2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing2(10篇,有解析)

Exercise 1
Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water covers three- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life.
All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.
Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasing population tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.
Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.
参考范文：
Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(要点1) With the worldwide increase of population，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted by poisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thus measures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and produce
water to meet the needs.
分析过程
1.核心内容
本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。

第一段主要讲水是生命之源，虽然在地球上水的覆盖面积很大但真正可供饮用的水资源很少。

第二段讲现在水资源变得短缺，但是对水的需求量却越来越大。

第三段提到了在工农业用水等方面对水源的污染问题。

第四段讲的是各国正在想办法解决水资源短缺的问题。

2.写作思路
说明文的概括一般用段意合并法。

首先要通读全文，分析文章的组织结构。

第二步是寻找关键词，总结每一段的大意。

最后一步是根据每段的大意及作者的侧重点，重组归纳全文的大意并概述成段。

第一段的内容要点是“without water there can be no life on the earth; less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life”。

第二段的内容要点是“fresh wa ter is becoming scarce’，。

第三段的内容要点是“water problem is becoming more serious and more complex”。

第四段的要点是“Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. ”。

3，范文解析
要点1是第一段的内容概要。

要点2用with复合结构表达由于人口数量增加等原因导致水源匮乏。

用meanwhile过渡到水源污染问题，即第3个要点。

最后用thus连接要点4,即引出各国为解决饮用水资源匮乏问题所做的努力。

Exercise 2
Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流）)Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way —by studying movements of random floating garbage.
A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s wh en he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the
United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his studies that the shoes —about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn’t. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.
The Pacific Northwest is one of the world’s best areas for beach-combing(海滩搜寻）because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.
As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.
参考范文：
Unlike other oceanographerst Ebbesmeyer monitors ocean currents by tracking floating garbage. (要点1) His inspiration for this unique research method came from many sneakers washed into the ocean. He thought the distribution of the shoes’landing spots would indicate how seawater flowed.(要点2) Therefore, he established links with beachcombers whose first-hand information contributed greatly to his findings.(要点3) The study just marked the beginning of his research into ocean currents using floating garbage as markers.(要点4)
分析过程：
试题详解
核心内容
本文是一篇说明文，全文共四段。

第一段介绍海洋科学家Curtis Ebbesmeyer与众不同的洋流研究方式：他根据海上漂浮物来研究洋流。

第二段详细说明该研究方法的由来。

20世纪
90年代，因为一次海运事故，很多运动鞋掉落海中，Ebbesmeyer通过分析运动鞋的落水时间、地点及其着陆点等数据，尝试进行试验。

第三段描述数据收集情况。

Ebbesmeyer在海滩搜寻者的帮助下，收集到鞋子的相关信息，并公布了调查结果。

第四段简略提及Ebbesmeyer因此方法而出名，而且他的研究对象不再局限于鞋子，而是各种各样的海上漂流物，他的研究队伍也开始壮大。

写作思路：
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。

该文第一段是全文的中心段落，其中末句“However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer... random floating garbage.”既是文章的主题句，也是段落的主题句。

第二段.
通过整合关键词“started the research, shoes，experime nt”，得出大意“He started this type of research into the patterns of ocean currents when he decided to carry out an experiment with the shoes washing up on the shores.”。

第三段关键词为“beachcombers, information, data”，通过整合可归纳出大意“Ebbesmeyer collected information with the help of beachcombers.”。

第四段共三句话，谓语动词“has become known, has even started，have recorded”都是围绕着“他继续采用该方法”这一中心，故大意可归纳为“He continued this type of research.”。

(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。

要点1是第一段的大意，也是全文的总述，介绍了Ebbesmeyer 采用特殊的洋流研究方法。

为使句意完整，应补充信息“有别于其他海洋学家”，即“different from/ unlike other scientists”。

要点2根据第二段大意及该段所涵盖的两方面具体信息来表达，即“掉落海中的鞋子给他灵感”和“他决定利用这些鞋子来进行试验'要点3紧接上文，描述他为了收集数据，和海滩搜寻者建立联络。

可使用“and, so”等表示因果关系的词来衔接，使句子紧凑。

要点4可换一种表述概括第四段的大意“他继续这种特殊的研究方法”，即“他以鞋子为研究对象开展的试验是之后一系列类似研究工作的开始”。

范文解析：
要点1中，用“unlike other oceanographers”来说明Ebbesmeyer所采用的方法与众不同；同时，oceanographer替换原文中的scientists，用词更精确。

要点2中，用“inspiration... came from”概括原文中关于这种特殊方法由来的详细描述，并用后置定语“washed into the ocean”，补充说明鞋子的情况，使得句意完整，结构紧凑；此外，为避免词汇重复，用“ distribution of the shoes’ landing spots”和“ how seawater flowed”分别替换原文的“where they landed”和“the patterns of ocean currents”。

要点3 和要点2用therefore衔接，使得行文流畅。

同时，定语从句自然地把“beachcombers”与“Ebbesmeyer的研究发现”这两个信息点串联起来。

要点4
用“The study just marked the beginning of his research…”来说明这次试验后，他继续采用这种特殊方法进行研究，使得表达方式多样化，表述准确到位。

Exercise 3
We shouldn’t judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isn’t the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.
Schools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why?
A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can help in other ways too. If all the students wear uniforms, they can’t judge e ach other because of their clothes. It also avoids arguments about who or what is fashionable.
However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see respectable clothes under the doctor’s white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or their colleagues who require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of clothes.
But can our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When people see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have confidence in us.
参考范文：
Proper clothes are important for first impressions.(要点1) Schools adopt uniform policy, as teachers are convinced that uniform has numerous benefits for students.(要点2) Apart from schools，other fields, including hospitals, banks, police and some companies also insist on wearing uniforms for the sake of professionalism and convenience.(要点3) The belief is that proper clothes, especially uniforms，can present our serious attitude and win trust from others.(要点4)
分析过程：
一、试题详解
核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段，核心话题是统一着装。

第一段主要说明人们非常关注着装，因为合适的着装对第一印象至关重要。

第二段阐释了学校推行校服，是因为大部分教师都认可校服的积极作用。

第三段列举了其他也采用统一着装的行业及其用途，比如医生、银行职员、警察和公司职员。

第四段补充说明着装虽然不能代表我们是怎样的人，但是可以反映出我们对所从事工作的态度。

写作思路
理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。

第一段没有明显的主题句，需要学生自己提炼和整合信息，主要是指得体合适的着装对第一印象极其重要。

第二段要点也需要学生自己提炼，围绕schools和teachers 形成要点。

第三段第一句为此段的主题句，后面是具体的行业介绍。

第四段第二句是主题句。

确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。

本文第一段的主旨大意是要点1。

第二段需要组合schools，teachers和uniforms等主要信息，形成要点2。

第三段通过明显的主题句和具体的例证来构成要点3。

最后一段为要点
范文解析：
范文用“proper clothes”代替appearance 和“right clothes”，避免语言的重复。

用“adopt uniform policy”来代替“ask their students to wear a uniform”，用形容词convinced 代替原文的动词think，用“numerous benefits”来概括原文提到的积极作用。

因为要点2和要点3之间是并列
关系，故用“apart from”这一结构来连接。

在表达要点3时，用介词including来统领其他穿制服的行业，用“for the sake of”引出各个行业统一着装的好处。

在表达要点4时，用belief 来说明其背后的理念。

Exercise 4
One of the most widely accepted, commonly repeated assumptions in our culture is that if you exercise, you will lose weight. I exercise all the time, but I still have gut fat that hangs over my belt when I sit. Why isn’t all the exercise getting rid of it?
It's a question many of us could ask. More than 45 million Americans now belong to a health club. We spend some $ 19 billion a year on gym memberships. And yet obesity figures have risen sharply in the same period: a third of Americans are obese, and another third count as overweight by the Federal Government’s definition. Like many other people, ，I get hungry after I exercise, so I often eat more on the days I work out than on the days I don’t. Could exercise actually be keeping me from losing weight?
The popular belief that exercise is essential for weight control is actually fairly new. As recently as the 1960s, doctors routinely advised against too much exercise, particularly for older adults who could injure themselves. Today doctors encourage even their oldest patients to exercise, which is sound advice for many reasons: people who regularly exercise are at significantly lower risk for all manner of diseases—those of the heart in particular. They less often develop cancer and many other illnesses. But the past few years of obesity research show that the role of exercise in weight loss has been wildly overevaluated.
Many recent studies have found that exercise isn’t as important in helping people lose weight as you hear so regularly in gym advertisements or on shows or magazines.
The basic problem is that while it's true that exercise burns calories and that you must burn calories to lose weight, exercise has another effect：it can make one hungry. That causes us to eat more, which in turn can negate(使无效)）the weight-loss benefits we just gained. Exercise, in other words, isn’t necessarily helping us lose weight. It may even be making it harder.
参考范文：
Different from what American people take for granted, they find it difficult to lose weight through
exercise.(要点1) Is there possibility that taking exercise actually prevents weight loss?(要点2) Studies have shown that though regular exercise does help decrease chances of various diseases，（要^ 3) it is an overstatement from modern medical science or media that exercise leads to weight loss, (要点4) because hunger and good appetite often come along with exercise.(要点5) 分析过程：
一试题详解
核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分五段。

第一段开门见山提出问题——既然锻炼促进减肥，为何“我”坚持锻炼仍然无法摆脱肚子上的肥肉？第二段推己及人，指出美国很多人每年花大笔钱用来健身，肥胖人口的数据却在急剧上升，究其原因，“我”在锻炼后往往吃得更多。

提出假设——锻炼事实上是否阻碍减肥？第三段和第四段说明锻炼在减少各种疾病方面有其功效，但是许多研究表明锻炼对于减肥的作用远没有广告、媒体上宣传的那么大。

第五段总结锻炼的确促进热量消耗，但其同时使人感到饥饿，因此锻炼并不一定促进减肥，甚至可能阻碍减肥。

1，写作思路：
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。

第一段围绕assumptions提出问题。

第二段是对前面的问题：Could exercise actually be keeping me from losing weight?第三段重点在于说明锻炼的意义和误解。

第四段是对第三段的补充。

第五段肯定了第二段提出的假设：锻炼导致饥饿和好胃口从而于减肥无益甚至可能有害。

(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。

第一段提出的困惑是全文的起点，用“take for granted”来替换原文中的assumption。

第二段所列各种数据是为了引出问题“Could exercise actually be keeping me from losing weight?”，用“Is there possibility that exercise actually prevents weight loss?”进行同义替换。

第三段和第四段阐述锻炼的积极作用和对锻炼的误解，我们_可以用though对这两个要点进行整合。

它的作用用“ help decrease chances of various diseases ’’进行概括，其对减肥的作用夸大用‘‘ an overstatement”引出，这样就可以把要点3和要点4表达清楚。

最后要点5是对原因的探究，用because 来连接，具体原因包含“make one hungry” 和“cause us to eat more’’，我们可以用“hunger and good appetite”进行整合。

范文解析
(3)范文用两句话来表达段落1和段落2的两个要点。

要点1中的“what people take for granted”代替了原文中的assumption,要点2用possibility代替原文中的动词could。

要点3、4和5
把第三段、第四段和第五段的要点用though和because进行了概括和整合，以达到简洁、凝练的效果，其中“help decrease chances of various diseases”以及“an overstatement from modern medical science or media”都是对原文中内容的概括。

提炼归纳1.同义替换
本范文中我们将“at significantly lower risk for all manner of diseases”和“less often develop cancer and many other illnesses”统一表达为“help decrease chances of various diseases’’。

本文中关于锻炼对于减肥的作用被过分夸大的表达“the role of exercise in weight loss has been wildly over-evaluated”可以
替换为overstatement,原文中的“in gym advertisements or on shows or magazines” 可以用“from modern media”来概括，避免重复。

2.逻辑连贯
本范文中第三、四、五三段在逻辑上有很强的关联，我们用though和because连接成一句话将锻炼的两面性和原因进行了整合。

“regular exercise does help decrease chances of various diseases”是对第三段中锻炼的积极意义的概括描述。

“modern medical science or media”是对第三、四两段中“doctors” 和“gym advertisements or shows or magazines”的整合。

Exercise 5
Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide new ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice verse(反之亦然)）.
A recent study suggests that most people can5t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future. Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However,
there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.
O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might com e more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong. ’’ O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? "If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.
参考范文：
Although some scientists think optimism has a significant impact on bettering fitness，（要点1) they are unsure whether positive beliefs determine health improvements.(要点2) O’Brien’s study indicates that it’s human nature to expect a promising future.(要点3) For instance, those with positive future plans were more likely to achieve happiness，y et those having negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. (要点4) Above all，there’s no certain conclusion that optimism precedes good health.(要点5)
分析过程
试题详解：
1核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。

第一段主要讲有些研究者认为乐观情绪能改善健康状况，但两者孰先孰后尚未定论。

第二段，O’Brien的研究揭示了大多数人会自然而然地乐观思考。

第三段进一步描述他的研究，即发现越容易想出积极未来的人越会认为自己快乐，但反之并不成立。

第四段指出，“先有乐观，还是先有健康”还没有定论。

2，写作思路
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。

该文第一段的主题句是“But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice verse.”。

第二段主题句是段落首句；第三段是对第二段主题句的解释和说明，虽没有明显的主题句，但可通过对比，总结归纳。

第四段主题句是该段
末句。

确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。

第一段要包括两个要点，要点1即全文的逻辑起点，要点2是该段的主题句。

根据but 可知“scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice verse”一句的意思是研究人员并不知晓乐观和健康孰先孰后；为了避免重复，我们可以把“乐观(optimism)”表达为“积极信念(positive belief)”，这样我们就可以整合并表达好要点1和2。

要点3可根据第二段第一句来总结归纳该段大意，也就是表达的要点。

该句的意思是：最近一项研究表明，大多数人会自然而然地乐观思考。

这样我们就可以把第一句灵活表达为“ it’s human nature to expect promising futures”。

要点4根据第三段最后两句，即研究发现、归纳概括两种表现和结果。

要点5的主题句是第四段末句。

该句的意思很难确定哪个因素在先：是乐观的心理，还是健康的身体。

这样我们可以用“there’s no certain conclusion that…”灵活表达原文“it’s difficult to determine...”。

3，范文解析：
范文把要点1和2表达为一句，因为它们是转折关系，可用although替换原文的but,并用“has a significant impact on bettering fitness”替换原文的“provide new ways to improve health’’，用determine 替换“goes ahead of”。

要点3 用“it’s human nature to expect promising futures”，灵活替换第二段第一句话。

要点4和要点3是包含与被包含关系，用“for instance”或者“for example”连接。

且研究发现两类人表现不同，用yet 替换however，用“ human nature” 替换“ can’t help but to”，同时用“ expect promising futures”替换“think optimistically”，它们和要点5存在因果关系，所以用“above all”相连。

用“there’s no certain conclusion that...”灵活表达“it’s difficult to determine...”，用precede 替换“what comes Hrst”，实现句义替换，表达流
畅的目的。

Exercise 6
Group singing is a sound that begins inside you, shares it with a roomful of people and it comes back as something even more thrilling: harmony. So it's not surprising that group singing is on the rise.
As the popularity of group singing grows, science has been hard at work trying to explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people. What researchers are beginning to discover is that singing is like a filling of the perfect tranquilizer(镇静剂）,the kind that both ease your nerves and lift your spirits. The high spirits may come from endorphin, a hormone(荷尔蒙)）released by singing, which is associated with feelings of pleasure. Or it might be from oxytocin, another hormone released during singing, which has been found to ease anxiety and stress. oxytocin also strengthens feeling of trust and bonding, which may explain why still more studies have found that singing lessons feelings of depression and loneliness.
The benefits of singing regularly seem to be accumulative. In one study, singers were found to have lower levels of stress. Another investigation suggesting that our heart rates may keep pace with each other during group singing could also explain why singing together sometimes feels like a guided group meditation. Study after study has found that singing relieves anxiety and contributes to quality of life.
It turns out you don’t even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards. Accor ding to one 2005 study,group singing “can produce satisfying and therapeutic feelings even when the sound produced by the mouth is of average quality”. Singing groups which vary from casual affairs to serious, professional or a vocational ones will all work.
Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment, healthier than drinking, and certainly more fun than working out. It is the one thing in life where feeling better is pretty much guaranteed. Even if you walked into the group exhausted and depressed，by the end of the night you’ll walk out high as a kite on endorphin and good will.
参考范文：
Group singing is becoming more popular(要点1) and scientists find out that singing will help make people calm and energetic，which results from some hormones released with group
singing.(要点2) Also，singing together will have a good influence on each other.(要点3) Whether people can sing well or not，it benefits.(要点4) Besides，singing costs little, makes us healthy and has a lot of fun.(要点5)
分析过程：
一试题详解
1，核心内容
本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。

第一段讲合唱变得越来越流行;第二段从生理因素分析合唱变得流行的原因：它能使人宁静又激发活力；第三段介绍合唱时合唱者之间的相互影响；第四段介绍合唱者不必唱得很好也能起到功效；第五段介绍合唱比药物治疗更便宜，比喝酒更健康，比体育锻炼更有趣。

2，写作思路
理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。

同学们可以使用寻找文章主题句的方法概括段落大意。

第一段：So it’s not surprising that group singing is on the rise.
第二段没有明显的主题句，但是我们可以找到一些关键短语“explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people，ease your nerves and lift your spirits”，这些短语说明了合唱的功效。

要关注两个关键句子：“The high spirits may come from endorphin, a hormone... Or it might be from oxytocin, another hormone...”，这解释了合唱有功效的生理原因。

第三段的主题句是：The benefits of singing regularly seem to be accumulative.
第四段的主题句是：It turns out you don’t even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards.
第五段的主题句是：Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment，healthier than drinking，and certainly more fun than working out.
概要的写作就是要把这些主要的内容进行整合，并灵活处理相关要点。

二、范文解析
范文开门见山提到合唱正变得流行，然后用and连接自然过渡到了第2个要点：科学家研究发现合唱的好处。

此处用which引导的非限制性定语从句来体现，解释合唱带来好处的原因。

要点3、4、5是合唱的优势，它们都是并列关系，表示合唱简单易行，好处颇多。

三、提炼归纳
1，语义转换
本范文中用“become more popular”替代了原文中的“on the rise”；用“make people clam and
energetic”代替了“has such a calming yet energizing effect on people”；第3 个要点把主题句中的accumulative 用“have a good influence on each other”表示；要点5 用三个并列的谓语“costs little, makes us healthy”和“has lot of fun”替换了原文中的三个比较结构“cheaper than，healthier than”和“more fun than”。

2，语句连接
范文把前两个要点在一个句子中进行了表现，用and连接了前两个要点，用一个which的非限制性定语从句进行了句内的连接，非常精练自然。

在要点2、3、4之间用also和besides 进行有效连接，使文章浑然一体。

同时在要点4中使用了“whether...or not”，句子表达意思充分，结构紧凑。

Exercise 7
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but the quantity of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us. Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. There is an even more hidden kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise.
A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike: Lawn mowers whining on a summer’s day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of all kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. To our surprise dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7.
New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.
The noise pollution survey revealed an amusing old fashioned source of noise. It turned out to be snoring(打軒）！Men were found to be the worst offenders. It was revealed that 20% of men in
their mid-thirties snore. This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. Against these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners.
Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain：silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.
参考范文：
We cause serious pollution to our planet, and try to dispose the waste of our daily life.(要点1) Yet noise constantly disturbs our daily lives.(要点2) According to a survey, among common noises，the worst is dogs barking.(要点3) While the use of cellphone in public places is annoying，（要点4) snoring is a long existing source of noise bringing more trouble to women than men. There’s less silence than ever before.(要点5)
分析过程：
1，核心内容：
本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。

第一段主要讲污染是人口过密、城市化的代价，人们努力处理垃圾，然而噪音却是一种更为隐秘的污染。

第二段进一步用调查来说明人们日常生活中各类常见的噪音污染，特别指出了犬吠的问题。

第三段以大声打电话为例，说明高科技也加剧了噪声污染。

第四段提出调查中一个有趣的发现，打呼噜也是一种困扰。

第五段，表达了人们对安静生活的怀念。

2，写作思路
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。

理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写摘要的基础。

说明文、议论文一般都会使用比较清晰的结构和较为概括的主题句。

该文第一段的主题句是“There is an even more hidden kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily。