Ireland爱尔兰
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The border between these two jurisdictions drawn up in 1920,the fault lines was constructed along the political and religious.
Geography,Land and Environment
The Celts
It is important to emphasize that Ireland already had quite a sophisticated civilization before the incursions which were to transform it radically:that of the Celts. The Celts had long dominated central and western Europe;for a brief period of glory they terrised Italy and Greece. Of all the legacies of the Celts,it is their language that has proved the most lasting.With the language,the Celts brought an instrument of social divisions.Along with their language,the celts also brought a legal system.Outside the family group,society was rigidly stratified.
As a results:
The traditional family farm,which has been the norm in Ireland for centuries,is dying enterprise.
Prehistory
The earliest settlers arrived around 7000 BC in the Mesolithic or middle Stone Age period. Rival colonialists of the Neolithic,or new Stone Age,period reached Ireland around 3000 BC. Within about another thousand years,around 2000 BC,prospectors and metalworkers arrived.They discovered deposits of gold. It is thought that a second wave of people reached Ireland around 1200 BC.
Geography,Land and Environment
The decline in water quality is the most noticeable,with an estimated 29% of rivers and 66% of lakes now degraded if not actually polluted. Greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generationg stations are among the highest in the EU. Over--development of many resorts has also led to a despoliation of many landscapes. Agriculture has also contributed to the same paradoxical situation,as the new methods of intensive farming have led to pollution of springs and lakes,and even to the water schemessubscribed to by thr farmers themselves.
Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14
Land,people and history Politics and Economy Irish Culture : How the Irish Live Now Irish Culture :Language,Literature and Arts
Population
The Ireland has a lone history.Because of the Great Famine,mostly emigration took place from the northern part of Ireland,known as the province of Ulster.
Population
Later migrations to the United States and Canada were entirely different in character.These migrants left Ireland as the result of the Great Famine(the years of 1845-1848,many people of Ireland literally starved to death,or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition). Before the Famine,two thirds of the Irishi population depended on agriculture for a living.For the most part,the rural Irish were poor,they owned nothing except the clothes on their backs and the food they could produce from small garden patches at the back of their cottages.
the younger sons of farmers ,seeking to better economic position These emigrants were had some education and a modest amount of money to start their new life. went on to become heads of families which were to become prominent in the political and economic
Geography,Land and Environment
In terms of native flora and fauna,Ireland has a smaller range than is found elsewhere in Europe. Today,there are only remnants of the old natural forest in the Killarney area,which indicates that the oak was originally interspersed with holly and birch trees,with ash,hazel,and yew growing in limestone areas. Traditionally,Ireland had a quite unspoiled landscape,mostly due to the comparative poverty of the country.
Unit11、Land, people and History
Geography,Land and Environment Population Prehistory The celts The Coming of Christianity The Middle Ages Early Modern Period The 18th Century Modern Ireland
Geography,Land and Environment
Ireland is a small island off the northwest coast of Great Britain,divided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water. 1、Northern Ireland----province is Great Britain IRELAND 2、Republic of Ireland ---- an independent nation in its own right (the name of Ireland belongs to it )
Geography,Land and Environment
In size,the island of Ireland is in total 84421 square kilometres.
Northern Ireland ----14139 square kilometres Republic of Ireland ----70282 square kilometres
Population
Mass starvation and Mass emigration A blight on potato crop The British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony. result The immediate result was a decimation of the population.
The climate changes little between summer and winter.Temperate climates together with frequent rain ensure that the grasslands flourish in all seasons and that snow and ice are rare.It is perfect for many domestic animals(such as cows and horses)and for growing grass. In terms of geographical elevations,the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer,with a large central lowland comprised of limestone with an occasional relief of hills which rise at the coastline in a discontinuous border of mountains which often slope precipitously into the sea.
Population
Because:
In the latest census,the average age of the population was 35.6 years. The last census(of 2008)recorded the higheFra Baidu bibliotekt number of births since records began in 1896. Most people in Ireland now live in large towns or cities.
Geography,Land and Environment
The Celts
It is important to emphasize that Ireland already had quite a sophisticated civilization before the incursions which were to transform it radically:that of the Celts. The Celts had long dominated central and western Europe;for a brief period of glory they terrised Italy and Greece. Of all the legacies of the Celts,it is their language that has proved the most lasting.With the language,the Celts brought an instrument of social divisions.Along with their language,the celts also brought a legal system.Outside the family group,society was rigidly stratified.
As a results:
The traditional family farm,which has been the norm in Ireland for centuries,is dying enterprise.
Prehistory
The earliest settlers arrived around 7000 BC in the Mesolithic or middle Stone Age period. Rival colonialists of the Neolithic,or new Stone Age,period reached Ireland around 3000 BC. Within about another thousand years,around 2000 BC,prospectors and metalworkers arrived.They discovered deposits of gold. It is thought that a second wave of people reached Ireland around 1200 BC.
Geography,Land and Environment
The decline in water quality is the most noticeable,with an estimated 29% of rivers and 66% of lakes now degraded if not actually polluted. Greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generationg stations are among the highest in the EU. Over--development of many resorts has also led to a despoliation of many landscapes. Agriculture has also contributed to the same paradoxical situation,as the new methods of intensive farming have led to pollution of springs and lakes,and even to the water schemessubscribed to by thr farmers themselves.
Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14
Land,people and history Politics and Economy Irish Culture : How the Irish Live Now Irish Culture :Language,Literature and Arts
Population
The Ireland has a lone history.Because of the Great Famine,mostly emigration took place from the northern part of Ireland,known as the province of Ulster.
Population
Later migrations to the United States and Canada were entirely different in character.These migrants left Ireland as the result of the Great Famine(the years of 1845-1848,many people of Ireland literally starved to death,or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition). Before the Famine,two thirds of the Irishi population depended on agriculture for a living.For the most part,the rural Irish were poor,they owned nothing except the clothes on their backs and the food they could produce from small garden patches at the back of their cottages.
the younger sons of farmers ,seeking to better economic position These emigrants were had some education and a modest amount of money to start their new life. went on to become heads of families which were to become prominent in the political and economic
Geography,Land and Environment
In terms of native flora and fauna,Ireland has a smaller range than is found elsewhere in Europe. Today,there are only remnants of the old natural forest in the Killarney area,which indicates that the oak was originally interspersed with holly and birch trees,with ash,hazel,and yew growing in limestone areas. Traditionally,Ireland had a quite unspoiled landscape,mostly due to the comparative poverty of the country.
Unit11、Land, people and History
Geography,Land and Environment Population Prehistory The celts The Coming of Christianity The Middle Ages Early Modern Period The 18th Century Modern Ireland
Geography,Land and Environment
Ireland is a small island off the northwest coast of Great Britain,divided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water. 1、Northern Ireland----province is Great Britain IRELAND 2、Republic of Ireland ---- an independent nation in its own right (the name of Ireland belongs to it )
Geography,Land and Environment
In size,the island of Ireland is in total 84421 square kilometres.
Northern Ireland ----14139 square kilometres Republic of Ireland ----70282 square kilometres
Population
Mass starvation and Mass emigration A blight on potato crop The British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony. result The immediate result was a decimation of the population.
The climate changes little between summer and winter.Temperate climates together with frequent rain ensure that the grasslands flourish in all seasons and that snow and ice are rare.It is perfect for many domestic animals(such as cows and horses)and for growing grass. In terms of geographical elevations,the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer,with a large central lowland comprised of limestone with an occasional relief of hills which rise at the coastline in a discontinuous border of mountains which often slope precipitously into the sea.
Population
Because:
In the latest census,the average age of the population was 35.6 years. The last census(of 2008)recorded the higheFra Baidu bibliotekt number of births since records began in 1896. Most people in Ireland now live in large towns or cities.