非谓语动词考点讲解及练习

非谓语动词

一、什么是非谓语动词？

1. “非谓语非谓语”, 就是不能做谓语的动词

谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。

e.g. He works. He will go to Shanghai. You looked smart.

非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。

Climbing mountains is great fun. To visit China is my next goal.

非谓语动词包括：1）不定式to + v 2）动词v-ing 3）过去分词v-ed

2.非谓语使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, l eaving her handbag on her seat.

（一）．不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别

1. -ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性，习惯性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。

Learning a foreign language is very useful.

It is not very good for you to smoke so much．

2..---不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。常见句型有it is adj. (of/for sb.) to d o sth.

（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to d o

（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to d o. 3..-ing在“It is no use/ no good/useless + doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

4.. 主表对称原则Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.

（二）．不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别

1.-ing形式作宾语通常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作

I like swimming , but I don’t like to swim today.

2. 1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：

afford / agree/attempt/ choose / decide / demand / determine /desire/ expect / fail / hesitate / intend/hope / long / manage / offer / plan / prepare / pretend / promise / refuse / want / wish

2)有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：

admit / advise / allow / appreciate / avoid / consider /delay / deny / / dislike / enjoy / escape / excuse / forbid / imagine / keep / mind / miss / permit / practise / risk / stand，can’t help, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on，feel like等

3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式d oing 代替完成式having d one.

Remember to write to us when you get there. I d on’t remember meeting him.。

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）

（三）．作宾补时三者的区别

1.有些动词接不定式作宾补：（和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或全过程；表一次性动作）

tell/ order/ persuad e/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask + sb to do

He asked me to finish the work in time.

2感官动词feel \listen to \hear\ see\ watch\ observe\ notice的宾补用法。

do （和宾语有主谓关系强调动作已经完成,d o变被动以后前要加to.）

doing (强调动作正在进行，尚未完成；延续性动词)

done （表动作已经完成，或被动，多强调状态）

I heard her sing the song many times. I heard her singing the song when I passed her room. I have never heard the song sung in English.

3．使役动词make, let, get, have等的宾补用法。

①make/let/have＋宾语＋do；get＋宾语＋to d o表示“使/让/叫某人去做某事”。

The boss mad e the boy work twelve hours a day.

Mother got me to stay alone at home.

②have＋宾语＋doing sth表示“使/让……持续做某事”；get＋宾语＋doing sth表示“使/让……开始行动起来”。

Farmers had the machines working all the time.

Can you get my watch going again?

③have/get/make＋宾语＋d one表示“使……被做”。

He made his idea known to his parents.

have sth d one还可以表示“使遭受……”。

Tom had his leg broken while playing football.

4. 复合结构“介词with＋宾语＋宾补”

1)With winter _________(come)on，it's time to buy warm clothes.

2)He lay in bed with his head__________( cover)

3) I can't go out with all these dishes _______( wash).

4)With an exam _________(hol d)tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

（四）．作表语时三者的区别

1).不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

My job is to help the patient now.（说明主语具体内容）

2) -ing形式作表语：