心理学Psycholog英文版PPT(13-情绪)
合集下载
心理学Psycholog英文版PPT记忆和情绪
Encoding
Retrieving
Encoding: Getting Information In
Effortful
Encoding Automatic
Encoding
▪ Automatic Processing ▪ unconscious encoding of incidental information ▪ space ▪ time
the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2
▪ Spacing Effect
▪ distributed practice yields better longterm retention than massed practice
Encoding
Time in
minutes 20 taken to
Alzheimer's disease
Memory
▪ Memory as Information Processing ▪ similar to a computer ▪ write to file (encoding) ▪ save to disk (storage) ▪ read from disk (retrieval)
Encoding
Encoding
▪ Imagery
▪ mental pictures ▪ a powerful aid to effortful processing,
especially when combined with semantic encoding
▪ Working Memory
▪ focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information
心理学Psycholog英文版(15人格)PPT课件
▪ in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious
▪ person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
▪ Oedipus Complex
▪ a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Personality Development
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 15
Personality
What is Personality?
▪ Personality
▪ an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
▪ basic perspectives
Personality Structure
▪ Ego
▪ the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality
▪ mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
▪ operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
▪ person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
▪ Oedipus Complex
▪ a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Personality Development
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 15
Personality
What is Personality?
▪ Personality
▪ an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
▪ basic perspectives
Personality Structure
▪ Ego
▪ the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality
▪ mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
▪ operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
心理学Psycholog英文版PPT(14-压力与健康)
Health Psychology
subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
中英文日报导航站
Stress and Illness
UCR (immune suppression) CR (immune 中英文日报导航站 suppression)
Stress and Disease
Negative emotions and health-related consequences
Heart disease
To shock control
To shock source
中英文日报导航站
No connection to shock source
Perceived Control
Equality and Longevity
中英文日报导航站
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 14
Stress and Health
中英文日报导航站
Stress and Health
Behavioral Medicine
interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease
Stress and Disease
Lymphocytes
two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system
心理学Psycholog英文版(18社会心理学)PPT课件
Participant rubs face
Confederate rubs face
Participant shakes foot
Confederate shakes foot
Social Influence
▪ Asch’s conformity experiments
Social Influence
Social Thinking
▪ Fundamental Attribution Error
▪ tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
▪ tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
▪ Role
▪ set of expectations about a social position
Internal attitudes
External influences
Behavior
Social Thinking
▪ Attitudes follow behavior
▪ Cooperative actions feed mutual liking
Social Thinking
▪ Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
▪ example- when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
心理学Psycholog英文版(01-对心理科学的批判性思考)ppt课件
Overconfidence
we tend to think we know more than we do
The Need for Psychological Science
Critical Thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
Description
Psychologists describe behavior using case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation
Description
Case Study
Psychologists study one or more individuals in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all
a statement of procedures (operations) used to define research variables Example intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures
Random Sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Description
False Consensus Effect
Correlation
心理学Psycholog英文版PPT(11-智力)
As the range of data under consideration narrows, its predictive power diminishes
Body weight in pounds
The Dynamics of Intelligence
Mental Retardation
People who can perceive the stimulus very quickly tend to score somewhat higher on intelligence tests
Stimulus
中英文日报导航站
Mask
Question: Long side on left or right?
中英文日报导航站
Origins of Intelligence Testing
Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
revised by Terman at Stanford University
中英文日报导航站
Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS
VERBAL
General Information Similarities Arithmetic Reasoning Vocabulary Comprehension Digit Span
PERFORMANCE
Picture Completion Picture Arrangement Block Design Object Assembly Digit-Symbol Substitution
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
14 12 Men Women
10
8 6 4 2 0 Sad Happy 中英文日报导航站 Film Type Scary
Expressed Emotion
Culturally universal expressions
中英文日报导航站
Cognitive label “I’m afraid”
Cognition and Emotion
The brain’s shortcut for emotions
中英文日报导航站
Two Routes to Emotion
中英文日报导航站
中英文日报导航站
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Pounding heart (arousal)
Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus)
Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger:
test all employees (including 999 innocents) 50 wrongly declared guilty 中英文日报导航站 1 of 51 testing positive are guilty (~2%)
Expressed Emotion
中英文日报导航站
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotionarousing stimuli
Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) Fear (emotion)
$20,000 $19,000 $18,000 100% $17,000 90% $16,000 $15,000 80% $14,000 70% $13,000 Personal income $12,000 60% $11,000 50% $10,000 Percentage very happy 40% $9,000 30% $8,000 $7,000 20% $6,000 10% $5,000 0% $4,000 中英文日报导航站 1980 1990 2000 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 Year
中英文日报导航站
EmotionLie Detectors
Polygraph
machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion
Assume 5% of 1000 employees actually guilty
test all employees 285 will be wrongly accused
What about 95% accuracy?
Assume 1 in 1000 employees actually guilty
中英文日报导航站
Emotion-Lie Detectors
Respiration
Perspiration
Heart rate
Control Relevant question question
(a)
Control question 中英文日报导航站
Two Dimensions of Emotion
Positive valence
pleasant relaxation Low arousal
sadness
joy
High arousal
fear anger
中英文日报导航站 valence
Negative
Emotion and Physiology
50
40 30 20 10 0 Innocent people Guilty people
Judged innocent by polygraph 中英文日报导航站 Judged guilty by polygraph
Emotion-Lie Detectors
Is 70% accuracy good?
People more speedily detect an angry face than a happy one (Ohman, 2001a)
中英文日报导航站
Expressed Emotion
Gender and expressiveness
16
Number of expressions
SALIVATION
SKIN RESPIRATION
Increases
Dries Decreases
HEART
DIGESTION ADRENAL GLANDS
Slows
Activates Decreases secretion of stress hormones
Secrete stress hormones
Experienced Emotion
The Amygdala-a neural key to fear learning
中英文日报导航站
Experienced Emotion
Catharsis
emotional release catharsis hypothesis
Control Question
Up to age 18, did you ever physically harm anyone?
Relevant Question
Did [the deceased] threaten to harm you in any way?
Relevant > Control --> Lie
中英文日报导航站
Theories of Emotion
Does your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your hetion Subjective Well-Being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life used along with measures of objective well-being
physical and economic indicators to evaluate people’s quality of life
中英文日报导航站
Experienced Emotion
Moods across the day
中英文日报导航站
physiological responses subjective experience of emotion
Fear (emotion)
中英文日报导航站
Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
Pounding heart (arousal)
中英文日报导航站
Arousal and Performance
Performance peaks at lower levels of arousal for difficult tasks, and at higher levels for easy or welllearned tasks
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 13
Emotion
中英文日报导航站
Emotion
Emotion
a response of the whole organism
physiological arousal expressive behaviors conscious experience
“releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood 中英文日报导航站
Experienced Emotion
The ingredients of emotion
中英文日报导航站
Experienced Emotion
Infants’ naturally occurring emotions
中英文日报导航站
Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal Sympathetic division (arousing) Pupils dilate Decreases Perspires Increases Accelerates Inhibits EYES Parasympathetic division (calming) Pupils contract
Percentage describing themselves as very happy
Experienced Emotion
Values and life satisfaction
0.6
Importance scores
0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 1.00
Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus)