托福阅读长句解析(带翻译)

1.

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．

(定语后置in some ways…)

由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语

the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句

in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans

整个句子结构是：

原因状语+主句+后置定语

这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．

(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)

要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War．

本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.

3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．

(同位语从句claims that…)

本句的主句结构是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。

同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康

本句的机构是主句内部嵌套一个同位语从句，

结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。

4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like．

(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly．

(同位语从句fact that…)

南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得不太重要。

6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl．(宾语从句what we now know as)

现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。

7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．

(Of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)

但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。

8.Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out．

(同位语从句rumors that…)

当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。

9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century．

(同位语a supremacy)

17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。

10．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century,