上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一. 概要写作题型特点概要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语词典》（第8 版）对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。

也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。

这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。

考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。

需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。

简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。

概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。

写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

二. 评分原则《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

上海高考Summary如何写

Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。

(完整版)上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学孙吉从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。

概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。

概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。

一．正确认识概要写作1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:*The author’s name*The article’s or chapter’s name*The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describes……He then points out that……In addition, the author talks about……Finally, the author suggests……Some other introductory phrases:*(The author) states in (this article) that…*(The author), in (this article) shows that…*In (this article), (the author) writes that…*As (the author) says in (this article),…*The main idea of (the author’s article) is…*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause…*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二．记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。

2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing2(10篇,有解析)

Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water covers three- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasing population tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(要点1) With the worldwide increase ofpopulation，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted by poisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thus measures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。

【上海高考概要写作】summary writing4(10篇,有解析)

Exercise 1College pays off financially. A wide range of statistics shows the economic advantage of a four-year college education. Over a lifetime, students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not, well over a million dollars more than they would otherwise. But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure? They are equally significant and add up to a lot of value over the course of a lifetime：College takes students to places they’ve never been to before. College is a passport to different places, different times, and different ways of thinking —from learning new languages to considering the development of human history to diving deep into the building blocks of matter. It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently, seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who populated other eras(时代)）and other lands.College introduces students to people they've never met before. One of the most important ways in which students learn, at colleges and universities everywhere, is by interacting with people who are different from themselves both inside and outside the classroom. Students learn more at a place full of engaging people with a wide range of viewpoints.In these ways and in so many others, college helps students see themselves differently, giving them the room and the license to imagine new possibilities. Yes, it opens opportunities reflected in earning and employment statistics. But, perhaps even more valuable, it opens minds and worlds in ways that are beyond measurement. The value of higher education is symbolized by people who dream bigger and achieve more, who create their own futures and shape their own futures.参考答案：According to statistics，college makes a great difference to students’ earning power,(要1) while it also contributes to other valuable aspects beyond assessment in life.(要点2) Firstly, college motivates students’ self-realization through various learning activities.(要点3) Secondly, it shapes students’ diverse perspectives by encouraging them to communicate with differentpeople.(要点4) In short, not only does college provide financial opportunities，but it opens up new possibilities.(要点5)分析过程：试题详解：1，核心内容——本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。

上海高考英语summary的要求

上海高考英语summary的要求在上海高考英语中，summary（概括大意）是一项重要的考核内容。

在这一部分，考生需要根据所给的一篇英语短文，用自己的语言，以全文的1/4为限，对全文的主要内容进行概括。

这项能力旨在考察考生的阅读理解、语言表达和文字概括能力。

在进行summary时，考生首先要理解文章的大意和要点，然后用简洁、清晰的语言对其进行概括，同时遵循题目所给定的句子结构和单词数量要求。

考生还需注意语法和拼写的正确性。

在summary中，不同类型的文章可能会有不同的要求。

一般来说，新闻报道、科普文章和社论等不同类型的文章，对于概括的内容和表达方式都有所不同。

新闻报道要求考生对事件的时间、地点、原因和结果进行简洁准确的概括；科普文章要求考生对科学知识或技术原理进行简明的阐述；社论则要求考生对作者的观点和论据进行简要的总结。

在应对summary时，考生需要通过多读多练，积累丰富的词汇和句型，提高自己的语言组织能力。

平时的阅读量也是非常重要的。

只有通过大量的阅读练习，才能对不同类型的文章有更深入的理解，从而更好地进行summary。

对于上海高考英语summary来说，我个人认为这并不仅仅是一种考试技巧，更是一种实用的能力。

在日常生活和工作中，我们经常需要阅读各种文字材料，进行信息概括和传达。

通过学习和掌握summary 的技巧，不仅可以在考试中获得好成绩，更可以提高自己的语言表达和文字概括能力，为将来的学习和工作打下良好的基础。

上海高考英语summary的要求是全面的，不仅考察了考生的英语语言能力，更考察了考生的思维逻辑和文字表达能力。

通过认真学习和练习，相信每位考生都可以在这一部分取得令人满意的成绩。

上海高考英语summary要求的背后，是对考生阅读理解和语言表达能力的全面考察。

在这方面，学生们除了要掌握丰富的词汇和句型，还需要具备良好的阅读习惯和逻辑思维能力。

阅读量是非常重要的。

只有通过大量的阅读练习，学生才能对不同类型的文章有更深入的理解。

上海高中英语summary

上海高中英语summary
1. 抓住主旨，summary的目的在于概括文章或演讲的主要内容，因此学生需要准确把握文章的中心思想，理清文章的逻辑结构，避
免在summary中出现次要信息或者篇幅过长的内容。

2. 简明扼要，summary要求言之简洁，言之有物。

学生需要用
简洁明了的语言对所理解的内容进行概括，避免出现冗长的叙述或
者不必要的细节。

3. 语言准确，summary要求学生在表达上要准确无误，避免使
用原文中的具体词语和句式，而是要用自己的语言进行转述，同时
要注意使用恰当的连接词和过渡词，使得summary的表达更加流畅
自然。

4. 逻辑清晰，summary要求学生的表达要有条理，内容之间要
有逻辑关联，避免出现跳跃或者不连贯的情况，可以通过时间顺序、因果关系、对比等手段来组织summary的内容。

总的来说，上海高中英语summary是对学生综合语言能力的考验，要求学生在阅读理解、语言表达、逻辑思维等方面都有较高水
平。

学生在平时的学习中需要多读多练，提高自己的语言功底和综合运用能力，才能在summary中游刃有余地进行表达。

上海高考Summary如何写

Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。

上海高考Summary如何写

Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。

上海高考英语summary技巧

上海高考英语summary技巧一、背景介绍英语Summary作为高考英语写作的一个重要题型，对考生的综合语言能力和逻辑思维能力有很高的要求。

在Summary中，要求我们根据给定的文章，以自己的话精炼出原文的要点，并保持语言简洁、清晰，同时又要准确表达原文的意思。

下面将介绍几个在写Summary时能够提高准确性和规范性的技巧。

1.理解文章在写Summary之前，我们首先要仔细阅读并理解原文。

理解原文的思想和逻辑结构是做好Summary的基础。

因此，我们需要仔细分析原文的标题、首段和每个段落的主题句，并将这些关键信息提取出来。

2.掌握关键词汇在Summary中，关键词汇是非常重要的。

关键词汇可以帮助我们快速捕捉到原文的要点。

因此，在阅读原文的同时，我们要将一些关键词汇标记出来，便于后续写Summary时使用。

3.突出主旨要点写Summary的目的是概括原文的主旨要点，因此，在写作过程中我们要将这些主旨要点突出出来。

可以通过使用一些具体的表达方式（如使用特定的形容词或动词）来增强主旨要点的表达效果。

4.注意时态和语态在写Summary时，我们要注意将时态和语态保持一致。

如果原文中使用了过去时，我们在写Summary时也要使用过去时，不要混合使用。

5.语言简洁清晰在写Summary时，我们要力求语言简洁明了。

避免使用过多的修饰语和从句，使用简单的句子和词汇来表达主旨要点。

同时，要注意句子之间的逻辑关系，确保文章的结构清晰，逻辑通顺。

通过以上几个技巧，我们可以提高写Summary的准确性和规范性。

在准备高考英语时，我们可以多加练习，多积累一些常见的表达方式和关键词汇，以便在考试中能够更好地应对Summary题型。

相信只要我们努力去做，就能够在Summary题型中取得好成绩。

注：本文所提供的技巧仅供参考，请考生根据自身情况和实际需要加以灵活运用，以取得最佳效果。

2017-2020年上海高考英语概要写作Summary

ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child,s home and family life. Today,s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environment cause of shyness in an individual may be one,s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan,57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual,s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.答案：Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person. (56 words)Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘ by rote, as:‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices fora need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While theinternet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself ---with flashcards or by repetition --- is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you,ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, youwill find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.答案：Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learning in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don,t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people,s laughte r is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.答案：Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better. (59w) Laughter is unconscious, infectious and basic. It brings us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugh more with others around, contributing to prompting recognition and feeling more connected with one another. Scientists assure that laughter resulted in greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w)Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise^业技能）in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant,s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal -driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.答案：How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers, expectations into consideration.Where Are the Bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinat(给... 授粉)large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.答案：Bees are necessary for people because one third of the food we eat is pollinated by bees. But bees are disappearing because of too much pressure ob beehives in trucks or being killed by pesticides, which may influence the quality of food and increased food prices, and cause great losses to economic development.It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech -lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete废弃的）so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don,t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.答案：Don,t be the first users of the new electronic equipment. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product are with some defects generally. Therefore, don,t be the first to try out the new products.。

2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing5(10篇,有解析)

Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。

上海高考英语概要写作

上海高考英语概要写作是一种测试学生英语阅读和写
作能力的题型，通常出现在高考英语试卷中。

概要写作要求学生根据所提供的文章，写出一篇内容简洁、语言准确、逻辑连贯的摘要。

概要写作的基本步骤包括：
1.阅读文章：首先，学生需要仔细阅读所提供的文章，理解文章的主旨和要点。

2.提取关键信息：学生需要从文章中提取关键信息，包括主要观点、重要细节和重要论据等。

3.组织信息：学生需要将提取的关键信息进行整理和组织，按照一定的逻辑顺序进行排列，以便更好地呈现文章的主旨和要点。

4.撰写概要：学生需要使用自己的语言简洁明了地撰写概要，同时要注意语言的准确性和连贯性。

5.检查修改：学生需要仔细检查写好的概要，修改语法错误、拼写错误、标点符号错误等，并完善概要的内容和结构。

在进行概要写作时，学生需要注意以下几点：
1.理解文章主旨和要点：学生需要仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主旨和要点，避免在摘要中出现与原文不相符的内容。

2.用自己的语言撰写概要：学生需要使用自己的语言进行写作，避免直接复制原文的内容。

3.突出重点：学生需要突出文章的重点内容，避免过于冗长和繁复的表述。

4.注意语言的准确性和连贯性：学生需要确保使用的语言准确、连贯，避免出现语法错误、拼写错误、标点符号错误等问题。

5.检查修改：学生需要仔细检查修改写好的概要，完善内容和结构，提高概要的准确性和可读性。

上海高考英语-概要写作summary_writing

directly across the street and over to the homeless man. Without saying
anything, he first gave him a lot of money and then he sat down and took off his leather gloves, beautiful black leather shoes and his black dress socks． Then he handed them to the homeless man．The homeless man took them and stared at him with an open mouth．
man I do not know personally but whose actions gave a new meaning to the words — kind and generous．
I was walking down a busy street on a cold, windy day in early winter. A
Summary Writing
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文人物+时间+地点+事件（起因 narration +经过+结果）
描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象
√ 说明文
+性质功用+利好”；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
6. 主动句和被动句互换
Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.

上海高考概要写作summarywriting5(10篇,有解析)

Exercise 1A father’ s relationship to his child’ s current and future academic success and the level o her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with somerather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “ lifewith father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a childor lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study inLondon revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved inthose activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，fromthe time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the childrenof actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whoseonly involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role playedby fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major rolein parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of onlychild. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’ s and involvement with the children decreased.However, no matter what the size or financialcondition of the family ，a father’ s active participation in the child’ s development ma difference in the child’ s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child ’levels in math and reading, a father ’employments onnight shifts appeared to have little effect on the child ’academics progress. The information evaluating the level of the father ’parentings performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参照答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of thechild ’ s academic progress重点.( 1) As is suggested, the father’ s involvement with children w affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(重点 2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.( 重点3) Moreover, a father’frequents overnight absence had a bad effect on the child重点’ s4)progress.(剖析过程：试题详解1.中心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。

上海高考英语新题型Summary的解题技巧—教师版

高考英语新题型解题技巧一、知识讲解知识点1：Summary的概况I.概念: a short statement that gives the main information about something, without giving all the details.II.考查内容：Summary 综合考察学生获取文章主要信息的能力、归纳总结的能力、写作的能力。

文章主1）本题总分为10分，其中内容5分，语言5分。

（初定）2）评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

3）词数超过60，酌情扣分。

2.各档次给分要求：1）内容部分A.能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息B.能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。

C.能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。

D.未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。

E.几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。

2）语言部分A.能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

B.能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。

C.基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。

D.基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。

E.几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

1.知识点2：解题步骤I.Summary解题的关键在于用自己的话及有限的文字综述文章核心主旨，表达贯穿全文的大意，但切不可过于泛化。

此过程可分为三步：1.阅读，2.拟稿，3.定稿1.阅读A.标注文章段落或对文章进行分层。

B.给文章或Summary起一个标题, 一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想，避免偏题。

C.划出文章或段落主题句和关键词，并对重要部分进行简要概括。

2.拟稿A.对主题句进行修正，并使用适当连词将主题句、关键词和所概括的重要内容进行串联，组成完整的一篇Summary。

B.Summary尽量用自己的话完成，切不可加入个人观点或评论。

高中英语概要写作(summary)

概要写作（summary），就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，要从一篇350词以内的短文中提炼出60词左右的内容概要，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。

这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。

考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。

需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。

简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。

概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。

写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

我们该如何正确把握概要写作呢？下面以《考试说明》中概要写作的样题为例：首先通过阅读我们知道文章一共有4段，它按照时间的顺序、总-分的方式来陈述人们在不同时期对于“dirt”的不同观点，即Attitudes towards dirt have beenchanging over time。

文章第一段的第二句是全文的主旨，第二、三、四段都是在不同时期人们对于“dirt”的不同看法，基本可以确定attitudes、dirt和time为全文的关键词。

(完整版)上海高考Summary如何写

Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material。

It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste。

The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste， but also the box for the tube。

This box is put into a plastic wrapper。

Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary， landfills take up valuable space, often stink， and can leak harmful substances into the soil。

Landfills not included， the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991，Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this， the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons。

上海高考Summary如何能写

Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

上海高考Summary如何写

(完整版)上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing2(10篇,有解析)

【上海高考概要写作】summary writing4(10篇,有解析)

上海高考英语summary的要求

上海高中英语summary

上海高考Summary如何写

上海高考Summary如何写

上海高考英语summary技巧

2017-2020年上海高考英语概要写作Summary

2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing5(10篇,有解析)

上海高考英语概要写作

上海高考英语-概要写作summary_writing

上海高考概要写作summarywriting5(10篇,有解析)

上海高考英语新题型Summary的解题技巧—教师版

高中英语 概要写作(summary)

(完整版)上海高考Summary如何写

上海高考Summary如何能写

高中英语概要写作(summary)