应用化学专业英语翻译

合集下载

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译

应⽤化学专业英语第⼆版万有志主编版课后答案和课⽂翻译Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.C2. B3. D4. C5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty,and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and isalso an activity by which knowledge is generated.3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on asingle mundane planet.4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simplewhereas others are highly complex.5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistrythere is neither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects ofhuman life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1.(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2.It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and soforth/and otherwise.3.Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back toprerecorded times/predating recorded times.4.According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids canturn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5.You must know the properties of the material before you use it.IV. Translation化学是三种基础⾃然科学之⼀,另外两种是物理和⽣物。

本科研究生各专业名称英文翻译

本科研究生各专业名称英文翻译
园艺学 Horticulture
果树学 Pomology
蔬菜学 Olericulture
茶学 Tea Science
农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources
土壤学 Soil Science
植物营养学 Plant Nutrition
儿科学 Pediatrics
老年医学 Geriatrics
神经病学 Neurology
精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health
皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology
影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
森林培育学 Silviculture
森林保护学 Forest Protection
森林经理学 Forest Management
野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization
园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture
生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
生物物理学 Biophysics
生态学 Ecology
系统科学 Systems Science
系统理论 Systems Theory
系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration
中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine
方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine

新疆大学各个学院各个专业的英语翻译

新疆大学各个学院各个专业的英语翻译

新疆大学各个学院各个专业的英语翻译。

希望能够对大家有所帮助。

水平有限,希望大家在浏览的同时帮忙校正,不甚感激……化学化工学院College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering化学工程与工艺Chemical Engineering and Technics材料化学Materials Chemistry高分子材料Multimolecular Materials环境工程Environmental Engineering化学Chemical应用化学Applied Chemical过程装备与控制工程Processing Units and Control Engineering新闻与传播学院College of Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism广告学Advertising广播电视新闻学Radio and TV Journalism生命科学与技术学院College of Life Science and Technology生物工程Bioengineering生物技术Biotechnology生物科学Biological Science食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering数学与系统科学学院College of Mathematics and Systems Science数学与应用数学Mathematics and Applied Mathematics信息与计算科学Information and Computation Science资源与环境科学学院College of Resources and Environmental Science地理信息系统Geographic Information System资源环境与城乡规划管理Resources Environment and the Management of Urban and Rural Planning地理科学Geography生态学Ecology环境科学Environmental Science物理科学与技术学院College of Physical Science and Technology物理学Physics应用物理学Applied Physics信息科学与工程学院College of Information Science and Engineering电子信息科学与技术Sience and Technology of Electronic Information电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering通信工程Communication Engineering计算机科学与技术Computer Sience and Technology外国语学院College of Foreign Languages英语English俄语Russian日语Japanese人文学院College of Humanities文学Literature中国少数民族语言文学(维汉双语翻译)Chinese Minority Languages and Literatures (Uigur-Chinese Interpretation & Translation)中国少数民族语言文学(哈文学方向)Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature (Kazakhstan Literature)中国少数民族语言文学(维文学方向)Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature (Uigur Literature)中国少数民族语言文学(维现代文秘方向)Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature (Uigur Modern Secretary)中国少数民族语言文学(维吾尔语言)Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature(Uigur)汉语言文学(现代文秘方向)Chinese Linguistics & Literature (Modern Secretary)汉语言文学(文学方向)Chinese Linguistics & Literature (Literature)汉语言文学(影视文学方向)Chinese Linguistics & Literature (Television Literature)汉语言Chinese地质与勘察工程学院 College of Geosciences and Reconnaaissance Engineering资源勘察工程Resource Reconnaissance Engineering机械工程学院 College of Mechanical Engineering工业工程Industrial Engineering机械设计制造及其自动化 Mechanical Designing and Manufacturing Automation机械类Mechanical交通工程Traffic Engineering工业设计Industrial Designing电气工程学院College of Electrical Engineering电气工程及其自动化Electrical Engineering and Automation电子信息工程Electronic Information Engineering热能与动力工程Heat Energy and Dynamical Engineering自动化Automation建筑工程学院College of Civil Engineering and Architecture工程管理Engineering Management城市规划Urban Planning建筑学Architecture土木工程(交通土建)Civil Engineering(Civil Traffic)建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment Equipment Engineering土木工程(建筑工程方向)Civil Engineering(Architecture Engineering)艺术设计学院Colleage of Arts Design服装设计与工程(服装设计)Fashion Design and Engineering(Fashion Design) 艺术设计(装潢艺术设计)Arts Design (Decorative Painting Arts Design)艺术设计(电脑艺术设计)Arts Design (Computer Arts Design)软件学院College of Software计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology高等职业与技术学院College of Altitude V ocation and Technology汉语Chinese计算机网络技术Computer Network Technology旅游管理Tourism Management社区管理与服务Community Management and Services文秘Secretary英语English市场营销Marketing经济与管理学院College of Economic and Management工商管理Business Administration国际经济与贸易International economic and trade金融学Finance经济学Economics信息管理与信息系统Information Management and Information System市场营销Marketing法学院College of law法学Law Study政治与公共管理学院College of Politics and Public Management行政管理Administration公共管理Public Management社会工作Social Work社会学Sociology政治学Political Science旅游学院College of Tourism旅游管理Tourism Management。

应用化学专业英语翻译

应用化学专业英语翻译

10级应用化学(2)班郑禄春 B2010063224Lessen 24 Chemical ReactionsConservation of mass and energy(质量与能量守恒)Two conservation laws(定律) apply to all chemical reactions: Energy can neitherbe created nor destroyed, and matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Thus the atoms taking part in a chemical reaction may be rearranged, but all the atoms present in the reactants must also be present in the products, and the total mass of thereactants must equal the total mass of the products.化学反应质量守恒和能量守恒两个守恒定律(定律)适用于所有的化学反应:能量既不能创造也不能消灭,物质也不能创造也不能消灭。

因此原子参与化学反应可能重新安排,但所有的原子出现在反应物必须包含在产品,反应物的总质量必须等于生产物的总质量。

What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction occurs when substances (the reactants) collide (碰撞) with enough energy to rearrange to form different compounds (the products). The changein energy that occurs when a reaction take place is described by thermodynamics(热力学)and the rate or speed at which a reaction occurs is described by kinetics (动力学) . Reactions in which the reactants and products coexist are considered to be in equilibrium(处于平衡). A chemical equation consists of the chemical formula(化学式)of the reactants, and the chemical formula of the products. The two areseparated by an →usually read as “yields”and each chemical formula is separated from others by a plus sign (加号) . Sometimes a triangle is drawn over the arrowsymbol to denote energy must be added to the substances for the reaction to begin.Each chemical formula may be preceded by a scalar (数量的) coefficient indicatingthe proportion (比例) of that substance necessary to produce the reaction informula. For instance, the formula for the burning of methane(CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O) indicates that twice as much O2 as CH4 is needed, and when they react, twiceas much H2O a s CO2 w ill be produced. This is because during the reaction, each atom of carbon needs exactly two atoms of oxygen to combine with, to produce the CO2,and every two atoms of hydrogen need an atom of oxygen to combine with to producethe H2O. If the proportions of the reactants are not respected, when they are forced to react, either not all of the substance used will participate in the reaction,or the reaction that will take place will be different from the one noted in theequation..什么是化学反应一个化学反应发生在物质(反应物)碰撞有足够的能量去重新排列,形成不同的化合物(产品)。

合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译

合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译
16、自动化 Automation
计算机与信息学院 School of Computer and Information
17、计算机科学与技术 Computer Science & Technology
18、电子信息工程 Electronic Information Engineering
机械与汽车工程学院 School of Machinery and Automobile Engineering
3、车辆工程 Vehicles Engineering
4、工业工程 Industrial Engineering
5、工业设计 Industry Design
22、高分子材料与工程 Macromolecule Material and Engineering
23、化学工程与工艺 Chemical Engineering and Technics
24、制药工程 Pharmacy Engineering
25、应用化学 Applied Chemistry
55、英语 English
56、法学 Law
57、社会工作 Social Work
生物与食品工程学院 School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
58、生物工程 Bioengineering
仪器科学与光电工程学院 School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering
1、测控技术与仪器 Measurement & Control Technology and Instrument
2、光信息科学与技术 Optic Information Science & Technology

最新应用化学专业英语12单元翻译

最新应用化学专业英语12单元翻译

Perhaps the most function definition of analytical chemistry is that it is "the qualitative and quantitative characterization of matter "也许对分析化学最实用的定义是:对物质进行定性和定量的表征。

描述这个词被广泛的使用。

它可能意味着在回答诸如“在洗发香波中是否如标签所示有维生素E”“这是一个白色阿司匹林片?”或“这块金属是铁或镍”等问题时,对样本中的化合物或元素进行鉴定。

这种类型的表征,要告诉我们什么是目前被称为的定性分析。

定性分析是鉴定一个或多个化学物质存在于一个材料中。

描述也可能意味着测定有多少种化合物或元素存在于一个样品中,回答“水杨酸在这个阿司匹林片中含量多少”或“这块钢中含有多少镍”等这些问题。

一种物质在一个样品中含量多少的这种测定被称为定量分析。

定量分析是测定某种化学物质在某个样品中的确切数量。

化学物质可能是某些元素、化合物或离子。

该药物可能有机和无机两种。

特性描述可能涉及到全分析,如构成一块钢的元素,或者表面分析,像鉴定绝大多数暴露在空气和水中的金属表面形成的氧化层的成分和厚度。

一个材料的特性描述可能超越化学分析所包括结构材料的确定,某个材料的物理性质的测量,以及物理化学参数的测量例如反应动力学。

这些测量的实例有:聚合物的结晶度(与非晶态相比)?物质失去结晶水的温度?“A牌”抗酸剂中和胃酸所需的时间?农药在阳光下的降解速度?这些不同的应用使分析化学成为广泛的学科之一在所有的科学学科中。

分析化学对于我们了解生物化学是至关重要的。

药物化学、地球化学、环境科学、大气化学,材料学中的反应像聚合物、金属合金和陶瓷技术以及许多其他科学领域。

For many years ,analytical chemistry relied on chemical reactions to identify and determine the components present in a sample.多年来,分析化学依赖化学反应,以确定出现在一个样本中的组分。

院系专业名称英语翻译

院系专业名称英语翻译

院系专业名称英语翻译各学院(原系)中英文对照生物技术学院College of Biotechnology生命科学学院College of Life Science资源环境学院College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院College of Resources and Environment林学院College of Forestry经济贸易学院College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院College of Economics Management工程技术学院College of Polytechnics工程学院College of Engineering农业工程系Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院College of Sciences信息学院College of Information人文学院College of Humanities公管管理学院College of Public Management农学系Department of Agronomy园艺系Department of Horticulture蚕桑系Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院College of Art Design动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science兽医学院College of Veterinary Science食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food艺术学院College of Arts水利与土木工程学院College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士Agriculture工学士Engineering理学士Sciences哲学士Philosophy经济学士Economics管理学士Management文学士Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理Business Administration金融学Finance and Banking经济学Economics会计学Accounting农林经济管理Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作Social Work英语English生物技术Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程Civil Engineering交通运输Traffic and Transportation应用化学Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology植物保护Plant Protection土地资源管理Land Resources Management农业资源与环境Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理Land Resources Management农学Agronomy茶学Tea Science食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering园艺Horticulture木材科学与工程Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学Forestry园林Landscape Gardening动物科学Animal Science动物医学Veterinary Medicine蚕学Sericulture法学Law食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工Wood Processing经济林Economic Forest农业经济与管理Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济Trade Economics企业管理Industrial Management国际金融International Trade农业机械化Agricultural Mechanization机械设计Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程Mobile Application中国社会主义建设Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种Plant Genetics and Breeding果树Pomology动物营养与饲料加工Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧Animal Husbandry农业工程Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理Land Economics and Real Estate Management 精细化工Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机Financial Management and Computer经贸英语Business English公共关系与秘书Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院(原系)主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理Seed physiology组织培养技术Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学Botany酶工程Enzyme engineering植物显微技术Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学Cell biology农田杂草Farmland weed普通生态学General ecology药用植物资源利用Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学Animal biochemistry基因工程Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程Protein engineering分子生物学Molecular biology植物生物化学实验Plant biochemistry experiment遗传(基因)工程导论Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学Irradiational biology免疫学Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体(排放)Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术Electron microscope technique植物生理学Plant physiology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology核素应用技术The application of nuclide农业电子技术The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food Science普通微生物学General microbiology农业微生物学Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学Food microbiology环境微生物学Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学Biochemistry of food products食品添加济Additives of food products食物酶学Enzyme engineering of food食品分析Food analysis食品营养学Food nutriology食品工艺学Food technology果蔬加工学Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计The design of food factory乳品学Dairy science &technology蛋品学Egg science & technology肉品学Meat science & technology食品工程原理Principles of food engineering农产品加工学Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备Food machinery and equipment食品包装学Food packaging动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science动物生理学Animal physiology家畜行为学Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学Feed production饲料添加剂学Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学Culture of fresh-water fish动物学Zoology家禽学Poultry science珍禽学Science of rare birds家畜育种学Poultry breeding家禽孵化学Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学Cattle production家兔生产学Rabbit production猪生产学Swine production畜牧家畜育种学Animal breeding数量遗传学Quantitative genetics动物遗传学Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计Biological statistics养犬与养猫Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学Animal reproduction动物遗传育种Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学Diseases of poultry家畜病理学The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学General diseases of poultry中兽医学Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学Pathology of poultry兽医产科学Veterinary breeding家畜外科学Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库Relationship database计算机应用基础Fundamentals of computer application 计算机应用基础Computer applicationC语言程序设计Programming in C物理化学Physical chemistry有机化学Organic chemistry分析化学Analytical chemistry普通化学General chemistry化工仪表Chemical engineering and meter化学实验Experiment in general chemistry大学物理College physics应用电子技术The application of electronic technology概率论Probability theory线性代数Linear algebra高等数学Advanced mathematics必修课The required courses选修课Optional courses限选课Limited optional courses实践课Practical courses军训Military training专业劳动Work in specialty and for production教学实践Practice in the course生产实习Training for working毕业论文(设计)The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践The socialist practice in one’s life形势政策教育The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理The course on Marxist theories中国革命史The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设China’s socialist construction国际贸易International trade经济法学Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论An introduction to china’s socialist market economy政治经济学Political economics西方经济学Western economics行政管理学Administration management应用写作Practical writing思想教育Ideological education自然科学方法论The methodology of natural science逻辑学Logic农业文献检索Agricultural literature indexing专业英语Special English体育Physical training毛泽东思想概论An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学Pedagogy思想道德修养Thought & moral training教学法Teaching method应用写作Practical writing农业史Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学Macroeconomics微观经济学Microeconomics政治经济学Political economics发展经济学Development economics农业经济学Agricultural economics外国农业经济Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理Economy geography in China经济法学The law of economics国际商法International commercial law管理信息系统Management information system农业会计学Agricultural accounting消费经济学Consumption economics电算化会计原理Computer accounting成本会计Cost accounting统计学原理Principle of statistics商品流通统计Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计Financial statistics会计学原理Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计Business accounting in commodity circulation财务会计学Financial accounting审计学Auditing银行会计Bank accounting农业政策学Agricultural policy管理学原理Principle management企业学原理Business management房地产经营管理Administration and management of real estate银行经营管理Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理Business administration and management涉外企业管理Foreign business management资源经济学Resource economics农产品贸易学Agricultural products trade国际贸易International trade进出口贸易实务Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学Marketing国际市场营销学International marketing财政学Public finance国际金融International finance证券投资Investment on securities公共关系学Public relations货币银行学Economics of money and banking投资经济学Economics of investment国际结算International settlement银行信贷学Bank credit财政金融Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务Theory and practices of futures土地经济学Land economics乡镇企业经济管理The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学Economical estimate审计学audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学Manufacture of tea作物育种学(各论)Crop breeding作物育种学(总论)Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理Principles of seed science农业管理学Agricultural management农产品综合利用Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学Cultivation science经济作物学Industry crop science农业气象基础Agrometeorology遗传学Genetics茶树栽培学Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学Tea plant breeding粮食作物学Food crop science茶叶生物化学Biochemistry of tea农业推广学Agricultural popularization农业环境保护Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学Cocoon silk science养蚕学Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学Genetics蚕病学Silkworm pathology蚕桑学Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学Floriculture园艺商品学Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术Plant microtechnology园艺通论General horticulture园艺昆虫学Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学Vegetable culture盆景艺术Pruning采后生理Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论An outline of horticulture蔬菜学Olericulture果树学Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工Architectural electrotechnics电工学Electrotechnics工业电子学Industrial electronics材料力学Strength of materials建筑力学(结构力学部分)Mechanics of structure理论力学Theoretical mechanics机械设计Machinery design机械原理Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学Drawing geometry机械制图Engineering drawing工程制图Engineering drawing园林工程制图Landscape drawing建筑制图Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学l technology机械制造工艺学Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论Theory of automobile service汽车运输学Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造Construction of automobile汽车运用工程Automobile application engineering热工基础Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械Food packaging machinery农业机械学Agricultural machinery食品工程原理Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构Reinforce concrete建筑构造Structure of building建筑材料Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理Management of land urban construction城市规划原理Principle of urban planning资源经济学Resources economics经济地理Economic geography土地资源调查Land resources survey地图绘编Map establishment遥感技术基础Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统Land information system地籍管理Land management土地规划学Land planning science土地管理学Land management土地经济学Land economic房地产管理Management of real estate房地产估价Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价Environmental quality assessment环境化学Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治Soil pollution环境保护概论Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学Soil physics土壤学Pedology环境土壤学Environmental pedology土壤化学Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础Basis of geology土壤地理学Soil geography区域土壤学Regional pedology土壤资源调查Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学Quarantine for pests植物病毒学Plant virology果树病理学Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学Plant immunology普通昆虫学General entomology真菌资源及利用Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治Biological control杀菌剂毒理学Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治Integrated pest management生物统计学Biometrics城市昆虫学Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学Plant bacteriology植物病理学Plant pathology真菌分类学Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学Plant nematology农业植物病理学Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学Edible fung林学院College of Forestry数理统计Mathematical statistics遗传学Genetics树木育种学Forest tree breeding树木育苗学Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学Science of nature reserve造林学Silviculture林业技术经济学Forestry technology economics森林经营学Forest management林业经济管理学Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学Forest pathology测树学Forest measuration测量学Surveying森林生态学Forest ecology森林土壤学Forest soil science森林经理学Forest management森林昆虫学Forest entomology树木学Dendrology机械设计基础Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料Adhesive and paint木材学Wood science木材干燥Timber drying木制品生产工艺学Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械Wood machinery土壤学Soil science经济林育种学Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学Economic forest entomology经济林病理学Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学Economic forest culture园林设计Parks and gardens design造型艺术Plastic art城市绿地规划City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学Garden tree cultivation园林树木学Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理Economic management of urban landscape gardening 风景园林设计初步Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学Ornamental plant entomology园林史History of landscape architecture园林工程Landscape architectural engineering土壤学Soil science城市生态学Urban ecology森林保护学Forest protection。

应用化学专业英语(课后答案和课文翻译)

应用化学专业英语(课后答案和课文翻译)

Unit 1 The Roots‎of Chemi‎s tryI. Compr‎e hens‎i on.1.It can be infer‎red from this artic‎l e which‎one of the follo‎wi ng items‎i s not mainl‎y based‎on pract‎i c al use C. Greek‎chemi‎s try2. It was B. Emped‎o cles‎s who first‎i ntro‎d uced‎the idea that all thing‎s are not forme‎d from just one eleme‎n t.3. In the devel‎o pmen‎t of Greek‎chemi‎s t ry, D. Democ‎ri tus‎ was the first‎ one defin‎i ting‎the ultim‎ately‎const‎i tuen‎t s of matte‎r?4. Accor‎d i ng to Plato‎, there‎are B. 4 ―eleme‎n ts‖ whose‎faces‎are const‎i tute‎d by regul‎a r polyg‎ons.5. In the last parag‎raph,autho‎rs think‎that exper‎i ment‎ DD.can deal with the react‎i ons by which‎one subst‎a n ce is conve‎rted into anoth‎e rII. Make a sente‎n ce out of each item by rearr‎a ngin‎g the words‎in brack‎e ts.1.The purif‎i cati‎o n of an organ‎i c compo‎u nd is usual‎l y a matte‎r of consi‎d erab‎l e diffi‎c ulty‎, and itis neces‎s ary to emplo‎y vario‎u s metho‎d s for this purpo‎s e.2.Scien‎c e is an ever-incre‎a sing‎body of accum‎u late‎d and syste‎m atiz‎e d knowl‎e dge and is also anactiv‎i ty by which‎knowl‎e dge is gener‎a ted.3.Life, after‎all, is only chemi‎s try, in fact, a small‎examp‎l e of chemi‎s try obser‎v ed on a si ngl‎emunda‎n e plane‎t.4.Peopl‎e are made of molec‎ul es; some of the molec‎ul es in peopl‎e are rathe‎r simpl‎e where‎a sother‎s are highl‎y compl‎e x.5.Chemi‎st ry is ever prese‎n t in our lives‎from birth‎to death‎becau‎se witho‎u t chemi‎s t ry there‎i sneith‎e r life nor death‎.6.Mathe‎m atic‎s appea‎rs to be almos‎t as human‎ki nd and also perme‎a tes all aspec‎t s of human‎life,altho‎u gh many of us are not fully‎aware‎of this.III. Trans‎l atio‎n.1.(a)化学过程;(b)自然科学;(c)蒸馏技术(a) chemi‎c al proce‎s s (b) natur‎a l scien‎ce (c) the techn‎i que of disti‎l lati‎o n2.正是原子构‎成铁、水、氧等。

应用化学专业英语翻译Research and Development

应用化学专业英语翻译Research and Development

Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. Let us first understand, or at least get a feel for, what the terms mean. Although the distinction between research and development is not always clear-cut, and there is often considerable overlap, we will attempt to separate them. In simple terms research can be thought of as the activity which produces new ideas and knowledge whereas development is putting those ideas into practice as new process and products. To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of a new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part.研究和开发,或通常所称R&D是制造业各个部门都要进行的一项活动。

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)If the mass of a 12C atom is exactly 12 amu,then the mass of a 1H atom to five significant figures must be 1.0078 amu. 12 amu x 0.083986 = 1.0078 amu(2)First we calculate k and then use the first-order rate equation.[][]()()404340.6931.2110/5730log2.3031.000 1.2110/log0.477 2.3032.303log 2.09 6.11061001.2110/k yryrA ktA yrt t yr yr---==⨯=⨯===⨯=⨯The bone was tossed away (more precisely, the animal whose bone was died) about 6100 years ago, or about 4100 B.C. We can thus be sure that a village was in existence at that place at that time.Unit 7 The Nomenclature of Inorganic SubstancesI. Comprehension1.A2.B3.C4.C5.BII. Give the systematic name for the followingammonium ion ; copper(II) ion ; strontium ion; Ccopper(I) ion; iron(II) ion; zinc ion; hydrogen ion; lead((II) ion; aluminum;silver ion; magnesium ion; chromium(III) ion; Barium ; Manganese(II) ion; iron(III) ion; calcium ion; mercury(II) ion; chromium(II) ion; tin(II) ion.carbon monoxide; ditrogen trioxide; carbon dioxide; diphosphorus pentoxide; sulfur trioxide; dichlorine heptoxidearsenate ion; sulfite ion; hydride ion; arsenite ion; bromide ion; hydroxide ion; phosphate ion; chlorate ion; hypochlorite ion; phosphate ion; chloride ion; iodate ion; carbonate ion; chlorite ion; nitrate ion;chromate ion; cyanide ion; iodide ion;dichromate ion; fluoride ion; nitrate ion;oxide ion; hydrogen carbonate ion; nitrite ion;sulfide ion; hydrogen sulfate ion; perchlorate ion;sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfite ion; permanganate ion.III. Complete the table.Formula Old name SystematicnameFeO iron (II) oxide Fe2O3iron (III) oxide Sn(OH)2tin(II)hydroxideSn(OH)4tin(IV)hydroxideHg2SO4mercury (I)sulfateHgSO4mercury (II)sulfate NaCLO sodiumhypochloriteK2Cr2O7potassiumdichromateCu3(AsO4)2copper(II)arsenateCr(C 2H 3O 2)3 chromium(IV) acetateIV . Acid names may be obtained directly from its acid ion by changing the name of the acid ion (negative ion). Use the rule to give the name of the following acid. Formula of acid Old name Name of acid H 2CO 3 carbonic acid HClO 2 chlorous acid HClO 4 perchloric acid HCN hydrocyanic acid HBr hydrobromic acid H 4SiO 4 silicic acid H 3AsO 4 arsenic acid V . Complete the sentences with the proper form of the word given at the end of the sentence.1.is altered;2.To illustrate3.indicates4.should expect5.would cancel6. are pulled7.depend on8.are; referred9.formed 10.have discussed VI. Translation1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/eliminated.2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas.4. The experiment was successful. It ’s results was the same as what we had expected.5. It will not be long before we finish the experiment.VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products. (Partially Solved)Solutin to (a): Cyanide is the conjugate base of HCN. It can accept a proton from formic acid:COHHO +CN C OH OC NH +formic acid stronger acid cyanidestronger base formate weaker baseweaker acidReading from inorganic textbook, formic acid (p K a =3.76) is a stronger acid than HCN (p K a =9.22), and cyanide is a stronger base than formate. The products (weaker acid and base) are favored. …………..VIII. Write equations for the net reactions which occur when the following materials are added to a sodium-ammonia solution.Answer: (1) 2CH3GeH3 + 2e am-→ H2 + 2CH3GeH2-(2) I2 + 2e am-→ 2I-(3) (C2H5)2S + 2e am- + NH3 → C2H5S- + C2H6 + NH2-Unit 10 Nomenclature of HydrocarbonsI. Comprehension1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B6.BII. Name the following compounds by the IUPAC system1 CH3(CH2)nCH3 (n=2, 3, 4, 6, respectively) butane, pentane, hexane,octane2 (CH3)2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH32-methylpentane3 (CH3)3C-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH34-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane5-isopropyl-2-methyloctane4 (CH3)2CH-CH2CH2-CH(CH2CH2CH3)-CH(CH3)24-isopropyl-4-propylheptane 5 CH3-CH2-CH2-C(CH2CH2CH3)2-CH(CH3)26 ◇-CH2-CH(CH3)2isobutylcyclobutane7 CH2=C(C2H5)(CH(CH3)2) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene8 CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CHCl-CH32-chloro-3-hexene9 CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(C2H5)-C≡C-CH34-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexyneCH2=CH-C≡CH 1-buten-3-yne11(CH3)2CH-CH2CH(OH)CH34-methyl-2-pentanol12CH3CH2CH=CHCH(OH)CH33-hexen-2-ol13(CH3)3C-OH 2-methyl-2-propanol14(CH3)3C-OCH2H52-ethoxy-2-methylpropane15(CH3)2CH-CH2-O-C2H51-ethoxy-2-methylpropane16(CH2OH)21,2-ethanediol17CH3-CH(OH)-CH2(OH) 1,2-proanediol18CH2(OH)-CH(OH)-CH2(OH) 1,2,3-propanetriol19CH3CH2NH2aminoethane2 0 CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH-NH-CH3N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentaneIII. Draw structures for the following compounds.1 3-octene C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C2 3-methy-2-heptene3 cyclohexene4 2-pentyne C-C≡C-C-C5 3,3-dimethylhexyne6 3-bromotolueneCH3Br7 vinyl chloride C=C-Cl8 acetylene C≡C9 para-dichlorobenzeneCl Cl10 m-chlorobromobenzeneBrCl11 toluene CH312 chlorobenzene Cl13 1,2-dibromobenzeneBrBr14 naphthalene15 anthracene16 phenanthrene17 2-methyl-1-propanol C CC OHC18 Cyclohexanol OH19 Methoxyethene C C O C20 trans-2-ethoxycyclohexanol OHOC2H5IV. Decide which item best completes each unfinished sentence.1.A2.A3.B4.CV. Each of the following names is incorrect. Draw the structure represented by the incorrect name (or a consistent structure if the name is ambiguous), and give your drawing the correct name.(…………)Unit 11 Carboxylic Acids and Their DerivativesI. Comprehension1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6.CII. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.1.brought out2.dozen or so; put together3.are made of ;divided by4.are different from5.on the contrary; consist of6.summed up7.stand for8.such as9.are; dependent on 10.break down intoIII. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks.1.with; as2.to3.about4.from5.intoIV. Translation1. Similarly, solvent also may not be liquid matter but the others2. A graph plotting solubility against temperature is called a solubility curve. ( The curve plot drawn (made / produced) by solubility as one coordinate and temperature as another coordinate is called solubility curve.)3. Air is mixture of gases , the most abundant of which is nitrogen in the form of N2 (molecules).4. The direction of the reaction and the position of the equilibrium may also be affected by the temperature, pressure, and other conditions.5. Hydrogen has a great affinity for oxygen and easily combines with it to form water.V. Translation玻意尔(Bohr)模型提出不久后,人们就发现原子中的电子比Bohr提出的模型要复杂得多。

应用化学专业英语-翻译

应用化学专业英语-翻译

Unit 1 Scientific Paper and LiteratureLesson 1Writing a Scientific Paper这一章节是写科学论文一个总的指导。

包括对于文章长度要求,数字和图标的制备,还有向不同杂志和出版商提交论文的说明指导方针。

对于美国化学学会杂志和特殊的出版物,请阅读出现在每年第一期和全球网上对于作者的指南,注释,公告和说明。

对于美国化学学会的书目,请查阅一些像《如何为ACS准备你的底稿》,《作者须知》这样的小册子,这些资料可以从书籍部或者在相同地址的全球网页上得到。

Introduction to Science Paper一篇研究论文是学术交流的书面形式,它可以用来传播有用的信息并且可以和别人分享有用的学术见解。

大多数的研究论文是用于杂志出版或者作为个人领域的会议记录。

出版史作为传播见解和专业认知与提高最快捷的方法。

如果你对学术文章的特点和形式有着清晰的认识,那么你的论文可以更容易的在目标杂志上发表或者被国际会议所采纳。

Features of Academic Papers 学术论文的特色学术论文的第一个特色就是内容。

它只不过是你做的部分研究客观并且准确的记录,要么是关于人文、社会、科学、自然科学或者应用科学。

它不能用来教授或者提供一般背景。

论文的第二个特征就是这一目的的写作方式。

你的论文必须包含三种要素:严格的逻辑结构,清晰和简洁的语言,还有就是你论文要提交的杂志所规定的特定写作形式。

第三,实际上是第二条的一部分,就是文章所用资源的引证系统。

在文章过程的每一步里,你必须对你从资源查阅到的想法、事实、观点进行充分考虑。

学术论文中的特征中最方便的地方之一是学术论文被清晰的分成几个部分。

这一点对你很有帮助,因为你每次只需考虑一个部分。

当你撰写其中一个部分时你总能总揽全文。

尽管人文科学和社会科学没有明显的界限,但是他们遵循科学论文的一般要求。

Getting Started尽管学术论文不想食谱配方或者实验流程一样有一套固定的写作规矩,但是一些指导方针也是很有帮助的。

合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译

合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译

合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译仪器科学与光电工程学院 School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering1、测控技术与仪器 Measurement & Control Technology and Instrument2、光信息科学与技术 Optic Information Science & Technology机械与汽车工程学院 School of Machinery and Automobile Engineering3、车辆工程 Vehicles Engineering4、工业工程 Industrial Engineering5、工业设计 Industry Design6、过程装备与控制工程 Process Equipment & Control Engineering7、机械设计制造及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacture & Its Automation8、交通工程 Transportation Engineering9、热能与动力工程 Thermal Energy & Power Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Material Science and Engineering10、金属材料工程 Metal Materials Engineering11、材料物理 Materials Physics12、无机非金属材料工程 Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Engineering13、材料成型及控制工程 Material Forming & Control Engineering电气与自动化工程学院 School of Electric Engineering and Automation14、电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and Automation15、生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering16、自动化 Automation计算机与信息学院 School of Computer and Information17、计算机科学与技术 Computer Science & Technology18、电子信息工程 Electronic Information Engineering19、电子信息科学与技术 Electronic Information Science & Technology20、通信工程 Communications Engineering21、信息安全Information Security化学工程学院 School of Chemical Engineering22、高分子材料与工程 Macromolecule Material and Engineering23、化学工程与工艺 Chemical Engineering and Technics24、制药工程 Pharmacy Engineering25、应用化学 Applied Chemistry土木建筑工程学院 School of Civil Engineering26、给排水工程 Water Supply & Drainage Engineering27、工程力学 Engineering Mechanics28、水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering29、土木工程 Civil Engineering30、建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment & Equipment Engineering建筑与艺术学院 School of Architecture and Arts31、城市规划 Urban Planning32、建筑学 Architecture33、艺术设计 Artistic Design资源与环境学院 School of Resources and Environment34、地理信息系统 Geographic Information System35、环境工程 Environment Engineering36、勘查技术与工程 Exploration Technology & Engineering37、资源勘查工程 Resources Exploration Engineering理学院 School of Sciences38、电子科学与技术 Electronic Science & Technology39、数学与应用数学 Applied Mathematics40、微电子学 Microelectronics41、信息与计算科学 Science of Information & Computation42、应用物理学 Applied Physics管理学院 School of Management43、电子商务 Electronic Commerce44、会计学 Accounting45、工商管理 Business Management46、劳动与社会保障 Labour and Social Security47、信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & System48、旅游管理 Tourism Management49、市场营销 Marketing人文经济学院 School of Humanities and Economics50、财政学 Finance51、广告学 Advertisement52、国际经济与贸易 International Economy & Trade53、经济学 Economics54、思想政治教育 Education in Ideology and Politics55、英语 English56、法学 Law57、社会工作 Social Work生物与食品工程学院 School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering58、生物工程 Bioengineering59、生物技术 Biotechnology60、食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering。

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

1 Unit5元素周期表As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽,我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。

有超过100多中元素要处理,我们怎么能记的住所有的信息?有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。

这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。

它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数,它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。

它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。

最神奇的是,周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。

Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型(原子是是一个不可分割的粒子,其质量决定了它的身份)不久,化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。

在制定像这些元素表时候,他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。

例如,人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。

在当时知道的大约60种元素中,第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质,第三个和第十个,第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。

In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家,发表了他的元素周期表。

Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。

这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似.Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。

大学专业英文翻译

大学专业英文翻译

建筑系:Architecture土木工程:Civil Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High V oltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计)Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等)The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学)Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, InfectiousDiseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学)Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine仪器科学与光电工程学院 School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering1、测控技术与仪器 Measurement & Control Technology and Instrument2、光信息科学与技术 Optic Information Science & Technology机械与汽车工程学院 School of Machinery and Automobile Engineering3、车辆工程 Vehicles Engineering4、工业工程 Industrial Engineering5、工业设计 Industry Design6、过程装备与控制工程 Process Equipment & Control Engineering7、机械设计制造及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacture & Its Automation8、交通工程 Transportation Engineering9、热能与动力工程 Thermal Energy & Power Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Material Science and Engineering10、金属材料工程 Metal Materials Engineering11、材料物理 Materials Physics12、无机非金属材料工程 Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Engineering13、材料成型及控制工程 Material Forming & Control Engineering电气与自动化工程学院 School of Electric Engineering and Automation14、电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and Automation15、生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering16、自动化 Automation计算机与信息学院 School of Computer and Information17、计算机科学与技术 Computer Science & Technology18、电子信息工程 Electronic Information Engineering19、电子信息科学与技术 Electronic Information Science & Technology20、通信工程 Communications Engineering21、信息安全Information Security化学工程学院 School of Chemical Engineering22、高分子材料与工程 Macromolecule Material and Engineering23、化学工程与工艺 Chemical Engineering and Technics24、制药工程 Pharmacy Engineering25、应用化学 Applied Chemistry土木建筑工程学院 School of Civil Engineering26、给排水工程 Water Supply & Drainage Engineering27、工程力学 Engineering Mechanics28、水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering29、土木工程 Civil Engineering30、建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment & Equipment Engineering 建筑与艺术学院 School of Architecture and Arts31、城市规划 Urban Planning32、建筑学 Architecture33、艺术设计 Artistic Design资源与环境学院 School of Resources and Environment34、地理信息系统 Geographic Information System35、环境工程 Environment Engineering36、勘查技术与工程 Exploration Technology & Engineering37、资源勘查工程 Resources Exploration Engineering理学院 School of Sciences38、电子科学与技术 Electronic Science & Technology39、数学与应用数学 Applied Mathematics40、微电子学 Microelectronics41、信息与计算科学 Science of Information & Computation42、应用物理学 Applied Physics管理学院 School of Management43、电子商务 Electronic Commerce44、会计学 Accounting45、工商管理 Business Management46、劳动与社会保障 Labour and Social Security47、信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & System48、旅游管理 Tourism Management49、市场营销 Marketing人文经济学院 School of Humanities and Economics50、财政学 Finance51、广告学 Advertisement52、国际经济与贸易 International Economy & Trade53、经济学 Economics54、思想政治教育 Education in Ideology and Politics55、英语 English56、法学 Law57、社会工作 Social Work生物与食品工程学院 School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering58、生物工程 Bioengineering59、生物技术 Biotechnology60、食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Unit1 The Roots ofChemistry 化学的起源1.Chemistry can be broadly defines as the science of molecules and their transf ormations.化学可以被广泛的定义为分子的科学和它们之间的转换。

和数学不同,化学在人类之前。

我们的星球(地球)上的生命和人类的外观很可能是化学进程的具体结果。

化学过程从历史的开端一直到现在都出现在人们的生活中。

最初,这些过程不在我们的掌控之中,例如,果汁的发酵,肉和鱼的腐烂,木头的燃烧。

后来我们学着去控制化学进程使用它来生产不同的产品,比如食物,金属,陶瓷和皮革。

在化学的发展上,主要区分为四个阶段:史前化学,希腊化学,炼金术,科学化学。

2.The early beginnings of chemistry were clearly motivated by practical needs of people .早期的化学显然是出于实际的需要。

火的发现为远古人提供了第一个机会去实现控制化学反应过程。

他们学会制备铜制物品,铜和其它材料是现成的。

.由于化学过程的使用早于人们的书写,因而没有书面记录有关它们的化学技巧。

可以判断他们的化学能力只有从考古的发现的各个手工艺品。

正如早期的数学发展,清楚的预示着实际需求影响着化学的发展。

但化学和数学在这个阶段可能没有互相影响。

如果它们影响了,但是没有记录证明这个。

3. Greek chemistry was based mainly on speculation rather than on experiment . 希腊化学主要基于猜测而不是实验。

这是所有古代希腊化学的一个共同特征。

古代希腊化学家实际是希腊哲学家。

所以不足为奇的是希腊人思考比实验更有兴趣。

实际上他们很少进行实验以外的思维实验。

对于数学来说这是一个好方法,但没有一个人把它推荐在物理、化学或生物科学上。

然而,由于希腊人思考了很多关于物质的性质和结构,他们可以被认为是第一个化学理论的创造者。

4.The Greek introduced the concept of the element and proposed in all four elem ents .希腊人引入了元素的概念和假设了所有的四种元素。

米利都的泰利斯(公元前625 - 547 )认为所有的东西都有一种物质构成,被称为水。

阿那克西米尼,同样来自米利都,接受了这种元素的概念,但他相信单个元素都是由空气组成。

以弗所的赫拉克利特,他认为宇宙的基本特征是持续变化的,认为火元素是永远在变化的元素。

恩培多克勒来自希腊城费拉里斯在西西里,放弃了单个元素的概念,介绍了四种元素的原则:水、空气、火和土,相互之间的吸引和排斥在它们之间起作用。

恩培多克勒还以他的实验证明出空气是一中物质而出名。

5.The term "element" was first used by Plato (428--347 BC ) who assumed that the particles of each element have a specific shape ,even thought such particle a re too small to be seen .元素这个术语是由柏拉图首次使用,他假设每个元素的粒子有一个特定的形状,甚至认为这种粒子是小得看不见。

因而,火的最小粒子的形状为正四面体;空气是正八面体;水是正十二面体,土是立方体(或者正六面体)。

正四面体、正八面体、正十二面体、立方体是规则多面体的例子,所有的就这五个;第五个是正十二面体。

正多面体的各个面之间都是相等的。

6.Fire was thought to be the smallest ,most pointed and lightest among the elem ents because it can easily attack and destroy .在这些元素中火被认为是最小、最尖锐和最轻的元素,因为它可以很容易地攻击和摧毁。

这似乎是自然的选择常规四面体(其中包括四个正三角形)被视为火焰形状的,因为它在正多面体中是最小的、最尖锐的。

水是最大的、最光滑和最重的,因为它总在地球的峡谷流淌。

因此,看来正十二面体,由20个正三角形组成,作为它的形状是自然的选择。

空气介于火和水之间,所以发现自然分配正八面(由八个正三角形组成)体给空气。

正八面体具有相同的面,三角形。

正三角形,对于正四面体和正八面体。

它的面的数量介于这两个的面的数量之间。

从四面体的实事来看,八面体最终可以被分解成正三角形,也可以重新组成其它多面体,柏拉图得出结论,火、空气和水也可以相互转化,即当进入空气中水可以空气的火,而当空气失去了火,在高层大气中它变成水雨或雪的形式。

最后一个元素是土,它是重的和稳定的 ,它被认为是一个立方体的形状,由六个正方形组成。

由于它不能减少立方体变成正三角形,但是只能变成正方形,柏拉图得出结论,土不能转换成火、空气和水。

这是柏拉图的对话蒂迈欧篇中提到的。

在十二面体中,因为在所有的正多面体,它的体积最接近它所对应的球的体积,柏拉图看它是雨中的外形。

蒂迈欧篇中还包含讨论有机和无机的部分,它(蒂迈欧篇)被认为是一本最早的化学论述。

在这一点上它应该也许强调,柏拉图教导说,这个想法、形式,是真正的基本模式在现象之后,即是说,想法比目标更基础。

7.Plato's description of the shapes of the four elements was perhaps the first mathematical model used in chemistry ,since regular polyhedra are mathematical objects .柏拉图描述的四种元素的形状,可能是第一次数学模型用于化学,自从正多面体是数学对象。

这个规律存在于顶点V,边E和面F之间的数量之间,它被欧拉(1707-1783)发现,因此被称为欧拉定理。

8.这个陈述是:V+F-E=2 .9Which is considered by some to be the second most beautiful mathematical theor em ?哪个是被一些人认为是第二个最美丽的数学定理呢?有趣的是猜测为什么希腊人没有发现的欧拉定理。

也许最简单的解释是希腊数学距离拓扑学有二千年。

拓扑学是用来解决连接方式的对象数学的一部分,它不考虑“比值”和度量。

10.A generalization of the above ideas on elements was put forward by Aristotle (384--322 BC) .元素的概念一般的看法是由亚里斯多德(公元前384—322 )提出的。

他接受四大元素的概念,但是引入了元素的转换。

亚里斯多德认为元素可以由一对相反的基本特征的物质制成。

这些特征是热、冷、湿和干。

热和湿结合产生空气。

湿和冷产生水,类似的,冷和干燥产生土。

亚里斯多德增加了第五种元素或精华,以太。

天空和天体可能组成了这第五种元素。

亚里斯多德元素定义为简单的物体,其它的物体能被分解成元素,而元素本身不能被分解成更简单的物体。

他将几个化学过程分类,(他)第一次提到汞,对蒸馏技术非常熟悉。

亚里士多德的思想主宰科学界近二千年。

11. There was another theory on the structure of matter put forward by Greek th inkers .古希腊思想家提出了物质结构的另一种理论。

这是涉及到不可分解的物质。

第一个思考这个问题的古希腊哲学家是来自米利都的留基伯 ( 约公元前470—420)。

他提出了物质不能被无穷尽地分解的主张,因为在物质的分解过程中,迟早会有一块不能分解成更小的部分。

他的学生德谟克利特(约公元前460-370),来自阿夫季拉,继续发展留基伯的主张。

他把这个最终最小块的物质命名为原子,意思是不可分割的,这就是我们的术语原子的由来。

原子的概念是原子结构的理论问题和唯物主义哲学观的基础。

大多数古希腊哲学家,尤其是亚里斯多德,没有接受留基伯和德谟克利特的原子学说。

原子论,然而,没有消逝,因为伊比鸠鲁(约公元前342-270)将原子论作为他哲学的一部分,伊比鸠鲁学说赢得了许多追随者在接下来的几个世纪。

其中一个是罗马诗人和哲学家卢克莱修(约公元前96-55),写了一遍很好的阐述德谟克利特和伊壁鸠鲁的原子论学说说理诗名为De Rerum Natura(物性论)。

大多数的德谟克利特与伊壁鸠鲁的作品丢失了,但卢克莱修的诗歌都完好无损,并转达了古希腊人的原子学说到现代。

原子的分裂和原子弹的出现已经证实了一个优秀的现实原子理论的模型是什么。

12.The philosophy of idealism and the philosophy of materialism were opposed th roughout history .纵观历史唯心主义的哲学和唯物主义哲学是对立的。

从化学的角度,唯物主义哲学提供了化合物结构理解的基础。

然而,化合物共有的性质,像他们的气味或颜色味道能依据柏拉图的观点被解释,它尤其适合研究化学结构的数学特性。

如果我们将唯物主义哲学与化学结构的实验工作联系在一起。

如果我们将唯心主义和理论工作联系在一起,很明显,所有哲学以及所有实验和理论两方面都需要化学为前提。

这当然也适用于其他科学。

13.Alchemy is a type of chemistry that existed from about 300 BC until the seco nd half of the seventeenth century .炼金术是一种类型化学存在于从约公元前300年到17世纪下半叶。

这就构成了一个对于我们的目的不那么有趣的时期,因为炼金术士是现实不在乎理论和数学的人。

炼金术士们有两个主要的目标:(1)把基本金属变为黄金以及(2)发现长生不老药。

炼金术的起源可以追溯到古埃及人。

有很多巫术涉及到炼金师的工作,他们的符号无法辨认。

然而,各种炼金术士所用的编码系统是真的密码,因此拥有数学基础。

14.It is important to stress that chemistry as a science started only in the se cond half of the seventeenth century when alchemy gradually transformed itself into the science now known as chemistry following the appearance of the book Th e Sceptical Chymist (London ,1661 )by Boyle (1627--1691) .化学是在17世纪后半叶才开始被成为一门科学的,强调这一点很重要。

相关文档
最新文档