英汉互译第四单元 句法翻译-ppt

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

五、缩句译法



所谓缩句译法,就是根据原文的逻辑关系和译文 的语言习惯,把原文中的一个句子紧缩成译文中 的另一个句子的组成部分。一般情况下,我们把 原文上下文相对次要的句子紧缩成相对主要的句 子的组成部分,大多紧缩成状语,也有一部分紧 缩成定语或同位语乃至主语。 1. It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end. 1945年4月,第二次世界大战已接近尾声。 (缩为状语)



二、断句译法



把一些长句断开来翻译就叫断句译法。 1. It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job. 从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的。// 然而,从书中学得知识并把这些知识运用到实践 中去就决不是那么简单的事情。 (拆开并例句)

一、换序译法

She teaches us French every morning. (×She every morning teaches us French.) (状语换序)


8.会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。 The meeting ended in disagreement. (×The meeting didn’t achieve agreement and ended.) (状语换序)
三、转句译法


2. After an hour, the trail took them by a low, spreading tree strung thickly with beads. (Alex Haley:Roots) 走了一个时辰光景,他们走到了一颗矮矮的枝繁 叶茂的树旁,树上密密麻麻地挂满了念珠。 (定语转句) 3. He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.
二、断句译法

2.It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton. (W.M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 老太太问她明不明白对她说话的不是别人,是平克 顿小姐。// 这话毫无效力。)(拆开名词从句) 3. It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。//这一点是 可以肯定的。



四、合句译法


3. 袭人之母也早迎了出来。// 袭人拉了宝玉进去。 (曹雪芹: 《红楼梦》,第十九回) By now Xiren’s mother had come out to greet him too, and Xiren led Baoyu in. 4. 笛声止了。//远远地起了拍掌声和欢笑声。 (巴金:《家》) The flute stopped, and in the distance there was applause and laughter.
四、合句译法

1.Darkness fell. // An explosion shook the earth. // It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降落时,一声爆炸震动了大地,可并没有动 摇他上前线的决心。 2. She is very busy at home. // She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 她在家很忙,又要看好孩子,又要下厨。


正在这当儿,那条大鱼突然把船扯得晃荡了一下, //老头儿给拖得倒向船头那边去。 (拆开定语从句) 5. After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admirers backstage as he always does.

2. Formerly a worker himself, he was now an engineer. 他过去是工人,现在当了个工程师了。 (×这是很好的你想得这样周到。) (同位语从句换序) 3. Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.


五、缩句译法



4.黛玉又忙倒茶,一面又使眼色与宝玉。宝玉会 意,便走了出来。(曹雪芹:《红楼梦》,第五 十二回) Daiyu ordered tea, glancing at Baoyu as she did so. Taking the hint, he went out of the room. (缩为状语)
Fra Baidu bibliotek


四、合句译法


5. 讲动武,祥子不能打个老人,也不能打个姑娘。 //他的力量没地方用。(老舍:《骆驼祥子》) It was impossible for Xiangzi to hit an old man or a woman, so there was nowhere for him to use his strength.

一、换序译法

他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路 上顺利舒适。 (×乐观、能干、热情,他们总是想方设法使你 一路上顺利舒适。) (状语换序) 4. Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 今天,我们国家空前团结。
二、断句译法


他在那个城市演唱了一场音乐会。音乐会结束以 后,他提出要像往常一样到后台去见见他的崇拜 者。 (拆开状语从句)
三、转句译法




英语中的一个用作状语或定语的词组,或者名词词 组,经常包含丰富的语义。我们不得不把这个词组 (有时甚至是单词)转译成汉语中的一个句子。汉 译英时亦然。这种翻译技巧称为转词成句。 1. Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassen’s firm handshake. (W. Manchester: The Glory and the Dream) 史塔生紧紧和他握手,尼克松对这一点印象很深刻。 (逻辑主语转句)



一、换序译法

6. 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。 The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. (× The always watching pupils started to applaud.) (定语从句换序) 7. 她每天早上教我们法语。


三、转句译法


他感到习语是语言的支柱,因此特别主张用生动 的短语,他的想法是非常正确的。 (定语转句)


4. I tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Helen Keller: The Story of My Life) 我想把这些碎片拼在一起,可是拼不起来。 (状语转句)
第四单元
句子翻译
一、换序译法


翻译时根据译文的语言习惯,对原文的词序进行 调整,使译文做到最大程度上的通顺,这就是换 序译法。 1. It’s good you are so considerate. 你想得这样周到是很好的。 (×这是很好的你想得这样周到。)(主语从句 语序)
一、换序译法
五、缩句译法


2. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫。 (缩为定语) 3. Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 她的父亲,二次大战中的一个杀人凶手,竟当上 了这个城市的市长。(缩为同位语)


六、转态译法


4. The secretary was aware that final decisions must be held open for the president. 国务卿心中有数,最后的决定必须由总统来做。
三、转句译法


5. “It’s very bad, madam, obviously.” (Herman Wouk: The Winds of War) “情况很不好,夫人,这是很明显的。” (插入语转句)
四、合句译法

一般来说,英语句子要比汉语句子长,一个英语 句子要比一个汉语句子具有更大的容量。因此, 我们在汉译英时有必要、也有可能把两个或者两 个以上的汉语句子翻译成一个英语句子。比较口 语化的英语句子也比较短,我们在英译汉使也经 常要用合句译法,把两个或者两个以上的英语句 子翻译成一个汉语句子。这就是合句译法。
六、转态译法

所谓转态译法,就是在翻译过程中把原文中的被 动语态转换为译文中的主动语态,或把原文中的 主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。一般情况下, 无论是书面语,还是口头语中,英语比汉语用更 多的被动语态。 1. New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans. 新西兰不知道这件事,也没人同它商讨过这些传 闻的计划。



二、断句译法


(拆开名词从句) 4. Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow. (Ernest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea)




一、换序译法

(×从来没有以前我们国家……) (倒装句换序) 5. 发生了这样的事不是你的错。 It is not your fault that this has happened. (×That this has happened is not your fault. ) (这样翻译过于正规,在文体上与原文不符。) (主语从句换序)


六、转态译法

2. It was reported that Yugoslavian President Tito told a Soviet envoy to “go to hell”. 据报道,南斯拉夫总统铁托叫一位苏联使者“别 胡诌”。 3. The visitor was flattered and impressed. 这位客人受宠若惊,深为感动。
一、换序译法

9. He witnessed ①the sixth ②post-war ③economic crisis ④of serious consequence ⑤that prevailed in various fields ⑥in the USA. 他亲眼目睹了⑥美国②战后①第六次④后果严重 的⑤波及各领域的③经济危机。 (英语原文定语的词序:①次第定语、 ②时间定语、 ③本质性定语、中心词、 ④判断性定语、 ⑤陈述 性定语、 ⑥国别定语; 汉语译文定语的词序:⑥国别定语、②时间定语、 ①次第定语、④判断性定语、⑤陈述性定语、③ 本质性定语、中心词)
相关文档
最新文档