Unit 13ll-修辞格的翻译

合集下载

第13章英汉修辞与翻译分析解析

2.1.2 汉语的比喻义及英语的转义
• Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant (本义：有浮力的) health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.（Helen Keller – Three Days to See）
2. 1.4.2 丰腴美
• 1. Gold shares jumped at the Stock Exchange yesterday. • 2. John bent before the storm of his father’s anger. • 3. You cannot offer me a loose translation like that.
2.1.4.4 委婉美
• 转义词常含“弦外之音” （implication）。这不是直言，而是 “曲言”，这不是“开门见山”，而是 “旁敲侧击”。从语用学看，这是磨去语锋，令表达得体礼貌。
• 1.汤姆毫无音乐鉴赏力。 • 2.马琳的身世有不愿他人提及之处。 • 3.他不善辞令。
• 1. All music is alike to Tom. • 2. Marline has a history. • 3. He does not shine in conversation.

英语中所有修辞手法的解释和例句

英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.6.Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）7.Hyperbole 夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如:1>.I beg a thousand pardons.2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）11.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如:1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.12.Pun 双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.例如:1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.13.Parody 仿拟这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.例如:1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.例如:1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.2>.You are staying; I am going.3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.例如:1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.Transferred Epithet: (移就） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective ordescriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which itdoes not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.1. Rushing thongs, blinded by the darkness and smoke, rushed up on a street and down the next trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety.(Robert Silverbury: Pompeii)在黑暗和浓烟中狂奔的人群，沿着大街小巷踏着倒下的躯体，慌乱而徒劳地向安全地方冲闯。

汉英翻译修辞格翻译

Roads became roaring oceans. C. 拟人 personification
e.g. The thirsty soil drank in the rain. 干燥的土壤大口大口地喝着雨水。
6）A群nn山a肃wa立s，gi江ve河n a挥b泪la，ck辽m阔ar的k l祖as国t w大ee地k沉fo浸r b在ei巨ng大la的te悲 f痛or之w中or。k.
e.g. 樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。
The pathways red with cherry blossoms;
The lakeside green with willow trees. Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen;
Duty, faith, love, are roots, and every green.
然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。 7）WeMaisrernaobtlegwoirningktloeslebt ehgimanbtroinagpspheaamr beeotwn eoeunr theiasm.
eye-brows and round his mouth.
LOGO
如H.呼e.g告.祖A国po啊str，op可he见你是一切神圣美丽东西的总称！你不能不让人乐于为你生，勇于为你而死，为了你而奋发前进！
I came, I saw, I conquered.
我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜。
LOGO
如2.在意英译汉法两种语言中不少辞格利用了各自语言的特点，要译成另
一种语言相当困难，这类辞格之所以难译，是因为他们的语法语
音语言形式不为译文读者所接受。这种情况犹见于汉译英。

英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

英语中所有19种修辞⼿法的全部解释和例句英语中所有19种修辞⼿法的全部解释和例句：Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Monotony 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟⼈、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排⽐, 平⾏、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,⽐⽅、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对⽐,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。

快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对⽐.这种共性存在于⼈们的⼼⾥,⽽不是事物的⾃然属性.标志词常⽤like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某⼀事物的名称⽤于另⼀事物,通过⽐较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Monotony 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,⽽使⽤另⼀个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. ⽔开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋⼈安静地坐着.II.以资料.⼯具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎⼠⽐亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有⼒⽓,他们就⽤我的⼒⽓赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻⽤部分代替全体,或⽤全体代替部分,或特殊代替⼀般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的⼚⾥约有100名⼯⼈.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代⼀般)他是本世纪的⽜顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)这狐⽪围脖与你的帽⼦很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。

英语常用修辞格的翻译分析48页PPT

1、不要轻言放弃，否则对不起自己。
2、要冒一次险!整个生命就是一场冒险。走得最远的人，常是愿意去做，并愿意去冒险的人。“稳妥”之船，从未能从岸边走远。-戴尔．卡耐基。
梦境
3、人生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡，喝起来是苦涩的，回味起来却有久久不会退去的余香。
英语常用修辞格的翻译分析 4、守业的最好办法就是不断的发展。 5、当爱不能完美，我宁愿选择无悔，不管来生多么美丽，我不愿失去今生对你的记忆，我不求，就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功，谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特

修辞格与翻译PPT课件

❖As close as an oyster 守口如瓶
❖As sure as a gun
千真万确
❖As cool as a cucumber 泰然自若
❖As mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
❖As blue as the great sea
2021/3/7
10
CHENLI
❖(3) as if; as though
❖ 婚姻像是一个被包围的城堡：外边的想要进去，里边的想要出来。
2021/3/7
8
CHENLI
❖(2) as
❖As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
❖鹰是鸟中之王，犹如狮是兽中之王。
❖Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
2021/3/7
16
CHENLI
❖The pain of separation ❖The light of learning ❖A vicious circle ❖Room for negotiation ❖An angry sky ❖Graves yawned ❖Killing half-an-hour ❖Shoulder of the hill 山脊 ❖Friendly river ❖Laughing valleys
2
CHENLI
❖Rhetoric 修辞学
❖Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that
aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific

常见的修辞格翻译

比喻的翻译方法主要有：直译、直译加注、转换、意译等。明喻一般直译；暗喻中英汉语共有的“A是B”结构比较适合直译；带有文化内涵的习语型比喻常直译加注；不适合直译的暗喻可考虑转换为明喻，或者改变喻体；放弃比喻修辞，翻译意义。

何等动人的一页一页！这是人类思维的花朵。（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》） What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork.

曹操下令军中曰：“今刘备釜中之鱼，阱中之虎；若不就此时擒捉，如放鱼入海，纵虎归山矣。众将可努力向前。” Cao Cao instructed his men: “Liu Bei’s a fish in our pot, a tiger in our trap. If we don’t take him, here and now, we’ll be letting the fish back into the sea, setting the tiger free in the hills. Press forward and spare no effort.”
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）

比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体（vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻（simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。

Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。

英语中种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

•
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时
间观念）
a
12
12.Pun 双关
• 双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
• .If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
•
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
•
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
•
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
•
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
•
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
•
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
• 1>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）
•
品尝Mozart的音乐.
a
6
6.Personification 拟人
• 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
•
例如:
•
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟
英语中的19种修辞手法及例句
a
1
1.Simile 明喻
• 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
•
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

英语常用修辞格的翻译

（三）音韵修辞格(phonetic stylistic devices) 顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。

双声,叠韵Alliteration 拟声Onomatopoeia
1 直译法 ——对可译的辞格，尽可能直译

明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸张讳饰；转喻；省略；移就；递升；递降；反语排比；设问；反问；

反复Repetition 顶真Anadiplosis 排比parallelism 对偶antithesis, 设问rhetoric question, 倒装anastrophe, 递升climax, 递降Anti-climax 脚韵Rhyme 摹形Graphic 列锦
拟人；Personification
eg:每条岭都是那么温柔，虽然下自山脚，上至岭顶，长满了珍贵的林木，可是谁也不孤峰突起，盛气凌人。（老舍：《小花朵集》）译文：All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance， though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
省略；Ellipsis

eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet

把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。

英汉翻译修辞与翻译

There are a lot of good heads in the university.
synecdoche
这所大学有许多优秀的头脑。
He blushed to the roots of his hair.
1
Hyperbole
2
他的脸红到了发根。
3
I must write one line out of my dreary bed …I am not going to talk of my suffering----it would be useless and painful. Transferred epithet 我必须从忧郁的床上爬起来写几个字…我不想谈我的苦痛----谈了也无用，且令人痛心。
用一个词（动词、形容词或介词）与两个以上的在意义上不相干的名词搭配。它用词简练，饶有风趣，与汉语的拈连在性质上完全一致。
She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.
她对这个无家可归的孩子打开了自己的大门，也打开了自己的心扉。
Yesterday he had a blue coat and heart.
3
2
Oxymoron
The world is in orderly chaos.
I used to organize my father’s tools, my other’s kitchen utensils, my sister’s boyfriends.
01
Zeugma
02
我过去常常整理父亲的工具，收拾母亲的厨房用具，排列姐姐的男朋友们。
pun
与汉语双关一样，就是用一个词，一句话，或一个语言片段同时表达双重意思：一个是表面的，一是隐含的，并且以隐含的意思为主。恰当的运用这种手法会使语言生动有趣，达到由此及彼的效果。可分为谐音双关和语义双关。 The wounded captive, an enemy high-ranking officer, lies before the doctor. 受伤的俘虏是敌人的高级军官，他躺在医生面前——对医生撒谎。

汉英修辞格及其翻译

明喻、暗喻、借喻的区别：明喻是本体、喻体和比喻词三者都在句中出现；暗喻是本体、喻体都出现，比喻词却是“是”“成了”“变成”“成为”等；借喻是不出现本体，直接把喻体说成本体，中间不用比喻词。

比喻的基本类型有明喻、暗喻和借喻，此外还有很多变化形式。

明喻的格式为“本体＋“像”类喻词＋喻体”。

“像”类喻词包括“像、如、仿佛、好比”等等。

例如：①凌宇说，我妈不断地给我找对象，她说她要找一个和我匹配的人，就好像电脑要配一个好猫一样。

（丁伯慧《先锋时代》）暗喻的格式为“本体＋“是”类喻词＋喻体”。

“是”类喻词包括“是、变成、成为、等于”等等。

例如：②历史是一条长长的河，不断又有细流的渗去和汇入。

（韩少功《传统文化的危机》）借喻只出现“喻体”，本体和比喻词都不出现。

如下例中“红宝石”是喻体，本体“红菱”和比喻词“像”都未出现：③都唱。

歌撵人。

人撵手。

手如飞。

歌声里，桶梢里堆满了红宝石。

（王明义《采菱女》）比喻的变化形式主要有引喻、博喻、较喻、反喻等。

引喻不用比喻词，本体和喻体多为平行句式，喻体在前在后都可以；博喻是运用多个喻体对一个本体进行描写；较喻是在比喻的基础上将本体和喻体进行比较，说明本体超过或不及喻体；反喻则是以与本体没有相似之处的事物作喻体，否定本体像某种事物，从反面衬托说明本体。

例如：④漫长的旅途检验好马，艰苦的历程考验英雄。

（谚语）⑤交人要交心，浇树要浇根。

（谚语）⑥这歌声太美了，像小提琴的华彩，像钢琴的变奏，像溪水在山涧流淌，像夜莺在山间鸣唱。

（董恒波《魔音》）⑦在这样的气候中，艰苦劳动不要说，最困难的是水，比金子还要宝贵的水一点一滴都得从海南岛上运来。

（秦牧《在仙人掌丛生的地方》）⑧我们四川还有人用牛粪作燃料，至于那些又臭又长的文章，恐怕连牛粪都不如。

（郭沫若《关于文风问题》）⑨秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。

（郁达夫《故都的秋》）例④例⑤是引喻，例⑥是博喻，例⑦例⑧是较喻，例⑨是反喻。

高级英语第三册修辞总结第十三单元

高级英语第三册修辞总结第十三单元一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词like,as,as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim f ingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs,shel ls and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of t he store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。

引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。

英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。

例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。

英语修辞格的译法

Hyperbole
It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.
01
“He is really strange,” his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife.
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。例如： Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。（Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。） The project is an economic Albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。)
这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行。
Simile
Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、借喻及拟物的特点，即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
（1）Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。（隐喻）（2）She is shedding crocodile tears. 她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。（借喻）（3） Mark my words, the first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 瞧着吧，不管什么女人钓他，他就会上钩。（拟物）

英语常用修辞格的翻译分析

1. 那男孩像只蜗牛慢慢向前挪动，嘟哝着不愿去上学。2. 那男孩一动不动地呆着。3. 我们为那伟大的一文不值的信念而死。4. -- 那个律师死后能干什么？（1）--静静地躺着。（2）--躺着说鬼话。
quiet, light, fresh ,blind, clear, stubborn, cunning, old ,slippery, busy
明喻 Simile
英语中的simile和汉语明喻基本格式相同，一般情况下，可以照直翻译。as busy as bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌as brave as lion 像狮子一样勇猛as black as crow 像乌鸦一般黑as sharp as knife 像刀一样锋利
英语比喻美感的再现应以比喻内容为基础，发掘比喻美的真正所在，同时致力于形式的表现，尽可能用“形神兼备”的翻译来传神达意。在实在不可能“形似”时，要在“神似”的条件下，竭力用其它方法和手段表现出原比喻的意之真谛、美之内涵。依据这一原则，可采用以下方法：
1 go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. (Dickens. Little Dorrit) 在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前，一个人的激情会变得麻木不仁，热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。
少时所学，到老不忘。我赚的不够吃。当我发了财时，我要到非洲去。每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
直译+意译法
1. Most of us are too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。2. Men are April when they woo, December when they wed, maids are May when they maids, but the sky changes when they are wives. (Shakespeare) 男人求爱时如和煦的4月，婚后却像寒冬腊月；闺中少女则宛若温暖的5月，而为人妇后却像易变的天气阴晴莫测。

英语中种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

world to me, and the moon and the stars.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语. 句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
13.Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如: A friend in need is a friend to be
avoided. 处于危难之中的朋友是一个为众人所
躲避的朋友。
14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）
17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如: 1>.No light, but rather darkness
visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
18.Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句来源：张震的日志1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it isa bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。