动词不定式做主语-宾语-及双宾语结构
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动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理(1)
定义: 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构:“to +动词原形”,即“todo”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。否定形式为: not / never + to do
句法功能:
一、用作主语
\o\ac(○,1)多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
E.g.To learnEnglish wellisnot easy.= It’s not easyto learnEnglish
well.
1.I t is ourduty to try our best to deal with these problems.
2. The head teachersaidit was necessaryto talk with his mother.
错误!动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To see isto believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见)
【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。.
错误!疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How tolearn English wellis important.
补充:用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do It's our dutyto take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time+to do How longdidit take you tofinish thework?
③It+be+形容词+forsb+to do逻辑主语
Itis difficultfor us tofinish writing the composition a quarter ofan hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do“Itis stupidof you to writedowneverything”, thetea cher says.
注意:在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy, hard,important, impossible, nec essary等;在④中,常用careless, clever, good,foolish,honest,kind, lazy, nice, right, sil
ly, stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词,强调对人的评价。
在不定式前的sb.,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is+形容词+to do句式,
如:It's kind of you to help me with my English. =Youare kindto helpme with my English.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossibleto save money.
【练习】1. It’s very nice of them (send) me theflowers.
2.(become)a teacher is my dream.
3.It’svery importantto learn English well.(同义句转换)
English well very important.
4. It's ourduty_________the room everyday. A. to clean B. cleanedC. cleanD.cleans
5.It's hard for us_________ Englishwell. A. Learn B.learnsC. to learn D.learning
6.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will_________ the workers over ayear __________________the flyover.
7.It's very nice_________ you to getmetwo tickets _________ theWorl
d Cup.
A. for, of B.of, for C.to,for D. of, to
二、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有: 在want,like, agree,hope,wish, learn, beg
in,start, seem,decide,hate, choose,forget, remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。【练习1:在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳】
单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式
1 9
2 10
3 11
412
5 13
6 14
7 15
816
1. They want_______(save)time by using shorter wordsandphrases.
2. It’s timefor class.Please stop _______(talk).
3.I’dlike _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.
4.Wedecided_______ attheend of this month. A. travel B. not start outﻩC. toleave ﻩD.going
5.Theteacher toldus _______in bed. A.Don’t read B. readnot C. tonot read
D. not to read