语法一致形式

主谓一致 丰泽中学 姜文生
在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和 形式一致 数上保持一致，这就是所谓的“主谓一 意义一致 致”。寻其规律，大致可归纳为 语法一致原则—— 逻辑意义一致原则—— 就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则(形式上一致) 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语单、 复数形式上保持一致。 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。
what 从句是一个带有复数意义的 并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I say and do is (are) helpful for you. 我所说的所做的对你是有帮助的。
Between the two hills stands a monument 这座纪念碑矗立在两座小山之间。
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班的同学就班长人选未达成一致。 Class 4 is on the third floor. 四班在三楼。
• 4、名词所有格之后名词被省略的情况， 一般指工厂、住宅等做主语，一般用 单数谓语动词，常见的省略结构有the doctor’s,the baker’s,the barber’s, • the carpenter’s,the zhang’s等。
more than a(an)/ one, many a (an)修饰时, 其谓语动词要用 单数形式。 Many a worker has succeeded in the experiment. 在这次试验中，许多工人和工程师 取得了成功。 More than one student is here. 不只一个学生在这儿。
I don’t think physics is easy to study. 我认为物理难学。 6.复数形式的单、复数同形的名词 作主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决 于句子的意思。谓语动词用单数， 表示单数概念；谓语动词用复数，表示 复数概念。这类名词主要有means(方式、 方法), works（工厂）, species（种类）等
注意：如果是more+名词的复数+than one这一结构时，后面的谓语动词要用 复数形式。 More students than one are here. 很多学生都在这儿。
Neither of the two sentences is correct . Everything around us is matter . (注意：none , neither, all ,any作主语时， 谓语可用单数，也可用复数， 具体取决于说话人的意思。) None of them owns/own a car . Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography. All are here. All that can be done has been done.
• • • •
用how much 提问则谓语采用单数 How many提问则谓语采用复数 How much is eight divided by two? How many are two times two ?
• 在“one of+复数名词who/which/that ” 引导的定语从句中关系代词 who/which/that 的先行词是靠近它的复 数名词，因此从句的动词应采用复数，而 当the (only) one of+复数名词 who/which/that ”引导的定语从句中关系 代词who/which/that 的先行词one,因此 从句的动词应采用单数 • This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. • She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary . No sound and no voice is heard for a long time . Each pen and each paper is found in its place. 纸和笔散落一地。
Mr. Green, together with a baby was on the bus. 格林先生和一个孩子在车上。
5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的 谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的 成员，其谓语动词用复数形式。people, police, cattle, 等名词都多用作复数。 The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
(注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所 指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。) What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines
What she said is very important for us all. 她的话对我们都很重要。
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用 单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 E-mail, as well as telephone, is playing an important part in daily communication. 邮件和电话在日常交往中起着重要的作 用。
4.算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单
数看待，其谓语动词常用单数形式。 Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 56除以8等于7。 5.一些以 -ics结尾的学科名词如 mathematics, politics, physics 等, 都是 形式上的复数名词，实际上却为不可数名 词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数 形式。
The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month . Bread and butter is my usual breakfast
• 不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名
词即使有and连接多个并列主语。而谓 语动词仍然采用单数。 • Each man and each woman wants to know the thing.
如果主语是由“a kind of, a series(a species) of等+名词”构成，谓语动词 通常用单数形式。 Is this kind of bicycle made in Shanghai? 这种自行车是由上海制造的吗? 但是bicycles of this kind 或these kinds of bicycles作主语时后面的谓语 动词要用复数形式。 Books of this kind sell well. 这种书销售的好。
e.g. That it keeps raining the tourists.
e.g. To be praised thing.
is
worries
(worry)
(be) a happy
e.g. When and where to hold the meeting _____ (have) not been decided. has
Are any of you good at English? 你们都擅长英语吗？ All that can be done has been done. 该做的都做了。
2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值” 等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词 通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的 名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 这活三十分钟足够了。
• this kind of men谓语用单数 =men if this kind谓语用复数 =these kinds of men谓语用复数
如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应 为复数。 There are many kinds of pears. 梨有很多种。
二、逻辑意义一致原则---意义一致 意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主 语的意义一致。（因有时主语形式为单 数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数， 但意义为单数） 1.what, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复 数，主要靠意思来决定。
To say something is one thing , to do it is another . “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .
e.g. Growing flowers needs constant watering.
而有些集体名词如family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待， 主要根据意思来确定。 My family was here two years ago. 两年前，我家搬到了这儿。 My family aren’t enjoying music. 我们家人都不喜欢音乐。
由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合 成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 当男女孩孩和听到这个消息后，都惊呆了。
①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人 或物时，它后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。 Our teacher and friend is Mr. Li.
6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of, the rest of+名词” 构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名 词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词 的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面的34是由水覆盖。
•the number of +可数名词复数， The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请了50人但一些因不同原因缺席。
the amount of+不可数名词， the quantity of +可数名词复数/不可数名 词,构成主语谓语采用单数。 而quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数名 词. Large amounts of +不可数名词,构成主 语谓语采用复数。 Large quantities of money were spent on the bridge. 建这座大桥花了很多钱。
Five minutes is enough . Four hundred francs is a lot of money .
3.若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、 报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动 词通常用单数形式。 The United States is smaller than China. 美国比中国小。 4.表示数量的短语“one and a half ” 后边接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要 用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。