中学英语语法专项复习：分词及动名词专项练习(附答案)

分词
分词作宾语补足语。

1．现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。

在5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。

，此外find, catch, keep, have
.I heard a girl crying next door.
I heard someone knocking at the door.
He kept me waiting for a long time.
I saw Tom entering the room.
I found my key lost.
I found the boy beaten black and blue.
He made himself understood.
John will get his room painted.
Exercises1:
1) I heard my name ________________ ( call).
2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) .
3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake.
4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut).
5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday.
ExercisesII:
141. She was glad to see her child well __________.
A. take care of
B. taken care of
C. taken care
D. taking care of
142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________.
A. boiling
B. boiled
C. from boiling
D. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________.
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. speak
D. being spoken
145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help.
A. shouting
B. shout
C. shouted
D. having shouted
146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________.
A. jumping
B. beating
C. bumping
D. knocking
147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.”
A. burning
B. is burning
C. having burnt
D. burn
148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time?
A. ran
B. to be running
C. running
D. being running
149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________.
A. filling
B. having been filled
C. filled
D. full
150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________.
A. those letters mailed
B. mailed letters
C. to mailed those letters
D. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know.
A. looked up
B. looking in
C. to look up
D. look at
153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children?
A. doing
B. to do
C. done
D. did
154. They wanted the work _______with great care. A. to have done B. to be done C. doing D. to do 155. I need this chapter _______ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again
156. Having read the Emperor’s New Clothes, we all found it __________.
A. interest
B. interested
C. interesting
D. to interest
157. When she returned home, she found the window open and something __________.
A. to steal
B. losing
C. missed
D. stolen
158. My hometown is found __________.
A. complete changing
B. having completely changed
C. completely change
pletely changed 159. We found many people __________ in the meeting room.
A. seat
B. seating
C. to seat
D. seated
160. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _________.
A. being heard
B. heard
C. hearing
D. hear
161. Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself _________.
A. understand
B. be understood
C. understood
D. understanding
162. Don’t let him __________ you __________ for a long time.
A. to make, wait
B. make, to wait
C. make, wait
D. to make, to wait
163. He kept me __________ for many hours.
A. to wait
B. having been waited
C. waiting
D. waited
164. Mother caught the boy _____in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 165. John left his coat __________ on the sofa.. A. laying B. lying C. laid D. lain
答案：141-145 BACBA 146-150 BACCC151-155 ACCBB
156-160 CDDDB161-165 CCCCB
分词做状语
主动被动
1) 一般式writing being written
2) 完成式having written having been written
1. Feeling tired, Tom went to bed early.
2. Not wanting to wake her, Steve left the house silently
3. Having finished his homework, he went out.
4. Asked by my mother, I was eager to help her solve the snake problem.
5. Having been told many times, she still can’t remember it.
6. Given more time, I can do it better
现在分词或分词短语做状语时,也可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况等.其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致,有时with\without +名词或代词宾格+分词也可以表示伴随状况如: While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间)
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. (方式)
He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.(伴随)
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。

如:
Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking .
注意:如果是否定句,not 一般放在句首,如:
Not having received his reply, he decided to write again.
分词做状语时有时可在其前面加上while、when 、if 、even if 、although 、once、unless等连词,使用何种分词仍然取决于与主语的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词.如:
While staying in Beijing , I visited some of my friends .
Unless invited, I will not attend his party.
Although working very hard, he couldn't satisfy his boss.
分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，一般来说,句子的主语应是分词的逻辑主语,不然,就会出现不一致的情况但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。

如
误: Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.
正: Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
正: When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes
Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.
例如：_____________ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing
B. Having heard
C. When hearing
D. When she heard
答案Ｄ当句子主语不能充当分词的逻辑主语时，应用独立主格结构或状语从句．
不过,英语中也有一些分词,其逻辑主语不是句子的主语,它们已变成固定词组,表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度。

如:
Strictly speaking, his answer is wrong.
Judging from / by his accent, he is from America.
Time permitting , I will pay a visit to my English teacher.
Supposing (=Suppose) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
Considering the absence of the chairman, we decided to delay the meeting.
Talking of Jim, have you heard that he's getting married?
Exercises
1. If you turn to the left, you will find the hotel.
________________________, you fill find the hotel.
2. Because the report was written in a hurry, it has a lot of mistakes.
____________________, the report has a lot of mistakes.
3. After she had washed the dishes, she put them in the dish dryer.
_______________________, she put them in the dish dryer.
4. As he didn't know where to go, he stayed home.
______________________________, he stayed home.
5. I was frightened by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening.
__________________________________, I went to see what was happening.
Fill in the blanks
Eg. Followed by the teacher ,the students entered the classroom.
Following the teacher ,the students entered the classroom.
1.______________ (see) from the mountain ,I can see my hometown.
2.______________ (see) from the mountain ,my hometown looks very beautiful.
3._________________ (look) at the questions in the test paper, I found them totally strange to me.
4._______________(know) her address, I am not able to contact her.
5._________________ (see) the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema.
6._________________ (follow) by her students, the English teacher came into the classroom.
7._____________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
1.过去分词作原因状语
Greatly inspired by the teacher's words,I have made up my mind to work to English even harder。

在老师的鼓励下，我决心更加努力地学习英语。

Greatly moved by the film, they all cried.
他们看了那部电影深受感动，都哭了。

Surrounded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.
身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。

2.过去分词作状语，表示伴随情况或方式。

The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.
训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。

He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.
他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。

Filled with extraordinary strength, he raised himself.
他使出全身的力气站了起来。

3.过去分词做条件状语
Given much time, we could do it better.
多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。

4.过去分词做时间状语
When heated, ice can be changed into water.
冰加热时变成水。

过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,本身有被动的含义,所以只有一般式,没有完成式.值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。

这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost （迷路）；seated （坐）；hidden （躲）；stationed （驻扎）；lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）；born （出身于）；dressed in （穿着）；tired of （厌烦）。

Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。

Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它
分词做定语
1 ) The house built last year is very large.
2) The Olympic Games, first played (比赛)in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET 1997)
3) The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 99)
4) The key to solving the problem is too meet the demand made by the customers.
Exercises:
1) I heard my name ________________ ( call).
2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) .
3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake.
4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut).
5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday.
(79)1. I'm going to have my radio _________.
A. fixed
B. to fix
C. fix
D. fixing
(80)2. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air___against your face.
A. moved
B. moving
C. moves
D. to move
(83)3. What's the language _________ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
(84)4. ___ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed by
(85)5. This sentence needs_____
A. an improvement
B. improve
C. improving
D. improved
(85)6. "There's a hole in your bag." "l know. I am going to have it_____."
A. mend
B. mending
C. mended
D. to be mended
(86)7. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday.
A. to break
B. broken
C. break
D. breaking
(87)8. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
(89)41. "Good morning. Can I help you?" "I'd like to have this package_____, madam."
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
(90)9. Most of the artists_____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
(90)44. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
(91)10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
(93)11. The computer centre, _____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
(94)12. The first textbooks_____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
(96)13. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
(97)14. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
98)15. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
(2001)16. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
2002上海)17. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
(2002上海)18. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed
(2002春招)19. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
(2002上海春招)20. When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
(2002广东)21. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
(2003全国)22. ______ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
(2003上海)23. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
(2003上海)24. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______.
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving 2003上海春招)25. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
(2003上海春招)26. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept
27. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海）
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
28. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海）
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
29. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II）
A introducing
B introduced
C introduce
D being introduced
30. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when___ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV）
A questioning
B have questioned
C questioned
D to be questioned
31. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ? （04上海春季）
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
32. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing.
（04上海春季） A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
33. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (05北京卷)
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid
动名词
动名词有两种时态和语态
1.一般式(doing)：表示动名词中的动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生，或者没明确时间先后。

典例：This public advert encourages people to participate in protecting animals. (主动)
这个公益广告鼓励人们参与保护动物。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted. (被动)
我们必须阻止空气被污染。

2.完成式(having done)：表示动名词动作发生在谓语动作之前。

典例：I remember having read “Gone with the Wind” before. (主动)
我记得以前读过《乱世佳人》这本书。

I remember having been taken to Beijing before. (被动)
我记得以前我被带到北京(去玩)过。

(二)动名词的否定结构，not doing，not前还可再加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

典例：He will be punished for not obeying the order.他将由于不服从命令而受罚。

His not coming to school today made his teacher very angry.今天他没来上学，这使得老师非常生气。

(三)动名词的复合结构：在动名词前加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，这种结
构作宾语时，可用代词宾格代替形容词性物主代词，名词所有格可变成普通格(即省去’s)
Can you imagine man living on the moon? 你能想象到人类在月球生活的情景吗？
(四)动名词的功能
1.作主语
动名词作主语，谓语单数记心里。

动名词结构杂且长，常用it来担当。

典例：Using celebrities in advert can make new products sold well. 在广告中使用名人可以使新产品销售良好。

Improving the people’s living standards is the government’s central duty. 提高人民生活是政府的中心任务。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔没有用的。

特别注意：no use, no good作补语时，后边也用动名词。

2.作宾语
巧记：下列各动词作宾语：
情况都考虑，还是无兴趣；抵不住诱惑，忍不住、冒险、尝试、去逃避；却遭到禁止、许可和推迟，否定、介意提建议；最后头脑清醒时，承认任务没完成，做了一件大傻事。

妙解：上述叙述中含有下列动词，可接动名词作宾语：consider, dislike, feel like, enjoy, appreciate, escape, avoid, resist(抵抗), can’t help(禁不住), can’t stand(忍不住), can’t bear(忍不住), risk, forbid, allow, permit, delay(耽搁), deny(否认), mind, suggest, admit(承认)。

典例：I much appreciate your giving me the chance. 我非常感激你给我这次机会。

He admitted having broken the window. 他承认他打烂了玻璃窗。

The thief escaped being caught by the police.小偷逃脱了警察的抓捕。

3.作表语
巧记：动名作表－特点，主语表语可互换。

妙解：动名词作表语时，主语常是无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句，主语常可以与表语对换位置，但在进行时态中的现在分词不能与主语对换位置。

典例：Any commercial purpose is creating wealth. 商业的目的就是创造财富。

What he likes most is playing computer games. 他最喜欢的事情是打电脑游戏。

Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。

Their pastime is going to movies. 他们的消遣是看电影。

Her favourite sport is skiing.她最喜欢的运动是滑雪。

One of her duties is keeping the department files.她的任务之一是管理部门的档案。

Seeing is believing. （谚）眼见为实。

4.作定语
巧记：动名词可作定，表示用途和作用。

妙解：动名词作定语表示用途，而现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行或性质特征。

典例：Let’s do a guessing game. 咱们做一个猜字游戏吧。

I like swimming in that swimming pool. 我喜欢在那个游泳池里游泳。

5.使用动名词的短语或句型
(1)介词to短语后
典例：be used to(习惯于)，look forward to (盼望)，pay attention to(注意)，devote…to(献身于)，be devoted to(致力于)，get down to(着手)，turn to(开始)，prefer doing A to doing B , lead to(导致，引起) , admit to(承认，常用于被动)，in addition to(除……之外还)，see to(注意做到，处理)。

agree to(同意做法、观点等)，stick to(坚持)，similar to(与……相似)，be accustomed to (习惯于)，object to(反对)，refer to(参考)，come near to(几乎要),get close to(接近，几乎要)。

(2)其它短语或介词后
典例：give up (放弃)，put off (推迟)，insist on (坚持)，persist in(坚持，多表示固执)，depend on（依靠），rely on（依靠），think about（考虑），care about（关心），set about（着手），go about(着手），take up（从事，开始干），feel like（想要做），be worth（值得），be worthy of (值得)，thank you for, be gratefu （感激）to sb for , be thankful to sb for, apologize to sb for（因……而向某人道歉），make an apology to sb for, criticize sb for（批评），blame sb for(责备)，scold sb for（责备），punish sb for（惩罚），praise sb for（表扬），excuse sb for(原谅)，be busy , keep busy ,、spend money / time (in) , waste money / time (in), have trouble / problem / difficulty( in ), have fun in (玩得开心)。

(3)六种句型
①No加动名表不行
No Spitting here.禁止吐痰。

No parking here. 禁止停车。

①There is no 动名表示不可能
There’s no knowing where they have gone .无法知道他们去哪里了。

There’s no stopping of him. 谁也无法阻止他。

①It’s no good / use加动名，表示做事情没有好处、没有用。

It’s no use crying over split milk. 为已发生而无法补救的事而懊悔是没用的。

①It’s a waste of time / money 加动名，表示已经浪费记心中。

It’s a waste of money buying those books too much for you.买了那些你看不懂的书简直是浪费金钱。

①go加动名室外行
My mother often goes shopping on Sunday. 我妈妈常常周日去购物。

①do加动名室内行
We often do some cleaning on Sunday. 我们常常在周日大扫除。

下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情
try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
1.Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined
B. to have been fined
C. to be fined
D.being fined
2. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.
A. to have heard
B. to hear
C. for hearing
D. hearing
3. The thief took away the woman's wallet without____.
A. being seen
B. seeing
C. him seeing
D. seeing him
4. People appreciate ____wit him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4
1998,1) A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. have working
5. I've enjoyed ____ to talk with you.
A. to be able
B. being able
C. to been able
D. of being able
6. No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.
A) to be influenced B) being influenced C) influencing D)having influence
7. They are considering ____ before the prices go up.
A. of buying the house
B. with buying the house
C. buying the house
D. to buy the house
8. He thought that ____.
A. the effort doing the job was not worth
B. the effort was not worth in doing the job
C. it was not worth the effort doing the job
D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job
9. If I had remembered ____ the door, the things would not have been stolen.
A. to lock
B. locking
C. to have locked
D.shavings locked
10. Your shirt needs ____. You'd better have it done today.
A. iron
B. to iron
C. ironing
D. being ironed
11. You can't help ____ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another.
A. to hear
B. to be heard
C. hearing
D. with hearing
12. My transistor radio isn't working. It ____.
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing
D. need to be repaired
13. It is no use ____ me not to worry.
A. you tell
B. your telling
C. for you to have told
D.shavingstold
14. He is very busy ____ his papers. He is far too busy ____ callers.
A. to write...to receive
B. writing...to receive
C.writing...receiving
D. to write...for receiving
15. The suspect at last admitted ____ stolen goods but denied ____ them.
A. receiving...selling
B. to receive...to sell
C. to receiving...to selling
D. to have received...to have sold
16. She apologized for ____ to come.
A. her not being able
B. her being not able
C. not being able
D. that she's not able to
17. I really appreciate ____ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.
A. you to offer
B. that you offer
C. your offering
D. that you are offering
18. Please stop ____, boys, I have something important to ____ you.
A. saying ...talk
B. telling ... say
C. talking ...speak
D. talking ... tell
19. Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty ____ his tape recorder?
A. to fix
B. fixing
C. for fixing
D. fix
20."Why isn't Nancy going to meet us?""It's my fault. I forgot all about ____ her."
A. telephoning to
B. to telephone
C. to telephone to
D. the telephoning to
21."Why were you late?""I had a hard time ____ up this morning."
A. to get
B. get
C. got
D. getting
22. I remember ____ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A. once offering
B. him once offering
C. him to offer
D. to offer him
23. John regretted ____ to the meeting last week.
A. not going
B. not to go
C. not been going
D. not to be going
24) It is difficult to get used ____ in a tent after a soft, comfortable bed to lie on.
A. sleep
B. to sleeping
C. slept
D. to sleep
25. He gives people the impression ____ many poems.
A. of written
B. to have written
C. of being written
D.to write
26. Do you feel like ____ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home?
A. going...to have
B. to go...to have
C. to go...having
D. going...have
27. Prior to ____ the formal speech, first he will introduce himself.
A. delivering
B. deliver
C.being delivering
D. being delivered
28.I don't mind ____ by bus, but I hate ____ in queues.
A. to travel...standing
B. traveled...standing
C. traveling...to stand
D. traveling...standing
29. What about ____ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go____ next week.
A. buying...to shop
B. buy...shopping
C.buying...shopping
D.to buy...shopping
30. We had some trouble ____ the house and nobody seemed ____ where it was.
A. in finding...knowing
B. finding...to know
C. to find...knowing
D. to find...to know
31) We can't imagine ____ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.
A).she succeeding B. her succeeding C. she succeed D. her to succeed
动名词部分练习题答案：
1)D 2)D 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)B 7)C 8)C 9)A 10)C
11)C 12)C 13)B 14)B 15)A 16)A 17)C 18)D 19)B 20)A
21)D 22)B 23)A 24)B 25)C 26)D 27)A 28)D 29)C 30)B
31)B 32)A 33)A 34)B 35)A 36)A 37)C 38)A 39)D 40)C
41)D 42)C 43)C 44)B 45)A 46)A 47)C 48)A 49)C 50)C。