SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)

2. 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 Eg. ★ You look the same. ★ The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
主谓一致的三原则
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近原则
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
语法一致原则
单主 复主 单谓 复谓
Eg. ★The number of errors was surprising. ★ We love our motherland.
主谓一致的13种情况
1. 两个作主语用的名词或代词由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数一致 Eg. ★ Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. (know) ★ Not only the students but (also) the teacher is active in sports and games. (be) 2. 主语是单数，而后面跟有as well as，with, together with, like, but, except等短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式 Eg. ★ She as well as the other students have learned how to type. × ★ Our school, with some few schools, was built in the 1950s. (build) ★ A professor, together with some students, were moved into a × new lab.
7. none作主语时谓语动词可用单数或复数 Eg. ★ None know/ knows a great deal about this experiment.（know） ★ None has/ have been found.（have） 8. 代词what, who, which, any, all, most, more等作主语时，谓语动词用 单数还是复数主要由它们所代替的意义决定 Eg. ★ What is wrong with you. ★ There are some books on the desk. What are the names of them? （be） ★ He who laughs the last laughs the best.（laugh） ★ All of the students have seen the film. ★ All that glitters is not gold.（be）
11. 有些名词只有复数形式可根据谓语单复数来辨别其主语所表示的 事物的实际单复数 Eg. ★ The steel works was built in the 1950s. ★ The steel works in the country produce more steel than those in that country. 12. “there be+并列主语”和“here be+并列主语”结构中的谓语形式一般 应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致 Eg. ★ There is a pen and two books on the desk.（be） (非正式英语中可用are) ★ There are some books and a pen on the desk.（be） ★ Here is a letter and a book for you.（be）
Subject-Verb Agreement
• The subject and verb must agree both in number and person. ★ What is a SUBJECT? ★ What is a PREDICATE?
SUBJECT
※ 主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是
就近原则
谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来 决定其自身的数的形式 Eg. ★ Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（want） ★ Either my wife or I am going to work there. (be)
9. people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数 Eg. ★ The people in the city are very friendly. （be） ★ The police are searching for the murderer.（be） ★ The cattle are grazing near the river.（be） 10. 用”every/ each/ no/ many a/ a great deal of+单数名词“作主语时 谓语动词用单数，而”a great many/ a great number of等+复数名词“ 作主语时谓语动词则用复数 Eg. ★ Every man and woman attends the meeting.（attend） ★ Many a student and teacher is watching the football match. （be watching） ★ A great deal of our time was spent on this test.（spend） ★ A great many people have moved into new houses.（have moved）
4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语: 5. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing.
6. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job needs a better knowledge. 7. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder.
PREDICATE
13. “the+形容词/ -ed分词“这一表示一类人的结构作主语时，谓语动词 用复数 Eg. The injured have been taken to hospital.（have，take） The young are required to respect the old.（require） 注：这种结构表示物时，谓语动词用单数 Eg. The good in him outweighs the bad.（outweigh）
Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
5. 两个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念谓语 动词用复数，如果表示同一概念谓语动词要用单数 Eg. ★ Lily and Lucy are twin sisters.（be） ★ The singer and dancer comes from Guangxi.（come） 6. each, either, neither或由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语 时谓语动词用单数 Eg. ★ Each of us has read the book.（have read） ★ Either of the stories is interesting.（be） ★ Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.（be）
意义一致原则
主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所 表达的内在含义 Eg. ★ The crowd were fighting for their lives. （be动词过去式）
★ Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. （seem）
！
When the subject and verb are reversed, they still must agree in both number and person.
Eg. Attached are copies of the contract.
Practice
※ 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、
“是什么” 或“怎么样”
※ 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 ※ 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成 简单谓语和复合谓语
＊不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都 是简单谓语 Eg. ★ I like walking. ★ I made your birthday cake last night. ★ It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ＊复合谓语 1. 情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语 Eg. ★ What does this word mean? ★ I won’t do it again.
has
was
3. 作主语的集体名词作为一个整体看待时谓语动词可用单数，若就其中 各个成员来考虑谓语动词则用复数 Eg. ★ The committee was made up of ten members. (由…组成） ★ My family enjoy sports and games.（enjoy） ★ My family have moved into the new house. × has 4. 表示数目、时间、金额的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词仍可用单数 Eg. ★ Two hours is enough for us to finish the experiment.（be） ★ Two dollars is too cheap for his pair of shoes.（be）
"什么人"或“什么事”
※ 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体
★ What can work as a SUBJECT? 名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等，动词不 定式或不定式短语，从句，某些固定词组的第二格
1. 名词做主语：Our school is not far from my house. 2. 代词做主语: 3. 数词做主语: We like our school very much. Two plus two is four. This is an article.