wouldn’t have missed the concert last night.

考点/易错点3

含蓄虚拟条件句

有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。

常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for, otherwise, or等。

Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.

But for electricity(=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.

He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.

考点/易错点4

半虚半不虚原则

在有些句子中，并非整个句子都用虚拟语气，而是前半句表虚拟，后半句表事实，或者前半句表事实，后半句表虚拟，这类句子我们称之为“半虚半不虚”的虚拟语句。

I would have attended the party yesterday,but I fell ill.

I would lose weight,but I eat a lot now.

You fell ill,or/otherwise you would have attended the party yesterday.

He eats a lot,or/otherwise he would lose weight now.

考点/易错点5

“情态动词should/ought to/could/may/might +have done”表示“过去本……而事实上未……”的虚拟语气，一般表示委婉的责备。

You are late again.You could have come earlier.

You have made a few mistakes.You might have been a little bit more careful.

You should have told me earlier that you weren’t able to come.

It’s so near.We needn’t have taken a taxi.

三、例题精析

【例题1】

【题干】(2014北京卷)We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A. are

B. were

C. will be

D. would be

【答案】D

【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会在宾馆里了。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D正确。

【例题2】

【题干】1._______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

（2012吉林高考预测）

A. Would

B. Should

C. Were

D. Will