第四版英语翻译

第五单元 英译汉
1. Men were certainly found to be no more likely than women to discuss "important" or "highbrow" subjects such as politics, work, art and cultural matters—except (and this was a striking difference) when women were present.
研究发现，男人并没有比女人花更多的时间去谈论诸如政治、工作、艺术和文化事务等“重要”或“高雅”的话题——除非有女人在场（女人在场时情况会有明显的不同）。
2. Despite these findings, the myth is still widely believed, particularly among males, that men spend their conversations "solving the world's problems", while the womenfolk gossip in the kitchen.
即便如此，让人费解的是人们，尤其是男性，仍然普遍认为男人交谈是“解决世界问题”，而女人们则是在厨房里闲聊。
3. The English women I interviewed all agreed that a particular tone of voice was considered appropriate for gossip.
我访谈的英国女性一致认为八卦时应使用特定的语调。
4. Females also stressed the importance of detail in the telling of gossip, and again bemoaned the shortcomings of males in this matter, claiming that men "never know the details".
女性还非常注重八卦时细节的重要性，并再次抱怨男性在这方面的不足，声称男人“永远不知道细节”。
5. The unwritten rules of English gossip etiquette do allow men to express shock or surprise when they hear a particularly juicy bit of gossip, but it is understood that a suitable expletive conveys such surprise in a more acceptably masculine fashion.
英国人八卦礼仪的不成文的规则确实允许男性在听到绘声绘色的八卦时表示出震惊或惊讶，但人们认为用一句恰当的脏话表达这种惊讶更容易让人接受，也更男人。

汉译英
1. 与传统的观念相反，男性之间也是说闲话的，只是他们说闲话的方式与女性不同而已。(contrary to)
Contrary to traditional views, males also gossip; they only gossip in different ways from females.
2. 女性能够准确地把握生活中的细节，而男性往往对细节不太在意。(grasp; while)
Females can accurately grasp the details in life, while males are usually careless about them.
3. 目前，全国女公务员人数约占公务员总数的三分之一。(civil servants; account for)
At present, women civil servants account for one third of the country's total.
4. 这篇论文大致讨论的是女性与男性的思维方式有巨大的差别。(what-clause; to the effect that)
What the essay argues is to the effect that the female way of thinking is very different from the male.
5. 最近的一项调查显示，家务占用了女性大约50%的业余时间。(housework; occupy)
A recent survey revealed that housework occupies about 50 per cent of women's spare time

第六单元英译汉

1. I've never seen him face on, but I do know that strangely, although we're identical, we're t

he exact opposite of each other, with my front door facing east and my neighbor's facing west, my bedroom in the back over his kitchen, my kitchen under his bedroom in the front.
我从未和他正面相视，但我知道，虽然我们的房屋结构完全一样，但是方向却正好相反——我的正门朝东而邻居的正门朝西，我的卧室在后面，下面是他的厨房，而他的卧室在前面，下面是我的厨房，这真是很奇怪。
2. Soon there were children to look after too, first a girl, who smiled happily and slept deeply, and then a boy with powerful lungs, who kept us all awake.
没过多久，又有孩子要照顾了。先是一个笑得开心、睡得很酣的女孩，然后是一个肺活量大得可以把我们所有人都吵醒的男孩。
3. At first it was no more than the sound of metal scraping along the street every hour or so, but over the years, the road became busier, and soon there were lines of buses and cars crawling past and waiting at the crossroads.
最初只是每隔一小时左右沿街有金属剐蹭的声音。但年复一年，道路越来越繁忙。又过了不久，街道上就出现了成排的公共汽车和轿车，缓慢地行驶着，或者等在十字路口。
4. He wasn't a young man, and had trouble moving around, walking very slowly, using his hands to steady himself, sometimes stopping to catch his breath.
他已经上了年纪，所以行动不便，走起路来非常迟缓，要借助双手来保持平稳，有时还要停下来喘口气。
5. Even the neighborhood isn't what it used to be, full of loud music and shouting late at nights, and frankly the traffic is impossible to live with.
甚至连周边也不再是以前的样子了，深夜还有很响的音乐声和叫喊声。坦率地说，这里的交通简直让人无法忍受。

汉译英

1. 远处有一座白色的房子，让我想起我孩提时的家。(in the distance + inversion)
In the distance is a white house, which reminds me of my home when I was a child.
2. 他习惯了乡下自由自在的生活，住在没有庭院的冷冰冰的大楼里让他难以忍受。(be used to; leisurely; live with)
He is used to the leisurely life of the countryside. To live in a cold building without a yard is something he feels hard to live with.
3. 坦率地说，我很喜欢这座老房子。虽然条件简朴了些，但让人感觉温暖。(to be frank)
To be frank, I like the old house very much. Despite its simple conditions, it gives people a feeling of warmth.
4. 她不愿意搬到市中心去，因为在郊区有很多陪伴她的朋友。(downtown; suburb; keep ... company)
She doesn't want to move to the downtown because in the suburbs she has many friends who keep her company.
5. 这里曾是一个花园，每年春天鲜花盛开，非常美丽。(used to be; blossom)
There used to be a garden here with beautiful flowers blooming in spring.

第七单元 英译汉

1. UK exports

to China are expected to multiply by four times by the end of the decade, and its government wants every school, college and university to be twinned with an equivalent institution in China.
英国对中国的出口额预计十年后将增长四倍，所以英国政府希望英国的每所学校、学院和大学都要和中国相应的院校建立合作关系。
2. With the importance of English as an international language set to decline over the next 40 years, it's not surprising that this fall is matched by a rise of interest in learning Chinese.
未来40年，随着英语作为国际语言的重要性逐渐减弱，人们学习汉语的兴趣不断高涨也就不足为奇了。
3. And it's easy to misunderstand and be misunderstood, and even worse if you travel around the country, as the tones can vary from province to province.
而且，这也很容易误解别人和被别人误解。如果你在中国各地旅行的话，情况会更糟糕，因为同一个汉字每个省的声调都各不相同。
4. They have meaning, and without them the meaning of the sentence is changed, but it seems strange to use a system invented to analyze European languages.
这些词本身有意义，而且如果没有它们的话，句子的意思就会发生改变。但用分析欧洲语言的那套方法来分析汉语似乎又很奇怪。
5. Some statistics suggest that an educated English speaker needs 1,300 hours to achieve a proficiency corresponding to an educated native speaker of Chinese, while it would only take about 480 hours to achieve a comparable level in French or Spanish.
有统计数据表明，一个受过良好教育的以英语为母语的人需要1,300小时才能达到一个受过良好教育的中国人的汉语水平。而如果学习法语或西班牙语的话，要达到同等语言水平只需大概480小时

汉译英

1. 要精通一门外语，唯一的方法就是一遍遍地练习。(proficiency; there be nothing for it but to)
To achieve proficiency in a foreign language, there is nothing for it but to practise again and again.
2. 很多汉语词汇有内涵意义，这对学习汉语的外国人来说是一大障碍。(connotation; constitute; obstacle)
Many Chinese words have connotations, which constitute a big obstacle for foreign learners of the language.
3. 勤奋弥补了他在英语方面的不足；仅用了一年时间，他就可以用流利的英语和外国人交流了。(compensate for; it takes ...)
Diligence compensated for his weakness in English. It took him only one year to communicate with foreigners in fluent English.
4. 语言是动态的，是不断变化的，网络语的出现就是一个很好的例子。(dynamic; a case in point)
Language is something that is dynamic and keeps changing. The appearance of Net Language is a case in point.
5. 中国文化是世界文化的瑰宝，其哲学、艺术、饮食、文学等对外国人都有很强的吸引力。(treasure; appeal)
Chine

se culture is a treasure of world culture. Its philosophy, art, food and literature all have strong appeal for foreigners.

第八单元英译汉

1. "It is like confessing a murder." These were the words the British scientist Charles Darwin used in a letter to a friend announcing he had finally understood the mystery of how species develop—the theory of evolution.
“这就像是谋杀供述。”这是英国科学家查尔斯 ? 达尔文在给朋友写信，宣布他终于弄明白了物种发展的奥秘——进化论时使用的文字。
2. Darwin proposed the concept of sexual selection, which suggests that some members of a species have an advantage over others when they choose a mate to breed with.
达尔文提出性选择的概念，即一个物种中的某些成员比其他成员在选择交配对象方面有优势。
3. It was during these years that the facts he had observed and the inferences he had made during his research formed the basis of the theory.
正是在这些年中，他所观察到的事实和在进行研究时得出的推论构成了其理论的基础。
4. Britain too has some schools teaching "Creationism" or "Intelligent Design"—meaning the creation or design of the human species by one single and intelligent being—rather than the truth of evolution.
英国也有些学校不教授进化论这一科学事实，而是教授“神创论”或“智慧设计论”——意思是说人类是由一个有智慧的生命创造或设计的。
5. The quotation reconciles two totally opposite views, and moves to a higher dimension with its profound insight into the universe in which we live, and the mystery of its creation.
这一引言调和了两种完全对立的观点，并上升到更高的层面，对我们生存的宇宙及其起源的奥秘显示出深刻的洞察力。

汉译英

1. 迄今为止，达尔文的进化论是关于人类起源的最有说服力的理论。(so far; convincing)
So far, Darwin's theory of evolution is the most convincing theory about the origin of human beings.
2. 这是一个涉及到多个科学领域的综合性问题，因此不能草率地下结论。(comprehensive; in haste)
This is a comprehensive issue involving several scientific fields, so we cannot draw conclusions in haste.
3. 各国科学家各自独立进行了研究，都得到了非常相似的结果。(come up with)
Scientists in different countries, working independently of each other, have come up with very similar results.
4. 虽然他研究的结果和预期的并不吻合，但他创造性的研究方法是可行的。(in accordance with; applicable)
Though the results of his research are not in accordance with predictions, his creative research methods are / remain applicable.
5. 科学的魅力在于变不可能为可能。今天看似不可能的事情，明天有可能变为现实。(reside / lie in; what-clause)
The charm of science resides / lies in its power of making what is imp

ossible possible. What seems impossible today may come true tomorrow.