句子成分和句子结构PPT课件
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.
谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成．
句子成分的特点和功能
句子
特点和功能
例句
成分
1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于
主
句首。
★ They are students. ★ The sun rises in the
语 2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不 east.
定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语
太阳在东方升起。
从句充当。
★ To see is to
语 的状态、品质、 ★ The boy in the classroom needs
数量等。
a pen of yours.
★ You may go now. ★ I like China.
★ We study English.
★ I play with him.
位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, ★ They are students.
表 grow, turn, seem等）之后,表示主语的性质、★ He is asleep. 他睡
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语 （predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、 状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
主语
语 状态和特征。
着了。
★ To see is to
句子成分的特点和功能
句子
特点和功能
例句
成分
修饰限定名词 ★The little boy needs a blue
定
或代词，说明来自百度文库该名词或代词
pen.(形容词) ★ Two boys need two pens. （数词） ★ His name is Tom.（物主代词）
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以 下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
句子成分与基本句型
英语入门基础
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !
句子包括哪些成分？
谓 1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般
语
放 在主语的后面
be★ElnigWeleviess.ht.u眼d见y 为实。
2. 常用动词或动词词组充当
★ He is asleep.
1. 是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物
宾
动词或介词之后
(动宾&介宾）
语 2. 常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不
定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当
They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.
表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成 分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不 定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.
The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.
谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成．
句子成分的特点和功能
句子
特点和功能
例句
成分
1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于
主
句首。
★ They are students. ★ The sun rises in the
语 2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不 east.
定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语
太阳在东方升起。
从句充当。
★ To see is to
语 的状态、品质、 ★ The boy in the classroom needs
数量等。
a pen of yours.
★ You may go now. ★ I like China.
★ We study English.
★ I play with him.
位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, ★ They are students.
表 grow, turn, seem等）之后,表示主语的性质、★ He is asleep. 他睡
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语 （predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、 状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
主语
语 状态和特征。
着了。
★ To see is to
句子成分的特点和功能
句子
特点和功能
例句
成分
修饰限定名词 ★The little boy needs a blue
定
或代词，说明来自百度文库该名词或代词
pen.(形容词) ★ Two boys need two pens. （数词） ★ His name is Tom.（物主代词）
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以 下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
句子成分与基本句型
英语入门基础
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !
句子包括哪些成分？
谓 1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般
语
放 在主语的后面
be★ElnigWeleviess.ht.u眼d见y 为实。
2. 常用动词或动词词组充当
★ He is asleep.
1. 是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物
宾
动词或介词之后
(动宾&介宾）
语 2. 常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不
定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当
They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.
表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成 分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不 定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.