跨文化交际词汇汇总表

anecdote n. a short interesting or amusing story about a particular person or evente.g. He told some amusing anecdotes about his years as a policemanarchaeologist n. a person studying ancient things archer n. a person who shoots with a bow and arrows betray v. to give away or make knownbetter off （经济）境况较好的e.g. She was much better off when she got promoted.bilateral adj. of, on or with two sidese.g. France and Germany have signed a bilateral agreement.bilingual adj. of, containing, or expressed in two languagesbraille n. (a way of) printing with raised round marks which blind people can read by touching thembuffet n. a place or counter where food and drink may be bought and consumedcasino n. a building for social activities esp. playing games for moneycensure n. the act of blaming or expressing strong disapprovale.g. His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.cleric n. a priest, esp. in the Christian Church clumsy adj. done or made in an awkward fashion coincide v. (of ideas, opinions) to be in agreementcommonplace n./adj. a well-known statement or remark worn out by too much /ordinary; not regarded as special or unusualcompetence n. ability to do what is neededcompliment n. an expression of praise, admiration or respectcondole v. to express sympathy, regret at a loss, misfortune, etc.contrary adj. completely different;wholly opposedcriteria n. fact or standard by which you judge, decide about or deal with sth.标准，准则decipher n. to discover the meaning of (sth. difficult or secret, esp. a code) 译解；破译（密码）diagnose v. to discover the nature of (a disease) dish n. 截抛物面天线don v. to put on (clothing or mask)dramatise v. to put a story, novel, etc. into the forrd of a dramadrive home to make unmistakably clear 使人理解（接受）dynamic adj. energetic and forcefulencoder n. 编码器exert v. to make an effort extraterrestrial adj. (coming from) outside the earthflaw n. a small sign of damage, such as a mark or crack, that makes an object not perfectflourish v. to wave in the hand mad so draw attention to (sth.)e.g. He came in smiling, flourishing her exam results.for good for evere.g. We thought that he was gone for good.frown upon 表示不满、不赞许gorgeous adj. delightfulhiccup n. sudden stopping of the breath with a cough-like sound 打嗝in no time very quicklye.g. I'll be back in no time.inference n. process of drawing a conclusion and reaching an opinion (from facts or reasoning) 推理institutionalised adj. 制度化的；一成不变的；约定俗成的interlocutor n. the person who is talking to himself or herself, or to sb.elseinterval n. a period of time between events intrude v. to come in when not wantedintuition n. the power to know how sth. happens or will happen, without reasoningjot down to write quickly, esp.without preparation mono-cultural adj. 单一文化的norm n. a standard of proper behaviour or principle of right and wrongnotion n. an idea,belief or opinion;conceptionpaediatrician n. a doctor who has special training in medical care for children 儿科医生prosodic adj. 诗体学的，做诗法的pupil n. 瞳孔rating n. a person's position or class referral n. 工作分派，治疗安排schema n. a representation of an arrangement or plan 计划，方案sinologist n. a person who studies Chinese language, history, literature, etc. 汉学家spatial adj. of/in spacespeculate adj. to think about a matter in a light way 思索submit v. to offer for consideration syllable n. 音节tentative adj. made or done only as a trial to see the effectunilateral adj. one-sided 单方的，单边的e.g. He made a unilateral decision to cancel the agreement.abnormal adj. unusual, peculiaracculturation n. 文化渗透；文化互渗affective-oriented adj. 感情型的amiss adv. in a bad way; wrongly or imperfectlyappalling adj. causing fear; shocking, terriblee.g. The prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditionsassumption n. sth. taken for granted bloated adj. unpleasantly swollenblunt adj. speaking roughly and plainly boar n. wild boar 野猪callous adj. unfeeling;indifferentcarol n. a religious song of joy and praise esp. sung at Christmascivility n. politeness;the quality of having good mannersclash n. an example of opposition or disagreementcluster n. a number of things of the same kind growing or being close together in a groupcognitive-oriented adj. 认知型的cohesive adj. tending to stick togethercollectivism n. the system under which the means of production axe owned and controlled by the state or the people as a whole 集体主义collide v. to disagree stronglyConfucianism n. the beliefs and practices of those who follow the teachingscongruent adj. suitable;agreeing 适合的；一致的；和谐的constrain v. to compel, limit, controldimension n. a measurement in any directiondisconcert v. to (cause to) feel doubt and anxiety e.g. The family was disconcerted at the unhappy news.discourse n. a serious conversation disillusion v. to free from a wrong idea downright adj. frank; honestdyadic adj. 二的，一双的；二进原子的egalitarian adj. holding or showing the belief that all men are equal 平等主义的embed v. to fix firmly and deeply inentity n. (the quality of having) a sinagle separate and independent existenceespouse v. to become involved with or support (an activity or opinion)euphoria n. a feeling of happiness and cheerful excitementfusion n. uniting or mixingharmony n. a state of agreement (in feeling, ideas);peacefulnesshectic adj. full of excitement and hurried movementhierarchy n. organisation with grades of authority from the lowest to the highest 统治集团in the shoes of in (sb.'s) positionindividualism n. the idea that the rights and freedom of an individual are the most important in a society 个人主义infringe v. to break (a rule, etc.); to violatee.g. The prisoners complained that their rights were infringed.ingredient n. one of the parts of a mixture 成分interaction n. the state or activity of working together to produce an effect on each otherinterference n. the noises and shapes which spoil the working of electrical apparatus （光波、声波的）干扰intervene v. to interrupt, esp. to prevent a bad resultintimacy n. the state of being intimate;close friendshipintrinsic adj. being part of the nature or character of sb. or sth. 内在的，本质的，固有的liberalism n. liberal views, opinions and principles 自由主义minimal adj. of the smallest possible amount, degree or sizemodesty n. the quality of being modest nag v. to worry or annoy continuously nurture v. to train,educate or develop orientation n. a position or directionparaphrase v. to re-express (sth. written or said) in different words 释义parliament n. the supreme law-making council or assembly 议会peer n. an equal in rank, quality or worthperspective n. a view esp. one stretching far into the distancepitfall n. an unexpected danger or difficultyprivilege n. a special right or advantage limited to one person or a few people 特权psychomotor-oriented adj. 心理运动型的reciprocal adj. exchanged between two people or groups reflect v. to consider carefullysavoury adj. pleasant or attractive in taste 美味可口的scrutiny n. thorough and detailed examination 仔细检查，监督sea-slug n. 海参self-abnegation n. 自我克制spouse n. a husband or a wifetaboo n. a word which vonvention prohibits 禁忌语tactic n. means of achieving an objecttransitional adj. changing or passing from one form to anotheruniformity n. the same in every way 一致，一致（性）vaguely adv. not clearly or distinctly; uncertainly valorisation n. 评价，估价variability n. probability that sth. will varyzest n. (a feeling of)being eager and excited e.g. He approaches every task with a boundless zest.aristocracy n. ruling body of noblesbias n. a tendency to be in favour of or against sth. or sb. Without knowing enough to be able to judge fairlybill n. the beak of a birdconjecture v. a guess, opinion based on incomplete or uncertainconnote v. to suggest a meaning in addition to the formal meaningcontroversy n. an argument about sth. over which there is much disagreementdelve v. to search deeplye.g. It's not good to delve into one's private life.endearment n. (an expression of) love entrench v. to place in a safe position feminist n. 女权主义者grandeur n. great beauty or power, often combined with great sizeintriguing adj. arousing the intrerest or curiosity knighthood n. the rank, title, or state of a knightlark n. any of several small light brown birds with long pointed wings, esp. the skylark 百灵科鸟（尤指云雀）masculinity n. the quality or state of being masculine 男子气概maternal adj. related through the mother's side monosyllabic adj. 单音节的muddle v. to confuse, esp.in the minde.g. Grandfather was muddled about the children's names.paternal adj. related through the fatherperpetuate v. to preserve; to cause to be continued or remembered 使永恒plosive n. a consonant sound 爆破音satchel n. a small bag for carrying over the shoulder 书包straightforward adj. understood in a direct way, without difficultytrisyllabic adj. 三音节的uncomplimentary adj. rudely critical 贬抑的variant n. a different formwhite lie a lie told with good attention 无恶意的谎言chauffeur n. a person employed to drive a carconcede v. to admit as true, just or proper often unwillinglyconvivial adj. gay; merrydisparity n. difference or inequality 不同，悬殊foot the bill付账go Dutch 打平伙（各自付钱合伙吃）e.g. We can go out tohave dinner as long as we go Dutch.humility n. the quality of being humble interwoven adj. woven together or with sth. else marvel v. to wonder, feel great surprise pool n. 落袋弹子游戏scrounger n. a person who gets what he wants by taking it without permission or by trickery 偷东西者snub v. to treat (a person)with cold behaviour or contempt 冷落，怠慢tab n. a bill 账单trivial adj. of little worth or importanceunder no circumstances never; regardless of events 决不，无论如何不antonym n. a word which means the opposite of another wordautonomous adj. (of state) self-governingbelabour v. to work on or talk about to silly lengthschronology n. the science which measures time and gives dates to eventscoherence n. natural or reasonable connection, esp. in thoughts or wordscorollary n. sth. that naturally follows from sth. else;result 必然结果denote v. to represente.g. His angry tone denoted extreme displeasure.dowry n. property and money brought by a bride to her husbandfilial adj. of or suitable to a son or daughter 子女的; 孝顺的imperative adj. urgent, needing immediate attention inborn adj. present from birth;part of one's nature induce v. to cause or produce 引起，导致offspring n. a child or childrenpreconception n. an opinion formed in advance without actual knowledgepropensity n. natural tendencyrapport n. close relationship or sympathy (with) 亲善关系repose n. comfortable restreticent adj. unwilling to speak about one's thoughts or feelings 谨慎的，沉默寡言的smack v. to have a slight flavour or suggestion (of) 带有…的风味synonym n. a word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same languagetranscribe v. to make a full copy of (notes or recorded matter)transcript n. a written or printed copy accusation n. a charge of doing wrong aroma n. a sweet smell, fragranceassault n. / v. violent and sudden attack / to make an attackcontempt n. the feeling that sb. or sth. is of a lower rank and undesirablecutlery n. knives and other cutting instruments, esp. those used when eatingdignity n. true worth and nobleness of characterdiscern v. to see, notice, or understand, esp. with difficultyecstasy n. a state of extreme happinessecstatic adj. causing or experiencing ecstasy faecal adj. 粪便的；糟粕的fondle v. to touch gently and lovingly hold…in check to hold ... back 制止，控制humiliate v. to (cause to) feel humble or lose the respect of othersinscrutable adj. that cannot be understood or known;mysteriousinsolence n. the quality of showing disrespectful rudenessinversely adv. oppositely (in order or position)jostle v. to knock or push against rather roughly e.g. They were jostled by fans pushing their way towards the stage.manuscript n. the first or only copy of a book or piece of writing 手稿，原稿peep v. to look (at sth.) quickly and secretly peep n. a quick, incomplete, or secret lookperplex v. to (cause to)feel confused and troubled by being difficult to understand or answerpirouette n. a fast turn of the body on the toe 单脚着地旋转proximity n. nearnessprudence n. the state or quality of being prudent 谨慎reprimand n. severe official scoldingrestrain v. to control or prevent from doing sth. esp. by use of forcerevolt v. to feel sick and shocked; to turn from with violent dislike 反感revulsion n. feeling of being shocked and revolted secretive adj. having the habit of keeping things secret servility n. behaviour like a slave 奴性；屈从sponger n. a person who lives on other's expense 寄生虫，靠别人生活的人stand-offish adj. rather unfriendly; coldly suppression n. the state of being suppressedtaunt v. to try to make sb. angry or upset by making unkind remarks laughing at faults or failures 奚落，嘲笑treacherous adj. disloyal; deceitfulturn down to refuse (a request, person, etc.) e.g. He turned down the job because it involved too much travelling.unnerving adj. losing self-control, power of decision, courageveer v. to turn or change directionvulgarity n. the state or quality of being vulgar aerial adj. of, from, happening in the air airborne adj. in the air or carried by air or wind alternative n. a choice between two thingsaltruism n. principle of considering the well-being and happiness of others first 利他主义altruistic adj. 利他的；利他主义的aluminum n. a silver-white metal that is a simple substance light in weightamplitude n. the distance between the middle and top of a wave (such as a sound wave) 振幅antenna n. an aerial 天线antler n. a horn with branches which grows on the head of a male deerapparatus n. a set of instruments, machines, etc. that wok together for a particular purposeaquatic adj. living or happening in or on water badger n. 獾bandwidth n. 带宽barbarous adj. very cruel; uncivilizedbinary adj. consisting of two things or parts; double e.g. Computers operate using binary numbers.birch n. 白桦breakthrough n. the action of forcing a way through or making a discoverye.g. An important breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved.brood n. a family of young birds or other young creaturesbudget n. a plan of how to spend moneybugle n. a musical wind instrument of copper or brass used for military signals 军号，喇叭bustard n. a large swift-running bird 鸨鸟camcorder n. a combination of a small video camera and recording device 家庭手提摄像机cardinal adj. most important; maincascade n. a steep, high and usu. small waterfall cellular adj. having many holes 蜂窝式（如电话）coaxial adj. 共轴的，同轴的cobalt n. a strong shiny silver-white magnetic metal 钴congregation n. a group of people gathered togethercoot n. a type of water bird with dark grey feathers and a short beakcoranto n. 报纸（现仅用于报纸名）demodulate v. 解调；检波designate v. to point out or call by a special name disgruntled adj. annoyed and disappointeddisparagingly adv. 轻视地，贬低地dissemination n. spreading (news, ideas, etc.) widely dolphin n. a sea animal like a porpoise 海豚electromagnetic adj. 电磁的elicit v. to get, draw out (facts, information, etc.)elk n. 麋鹿emancipate v. to make free socially, politically, and in lawemblem n. an object which is the sign of sth.e.g. A dove is often used as an emblem of peace.etymological adj. 词源学的exhilaration n. making cheerful and excitedfacsimile n. an exact copy, esp. of a document 摹写, 传真falcon n. a bird that kills and eats other animals隼flint n. very hard fine-textured grey stone that makes small flashes of flame when struck with steel 燧石;火石floppy adj. soft and easily bent flowchart n. （生产）流程图forage v. to wander about looking for food and other suppliesformulaic adj. containing or made up of fixed expressions or set forms of words 公式的, 刻板的globalisation n. 全球化gravity n. the natural force by which objects are attracted to each othergrouse n. a bird with feathered feet, shot for sport and food 松鸡hive n. a place like a box where bees live hold forth to speak at length 大发议论honeycomb n. a container made of beeswax and consisting of 6-sided cells in which honey is storedhorizontal adj. in the flat position, along or parallel to the groundignite v. to (cause to) start to burninfiltrate v. to (cause to) pass through or into by filtering; (of ideas) to pass into people's mind 过滤; （思想）渗入ingenious adj. (of a person) clever and skillful (at making or inventing)innate adj. (of a quality) in one's nature possessed from birth 天生的instantaneous adj. happening at onceinsulate v. to protect from outside influence 隔离, 使孤立intermittent adj. not continuous 间断的internalisation n. 内在化laureate n. a poet officially appointed to the Royal Household in GB, who writes poems on state occasions 桂冠诗人linger v. to be slow to disappearlitter n. a group of young animals born at the same time to one mothermakeshift n. sth. used at the time because there is nothing better 代用品，权宜之计mallard n. a type of wild duck 绿头鸭martial adj. of or concerning war, soldiers, etc. 战争的，好战的microchip n. 芯片modem n. 调制解调器modulation n. the action of modulating 调节，调制multiparous adj. 一产多胎的nectar n. the sweet liquid collected by bees from flowersnightingale n. a type of bird known for the beautiful song heard at nightnimbleness n. quick and light movement nip v. to cut offnipple n. the part of a woman's breast through which a baby can suck milknomination n. the action or result of suggesting or naming officially for election to a position ,office, etc.提名，任命ointment n. a medicinal paste made from oil or fat and used on the skin (to heal injury) 膏药override v. to prevail over (sb.'s opinion, decision, claim, etc.)e.g.This problem overrides all other matters.panel n. a small group of people chosen to give advice or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment 公开讨论的专门小组papyrus n. a tall grass-like plant that grows in or near water 纸莎草parchment n. a writing material used in ancient time, made from the skin of a sheep or goat 羊皮纸partridge n. a sort of birds of the same family as the pheasantpatch n. a small differently coloured part of a surfacepatent n. 专利，专利权，专利证，专利品perch n. a branch, rod, etc. where a bird restsperseverance n. continual steady effort made to fulfill some aim 耐性，坚忍不拔pheasant n. any of various large long-tailed birds hunted for food 野鸡phosphor n. 磷光体pivot v. to turn round on or as if on a pivot (于旋轴上)旋转plaque n. a flat metal or stone plate with writingon it, fixed to a wall in memory of a personor event 匾牌，饰板Pleistocene adj. 更新式的plumage n. bird's featherspollen n. fine yellow powder on the male part of a flower 花粉pollock n. 绿鳕，青鳕porpoise n. a type of large fish-like sea animal 海豚，小鲸predator n. a wild animal living by killing and eating other animal 肉食动物prestigious adj. having or bringing prestige 有声誉的，受尊敬的primate n. a member of the most highly developed group of breast-feeding animal 灵长类动物quail n. a kind of small birds 鹌鹑rationalism n. the quality or practice of being a rationalist 唯理论regurgitate v. to pour out again from the mouth (food already swallowed) 反刍replica n. an exact copyresonant adj. (of a sound)deep, full, clear and continuing 共鸣的retrieval n. the act of regaining or bringing back retrieve v. to regain; to find and bring backroe n. a small kind of European and Asian deer 雄马鹿semaphore n. a system of sending massages, using two flags held in each hand in various positions 旗语setback n. sth. that happens which delays or prevents a process from advancingshatter v. to break suddenly into small pieces shellac n. 虫胶清漆shimmer v. to shine with a soft trembling light sideband n. 边频带simultaneously adv. happening or done at the same momentsnipe n. a bird which frequents marshes with a long bill 鹬spectrum n. a range of various kinds of waves 频谱spontaneity n. the quality of being spontaneousspontaneous adj. produced from natural feelings 自发的，本能的spruce n. 云杉树stereotype n. a fixed pattern which is believed to represent a type of person or eventstimuli n. sth. that stimulates 刺激物，促进因素stork n. 鹳tabular adj. arranged or displayed in tables 表格式的tattoo n. continuous tapping 连续敲打声tedious adj. long and tiring; uninteresting transaction n. （社会交往中的）相互作用transcend v. to go beyond; to be better than 超越；胜过transmission n. the act of transmitting or of being transmittedtrendy adj. very fashionable; very influenced by the latest fashion 时髦的，随潮流的vandal n. a person who intentionally damages or destroys useful things belonging to others 破坏他人财物者varnish n. a smooth or shiny appearance 光泽，装饰velvet n. a type of fine closely-woven cloth 天鹅绒，丝绒vermin n. any small kind of animal that destroys crops 害虫，害兽，害人虫vervet n. 黑长尾猴vibration n. slight continuous shaky movementvulture n. a type of ugly tropical bird which feeds on dead animals 兀鹰waggle v. to move frequently from side to sidewarren n. an area in which small animals are kept or live 猎苑woodcock n. a type of brown woodland bird 丘鹬woodpecker n. a type of bird with a long beak, which can make holes in the wood of trees and pull out insects 啄木鸟。