环境经济学翻译版

Comments on Question 3
• For question 3, I received a variety of answers, most of which were wrong. Since most students showed only their answers, not how they arrived at them, it was hard to give part credit; although I did give some credit just for trying, since the question is difficult. I will show you the answer on the blackboard.对于问题3,我收到了各种各样的答案,其中大部分是错误的。 因为大多数学生只显示他们的答案,而不是他们如何到达他们,很难给一部 分信贷;虽然我只是尝试给一些信用,因为这个问题是很困难的。我将向您 展示在黑板上的答案。
Homework Comments (Cont.)
• Other students gave answers to question 1 that are not perverse incentives. A perverse incentive works against the objectives of a policy. So if the policy’s objective is to reduce emissions, a perverse incentive would lead either to no reduction in emissions, or to an increase in emissions. A policy that is simply less effective than other possible policies is not a perverse incentive.其他学生给回答 问题1,不是不正当的动机。不正当的激励政策的目标工作。所以 如果这项政策的目标是减少排放,不正当的激励会导致要么没有减 少排放,或排放的增加。政策,只是效果低于其他可能的政策不是一 个反常的激励。
REVIEW
Chapter 1 – What Is Environmental Economics?
More Final Exam Information
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to bring your student I.D. card.
IRemember f you leave your student I.D. card in your dormitory, you must go back to get it. You must keep your student I.D. card on the desk in front of you during the examination. Remember to use the W.C. before the exam. You may not go out during the exam and return. 把你的学生身份证。IRemember f你离开你的学生身份证在你的宿舍,你 必须回去取它。你必须保持你的学生身份证在桌子上在你面前在考试。 记住要使用厕所考试前。你可能不出去在考试和回报。
REVIEW
Final Exam Rules
• You are not allowed to bring any materials to help you during the exam, including dictionaries. However, you may ask for help in understanding difficult English words. Mark your answers on the answer pages at the end of the exam. No credit will be given for any marks on the question pages. When you have finished, raise your hand, and allow a proctor to pick up your exam paper. 你是不允许带任何材料来帮助你在考试期间,包括字典。然而,你可以寻求帮 助理解困难的英语单词。马克你的答案回答页面最后的考试。没有任何痕 迹就可以得到问题的页面。当你已经完成了,请举手,让代理人接你的试卷。 • • •
• 许多学生引用直接从课本没有信贷给作者通过 使用引号。这叫做“剽窃”,这是一种知识不诚 实。我减少了你的成绩,如果你做到了这一点。
Homework Comments
• For question 1, many students gave perverse incentives that would apply to any emissions standard – or to a technology standard. I gave partial credit for these answers. But the question asked about perverse incentives applicable to a standard requiring emissions to be cut back by a certain percentage.对于问题1,许多 学生给了不正当的动机,将适用于任何排放标准或技术 标准。我给部分归功于这些答案。但问题问及反向激 励适用于标准要求由一定比例削减排放。
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Homework: A General Comment
• Many students quoted directly from the textbook without giving credit to the authors by using quotation marks. That is called ―plagiarism,‖ and it is a form of intellectual dishonesty. I reduced your grade if you did that.
Final Review
Environmental Economics
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
REVIEW
Homework
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Answer questions 1-3 on page 231 (English text).
Question 3 is about the total social cost (not marginal cost). Remember, social cost includes both damages and abatement costs, and total quantities are shown by areas under the curves. 问题3是关于社会总成本(边际成本)。记住,社会成本包括损害赔偿和 减排成本,和总数量由区域曲线显示。 In answering question 3, draw a graph like Figure 11-2, extend some of the lines, and label the areas.像图中绘制一个图形在回答问题3,近来, 扩展的一些行,标签等领域
Comments on Question 2
• For question 2, students generally did well. The two best answers would be: a technology standard, and a standard based on the residual content of the input. An ambient standard would not be a good choice, because that type of standard cannot be enforced directly. An ambient standard can only be enforced through an emission standard or a technology standard.对于问题2, 学生一般都做得很好。最好的两个答案是:一个技术标 准,一个标准的基于剩余内容的输入。环境标准将不会 是一个不错的选择,因为这类型的标准不能直接执行。 一个环境标准只能通过排放标准或技术标准执行。
More Final Exam Rules
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You may study together before the exam, but during the exam you must do your own work.
Students caught cheating must surrender their exam papers and receive a failure. NO CELL PHONES. If you are caught with a cell phone, we will assume that you are cheating. You will fail the exam. 你可能考试前一起学习,但是在考试期间你必须做好你自己的工作。 因考试作弊被抓住的学生必须交出他们的试卷和接收失败。没有手 机。如果你是用手机,我们将假设你是作弊。你会考不及格的。
Final Exam Information
• Coming NEXT WEEK (week of December 29).
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There will be 50 questions: 40 from the 2nd half of the semester, and 10 from the 1st half.
For 6 of them, you must write your answer in English. Other questions are multiple-choice or true/false. Each multiple-choice question has only one correct answer. The correct one is the best of the choices. 将有50个问题:40从第二学期的一半,一半从1和10。 6,你必须用英语写你的答案。 其他问题是多项选择题或真或假。 每一个选择题的问题只有一个正确答案。正确的一个是最好的选择。
More Homework Comments
• The best answer to question 1 is in a footnote at the bottom of page 226: ―If polluters realize that they will be subject to an equiproportionate cutback in the future, it is better for them to increase their base now by increasing their emissions. When the cutback is imposed, they will be able to emit higher amounts than they would have[,] had they not inflated their base.‖最 好的对问题1的回答是226页的底部脚注:―如果污染者意 识到他们将受到一个equiproportionate减少在未来,现 在是更好的为他们增加基础通过增加的排放量。减少 时,他们将能够释放量高于他们会[,]不夸大他们的基 础。”