兴趣爱好(解析版)-2021年高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作

2021年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作06
兴趣爱好
1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

We often think how fast we learn something is a function of how smart we are. If your brain is absorbing material quickly, you are intelligent; if not, your IQ is worryingly low. But science shows small changes of the format（格式）you use to read — like those between audiobooks（有声读物）and physical books — can make a huge difference to how fast we learn.
Audiobooks have plenty of advantages. You can enjoy them anywhere, even when you are in the car or taking a walk. Less fluent readers often find them more convenient and absorbing. But according to the latest research, if your goal isn’t to pass the time in traffic or in the gym, but instead to learn something difficult, you should certainly choose a physical book. A 2010 study found that those who read a story from a book remembered details and the order of events better than those who listened to it and therefore performed much better on a quiz after.
Why can physical books help us understand learning materials better? Two factors are likely at play. First, most of us read more slowly than we listen, and when you’re trying to absorb new information, being slower tends to be better. Second, physical books offer visual clues that help our brains organize and understand new information. Things like chapter breaks, subheadings, and lists aid us in making sense of the material and understanding how it fits together. You lose all that when you go the audio route.
So the bottom line is simple: If you want to get some light reading during a trip or a workout, obviously pick audio. However, if you want to make it as easy as possible to learn something hard, be aware of audio’s limitations and seriously consider choosing good old-fashioned reading instead. You might be surprised how fast you follow the material.
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【答案】Contrary to the common belief that intelligence decides our learning efficiency, science has found small changes of reading format count.Although audiobooks are convenient and accessible, physical books promote our understanding of learning materials.That's because they ensure us of the slow reading pace and supply visual clues.So it is advisable to choose the reading format to our needs.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于概要写作。

【详解】
这是一篇说明文。

文章第一段内容：与智力决定学习效率的普遍观点相反，科学研究发现阅读形式的微小变化很重要。

文章第二段内容：有声读物有很多优点，但某些情况下，实体书更实用。

文章第三段内容：实体书能帮助我们更好地理解学习材料的原因。

文章第四段提出了要选择适当的阅读形式的观点。

可知，文章内容概要为：与智力决定学习效率的普遍观点相反，科学研究发现阅读形式的微小变化很重要。

虽然有声书很方便，也很容易获得，但是实体书可以促进我们对学习材料的理解。

这是因为他们确保我们缓慢的阅读速度和提供视觉线索。

因此，选择适合我们需要的阅读形式是明智的。

2.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Speed-reading is a necessary skill in the Internet age. We read articles, e-mails and We Chat quickly, trying to understand key words and the most important meaning of a certain text. Faced with so much information from our smart phones, it would be impossible to deal if we read word by word, line by line. However, more and more people enjoy reading slowly.
There is a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a cafe and turn off their smart phones. They sink into comfortable chairs and read in silence for an hour. Unlike other
book clubs, the point of the slow reading club isn’t exchanging ideas about a certain book, but to get away from smart phones and read in a quiet, relaxing environment. Actually, the Wellington book club is just one example of slow-reading book clubs.
Nowadays, technology has made us unable to focus on reading. “Screens have changed our reading patterns from the straight and information left-to-right order to a wild skimming(略读) and skipping pattern as we hunt for important words and information. Reading a text with links leads to weaker understanding than reading an ordinary text,” says Patrick Kingsley from a newspaper. However, slow reading is good for readers in many ways. It sharpens the mind, improves concentration, reduces stress levels and deepens the ability to sympathize (共鸣).Another study last year showed that reading novels slowly helps people understand others’ mental states and beliefs, a fundamental skill in building relationships.
Aim for 30 minutes a day, advises Kelly, a slow reader. “You can put in half an hour pretty easily during your free moments. You pick up a meaningful book rather than start your computer to look for your favorite site for something to pass the time,” Kelly said.
【答案】Though speed-reading plays an important role in the modern age, an increasing number of people prefer to read slowly. (要点1) Actually, there are many slow reading clubs where people put aside their smart phones and read quietly and slowly. (要点2) Currently, technology makes people less concentrated, but slow reading brings many benefits. (要点3) It is suggested that people should spend 30 minutes every day in reading slowly. (要点4)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括文章要点，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述虽然现代社会阅读速度很重要，但是人们更愿意选择慢慢地阅读，如今也有很多慢阅读俱乐部，慢阅读有很多好处，最后文章建议每天花30分钟的时间慢慢地阅读。

注意篇幅控制在60词左右。

【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，掌握文章主旨。

本文主要讲述现代社会人们
更愿意选择慢阅读，有很多慢阅读俱乐部，人们可以放下手机享受安静缓慢的阅读，这有很多好处，最后建议人们每天花30分钟时间享受慢阅读。

2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，弄清结构，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。

3、注意要点之间的衔接，要使用适当的关联词语贯通全文。

切忌只写一些简单的互不相干的句子。

4、不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话表述，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换或者结构上的转换。

【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。

作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Actually, there are many slow reading clubs where people put aside their smart phones and read quietly and slowly.这句话运用了where引导的定语从句；也使用了一些固定词组，如play an important role; an increasing number of ; put aside等。

全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。

另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。

3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

While it takes time，energy and money that could surely be put to a much more productive use，there are millions of collectors around the world.People collect postcards，chocolate wrappers or whatever they like.Collecting must be one of the most varied human activities，and it’s one that many psychologists find fascinating.Many forms of collecting have been dignified with a technical name：an arctophilist collects teddy bears，a philatelist collects postage stamps and a deltiologist collects postcards.
There are people who collect something because they want to make money，and this could be called an instrumental reason for collecting，that is，collecting as a means to an end.They will look for，say，antiques(古董) that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit.But there may well be a psychological factor too：buying cheap and selling dear can keep the collector a
sense of achievement.And as selling online is so easy，more people are joining in.
If you think about collecting postage stamps，another potential reason for it is its educational value.Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries and to the plants，animals or famous people shown on the stamps.Similarly，in the nineteenth century many collectors amassed(积累) animals and plants from around the globe and their collections provide a vast amount of information about the natural world.Without those collections，our understanding would be greatly inferior to what it is.
Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobby，though，so what we might call a psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control and a sense of fulfillment，perhaps as a way of dealing with insecurity.Stamp collectors，for instance，arrange their stamp albums，usually very neatly，organizing their collections according to certain commonplace principles—perhaps by country in alphabetic order or grouping stamps by what they describe—people，birds，maps and so on.
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【答案】Collecting wins the hearts of many people despite the time, effort and money they have to invest.(要点1)To make a fortune is one of the reasons accounting for the habit of collecting, where a sense of accomplishment is also granted. (要点2)Its academic merits are also obvious because people may have a better comprehension of the world with the information their collections provide. (要点3)Actually,people sometimes just enjoy the feeling of domination and collecting serves as a hobby to resist insecurity. (要点4)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。

本文主要讲述了收集的原因。

【详解】
通读全文，你可以从以下四个方面对文章进行概括：尽管收集需要花时间、精力甚至金钱，但很多人喜欢它。

有人收集是为了赚钱，这是一种投资性质的收集；有人收集是为了获得更多的知识；有人把收集当成一种成就感。

4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Storm chasers
When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.
Storm chasing is becoming an increasingly popular hobby, especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop.
Though anyone can do it, storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.
Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement. “Storm chasing is 95% driving,” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. “Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”
However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life, says Jasper Morley. ‘Every storm is an example of the
power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth.’
【答案】Storm chasing is becoming more and more popular in the Midwest of the United States, where storm chasers will drive to the center of the storm to watch it at close range. Though it is full of excitement, it can be very dangerous, and sometimes it can be disappointing because of the unpredictable weather. Still, storm chasers are willing to give it a try.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括风暴追逐在美国中西部越来越流行，风暴追逐者将驱车到风暴中心以近距离观看，虽然风暴追逐很刺激，但它可能是非常危险的，有时多变的天气会让风暴追逐者得到失望的结果，尽管如此，风暴追逐者还是愿意尝试。

注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。

【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。

2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。

3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。

4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

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This is a story about a book that just kept selling, catching publishers, booksellers and even its author off guard. The book is Sapiens, by the Israeli academic Yuval Noah Harari, published in the UK in September 2014.It is a recondite(深奥的) work of evolutionary history charting the development of humankind through a scholarly examination of our ability to cooperate as a species.
Sapiens sold well on publication, particularly when it came out in paperback in the summer of 2015.What is remarkable about it, though, is that it's still selling in vast numbers. Sapiens has sold a further half million copies, establishing itself firmly at the top of the bestseller lists. The book's wild success is symptomatic of a broader trend in our book-buying habits: a surge in the popularity of intelligent, challenging nonfiction, often books that are several years old.
It was trade publication, the Booksellers, that first noted the rise of what is called the “brainy backlist”, it also highlighted a concomitant fall in the sales of the books that had been such a staple of publishers' catalogues-celebrity biographies. We are turning away from exciting but disposable stories of fame towards more serious, thoughtful, quiet books that help us understand our place in the world. Mark Richards, publisher at John Murray Prese, see the return to serious works of nonfiction as a response to the spirit of the age, “People have a hunger both for information and facts, and for nuanced(有细微差别的) exploration of issues, of a sort that books are in a prime position to provide.” he says.
In the end, the story of Sapiens is about a book becoming part of a national conversation. At a time when politics is more furious and fragmented than ever, when technology is colonizing our everyday existence.
【答案】Homo sapiens is a book written by Yuval Noah Harari on the evolutionary history of human development. This book is especially popular and heralds the new trend of reading. We are turning away from exciting but disposable stories of fame towards more serious, thoughtful, quiet books that help us understand our place in the world.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。

【详解】
写作步骤
1）细读原文。

首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。

文章主要介绍了《智人》是Yuval Noah
Harari写的关于人类发展的进化史的书。

这本书特别受欢迎，预示着阅读的新趋势。

我们正在从那些激动人心但可以随意使用的名人故事转向更严肃、有思想、安静的书籍，这些书籍帮助我们了解自己在世界上的位置。

2）弄清结构，归纳段意。

概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。

因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要点。

分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。

在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。