GIS专业英语
GIS专业英语常用术语
GIS专业英语常用术语Aabsolute reference frame绝对参考坐标系adjacency analysis相邻分析adjoining sheets邻接图幅agglomeration（制图分类中的）聚合方法aggregation聚合；聚集altitude tinting分层设色animated mapping动画制图animation动画applications package应用软件包application program应用程序Application Programming Interface(API)应用程序界面Applications Program Interface应用程序接口applications system应用系统applied cartography应用地图学auto-cartography自动制图automated cartography自动制图学automated data dictionary自动数据字典automated data processing自动数据处理Automated Digitizing System(ADS)自动数字化系统automated feature recognition自动特征识别azimuth coordinate system方位坐标系B-CB-spline b样条曲线B-tree二叉树；二元树base map of topography地形底图base map/cadastre底图／地籍图Beijing geodetic coordinate system1954１９５４年北京坐标系block correction区域改正block数据块；信息组；程序块border figure图廓数据border information图廓注记border line图廓线border matching边缘匹配border边缘；界限；边界线；邻接；图廓间cadastral survey地籍测量cadaster地政局；地籍图cadastral attribute地籍特征cadastral data base地籍数据库cadastral features地籍特征cadastral information system地籍信息系统cadastral information地籍信息cadastral inventory地籍调查cadastral layer地籍信息层Dcadastral lists地籍册cadastral management 地籍管理cadastral map地籍图cadastral map series 地籍图册cadastral mapping地籍制图carrier frequency(GPS)载波频率（全球定位系统）cartographic analysis地图分析cartographic classification 地图分类cartographic communication地图传输cartographic data base management system地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base 地图数据层cartographic data model 地图数据模型cartographic expert system 制图专家系统cartographic generalization 制图综合cartographic projection 地图投影cartographic(al)analysis 地图分析cartography地图制图学；地图学chorographic map 时序图choropleth map 等值区域图class interval 分级间距；分类间距class list 分类清单class分类，分级classification rule 分类规则cluster聚类分析compaction 压缩completeness完整性computer-graphics technology 计算机图形技术congruent image 叠合图象contour等高线，等值线，轮廓contouring display 分层显示cover-ID 层标识符coverage［GIS］图层data数据data access security 数据存取安全性data accessibility 数据可达性data acquisition 数据获取data analysis 数据分析data architecture 数据结构data attribute数据特性data base ；database 数据库data capture 数据采集data catalogue数据目录data communications 数据通信data quality 数据质量data security 数据安全性data conversion 数据转换data definition数据定义data editing数据编辑data element数据要素data encoding数据编码data entry数据输入Data Exchange Format数据交换格式data extraction数据提取data file数据文件data handling数据处理data item数据项data layering数据分层data manipulation数据操作data model数据模型data product数据产品data quality数据质量data reality数据真实性data records数据记录data reduction数据整理data reduction；datacompression数据压缩data redundancy数据冗余度data representation数据表示data retrieval数据查询data schema数据模式data security数据安全性data sensitivity数据灵敏性data set数据集data set quality数据集质量data smoothing数据平滑data snooping数据探测法data sources数据源data storage数据贮存data structure conversion数据结构转换data structure数据结构data transfer数据传输data transmission数据传输data type数据类型data updating数据更新data vectorization数据矢量化datum transformation基准变换descriptive data描述数据desktop GIS桌面地理信息系统差分全球定位系统differential Global Positioning System；DGPSdigital cartography数字地图制图digital correlation数字相关digital data collection数字数据存贮系统Digital Data Communication Message Protocol数字化数据通讯消息协议Digital Data System数字化数据系统digital data数据；数字资料Digital Elevation Matrix(DEM)数字高程矩阵digital encoding数字编码digital exchange format数据转换标准Digital Field Update System数字化外业更新系统digital files synchronization数字化文件同步化Digital Geographic Information数字化地理信息交换标准Exchange Standard；DGIWG；NATOdigital image processing数字图象处理digital image数字影（图）象Digital Landscape Model数字景观模型Digital Line Graph；DLG数字线划图digital map registration数字地图套合digital mapping数字测图digital map数字地图digital mosaic数字镶嵌digital mosaicing数字镶嵌digital number；DN数字值digital orthoimagery数字正射影象digital orthoimage数字正射影象Digital Orthophotoquads；DOQ数字正方形正射象片图digital orthophoto数字正射影象digital photogrammetry数字摄影测量digital process数字化过程digital rectification数字纠正digital simulation数字模拟digital surface model；DSM数字表面模型digital tablet数字化板Digital Terrain Model；DTM数字地面模型Digital to Analog Converter数／模转换器digital tracing table数控绘图桌digital value数字化值digital voice数字化声音digital-analog数字模拟digitalyzer模数转换器digital数字的digitization数字化digitize maps数字化地图digitized data数字化数据digitized file数字化文件digitized image数字化影象digitized terrain data数字化地面数据digitized video数字影（图）象digitizer accuracy数字化仪精度digitizer resolution数字化仪分辨率digitizer workstation数字化工作站digitizer数字化仪digitizing数字化digitizing board数字化板digigtizing cursor数字化鼠标digitizing edit数字化编辑digitizing table；tablet数字化板digitizing threshold数字化阀值digraph有向图disk space磁盘空间disk storage磁盘存储diskette软磁盘disk磁盘distributed architecture分布式体系结构Distributed Computing Environment分布式计算环境Distributed Data Processing分布式数据处理Distributed Database Management System,DDBMS分布式数据管理系统Distributed Database；DDB分布式数据库distributed processing分布式处理Distributed Relational分布式关系数据库结构Database Architecture(DRDA)districe coding地区编码districting分区（空间聚合）disturbed orbit卫星轨道升交点document file文档文件Document Image Peocessing(DIP)文件影象处理document window文档窗口document-file icon文档文件图标document/page reader光符识别仪器documentation drawing二维绘图downloadable font可传输字符download文件（程序）传输（从中心机到个人微机）drafting scale绘图比例尺drafting绘制；绘图；草拟draft草图；草案drainage map水系图；流域图drainage pattern水系类型；水网类型drainage水系；水文要素；排水设备drape两维数据在表面叠加产生透视图draping两维数据叠加在透视图上drawing board绘图板drawing entities绘图实体Drawing Exchange Format图形交换格式drawing extents绘图范围drawing file绘图文件drawing grid绘图格网drawing interchange format绘图交换格式drawing limits绘图限制drawing registration绘图对齐；绘图定位drawing sizes图面大小；图幅尺寸drawing unit绘图单元drawing绘图drum plotter滚筒式绘图机drum scanner滚筒式扫描机duobinary coding双二进制编码DX90水文地理数据格式dynamic-Link Library,DLL动态链接库EE-R diagram E-R图earth gravity model地球重利模型Earth Resources Information System；ERIS地球资源信息系统EROS地球资源观测系统earth satellite thematic sensing地球卫星专题遥感earth shape；figure of the earth地球形状Earth spheroid地球椭球体Earth spherop地球椭球面earth surface地球表面earth synchronous orbit地球同步轨道earth window地球数据窗口Earth-centered ellipsoid地心椭球Earth-fixed coordinate system站心坐标系EarthResource Technology Satellite地球资源技术卫星Earthwatch地球监视卫星ecosystem生态系统edge join边缘匹配edge matching边缘匹配edge of the format；map border图廓Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)电子数据交换edit编辑；修改edit verification编辑核实edit/display on input输入编辑/显示edit/display on output输出编辑/显示editing编辑effective radius of the Earth地球有效半径eigenvector analysis特征向量分析eigenvector特征向量EIS process环境影响评价过程electric mail；e-mail电子邮件electronic bearing电测方位electronic chart电子海图Electric Chart and Display电子图形显示信息系统Information System；SCDISelectronic chart data base；ECDB电子海图数据库Electronic Data Collection电子数据集合Electronic Data Interchange；EDI电子数据交换electronic drawing tablet电子绘图板electronic engraver电子刻图机electronic imaging system电子成像系统electronic line scanner电子扫描机electronic map电子地图electronic publishing system电子印刷系统Embedded QUEL内嵌式查询embedded SQL镶嵌式查询语言emergency run地图翻印encipher；encode；encoding编码enclosing rectangle(最小)封闭四边形encoding code model编码模型encoding scheme编码方法End Of Line文件结束标志End Of Text行结束标志end points文本结束标志end user participation终端用户参与end user终端用户ent-to-end data system终端站间数据系统Enhanced graphics Adapter(EGA)增强图形适配器enhanced imagery增强图象enhanced mode增强模式entity实体entity classes实体类entity classes实体分类entity instance实体样品entity object实体对象entity point实体定位点entity relationship data model实体关系数据模型entity relationship diagram；ERD实体关系图Entity Relationship Model；E-R Model实体关系模型entity set model实体集模型entity set实体集entity subtype/supertype实体子类型/母类型entity type实体类型Entity-Relationship Approach E-R法entity实体,组织,结构entropy coding熵编码entropy熵(平均信息量) environmental analysis环境分析environmental assessment环境评价environmental cadastre环境地籍图environmental capacity环境容量environmental data base环境数据库environmental data/information环境数据/信息environmental map环境地图environmental mapping data环境制图数据environmental overlays环境图environmental planning环境规划environmental quality assessment环境质量评价environmental remote sensing环境遥感Eclogically Sustainable Development生态平衡的持续发展equation item方程项European Transfer Format(ETF)欧洲传输格式executable file执行文件execution执行(程序指令)extended color扩展彩色Extended Graphics Adapter(EGA)增强图形适配卡Extended Graphics Array扩展图形矩阵Extensional Database扩展数据库external attribute table外部属性表external data storage外部数据存储(相对于数据库) external database file外部数据库文件external margin外图廓external polygon外部多边形external program外部程序external schema外部模式external storage外部存储设备Ffacilities设施；装备facility data设施数据facility instrument设施设备facility map设施图facility network设施网络facility splice设施接合fast Fourier transform快速傅立叶变换feature特征Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue地物与属性编码目录feature attribute table特征属性表feature bounded边界标识地物feature class特征分类feature codes menu特征码清单feature codes特征码feature coding特征编码feature extraction特征提取feature identifier特征标识符feature ID特征标识符feature instance特征实例feature item特征项feature marked有标记特征feature number特征标识符feature selection特征选择feature separation特征分类feature spanned跨区特征feature supported支持特征feature user-ID特征用户标识码Federal Information Processing联邦信息处理标准Standards(FIPS)Federal Information Processing Standards/联邦信息处理标准／空间数据转换标准Spatial Data Transfer Standard；FIPS/SDTSfield［数据］域file［计算机］文件file activity文件活动file attribute文件属性file compression文件压缩file format文件格式file fragmentation文件分段存储file indexing文件管理索引file integrity文件完整性file name extension文件扩展名file name文件名file protection文件保护file server protocol文件服务器协议file server文件服务器file set文件集file specification文件说明；文件说明表file structure文件结构file system文件系统File Transfer Protocol文件传输协议file transfer文件转换file-by-file compression文件压缩filename extension文件后缀名fill pattern填充模式fixed length record format定长记录格式flag标志；特征flair point识别点；明显地物点flap叠置floppy disk；floppy软盘form line地表形态线format conversion格式转换format line格式行format model格式模型format格式formatted model格式化模型formatting function格式化函数；格式编排formatting格式化formfeed换页；格式馈给forms interface格式界面forms processing表格处理fractal分数的；分形；分数维fractional map scale分数地图比例尺fractional scale分数比例尺frequency band频段；频带frequency bias频偏frequency curve频率曲线frequency demodulation鉴频frequency distribution频率分布full-resolution picture全精度影（图）象，高分辨率影（图）象fully concatenated key全连串码fully digital mapping全数字化制图function library功能库functional data base功能数据库functional mapping功能制图functional structure功能结构fuzzy analysis模糊分析fuzzy C-means模糊聚类法fuzzy classifier method模糊分类法fuzzy distance模糊距离fuzzy intersection concept模糊交叉概念fuzzy tolerance模糊容限fuzzy模糊的；失真的GGauss plane coordinate高斯平面坐标Gauss-Kruger coordinate高斯－克吕格坐标Gauss-Kruger grid高斯－克吕格格网Gauss-Kruger map projection高斯－克吕格地图投影Gaussian coordinate高斯坐标gazetteer地名录general scale基本比例尺generic term地理通名Geo Based Information System基于地学的信息系统geo-analysis地理分析geo-defined unit地理定义单元geo-distribution地理分布geo-politic data base行政区划数据库geo-referenced information system地理参考信息系统geobase system地区系统geobased information system地区信息系统geobase地区库geobotanical cartography地植物学制图geocartography地理制图geocoded virtual map地理编码虚拟图geocodes地理编码geocode地理编码geocoding system地理编码系统geocoding地理编码Geographer's Line地理坐标网geographic aggregation地理聚合Geographic Analysis and Display System(GADS)地理分析显示系统Geographic Analysis Package(GAP)地理分析软件geographic analysis/modeling capability地理分析／模拟能力geographic analysis地理分析geographic area boundaries地理面积边界Geographic Area Code Index(GACI)地理面积编码索引Geographic Base File(GBF)地理基础文件Geographic Base File/Dual地理底图基础文件／双重独立地图编码Independent Map Encoding(GBF-DIME)Geographic Base Information System(GBIS)地理基础信息系统Geographic Base System(GBS)地理基础系统geographic boundaries地理边界geographic boundary data地理边界数据geographic calibration地理标准geographic center地理中心geographic classification地理分类geographic codes地理坐标码geographic coding地理编码geographic coordinates地理坐标geographic coordinate地理坐标geographic coverage地理层geographic data base地理数据库geographic data set地理数据集geographic data structure地理数据结构Geographic Database地理数据库geographic data地理数据geographic display system地理显示系统geographic entity地理实体geographic feature data地理特征数据geographic feature地理特征geographic graticule地理坐标网geographic grid地理网格geographic identifiers地理标识符geographic indexed file地理索引文件geographic indexes地理索引geographic information system地理信息系统geographic inverse地理位置反算geographic landscape地理景观geographic latitude地理纬度geographic location地理位置geographic longitude地理经度geographic meridian地理子午线geographic modeling地理模拟geographic name地理名称geographic net地理坐标格网geographic numbering system地理编号系统geographic object地理对象geographic pole地极geographic position地理位置geographic reference system地理参考系统geographic reference地理参考geographic referencing地理参考过程geographic standardization地理标准化geographic survey地理测量geographic value地理坐标值geographical coordinate地理坐标geographical data base地理数据库geographical general name地理通名geographical map地理图geographical mile地理海哩geographical name index地名索引transcription；geographical地名注音法name transliterationgeographical name；place name地名geographical network地理格网geographical pole地极geographical position地理位置geographical reference system地理坐标参考系geographical viewing distance地理视距geographical zones地理带geographical-exploration traverse地理勘测路线geographical地理的geographics limits细线；内图廓线geographic地理的；地理学的geography地理学Geomatics（加拿大）地球信息学geometric rectification几何校正geometric registration几何配准geomorphic map地貌类型图geomorphological mapping地貌制图geomorphological map地貌图geomorphology地貌学geoprocessing application地理处理应用geoprocessing approach地理处理方法geoprocessing functions地理处理函数geoprocessing modeling地理处理模拟geoprocessing operations地理处理操作geoprocessing productivity地理处理率geoprocessing system地理处理系统geoprocessing virtual map system地理处理虚拟图系统Geoprocessing(GP)地理处理过程geoprocessor地理处理器GEOREF coordinate system世界地理坐标参考系GEOREF grid世界地理坐标参考网格georeference system地理坐标参考系georeference地理坐标参考georeferenced地理坐标参考的georeferencing地理坐标参考过程GEOREF世界地理坐标参考系georelational model地理相关模型geosphere地理圈geostatistics地理统计GIS/LIS地理信息系统／土地信息系统Global Environmental Monitoring System(UNEP)全球环境监测系统（联合国环境项目）global land information system(GLIS)全球土地信息系统Global Positioning System(GPS)全球定位系统global positioning全球定位global rediation总辐射global satellite system全球卫星系统Global Telecommunications System全球远程通讯系统global全球的graphic compose图形合成graphic data base file图形数据库文件graphic data base图形数据库graphic data concept图形数据概念graphic illustration图解说明；图解例证graphic input procedure图形输入法graphic input unit图形输入设备Graphic Interchange Format图形交换格式graphic interpolation图解内插法graphic limits图形边界graphic manipulation图形维护graphic map features图示地图特征graphic map manipulation图示地图操作graphic map scale图解地图比例尺graphic mapping control point图解图根点graphic menu图示菜单graphic modes图示模式graphic object图形对象graphic output unit图形输出设备graphic overlay图形叠加graphic plane图示面graphic primitive图形元素graphic presentation图形显示graphic production图形生成graphic product图形产品graphic rectification图形校正graphic representation图形表示graphic scale图解比例尺graphic sign图形记号graphic superimposition图形叠加graphic symbol图形符号graphic symbols/symbology图形符号／符号表示graphic system components图形系统组成graphic tablet图形数字化板graphic terminal图形终端graphic text string图形文本串graphic trace图形跟踪graphic variable图形变量graphical screen interface图形屏幕界面graphical user interface(GUI)图形用户界面graphics accelerator图形加速卡graphics cursor图形光标graphics display units图形显示单元graphics inquiry图形查询graphics languages图形语言graphics mode图形模式graphics page图形页Graphics Performance Characterization(GPC)图形工作特性graphics resolution图形分辨率graphics screen图形屏幕界面graphics software图形软件graphics tablet图形数字化板graphics图形graphic图形的；图示的graph图；图形graticule格网graticule十字丝；地理坐标网grating光栅grid格网grid amplitude格网幅度grid azimuth坐标方位角grid bearing坐标方位角grid cell格网元素；网眼grid cell compositing网眼组成grid cell data structure网眼数据结构grid cell data网眼数据结构grid cell lattice三维网眼格数据结构grid cell map-record format网眼地图记录格式grid cell map网眼地图grid cell modeling网眼模拟grid cell search网眼搜寻grid convergence坐标纵线收敛角grid coordinate system格网坐标系grid coordinates格网坐标系grid data格网数据grid declination格网真北偏角grid equator格网赤道grid factor格网因子grid format格网格式grid interval网格间距grid inverse网格反算grid length坐标网距grid lines/codes格网线／码grid magnetic angle格网磁偏角grid map格网地图grid meridian坐标网纵线grid method格网法grid of neighboring zone邻带方里网grid origin坐标格网原点grid structure网格结构grid system格网系统grid tick格网标记grid variation格网磁偏角grid zone坐标带grid栅格，格网；坐标网grid-point method网点板法grid/raster data格网／栅格数据gridded data格网数据gridiron layout格网平面图gridiron pattern格网图形gridsystem直角坐标格网grips数据转换程序Hhalftone screen半色调屏幕header file头文件header label头标header line标题行header record首记录header标题hextree分级图象数据模型hidden attribute隐含属性hidden file隐含文件hidden line removal隐线消除hidden surfaces隐面hidden variable隐含变量hierarchical data base分级数据库hierarchical data分级数据hierarchical data model层次数据模型I hierarchical data structure分级数据结构hierarchical database分层数据库hierarchical districts层次分区hierarchical file structure分级文件结构hierarchical file system分级文件系统hierarchical model分级模型hierarchical organization等级结构hierarchical relationship分级关系式（数据文件结构）hierarchical sequence层次序列hierarchical spatial relationship分级空间关系hierarchical storage分级存储hierarchical structure分级结构hierarchical分级的；层次的hierarchization分级High Level Data Link Control高级数据连接控制High Memory Area高位地址内存区histogram直方图；柱状图；频率图history命令记录Huffman code霍夫编码hull TIN表面Human Computer Interaction人机交互Human Computer Interface人机界面hypertext电子文本；超级文本I channel同相信道；I通路I notation parameter整数记号参数I-beam I指针I/O addresses输入／输出地址I/O Character Recognition(I/O CR)输入／输出字符识别I/O error输入／输出错误I/O port输入／输出端口image coding图象编码image compression影（图）象压缩image contrast影象反差image coordinate影象坐标image correlation影象相关image data base影象数据库image data collection图象数据收集image data compaction图象数据压缩image data retrieval图象数据检索image data storage图象数据存储image data影（图）象数据image definition影象清晰度（分辨力）image degradation影（图）象退化；影（图）象衰减image description影象描绘image digitization图象数字化image displacement影象位移image distortion影（图）象失真image integrator图象综合image intensifier影（图）象增强器；变象管；象亮化器image intensity图象强度image interpretation影象判读image magnification影（图）象放大image matching影象匹配image processing rectification图象处理校正复原and restorationimage processing图象处理校正复原image ray象点投影线image recognition影（图）象识别image reconstruction影（图）象重建image reconstructor影象再现装置image registration图象配准image representation影（图）象显示；影（图）象再现image resolution；ground resolution影象分辨力image scale影象比例尺image size影（图）象尺寸；影（图）象范围image space coordinate system象空间坐标系image space象空间image stack影（图）象栈image transform影（图）象变换image transformation图象变换image translator影（图）象转换器image；imagery影象image象，象片；影象，图象；镜象图形imagery feature影象特征index to Names地名索引indexed sequential file顺序索引文件indexed索引化的indexing索引；加下标；变址index指标；指数；索引informatics信息学information area信息区information bit信息位information center信息中心information collection信息采集information content信息量information explosion信息爆炸information extraction信息提取information float信息浮动information format信息格式information management信息管理information network信息网information overlays信息叠加information rate信息传输速率Information requirement(IR)请求信息information revolution信息革命information science信息科学information system信息系统information technology(IT)信息技术information theory信息论information window信息窗口infowmation信息input area输入区input data输入数据input device输入设备input image(inimage)输入影（图）象input/output analysis输入／输出分析input/outpu model输入／输出模型Input/Output(I/O)输入／输出input输入inquiry查询insert插入；嵌入integrated data base集成数据库integrated data layer集成数据层Integrated Geographical Information System集成化地理信息系统integrated GIS/technologies综合地理信息系统／技术integrated information system综合信息系统integrated spatial system综合空间信息系统integrated system综合系统interactive交互式interactive digitizing人机交互数字化interactive display人机交互显示interactive drafting交互式绘图interactive editing交互式编辑Interactive Graphics and Retrieval System交互图形与恢复系统Interactive Graphics Design System交互式图形设计系统Interactive Graphics System/Interactive交互式制图系统／交互式制图子系统Graphics Subsystem；IGS/IGSSinteractive graphics交互式制图interactive image processing system人机对话影（图）象处理系统interactive mode交互式模式Interactive Multimedia交互式多媒体interactive processing mode人机交互模式interactive processing人机交互处理interactive processing交互式处理interactive restoration人机对话复原Interactive Surface Modeling交互式地表建摸interactive topology交互式拓扑Interactive Volume Modeling交互式立体模型intercell plot单元间图（或文件）interchange format交换格式interchange modeling交换模拟interchange model交换模型internal data model内部数据模型internal data structure内部数据结构（只在处理过程中保持的）internal database file内部数据库文件interrecord data structures交互记录的数据结构inverse fast Fourier transform快速傅立叶变换isoline等值线isolith等厚度线isolong等经度改正线isomagnetic chart等磁力线图isometric coordinate等量坐标isometric design等角投影isometric latitued等量纬度isometric map projection等量地图投影isometric mapping等量制图isoperimetric map projection等量地图投影isoplane等平面isopleth mapping等值线制图isopleth map等值线图isoplethic mapping等值线制图isoplethic map等值线图isopleth等值线K-Lkey关键字key attributes关键属性key bed标准层key entry键盘输入key feedback area码反馈区key field关键字段key file关键文件key horiz on标志层key identifiers关键标识符key map索引图；总图key pad键座key value dictionary关键值索引key variable indexing关键变量索引keyboard buffer键盘缓冲keyboard equivalent key键盘等价命令键keyboard shortcut键盘快捷命令keyboard键盘land evaluation土地评价Land Information System(LIS)土地信息系统Land Information Technology(LIT)土地信息技术land types土地类型land unit土地单元land use土地利用landform地表形态landscape drawings景观绘图landscape map景观地图layer file层文件layer index图层索引layer index层索引layer system分层设色法layer-tinted map分层设色地图layered style map分层设色地图layered style分层设色表示法layering分层；层化layers层次layer层layover覆盖；遮蔽（雷达影像）Leaf Area Index叶区域索引leaf level叶层次league里格leaking polygon未闭合多边形legend图例lettering地图注记lineage数据说明line element线状要素line feature线状特征line follower线跟踪器（量测转换边界）line generalization趋势线概化line graph线状图line in polygon calculation多边形内线判断计算line in polygon retrieval多边形内线判断查询line intersection线段交叉line map线画图line of nodes交轨线line symbologics线状符号表达法line symbol线状符号local database局域数据库local datum局部定标数据logical block逻辑块logical channel number逻辑通道号码logical consistency逻辑一致性logical contouring逻辑恒直线logical data base(LDB)逻辑数据库logical data model逻辑数据模型logical data structure逻辑数据结构logical decision逻辑判定logical design逻辑设计logical exclusive operation of image影象逻辑异运算logical expression逻辑表达logical links逻辑连接logical mounting逻辑安装logical name逻辑名字logical operation逻辑运算logical operator逻辑运算符logical order逻辑指令logical overlap逻辑重叠logical record逻辑记录logical security逻辑安全性logical selection逻辑选择logical storage structure逻辑存储结构logical unit逻辑单元logic逻辑login(=logon)注册lot and block地块与街段lot dimensions地块尺寸lot line地块边界lot of record地块记录lot地块LPT port并行口LU pooling逻辑单元合并Mmachine bias机器偏差machine code机器码machine encoding机器编码machine language机器语言machine processable机器可处理的man-machine interface人机接口manager access管理者存取manual digitiz er手扶数字化器manual digitizing人工数字化manual encoding人工编码manual link人工连接manual map enhancement人工地图增强manuscript map原图；稿图manuscript原图many-to-one relate多对一关系map accuracy(absolute)绝对地图精度map accuracy(relative)相对地图精度map accuracy level地图精度水平map accuracy specifications地图精度说明map accuracy standards地图精度标准map adjustment地图接边；图幅接边map algebra地图代数Map and Chart Data Interchange地图与图表间数据交换map appearance地图整饰map average地形特征地图map black clouds地图数据密集区map border图廓map chart作战海图map clarity地图清晰性map closure地图闭合map code（１）地图代码；（２）变换码，印象码map collar data地图边缘数据map color atlas地图色谱map compilation地图编绘map complexity地图复杂性map composition地图编制map computerization地图计算机化map coverage地图层map data base地图数据库map data retrieval地图数据查询map data structure地图数据结构map data地图数据map decoration地图整饰map deformation地图变形map description地图描述map digitization地图数字化map digitizing地图数字化map directory地图目录map display地图显示map distortion地图畸变map distribution地图供应map edge图幅边缘map editing地图编辑map extent地图范围map face图幅尺寸；图幅面积map feature地图特征map files地图文件map generalization地图综合map graphics to text data linkage图形－文本数据连接map graphics图形－文本数据连接map grid地图格网map information地图信息map interpretation地图判读map join图幅连接map layer图层map layout图面配置map legibility地图易读性map limits图范围map linkage图连接map load地图负载量map making制图map matching guidance地图匹配导航map matching地图匹配map measure量图轨map miles地图英里坐标系统map model system地图模型系统map nadir图面底点map name地图名map of neotectonic strength图上量算map origin图坐标原点map overlay analysis地图叠置分析map overlay modeling analysis地图叠置模拟分析map overlay地图叠置map parallel图横线map perception地图感受map plotting填图map point图上定位点；图面点map positional file地图叠置文件map position地图定位map projection system地图投影系统map projection transformation地图投影转换map projection地图投影map projector地图投影仪map quadrangle/map quad地图标准图幅map query地图查询map reading读图map registration地图对齐map representation file地图表示文件map resolution地图分辨率map revision地图更新map scale number地图比例尺数map scale地图比例尺map scaling地图比例变换map section图区map series系列地图map set miles图集英里比例尺map sheet manipulation图幅操作map sheet图幅map shift图幅移位map sliver地图细小多边形map specifications地图规范map standards地图标准map substitute临时版地图map symbolism地图符号体系map symbol地图符号map systematic errors地图系统误差map test地图检测map theme地图专题map title图名map tolerance地图容限map transformation地图转换map types地图类型map unit tolerance地图单位容限map units地图单位容限map use地图利用map z oom地图放大map地图map-controlled mosaic地图控制镶嵌图map-grid地图格网map-matching guidance地图匹配指导map-projection aspect地图投影轴map-to-page transformation地图－页变换mapland制图地区mapping accuracy standards制图精度标准mapping accuracy制图精度mapping angle（子午线）收敛角mapping control图根控制mapping control point图根点Mapping Data Interchange Format(MDIF)制图数据交换格式Mapping Information Management System(MIMS)制图信息管理系统mapping制图；测图MAPSAT制图卫星mapsheet图幅marginal data图廓资料margin边缘；图边；页边；空白master map projection母型投影master model立体地图原型medium媒体；中等的megabit ram兆字节存储器menu bar菜单条menu box菜单盒menu button菜单按钮menu icons菜单图标menu item菜单项menu mark菜单符号menu origin菜单原点menu tablet菜单输入板menu title菜单标题menu-controlled program特征码清单控制程序menu清单；菜单minimum access time最小存取时间minimum boundary rectangle最小边界矩形minimum distance classification最短距离分类minimum distance routing最短距离选择minimum mapping units最小制图单元minimum path network最短路网minimum path tree最短路径树modular software模块化软件modular模数的；模块的Modulator；DEM modulator数字地面模型模块module field模块区（空间数据转换）multi-media多媒体multimedia GIS多媒体GIS multimedia systems多媒体系统multimedia多媒体multiuser多用户Nnative code本机语言native map本土地图natural resource data自然资源数据network analysis网络分析network architecture网络结构network basefile system网络基本文件系统netwok chain网络链network data网络数据network data model网络数据模型network database网络数据库Network File Server网络文件服务器Network File System(NFS)网络文件系统Network Interface Card网络接口卡network layer网络层network model网状模型Network Operating System网络操作系统。
GIS专业英语教学教材
G I S专业英语第一课Comprehensive:全面的，综合的，Intellectual:智力的，才智的Jargon:专业术语Terminology:专业术语Geomatique:地理信息技术Geoscience:地球科学Derivative:派生物，衍生物Cartography:地图绘制学，地图绘制Architect：建筑师Preliminary：初步的，起始的Enumerate：列举，枚举Resemble：像，与……相似Transformation：转换第二课Automated：自动化的Equivalent:a等价的Cartographer：绘制图表者，制图师Mylar：胶片Electronic：电子的Encode：编码Orthophotoquad:正射影像图Aerial：空中的，航空的Aggregation：集合，聚合，集合体Reproduction：再现，复制，繁殖Dissemination：传播，宣传，传染Counterpart：相似之物Compactness：致密性Complexity：复杂，复杂性Hamper：阻碍，束缚Retrieval：取回，恢复，修补Analog：模拟的Planimeter:测面器，求积仪Phenomena：现象Quantitative：数量的，定量的Histogram：直方图，柱状图Supplementally:追加，补充Modification：修改，变型Cartogram:统计地图，统计图Hand-drawn：手绘Emergency：紧急事件Employe：雇佣，雇工Clarify：澄清，阐明Taxonomy：分类学，分类法Bifurcation：分歧，分叉Parcel:地块Conservation：保存，保持Procurement：获得，取得，采购Wildlife：野生动植物Earthquake：地震Landslide：泥石流，山崩Cadastral：地籍的，有关土地清册的Geodetic：大地测量学，最短线的Sophisticated：精致的，复杂的第三课Pervade:弥漫，遍及Aspect：坡向，方向，面貌Inevitable：必然的，不可避免的Proprietary：所有的，专利的Mineral：矿物的，矿质的Military：军队，军人Electricity：电力，电流Telecommunication：通讯，电信学Interconnect：使相互连接，相互联系Administrative：管制的，行政的Environmental：环境的，周围的Attribute：属性，特质Procedure：步骤，程序，手续Manipulation：操作，操纵，处理Historically：历史上地，Subsume：把…..归入，把…..包括在Eclipse：形成蚀，使黯然失色Visualization：可视化，Immense：巨大的，广大的Analogue：类似，相似物Conventional：常见的，惯例的Enquire：询问，打听Coniferous：松柏科的Highlight：强调，突出，Stress：强调，加压力与Derive：得到，源于Discipline：纪律，学科，惩罚Algorithm：算法，Interpret：说明，口译，解释Artificial：人造的，仿造的，虚伪的Geomatique:地理信息技术Cartography:地图绘制学，地图绘制Preliminary：初步的，起始的Cartographer：绘制图表者，制图师Encode：编码Aggregation：集合，聚合，集合体Retrieval：取回，恢复，修补Analog：模拟的Quantitative：数量的，定量的Histogram：直方图，柱状图Cartogram:统计地图，统计图Parcel:地块Geodetic：大地测量学，最短线的Cadastral：地籍的，有关土地清册的Attribute：属性，特质Procedure：步骤，程序，手续Prime meridian：本初子午线Algorithm：算法，Discipline：纪律，学科，惩罚Visualization：可视化，Globe；球体Map projection地图投影Planar projection；平面投影Azimuthal projection；方位投影Characteristic，特征，特性Reference globe；参考椭球体Scale factor；比例因子Principle scale；主比例尺Equivalent projection；等积投影Equidistant；等距投影Mercator transverse；横轴莫卡托投影Gnomonic protection；中心切面投影Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级方位投影Intelligence：智力，理解力，Correlation：相关，关联Urban：城市的Agriculture：农业，农艺Adjunct：附属物，修饰语Subdiscipline:学科的分支，副学科第四课Globe；球体Illustrate；阐明Configuration；配置，结构，外形Thematic；主题的Encounter；遭遇；邂逅Map projection地图投影Cylindrical；圆柱形的Projection family；投影系Planar projection；平面投影Cylindrical projection；圆柱投影Conical projection；圆锥投影Azimuthal projection；方位投影Community，社区，团体Representation；表现，陈述Characteristic，特征，特性Retain；保持，记住Convert；使转变Reference globe；参考椭球体Principle scale；主比例尺Scale factor；比例因子Cardinal 主要的，基本的Angular conformity；角度一致Conformal；等角的Orthomorphic；正形的Equivalent projection；等积投影Fundamental；基本的Equidistant；等距投影Maintain；维持，维修，供养Standard parallel；标准纬线Vital；生死攸关的，至关重要的Preservation；保存，保留Mercator transverse；横轴莫卡托投影Shopping mall ；大卖场Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级方位投影Stereographic；立体照相的Orthographic；直角的Georeference；地理坐标参考系Universal transverse Mercator；通用横莫卡托投影Data type；数据类型，资料类型Attribute；属性，性质Vector；矢量Raster：光栅Langscape；地表，地形Vertex；顶点，头顶Arc；弧形物，弧Node；节点Topology；拓扑学Vector-raster conversion矢量-栅格转换Quadtree；四叉树Computer-aided drafting；计算机辅助制图Orthophoto；正色摄影Map algebra地图代数Forestry stand；林地，林区Inappropriate；不适当的，不相称的Quantized：量化的Legend：传奇，图例Vegetation：植物，草木Geological：地质的Spatial：空间分析技术Binary：二元的，二进制的Residence：居住，住处Variable：易变的，多变的Run-length code:长度方向编码Subsystem：子系统Pattern：样式，模式Scheme：模式，设计Database：数据库Resolution：解析，决议Entity：实体Spaghetti model：面条模型Topological model：拓扑模型Coordinate:坐标From node：终点Intersect：交叉，相交Form node：起始点Graph theory：图论Analog：模拟地图Compact：紧密的Reduction：缩减，降低Codification：编码，译成代码Shorthand：速记法Theme：题目，主题Scheme：模式，计划Gnomonic protection；中心切面投影Coordination；对等，同等第五课Georeference；地理坐标参考系Ellipsoid；椭圆，椭面Department of defence；国防部Universal transverse Mercator；通用横莫卡托投影第六课Thematic；题目的，主题的Facilitate；促进，帮助Data type；数据类型，资料类型Animation；活泼生气，激励Attribute；属性，性质Narration；叙述，讲述Vector；矢量Raster；光栅Image；影像，肖像Photograph；照片，相片Langscape；地表，地形Vertex；顶点，头顶Arc；弧形物，弧Node；节点Connectivity；连通性，互联性Topology；拓扑学Mathematical；数学的，数学上的Adjacency；毗邻，四周Computer-aided drafting；计算机辅助制图Gridcell；格网单元Tesseate；棋盘格网的Quadtree；四叉树Data volume；数据卷Cumbersome；笨重的Vector-raster conversion矢量-栅格转换Imperative；必要的，势在必行的Map algebra地图代数Modeling；造型的Distinguish；区别，区分Orthophoto；正色摄影Ancillary；辅助的，Rectify；改正Summarize；总结，概述Aesthetically；审美的Continuous；连续的，持续的Filtering；过滤，滤除Idelally；理想的，观念上Descrete；离散的，不连续的Forestry stand；林地，林区Accommodate；供应，容纳Integrity；完整性，正直Inappropriate；不适当的，不相称的第七课Quantized：量化的Coverage：覆盖Legend：传奇，图例Vegetation：植物，草木Geological：地质的Efficient：有效的，生效的Awkward：笨拙的，尴尬的Checkerboard：棋盘Similarity：类似，相似点Recreation：娱乐，消遣Residence：居住，住处Variable：易变的，多变的Primary：主要的Eliminate：消除，排除Intuitive：直觉Binary：二元的，二进制的Accomplished：熟悉的，有技巧的Retrieve：检索的Manipulation：操纵，操作Mainframe：主机，Workstation：工作台，工作站Flexibility：弹性，灵活性Transparent：透明的，显然的Strengthening：强化，加固Linkage：连接，联系Spatial：空间分析技术Maturing：成熟第八课Run-length code:长度方向编码Compacting：压缩，精简Approach：方法Subsystem：子系统Acetate：一种透明胶片Numerical：数字的，数值的Giggling :轻笑，傻笑Humility：谦逊的Workload：负载，工作量Pattern：样式，模式Scheme：模式，设计Cumbersome：笨重的，难使用的Respectively：各自的，分别的Homogeneous：各种的，相似的Quadrant：四分之一Variable：变量的，易变的Resolution：解析，决议Subdivision：细分，子部Multiple：多个的，多种的Database：数据库第九课Reminiscent：提示的，怀旧的Entity：实体Implicit：隐式的，内含的Explicit：明晰的，明确的‘Intervening：干涉的Spaghetti model：面条模型Topological model：拓扑模型Envision：预见，展望Coordinate:坐标Enormous:巨大的Plotting device：绘图设备Precalculated:预先计算好的Incorporate：集成，包含Contact：接触Intersect：交叉，相交Identification：识别Tedious：冗长的Approximate：接近，使接近Polygon：多边形From node：终点Suffer：遭受Analog：模拟地图Graph theory：图论Portrayal：描述，画像Meandering：曲折的Drawback：缺点第十课Compact：紧密的Reduction：缩减，降低Codification：编码，译成代码Scheme：模式，计划Shorthand：速记法Theme：题目，主题第十一课Majority：大多数Algorithm：算法Plotter：绘图仪Rasterisation:栅格化Vectorisation：矢量化Approximation：近视，概算Pixel：像素Boundary：边界Minimise :使……最小化Sampling：取样Jaggedness:层次不齐Aliasing：扭曲，变形Signal processing：信号处理Counteracting；反作用Continuint；连续性Increment；增长Curve；曲线Neighbouring polygon相邻多边形Allocating；分配Areal；面积的Context，上下文，环境Dominant；重要的，强大的Clipped；裁剪的Rounding；圆的Associated；联合的Predict；预测Coherence；连贯性，相关性Aberration；偏离，偏差Strategy；策略Assumption；假定，臆断。
地理信息科学专业英语
专业术语英译汉affine 仿射band 波段cartography 制图学clip 剪切digitizer 数字化仪DLG 数字线划图dpi 每英寸点数edgematching 边缘匹配equator 赤道equiarea 等积geoid 大地水准面geospatial 地理空间GPS 全球定位系统Habitat 栖息地Interface 接口Item 项目Latitude 纬度legend 图例longitude 经度median 中值meridian 子午线metadata 元数据neatline 图廓线Object-Based 基于对象的parcel 宗地photogrammetry 摄影测量precipitation 降水量range 范围raster 栅格resample 重采样resolution 分辨率RMS 均方根scanner 扫描仪siting 选址TIGER 拓扑统一地理编码topology 拓扑tuple 数组UTM 通用横轴墨卡托投影vector 矢量专业术语汉译英保护区protected area比例尺Scale bar标准差Standard deviation标准图幅Standard picture frame单精度Single precision地理空间数据Geospatial data点缓冲区Point buffer动态分段Dynamic segmentation度量标准Metrics多项式变换Polynomial transformation高程基准Elevation base跟踪算法Tracking algorithm规则格网Rules grid过渡带Transition zone基于位置服务Based on location service 畸形线Malformation line几何变换Geometric transformation检验图Inspection chart解析几何Analytic geometry空间要素Space element平面坐标系统Planar coordinate system曲流河Meandering river人口普查地段Census Lot上四分位数The upper quartile矢量数据模型Vector data model数据可视化data visualization数据探查Data exploration双精度Double precision水文要素Hydrological elements泰森多边型Tyson Polygons统一建模语言Unified Modeling Language投影坐标系统Projection coordinate system 线缓冲区Line buffer遥感数据Remote sensing data用材林Timber forest晕渲法Halo rendering method指北针Compass属性表Property sheet最短路径分析Shortest path analysis最小二乘法Least squares method翻译例子如下。
大学GIS专业英语教学内容
Part I T he Basic Concept of GISLesson 1 What Is GISWHAT ARE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS?In the broadest possible terms, geographic information systems are tools that allow for the processing of spatial data into information, tied explicitly to, and used to make decisions about, some portion of the earth. This working definition is neither comprehensive nor particularly precise. Like the field of geography itself, the term is difficult to define and presents the integration of many subject areas. As a result, there is no absolutely agreed upon definition of a geographic information system. The term itself is becoming hybridized and modified to conform to intellectual, cultural, economic and even political objectives (Table 1). This terminology has, in fact, become extremely elastic, resulting in an increasingly confusing jargon due to new definitions that constantly creep into both the scientific and the popular literature.TABLE 1 Examples of Synonymous Terms for Geographic InformationSystem and the Source or Motivation behind Their Derivation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Terminology SourceGeographic information system United States terminologyGeographical information system European terminologyGeomatique Canadian terminologyGeorelational information system Technology-based terminologyNatural resources information system Discipline-based terminologyGeoscience or geological information Discipline-based terminologysystemSpatial information system Nongeographical DerivativeSpatial data analysis system Terminology based on what system does ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..This lack of accepted definition has resulted in many gross misconceptions about what a GIS is, what its capabilities are, and what such a system might be used for. It has lead some people to believe, for example, that there is no difference between computer assisted cartography, computer assisted drafting, and GIS. Because the graphic display from these three systems can look identical to both the casual and the trained observer, it is easy to assume that they are, with minor differences, the same thing. Anyone attempting to analyze maps will soon discover, however, that computer assisted cartographic (CAC) systems, computer systems designed to create maps from graphical objects combined with descriptive attributes, are excellent for display, but generally lack the analytical capabilities of a GIS. Likewise, for pure mapping purposes it is highly desirable to use a computer assisted cartographic system developed specifically for the input, design, and output of mappable data, rather than working through the myriad analytics of the GIS to produce a simple map. Computer assisted drafting (CAD) — (a computer system developed to produce graphic images but not normally tied to external descriptive data files) — is excellent software for the architect, speeding the process of producing architectural drawings, and simplifying the editing process. It would not be as easy to use for producing maps as would CAC, nor would it be capable of analyzing maps — generally the primary tasks assigned to the GIS.For the experienced user of GIS technology, there is no need for a definition. The complex geographical queries that demand its use normally could not be addressed by CAC and CAD. But for those who have only heard of these tools a definition might prove useful. A preliminary definition for consideration might be that of David Rhind, who defined GIS as “a computer system for collecting, checking, integrating and analyzing information related to the surface of the earth”. This definition has some highly worthwhile elements that should be examined. First, it indicates that the GIS deals with the surface of the earth. Although this is not an absolute requirement, the vast majority of GIS applications do deal with portions of the earth. Moreover, the statement that the GIS is used to collect, check, integrate, and analyze information enumerates a large number of the necessary groups of operations for any geographic information system.Many additional definitions of GIS have been proposed. Some have shown the strong linkage between manual and computer-based methods of map analysis. Most others have explicitly stated among its primary objectives, to act as a tool for analyzing data about the earth. As we will see at the end of this text, one can also extend the definition to include the organization and people involved in working with spatial data as well. Like any technology that changes as quickly as does GIS, the definitions themselves will likely change as well.For this text I have chosen to use a definition that more closely resembles the way the GIS operates as a series of subsystems within a larger system. That definition proposed as a standard by Marble and Peuquet, and used in some form by others in their own definitions, pretty much sums up what it is we do with a GIS and how we do it. It states that GIS deals with space-time data, and often, but not necessarily, employs computer hardware and software. More importantly, perhaps, is the subsystem nature of his definition that provides an easily understandable framework for the study of GIS. The GIS, according to this definition, has the following subsystems:A data input subsystem that collects and preprocesses spatial data from various sources. This subsystem is also largely responsible for the transformation of different types of spatial data (i.e., from isoline symbols on a topographic map to point elevation inside the GIS).A data storage and retrieval subsystem that organizes the spatial data in a manner that allows retrieval, updating, and editing.A data manipulation and analysis subsystem that performs tasks on the data, aggregates and disaggregates, estimates parameters and constraints, and performs modeling functions.A reporting subsystem that displays all or part of the database in tabular, graphic, or map form.(本文节选、改编自《Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems》，详见Reference [1])New Wordscomprehensive [ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] 全面的；无所不包的；综合性的intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃʊəl, -tjʊəl] 智力的，才智的jargon [ˈdʒɑːg(ə)n] 专业术语terminology [ˌtɜ:məˈnɔlədʒi:] 专门用语Geomatique地理信息技术Geoscience [ˌdʒi(:)əuˈsaiəns] 地球科学derivative [dɪˈrɪvətɪv] 派生物，衍生物Cartography [kɑːˈtɒgrəfi] 地图绘制学；地图绘制architect [ˈɑ:kitekt] 建筑师preliminary [priˈliminəri] 初步的；起始的；预备的enumerate [ɪˈnjuːməreɪt] 列举，枚举resembles [riˈzembl] 像，与…相似transformation [ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃən, -fɔ:r-] 转换Exercises1.List some examples of synonymous terms for GIS.2.What’s the subsystems of GIS defined in this text?Lesson 2 What Kinds of Functions Does a GIS Have?The subsystem definition allows for easy comparison between the modern automated GIS and its analog counterpart, particularly when considering the steps in the cartographic process (Table 1). The first GIS subsystem, the data input subsystem, is roughly equivalent to the first and second steps in the cartographic process — data collection and map compilation (Table 2). In traditional cartography the cartographer compiles or records a map made up of points, lines, and areas on a physical medium such as paper or Mylar. The data are collected from such sources as aerial photography, digital remote sensing, surveying, visual description, and census and statistical data. The automated counterpart uses electronic devices to record or encode points, lines, and areas into a computer system. Data collection sources are often the same as those used for traditional mapping, but now, include a wide variety of digital sources: digital line graphs, digital elevation models, digital orthophotoquads, and many more. Although the mechanics differ between the two technologies, the actual methods are strikingly similar.TABLE 1 Comparison of the Cartographic Process as Applied to Traditional Cartography (Map) and Geographic Information System (GIS) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Map GISData collection: aerial photos, surveys, etc. Data collection: aerial photos, surveys, etc.Data processing: aggregation, classing, Data processing: aggregation, classing, plusetc.; linear process analysis; circular processMap production: final step except for Map production: not always final step;Reproduction and dissemination normally one map used to produce still moreMapreproductionMapreproduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..TABLE 2 Analog Versus Digital GIS: A Comparison of Input Subsystem Functions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..MapInput: recorded (compiled) on paper from a collected source ·Points·Lines·AreasSources·Aerial photography·Digital remote sensing ·Surveying·Visualdescriptions·Census dataGIS Input: “encoded” into the computer from a collected source ·Points·Lines·AreasSources·Same as map data·Digital Line Graph (DLG)·Digital Elevation Models (DEM) ·DigitalOrthophotoquads ·Otherdigitaldatabases·Statistical data, etc...............................................................................................................................................................This is also the case for the second subsystem, the storage and retrieval subsystem (Table 2.3). Although there is no actual counterpart in the cartographic method, the map itself is the storage and retrieval tool. Points, lines, and areas that have been placed on the cartographic document are stored there for retrieval by the map reader. It has been said that the map is the most compact medium for the storage of spatially related information and may be the most complex form of graphic device available. In fact, the compactness of the map and its complexity frequently hamper the map reader’s ability to extract information.The GIS storage and retrieval subsystem has some advantages over the graphic map in that queries can be made of the data and only the appropriate, context-specific information recalled (Table 3). This format places more emphasis on formulating queries and asking the appropriate questions and less on overall map interpretation. In general terms，this subsystem stores, either explicitly or implicitly, the graphic locations of point, line, and area objects (entities), and their associated characteristics (attributes). Computer search methods are inherent in the GIS programs themselves to allow questions to be asked and for appropriate answers to be given.TABLE 3 Analog Versus Digital GI S: A Comparison of Storage and Retrieval Subsystem Functions .............................................................................................................................................................. Map GISPoints, lines, and areas are drawn on Points, lines, and areas are stored as grid cells orpointersincomputer.andwithpapersymbols. coordinatepairsRetrieval is simply a matter of map Attribute tables are associated with Reading. Coordinate pairs.Retrieval requires efficient computer searchtechniques. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..In the analysis subsystem, once again there is no exact cartographic method counterpart, except that the map is a fundamental tool for the analysis of spatially related data (Table 4). The analog map requires rulers to measure distances, compasses to find directions and dot grids or planimeters to measure areas. Furthermore the map analyst is restricted to the graphic methods used to present the data on the piece of paper or Mylar. Still, these map analysis tools have been used for a great many years because of the known utility of comparing spatially related phenomena in a quantitative manner.TABLE 4 Analog Versus Digital GIS: A Comparison of Analysis Subsystem Functions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Map GISRequires rulers, planimeters, compasses, and Uses the power of the computer to measure, other tools all used by the human compare, and describe contents of theanalyst databaseRestricted to the data as they are aggregated Allows ready access to the raw data and allows and represented on the paper map aggregation and reclassification forfurther analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..The analysis subsystem is the heart of the GIS. The need to analyze maps to compare and contrast patterns of earth-related phenomena, exemplified by the long-standing tradition of doing so with traditional maps, provides an impetus to find more convenient, faster, and more powerful methods. GIS analysis uses the power of the modern digital computer to measure, compare, and describe the contents of the databases. It allows ready access to the raw data and allows aggregation and reclassification for further analysis. Not only is it not limited in the types of data it can retrieve but it can combine selected data sets in unique and useful ways far beyond what the traditional map could provide on a single sheet.Of course, once an analysis has been performed, there is generally a need to report these results. In cartography, whether it be traditional analog cartography or its digital equivalent, computer assisted cartography, the output is generally the same — a map. The most common purpose of cartography, at least from the user perspective, is to produce a map product, usually in copies for multiple recipients. In fact, production and reproduction are the final two steps in the cartographic method.A major difference between GIS and cartography, beyond the emphasis on analysis in GIS, is the method of reporting the results of analysis (Table 5). Although many users, perhaps even most, will still require mapped output, there are many options available in modern GIS. Some typical noncartographic output could include tables listing, for example, the anticipated crop yields per hectare by soil type or predicted changes in population densities by census district. Alternatively, either of these results also could be output as a series of histograms or line graphs. Supplementally, digitally encoded photographs of selected sites could be placed on the map margins or within the tables or charts.TABLE 5 Analog Versus Digital GIS: A Comparison of Reporting and Output Functions .............................................................................................................................................................. Map Output GIS OutputGraphic device only The map is only one type of GIS outputMany forms of maps With minor exceptions, GIS offers same Modifications can include cartograms, options as traditional hand-drawn mapsEtc.Also includes tables, charts, diagrams,photographs, etc...............................................................................................................................................................More advanced GIS features are available, as well. Examples include output in the form of printed mailing labels for a search of a database of potential customers to facilitate the distribution of advertising. A 911 emergency system database could be connected to a police or fire department, so that when a caller reports an emergency, the information can be directly routed to the nearest emergency service. This output could also be in the form of a route map showing the fastest path from the emergency branch to the site of the emergency. In fact, the types of output are often dictated more by the use for which the GIS is employed than by the software. And, like the users of maps, the outputs are many and varied.Among the more interesting phenomena arising from the wide range of users is a new set of terms defining the system on the basis of what it does. For example, one could have a police information system, a natural resources information system, a census information system, a rangeland evaluation system, a land information system, a cadastral information system, and so on. Although these terms are generally descriptive of the use for which the GIS is being employed, they do little to clarify the exact nature of the system. In fact, they generally add considerably to the confusion. Perhaps a more structured approach to classification of GIS in the form of a taxonomy would prove useful (Figure 1).InformationNonspatial SpatialNon-geographic Geographic information system (GIS)Other GIS Land information system(LIS)Socioeconomic Census...Non-parcelbased Parcel basedManagementsystemsCAD/CAMFigure 1 A taxonomy of information systems. The illustration shows how GIS and LIS fit in.This taxonomy diagram clearly shows the separation between spatial and nonspatial information systems. The GIS appropriately fits under the spatial information systems category. Two general classes of spatial information systems are identified: geographic and nongeographic. Nongeographic information systems, although they frequently deal with some portion of geographic space, seldom have strong locational links to the earth itself. In other words, they are not generally geocoded. Thus such systems as computer assisted drafting and computer aided manufacturing, come under the nongeographic spatial information systems heading.Within geographic information systems there is yet another bifurcation. GIS are divided into land information systems (LIS) and nonland information systems, or other geographic information systems. Although the division is somewhat artificial, it is important because it separates the applications of GIS technology into those that are primarily focused on the land itself and those that, although being geocoded, are more focused on information that might either affect or be affected by land-related factors. These uses include census information systems whose primary focus is on populations and their housing and economic activities, rather than on the land on which they reside or even on their use of the land. Another (non-land-related) GIS application might include applications surrounding political redistricting. Although political redistricting, by its very nature subdivides or apportions the land into discrete portions, such activities generally have little or no direct and immediate impact on the land itself. Rather, political redistricting affects the voting patterns of those living on the land surface. A common non-land-related use of GIS is market analysis, which may include a determination of the amount of market within reasonable reach of a business (allocation) or might involve an analysis of existing facilities to determine where best to put a competing or complementary facility (location). Locating fire stations, schools, and other facilities falls into this category. In general, non-land-related GIS activities tend to entail social, economic, transportation, and political types of activities.Land-related activities provide the framework for the second, and possibly the most often used type of GIS, the land information system (LIS). Such systems are based most often on the ownership, management, and analysis of portions of the earth most frequently of interest to humans primarily because of their condition of ownership. Land information systems are further subdivided into parcel based and non-parcel based. Non-parcel-based LIS include natural resources information systems, such as those used by national park services, land management agencies, and the like. Activities within the non-parcel-based LIS could include habitat evaluation, conservation easement procurement, wildlife evaluation, earthquake and landslide prediction, flood hazard abatement, chemical contamination evaluation, forest and range management, and scientific investigation.Parcel-based LIS applications are generally focused on landownership and other cadastral investigations. The defining criterion is that the land be divided into surveyed parcels having legal descriptions. Although this terminology could also apply to such portions of land as national forests, it generally assumes that the parcels are smaller than this. Fundamental to applications of these types is a highly accurate geodetic framework upon which the parcels can be precisely described. LIS applications involve traditional survey methods and are among the largest users of NA VSTAR’s Global Positioning System (GPS) for acquiring this locational information. Once an accurate geodetic framework and cadastral system have been developed, many analyses of land-tenure change can be performed with the assurance of a high degree of measurement accuracy. Included in such studies are those attempting to arrive at compatible multiple land uses within selected parcels of land. Some of these studies may require the incorporation of a multipurpose cadastre — a parcelization framework that allows analysis of multiple land-parcel-related phenomena.Whether they are land related or human related, the applications of GIS technology are many and varied, offering enormous possibilities for both simple and extremely sophisticated analysis. Most of today’s applications are quite limited in sophistication, however. Generally, this under use of system capabilities seems to be related more to a lack of understanding of the existing potential of GIS, rather than to actual software limitations. Before we can ask software to perform a particular task, we must be aware of what that task might be. Then we can see whether the software is capable of accomplishing it. People using today’s GIS software are frequently heard saying, “Hey, I didn’t know we could do that with the computer!” The exclamation is one of discovery, not unlike the reaction of geographers of old as they ventured into the jungle with pith helmet and machete. For the person newly introduced to GIS software, the journey into new dimensions of geographic exploration has just begun.(本文节选、改编自《Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems》，详见Reference [2])New Wordsautomated ['ɔ:təmeitid] 自动化的equivalent [i'kwivələnt] 等价的，相等的cartographer [kɑ:'tɔgrəfə] 图制作者,制图师Mylar ['mailɑ:] 胶片electronic [ilek'trɔnik] 电子的encode [in'kəud] 编码orthophotoquad 正射影象图aerial ['єəriəl] 空中的,航空的,空想的aggregation [ægri'geiʃən] 集合,聚合,集合体reproduction [,ri:prə'dʌkʃən] 再现,复制,生殖dissemination [di,semi'neiʃən] 传播,宣传,传染(病毒)counterpart ['kauntəpɑ:t] 相似之物compactness [kəm'pæktnis] 致密性complexity [kəm'pleksiti]复杂，复杂性hamper ['hæmpə] 阻碍,使...困累,困累retrieval [ri'tri:vəl] 取回,恢复,修补analog ['ænəlɔɡ] 模拟的planimeter [plæ'nimitə] 测面器；求积仪phenomena [fi'nɔminə] 现象quantitative ['kwɔntitətiv] 数量的,定量的Histogram [ˈhistəuɡræm] 直方图；柱状图Supplementally[,sʌpli'mentəli]追加；补充modification[mɔdifi'keiʃən] 修改；变型；cartogram ['kɑ:təɡræm] 统计地图；统计图hand-drawn 手绘emergency [i'mə:dʒnsi] 紧急的employe [ˌemplɔiˈi:,imˈplɔii] 雇用clarify ['klærifai] 澄清,阐明,使...明晰taxonomy ['tæk'sɔnəmi] 分类学；分类法bifurcation [baifə'keiʃən] 分歧，分叉；分歧点parcel ['pɑ:sl] 地块conservation [,kɔnsə'veiʃən] 保存，保持；保护procurement [prəu'kjuəmənt] 获得，取得；采购wildlife ['waildlaif] 野生动植物的earthquake ['ə:θkweik] 地震landslide ['lændslaid] 泥石流，山崩cadastral [kə'dæstrəl] 地籍的；（有关）土地清册的geodetic [,dʒi:əu'detik] 大地测量学的；最短线的sophisticated [sə'fistikeitid] 精致的；复杂的Exercises1.Discribe the differences and connections of cartographic process of GIS with traditionalcartography.pare analysis subsystem functions between GIS and analog maps.3.How GIS fits in the taxonomy of information systems?Lesson 3 Origins and Applications of GISINTRODUCTIONThe need to place information in a geographical text pervades many aspects of human activity. In public and commercial organizations, many of these activities are connected with the recording and planning of the human-made environment, with monitoring and managing the natural environment, with transport and navigation, and with understanding social structures. It is an inevitable consequence of the revolution in information technology that we should attempt to build computing systems to handle this geographical information. The results of these technological efforts are reflected in the fields of geographical information systems (GIS) and computer cartography which are the subject of this book.When compared with the development of computing systems for maintaining commercial and financial information, progress in the field of geographical information systems has been remarkably slow. One of the earliest clearly identifiable geographical information systems is the Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS), which was developed for planning purposes. Although the system can be regarded as having laid the foundations, in the mid 1960s, for many subsequent GIS, it was not in fact followed by a proliferation of similar systems. It was only in the late 1980s that we saw the introduction of proprietary GIS which could claim to meet a significant proportion of the data-handling requirements of organisations concerned with geographical information. Examples of organizations in which these requirements arose include environmental mapping agencies, local and regional government administrations, marketing companies, mineral exploration companies, the military, and utility companies supplying water, electricity, gas and telecommunications.The relatively late introduction of commercially marketed GIS technology may be explained, to some extent, by the fact that the type of information to be stored in these systems is more complex, and more difficult to process at a basic level, than that found in conventional business information systems. The reasons why geographical data processing is more complex than commercial data processing relate both to the nature of geographical information itself and to the type of retrieval and analysis operations performed upon it. Geographical information is typically concerned with spatially referenced and interconnected phenomena, such as towns, roads and administrative areas, as well as less precisely defined regions with environmental attributes, such as woodlands and marshes. Physical structures and locations are defined by geometric data consisting of combinations of points, lines, areas, surfaces and volumes, in association with classifications and statistical data that attach real-world meaning. These collections of data must be treated in a manner which retains the integrity of the whole objects to which they refer, at different levels of abstraction, rather than as isolated pieces of data. Enquiries on geographical information frequently require some form of spatial search or analysis to be performed on individual regions or on combinationsof particular phenomena. Such procedures often require quite sophisticated geometric procedures for manipulation and transformation.In contrast, commercial data processing can, in general, be reduced to sets of comparative operations on the names or identifiers of, for example, personnel or goods, and to arithmetic operations on attribute values, such as salary and price, which are associated with them. These operations involve less complex algorithms than those required for spatial data. It could also be argued that the development of information technology was initially in response to non-spatial data-processing problems and as such it has been adapted to those requirements. GIS may be seen as one of a number of classes of information processing that require additional layers of special-purpose procedures.Computer systems for storing and retrieving geographical data are now at a relatively advanced stage of development, but it is still a rapidly developing field and many problems remain to be solved if these systems are to meet all the requirements of spatial analysis and decision-making. Because many organisations need to access a mix of data relating to technical, commercial and human resource issues, a measure of the effectiveness of GIS technology in the future may be the extent to which it becomes absorbed within the information infrastructure and hence disappears as an information processing system in its own right!CARTOGRAPHY AND GISThe fact that geographical information is spatially referenced means that it is associated, at least conceptually, with the field of cartography, as the traditional method of recording the location of spatial phenomena and the relationships between them. The application of computing technology to geographical information handling impacts therefore upon the discipline of cartography. Historically, the development of GIS may be seen to have paralleled efforts to automated cartographic production methods. The growth in the application of GIS technology is now so great however that, to some, cartography appears to be becoming subsumed within the field of GIS. This viewpoint may be understood if we see that the traditional role of cartography has combined the function of helping us understand spatial relationships with that of providing a database recording the form of the earth’s surface and the objects located upon it. The introduction of GIS does not necessarily eclipse the role of cartography in the visualisation of spatial knowledge but, as a means of storing, managing and analysing that knowledge, a GIS provides immense benefits when compared to the analogue technology of conventional maps.Geographical information system may then be seen to be taking over and greatly extending the role of spatial data storage which was previously played by maps. Once spatial data have been represented in digital form it becomes very much easier to carry out measurements on the data, to perform analysis in various ways, and to make changes to it. Some of the operation can be applied without recourse to a graphic map of any sort. For example, one could enquire about the distance between two named places or, say, the area of coniferous forest within a named county, without referring to a map.。
GIS专业英语词汇
GIS专业英语词汇Alogrithm:算法；Pixel:像元Accuracy:准确度；Plotter:绘图仪；Application:应用；Polygon:多边形ArtificialIntelligence(AI):人工智能；Precision:精度；Aspect:方位Proximityanalysis:邻近分析Attribute:属性；Query:查询；Binary:二进制；Recode:重编码:系数据库；Booleanoperation:布尔*作（逻辑*作）Relationaldatabase关Buffer:缓冲区；Sitesuitabilityanalysis:位置适宜度分Cartography:制图学；析Cell:单元；Spatialaccuracy:空间准确度；Chain:链Spatialanalysis:空间分析Continuousdata:连续数据Spatialprecision:空间精度；Coordinatesystem:坐标系统Spatialrelationship:空间关系Database数:据库；Subset:子集；Databaseapproach:数据库方法Terrainanalysis:地形分析Databasemanagementsystem(DBMS):Thematicmap:专题地图；数据库管理系统Topology:拓扑Dataentry:数据输入；TrackingGIS:动态GIS；Dataset:数据集UTM(UniversalTransverseMercator)：Datastandards数:据标准；通用横轴麦卡托投影Datastructure:数据结构Node:结点；Datavisualization:数据可视化；Vertex:节点Deriveddata:派生数据Viewshed:可视域Originaldata:原始数据；vector矢量Digitize:数字化；merge合并Digitizer:数字化仪slope溢出Discretedata:离散数据；terrain地形Distributedsystem:分布式系统infrastructure基础设施Fractal:分形；dynamic动态的Geocoding:地理编码（地址编码）sequence顺序Georeferenced地:理参考；cumulative积累Landinformationsystem(LIS):土地信outline大纲息系统horizon视野Mapalgebra:地图代数；substantial真实的Mapprojection:地图投影paradigm范例Mapscale:地图比例尺；perceptions理解Metadata:元数据integrated完整的Overlay:叠置；analog类似物Parcel:地块coherence连贯的Peripherals:外设；impairing削弱面tentative延伸的trendsurface趋势holographic透视的designate描绘currency流行的discrete离散ultimate终极unambiguous明确的z ones尺度utilities公共事业tabular表格的sparse稀少distribution分配coordinate坐标标abarchart直方图i con图depicted描述configuration参数scale比例尺clustered群聚的retrieval检索l unarcrater火山口spatial空间的termed术语为⋯⋯census人口puchhydrologic水文的assembled集中的function功能configuration配置buffer缓冲的cutting－edge前沿temporal暂时terrific极端critical关键的overlay叠加demographic人口统计的accomplishment技巧vary改变thematic主题s pan跨度tremendously非常的eruption火山爆发multidisciplinary多学科的hazard灾难holistic整体的frame结构hub轴心erosive侵蚀dimensional维数animation动态peripheral外设obsolete荒废的innovative创新的extrapolated推断的interdisciplinary交叉学科preliminary预备的competent有能力的address反映attribute属性spreadsheet电子表格interchanged相互交换synergy协同reference参照物grid栅格constitute组成trait特点sphere球cartography制图core中心diverse不同的identification区别magnitude数量sample采样surveyedsite测量点proximity相近的statisticalanalysis数据分析latitude经度query查询longitude纬度滤landscape外观filter过descend下降polygon多边形option选择scope范围drag拖perimeter周长WOED格式redundancy冗余arc弧duplication复制view视图查询inspected检accommodate查decimal十进制outline轮廓arbitrary随意的hence从此以后robust增强coordinateposition坐标位置dedicate致力于border边界even偶数evolution发展rectangular矩形exaggerated放大的rasterization栅格化curve曲线magnifictionfangdajagged锯齿状的unaidedeye肉眼plotter绘图仪coarse粗糙demonstrate演示resolution分辨率relevant相关crude粗糙moderate中等digitized数字化stack大量linear直线manipulate*作triangle三角形cancel抵消adjacent临近的compensate补偿ends端点topology拓扑的bends拐点intuitive直觉vertice顶点versus与⋯⋯相对node节点seamless无缝的segment段。
GIS专业英语
GIS专业英语Abscissa 横坐标absolute accuracy 绝对精度absolute coordinates 绝对坐标Absorption 吸收abstraction 抽取accuracy 精度Add Data 添加数据Across-track scanner 跨径扫描仪active remote sensing 主动遥感Address geocoding 地址地理编码address locator地址定位器Address matching 地址匹配agreement licensee 协议被许可人Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 高级甚高分辨率辐射仪Air station 航摄站alidade照准仪along-track scanner 沿径扫描仪Alphanumeric grid 字母数字网格Anaglyph 视差立体图analog image模拟图像Analysis mask 分析掩模anisotropy各向异性Antipode对跖点apogee远地点Arc 弧architecture 架构archive档案argument参数Arithmetic expression 算术表达式aspatial data 非空间数据aspect ratio纵横比Astrolabe 星盘atlas grid地图集网格atmospheric window大气窗口Atomic clock 原子钟attenuation 衰减authentication 身份验证author 作者Autocorrelation 自相关automated cartography 自动化制图automation scale 自动化比例Autovectorization 自动矢量化axis 轴azimuthal projection 方位投影Backscatter 后向散射band 波段band ratio 波段比band-pass filter 带通滤波器Bandwidth 带宽bar scale比例尺(图形比例尺) base layer 底层base station基站Batch 批量batch geocoding 批量地理编码batch processing 批处理Batch vectorization 批量矢量化bathymetric curve 等深线battleships grid战舰网格Bayesian statistics 贝叶斯统计bearing方位角Bézier curve 贝塞尔曲线Bilinear interpolation 双线性内插法binding绑定binomial distribution 二项式分布Biogeography 生物地理学blind digitizing 盲目数字化block group街区群Block kriging 块段克里金法bookmark 书签boolean 1.布尔数据类型; 2.布尔值Boolean operator 布尔运算符boundary边界boundary line 界线Boundary monument 界标boundary survey 边界测量bounding rectangle边界矩形Bowditch rule 包狄法则break point 断点breakline断裂线browser 浏览器Buffer area 缓冲区business logic 业务逻辑CAD 计算机辅助设计(computer-aided design)Cadastral survey 地籍测量cadastre 地籍calibration 校准,定标callout line标注线Camera station 摄站capacity容量cardinal point方位基点cardinality基数Cartesian coordinate system 笛卡尔坐标系cartogram 统计图cartographer 制图员Cartography 制图学cartouche地图饰框catalog tree 目录树catchment流域Categorical raster 类目栅格celestial sphere天球cell size栅格大小cells 栅格Cellular automaton 元胞自动机census block人口普查区块Census geography人口普查地理学center 中心点centerline中心线centerpoint中点Central meridian中央子午线centroid 重心chart 图表chi-square statistic卡方统计Choropleth map 面量图chroma色度chronometer 天文钟circle圆Circular variance 圆方差civilian code民用码Clarke Belt克拉克带Clarke ellipsoid 克拉克椭球Clarke spheroid 克拉克椭球面Clearinghouse(信息或服务)交换中心clinometric map坡度图code-phase GPS 码相位GPS Cognitive map认知图coincident重叠cokriging协同克里金法command 命令Command line 命令行compass north罗经北compass point 罗经点compass rose罗经盘Compass rule罗盘仪法则compression program 压缩程序Computational geometry计算几何学Containment 包含Conformal projection 等角投影,保角投影,正形投影conformality保形性Conic projection 圆锥投影conjoint boundary共同边界constant azimuth恒定方位Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata 数字地理空间元数据的内容标准Continuous raster 连续栅格contour 等高线,等值线contour drawings 等高线图,等值线图Contour interval 等高线间距,等值线间距contour line等高线,等值线Contour tagging 等高线标注,等值线标注contrast ratio 对比度Contrast stretch 对比度扩展convergence angle收敛角conversion转换Convex hull 凸包coordinate geometry坐标几何学coordinate system 坐标系Coordinated universal time 协调世界时correlation相关Corridor analysis走廊分析, 廊道分析county subdivision县级分区Covariance 协方差Coverage 1.覆盖面；2.ESRI图层Cracking 裂化Crandall rule Crandall 法则crop guide 裁切参考线crop marks 裁切标记Cross correlation 交叉相关cross covariance 交叉协方差cross tabulation 交叉表Cross validation 交叉验证Cross variogram交叉变差函数Cubic convolution立方卷积插值法cultural feature人文要素Cultural geography文化地理学curb approach路边通道curve fitting曲线拟合Customizations 自定义cylindrical projection圆柱投影Dangle length悬线长度Dangle tolerance 悬线容差dangling arc 悬弧Dasymetric mapping分区制图（多用于人口数据）data management 数据管理Data table 数据表dataset 数据集datum基准DBMS 数据库管理系统(data-base management system) Dead reckoning 航位推测法Declination 1.偏角;2.磁偏角degree slope坡度Delaunay triangulation 德洛内三角Delimiter 分隔符demography人口统计学Densify 增密densitometer密度计Density slicing 密度分割deploy 部署或安装（硬件、软件等）Depression contour 洼地等高线depth contour等深线Depth curve 深度曲线Descending node 降交点Desire-line analysis期望线分析desktop 桌面Desktop clients 桌面客户端Desktop GIS 桌面GIS destination目标Determinate flow direction确定性流向Deterministic model 确定性模型Detrending 趋势分离developable surface可展表面developer 开发人员Development environment 开发环境Diazo process重氮晒印法difference 差异Differential correction 差分校正Differential Global Positioning System 差分全球定位系统Diffusion 扩散Digital elevation model 数字高程模型Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard 数字化地理信息交换标准Digital Geographic Information Working Group 数字地理信息工作组Digital image processing 数字图像处理Digital line graph 数字线划图Digital nautical chart 数字海图Digital number 数值Digital orthophoto quadrangle 数字正射影像图Digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle 数字正射影像象限图Digital raster graphic 数字栅格图digital terrain elevation data 数字地形高程数据Digital terrain model 数字地形模型digitizer数字化仪Dijkstra’s algorithm狄捷斯特拉算法dilution of precision精度衰减因子Dimension 尺寸，维，维度directed network flow有向网络流Direction 方向Dirichlet tessellation荻瑞斯莱特镶嵌，荻瑞斯莱特剖分Discovery 发现discrete data离散数据discrete digitizing离散数字化Discrete raster 离散栅格数据Displacement 位移display scale显示比例Display unit显示单位dissemination扩散,传播distance距离Distance decay距离衰减Distance unit距离单位Distortion变形district 地区Dithering 抖动Diurnal arc周日弧docking停靠Doppler shift多普勒位移Doppler-aided GPS 多普勒辅助GPS dot density map点密度图Dot distribution map 点分布图double precision双精度Double-coordinate precision 双坐标精度Douglas-Peucker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法downstream下游Drafting 描绘draping叠加，披盖drift漂移drive-time area驾车时间区Drop-down list 下拉列表drum scanner鼓式扫描仪Dual Independent Map Encoding 双重独立坐标地图编码Dynamic zoom 动态缩放Easting 东距eccentricity 偏心率ecliptic 黄道edge边Edgematching 边缘匹配elastic transformation弹性变形Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱electronic atlas电子地图集element 元素Electronic navigational chart 电子航海图Elevation guide 高程指南ellipsoid 椭球体Ellipticity 椭圆率End offset 末端偏移endpoint 端点enterprise GIS 企业级GIS Entity objects 实体对象envelope包络矩形environmental model 环境模型Ephemeris 星历表equal competition area平等竞争区equal-area classification等积分类Equal-area projection 等积投影equal-interval classification等距分类Equatorial plane 赤道面equidistant projection等距投影ESRI Data ESRI 数据Event 事件exponent指数export导出exposure station 摄站expression表达式Extended 扩展extent范围extrapolation 外插法extrude 拉伸extrusion拉伸Face 平面false easting 东移假定值false northing北移假定值feature 要素Federal Geographic Data Committee 美国联邦地理数据委员会field 字段Fill 填充fillet圆角filter过滤器，过滤flow direction流向flow map流向图Focal analysis邻域分析focal functions邻域函数form 地形，形式fractal 分形Framework 框架frequency 频率from-node 起点Full Extent 完整范围Fuzzy boundary 模糊边界Fuzzy classification 模糊分类fuzzy set 模糊集合Fuzzy tolerance 模糊容差Gauss-Krüger projection 高斯-克吕格投影Generalization 概化，（数据库或地图的）综合技术Geocentric coordinate system 地心坐标系geocode地理编码geocoding 地理编码Geocomputation 地理计算geodata 地理数据geodatabase 地理数据库Geodatabase data model 地理数据库数据模型Geodataset 地理数据集Geodesic 测地线Geodetic 测地学geographic coordinate system 地理坐标系Geographic information science 地理信息学Geographic Information System (GIS) 地理信息系统(GIS)Geography 地理学geography level 地理等级Geography Markup Language地理标记语言Geoid 大地水准面geoid-ellipsoid separation大地水准面-地球椭球面分离Geolocation 几何定位geometric coincidence 几何重叠Geometric correction 几何校正Geometric dilution of precision 几何精度衰减因子Geometric network 几何网络Geometric transformation 几何变换Geometry 几何学geomorphology 地貌学Geoprocessing 地理处理Georectification地理校正Georeference 地理参考Georeferencing 地理参考georelational data model 地理相关数据模型Geospatial data 地理空间数据geospatial data clearinghouse 地理空间数据交换中心Geospatial technology 地理空间技术Geospecific model 地学相关模型Geostationary 对地静止geostatistics地理统计学geosynchronous 对地同步Geotypical model 典型地理模型GIS地理信息系统GIScience地理信息学Global Navigation Satellite System 全球卫星导航系统Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GUI GUI (图形用户界面)Global spatial data infrastructure 全球空间数据基础架构Glyph 字形gnomonic projection日晷投影Go to ǿȀ转至ǿȀGPS 全球定位系统Grad 梯度(原英文单词可能有误) gradian 梯度gradient 坡度，斜率graticule 经纬网Gravimeter 重力计gravimetric geodesy 大地重力学gravity model 引力模型Gray scale 灰度great circle 大圆Greenwich mean time格林尼治标准时间Greenwich meridian格林尼治子午线grid 网格grid cell网格单元ground 大地,地面Hachure 晕渲线Hamiltonian circuit汉密尔顿回路Hamiltonian path汉密尔顿路径Height 高度Helmert transformation 线性正形变换hemisphere半球Heuristic 试探算法，试探函数hexadecimal 十六进制High Accuracy Reference Network高精度基准网High Precision Geodetic Network高精度大地基准网Hillshading 坡面阴影，晕渲histogram equalization直方图均衡化Hole 孔洞Horizontal geodetic datum 水平大地基准human geography 人文地理学Hydrography 水文地理学hydrologic cycle水循环hydrology水文学hyperlink 超链接Hypsography 测高学，地势图hypsometric curve等高线hypsometric map地势图Hypsometry 测高法Identify 识别identity link一致性链接illumination照度image coordinate图像坐标Image data 图像数据image division图像除法运算image scale 图像比例尺Image space 图像空间imager成像仪impedance阻抗import 导入IMS IMS (网络地图服务器,Internet Map Server) incident energy入射能量Index 索引index map索引图infrared scanner红外扫描仪Infrastructure 基础设施inset map插图instance 实例instantiation实例化Integer data 整数型数据integration 集成intensity 亮度Interactive vectorization 交互矢量化Interchange format 交换格式Interferogram干涉图intermediate data中间数据International date line 国际日期变更线international meridian国际子午线International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织Interpolation内插法interrupted projection分瓣投影intrinsic stationarity 内在稳态Inverse distance weighted interpolation 反距离加权内插法Irregular triangular mesh 不规则三角网Irregular triangular surface model 不规则三角面模型Isanomal 等地平Isarithm 等数线Isobar 等压线isochrone 等时线Isohyet 等雨量线Isolines 等值线isometric line 等容线isopleth 等值线isotherm等温线Isotropy无向性iteration 迭代iterative procedure迭代过程Jaggies 锯齿Jenks’ optimization詹克斯优化joint operations graphic 联合作战地图Junction element 交点元素Kernel 内核key identifier 主标识符kinematic positioning 动态定位Knockout 分离区(信号或通讯的中断) known point 已知点Kohonen map 柯霍南图Kriging 克里金法label标签labeling 标注lag 间隔land cover土地覆盖land information system土地信息系统land use土地利用landform 地形landmark 地标Landsat 陆地卫星landscape ecology景观生态学large scale 大比例尺lattice 点阵面layers 层layout 布局least squares 最小二乘法level 水平leveling 水平测量library 类库license 许可证license agreement 许可协议licensee 被许可人lidar 激光雷达line线line feature线要素line of sight 视线line simplification 线条简化line smoothing 线条平滑linear dimension 线性尺寸linear feature 线性要素linear interpolation 线性内插法linear referencing 线性参考(用于交通GIS) linear unit 线性单位localization 本地化location query 位置查询location-allocation 位置分配location-based services 基于位置的服务logarithm 对数logical network逻辑网络loop traverse 闭合导线loxodrome 恒向线Magnetic bearing 磁方位magnetometer 磁力计majority resampling 多数重新采样Map algebra 地图代数map collar地图边缘map display 地图显示Map document地图文档map element地图元素map extent地图范围Map feature 地图要素map generalization 地图概化,地图综合Map projection 地图投影Map query 地图查询map reading地图阅读map scale 地图比例尺map series地图系列Map service 地图服务map sheet地图map style地图风格map unit 地图单位Mapping 制图mask掩模mass point散点mathematical operator 数学运算符Matrix 矩阵mean center平均中心mean sea level 平均海平面Mean stationarity 平均稳态Measure 测量measure value 测量值Measurement residual 测量残差median中间数median center平均中心Mental map 意境图meridian子午线metadata 元数据Metropolitan statistical area 大都市统计区microdensitometer 测微密度计Micrometer 1.测微计; 2.微米minimum bounding rectangle 最小边界矩形Minimum map unit 最小地图单位minor axis短轴misclosure 闭合差Mitigation 减轻mobile clients 移动客户端Mobile GIS 移动GIS Model 模型Monument 标石morphology 形态学mosaic 镶嵌图mud pit 泥浆池Multichannel receiver 多频道接收器multidimensional data多维数据Multipart feature 多部分要素multipatch feature 带纹理要素Multiplexing channel receiver 多路复用频道接收器multipoint feature 多点要素Multispectral scanner 多光谱扫描仪multivariate analysis 多元分析My Places 我的位置National Spatial Data Infrastructure 美国国家空间数据基础设施Natural breaks classification 自然分类navigation 导航Navstar Navstar (美国国防部全球定位系统联合服务项目)Neighborhood statistics 邻域统计networked 联网node 节点Noncoterminous polygon 非相连多边形nonversioned 非版本normal distribution 正态分布Normal probability distribution 正态概率分布northing 北距Oblate ellipsoid扁椭球体oblate spheroid扁椭球面offset 偏移Oill spill 溢油(原文oill 应为Oil) Online GIS 在线GISOpen Geodata Interoperability Specification 开放地理空间数据互操作规范Open Geospatial Consortium 开放地理空间协会open traverse 不闭合导线OpenGIS Consortium OpenGIS 协会OpenLS OpenLS (OpenGIS所包含的Open Location Service)Operand 运算数operator运算符optical center 光学中心ordinal data序数数据Ordinary kriging 普通克里金法ordinate 纵坐标Ordnance Survey 英国陆地测量局Orientation 方向origin point 原点orthogonal offset 正交偏移Orthographic 正交orthomorphic 正形orthophoto 正射影像Orthophotograph 正射影像orthophotoquad 无等高线正射影像overview map 总览图Orthophotoscope 正射投影仪orthorectification 正射校正outlier 异常值Outline vectorization 轮廓矢量化output data 输出数据Overlay 重叠Overprinting 套印Pan 平移panchromatic sharpening 全色锐化parallax bar 视差尺Parameter 参数parametric curve 参数曲线passive remote sensing 被动遥感Passive sensors 被动传感器Path 路径Pathfinding 路径搜寻peak山峰Percent slope 斜率perigee 近地点persistence 持久性photogeology 摄影地质学Photogrammetry 摄影测量学Photomap 摄影地图photometer光度计Physical geography 自然地理学pit 洼地，山谷placement 放置Planar coordinate system 平面坐标系planar enforcement 平面强化planarize平面化Plane 平面planimetric map 平面图planimetric shift 平面位移Platform 平台Plot 绘图plotter绘图仪plumb line铅垂线point 点point digitizing 点数字化Point event 点事件point feature 点要素point line 点线Point mode digitizing 点模式数字化point size点大小Point-in-polygon overlay 多边形内点重叠polar aspect 极方位坡向Polar flattening 极向扁率polar orbit 极轨道polar radius 极半径Policy and management 政策与管理Polygon overlay 多边形重叠Polyhedron 多面体Polyline 折线position位置postal code 邮政编码precision code 精确码Prime meridian 本初子午线prime vertical 东西圈probability map概率图Profile graph 剖面图projected coordinate system 投影坐标系Projective transformation 射影变换prolate ellipsoid 长椭球体property属性Proximity analysis 邻近分析pseudo node 伪节点pseudo-random number伪随机数Public Land Survey System美国公共土地测量系统pyramid金字塔QQ plot QQ 图quadrangle maps 梯形图幅quadrant象限quadrat analysis样方分析Quadtree 四叉树quantile 分位数quantile classification 分位数分类Quantile scatter chart 分位数散点图quantitative data 数量数据Quantitative geography 数量地理学query 查询Radar altimeter 雷达测高计Radar interferometry 雷达干涉测量Radian 弧度Radiation 辐射radio button 单选按钮radio waves 无线电波radiometer 辐射计Radiometric 辐射测量radius半径random noise随机噪声range范围,距离Range domain 范围域,距离域raster 栅格raster band栅格层raster cell 栅格单元Raster data model栅格数据模型Raster dataset band 栅格数据层Raster model 栅格模型Raster preprocessing 栅格预处理Raster snapping 栅格贴齐Raster tracing 栅格跟踪Rasterization 栅格化ratioing 比值法ray tracing 光线跟踪RDBMS 关系数据库管理系统reclassification 重分类Record 记录Record selector 记录选择器rectangular survey 矩形测量rectification 校正Rectilinear 直线,纵横线redistricting 重新区划reference data 参考数据Reference grid 参考网格Reference level 基准面Reference map 基准图Reference spheroid 参考椭球面Reference system 参考系统Referential integrity 参照完整性Reflectance 反射率reflected back 反射Region 地区，区域regression回归relational join 关系结合Relational operator 关系运算符relationship 关系relative accuracy相对精度Relative bearing 相对方位relative mode 相对模式relative path 相对路径Release of hazardous liquids 有害液体的泄漏relief efforts 救助Relief shading 地貌晕渲remote-sensing imagery 遥感图像Replaced hachuring 替代晕渲法replication 复制Representation 表示法，表现Representative fraction数字比例尺reprojection 重新投影resampling 重采样Residuals 残差resolution merging 分辨率融合restriction 限制Reverse geocoding 反地理编码rhumb line 恒向线ring 圆环ring study圆环分析River addressing 河道寻址rotation 旋转route路线row行R-tree R 树Satellite image 卫星图像satellite imagery 卫星图像saturation饱和度Scalable 可伸缩scale bar 比例尺scale factor 比例系数scale range 比例尺范围Scatter chart 散点图scene 场景,景(卫星图像单位) Schema 架构Seamless pan 无缝平移secant projection 正割投影section 弧段segment线段Self-organizing map 自组织影射图semantics 语义semimajor axis 半长轴Semiminor axis 半短轴semivariogram 半变差函数Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Sensor 传感器sequence 序列sequential analysis 顺序分析Serialization 序列化Server GIS 服务器GIS sextant 六分仪shaded relief image 晕渲地貌图Shaded relief map 晕渲地貌图shading 晕渲Shape 形状Shapefile 形状文件(ESRI数据格式) shield盾牌,(地质学)地盾shift位移Shortcuts 快捷方式short-range variation 短程变化signal 信号Signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比signature特征significance level 显著性水平Sill 基台simple kriging 简单克里金法simultaneous conveyance 同时传达Sink 端点，汇点site prospecting 选址分析slope坡度smooth 平滑Snapping tolerance 捕捉容差soil 土壤sonar 声纳soundex 语音编码算法Source 起点，源点source data 源数据space coordinate system 空间坐标系Spaghetti data 无位相数据spaghetti digitizing 无位相数字化spatial analysis 空间分析Spatial cognition 空间认知spatial data 空间数据Spatial Data Transfer Standard空间数据传输标准spatial database空间数据库Spatial join 空间结合spatial modeling 空间建模spatial overlay空间叠加Spatial query 空间查询spatial reference空间参考spatial weights matrix空间权重矩阵Spatialization 空间化spectral resolution 光谱分辨率spectral signature 光谱特征Spectrometer 光谱仪spectrophotometer分光光度计Spectroscopy 光谱学Spectrum 光谱sphere球体spheroid 椭球面,椭球体spider diagram蛛网图Spike 尖峰，异常线spline 样条函数spot 点spurious polygon 伪多边形Standard deviation 标准偏差Standard Generalized Markup Language 标准通用标记语言Standard Industrial Classification codes 标准工业分类代码Star diagram 星形图state状态state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标系Static positioning 静态定位Stationarity 稳态Stationing 定位参考Statistical surface 统计表面steep 陡峭steradian 球面度Stereocompilation 立体测图Stereogrammatic organization 立体法结构Stereographic projection 球极平面投影Stereometer 体积计Stereomodel 立体模型Stereopair 立体像对Stereoplotter 立体绘图仪stochastic model 随机性模型stream digitizing 流数字化Stream mode digitizing 流模式数字化stream tolerance 流容差streaming 数据流Stretch 拉伸string 线段串，字符串Structure 结构study area 研究区域Surface fitting 曲面拟合surface model 曲面模型surround element 周边元素Survey marker 方位标survey monument方位标survey station测点Symbol 符号Tangent projection 切面投影taskbar 任务栏temporal data 时态数据Temporal GIS 时态GIS territory 地域Tessellation 网格化textbox 文本框Texture 纹理thematic map 专题地图theodolite 经纬仪Thiessen polygons 泰森多边形Thinning 细化third normal form 第三范式three-dimensional shape 三维形状Three-tier configuration 三层结构threshold ring analysis 阈值环分析Tidal datum 潮位基准面tie point 连接点tie survey 连接测量Tissot indicatrix 天梭指示线tolerance 容差toolbar 工具栏,工具条toolbox 工具箱Tools toolbox 工具工具箱topographic contours 地形等高线topography地形学, 地形Topological overlay 拓扑重叠Topology error 拓扑误差toponym 地名tour巡回路线Township 镇区tracing 跟踪tracking data 跟踪数据tract 人口普查区transaction事务Transformation 变换transit rule 过渡法则translation平移，转换Transverse aspect横轴法投影traverse 导线triangulated irregular network 不规则三角网Triangulation 三角测量trilateration 三边测量true bearing 真实方位true curve 真实曲线True north 真北tuple 元组turn impedance转弯阻抗turn-by-turn maps多段显示地图Tutorial 教程uninitialized flow direction 未初始化的流向United States Geological Survey 美国地质勘测局univariate distribution 一元分布Universal kriging 通用克里金法universal polar stereographic 通用极球面投影坐标网Universal Soil Loss Equation 通用土壤流失方程universal time 世界时Universal transverse Mercator 统一横轴墨卡托投影upstream 上游Urban geography 城市地理学Urban Vector Map 城市矢量图Valency 度validation验证variable 变量variance 方差Variance-covariance matrix 方差协方差矩阵 Variogram 变差函数Variography 变差法Vector 矢量vectorization 矢量化verbal scale 言语比例尺Vertex 顶点Vertical axis 纵轴vertical coordinate system 垂直坐标系Vertical exaggeration 垂直夸大Vertical geodetic datum垂直大地基准Vertical photograph 垂直航拍图viewshed 视域visible scale range 可见比例范围Visual center 视觉中心visual hierarchy 视觉层次visualization可视化V oronoi diagram V oronoi 图V oxel 三维像素Warping 变形waterfall model 瀑布模型Watershed 分水岭Wavelength 波长wavelet compression 小波压缩wayfinding 路线搜寻Waypoint 路点Web clients Web 客户端Web-enabled 支持Web Weight 权重Weighted mean center 加权平均中心weighted moving average 加权移动平均Weighted overlay 加权重叠weird polygon 复杂多边形well 水井World 世界Windowing 窗口Wireframe 线框workbook 工作簿,练习册workflow 工作流Zenithal projection 天顶投影zonal analysis 区域分析zonal functions 区域函数zone of interpolation 内插区zoning 分区zoom 缩放。
地理信息科学专业英语
专业术语英译汉affine 仿射band 波段cartography 制图学clip 剪切digitizer 数字化仪DLG 数字线划图dpi 每英寸点数edgematching 边缘匹配equator 赤道equiarea 等积geoid 大地水准面geospatial 地理空间GPS 全球定位系统Habitat 栖息地Interface 接口Item 项目Latitude 纬度legend 图例longitude 经度median 中值meridian 子午线metadata 元数据neatline 图廓线Object-Based 基于对象的parcel 宗地photogrammetry 摄影测量precipitation 降水量range 范围raster 栅格resample 重采样resolution 分辨率RMS 均方根scanner 扫描仪siting 选址TIGER 拓扑统一地理编码topology 拓扑tuple 数组UTM 通用横轴墨卡托投影vector 矢量专业术语汉译英保护区protected area比例尺Scale bar标准差Standard deviation标准图幅Standard picture frame 单精度Single precision地理空间数据Geospatial data点缓冲区Point buffer动态分段Dynamic segmentation度量标准Metrics多项式变换Polynomial transformation 高程基准Elevation base跟踪算法Tracking algorithm规则格网Rules grid过渡带Transition zone基于位置服务Based on location service畸形线Malformation line几何变换Geometric transformation 检验图Inspection chart解析几何Analytic geometry空间要素Space element平面坐标系统Planar coordinate system曲流河Meandering river人口普查地段Census Lot上四分位数The upper quartile矢量数据模型Vector data model数据可视化data visualization数据探查Data exploration双精度Double precision水文要素Hydrological elements泰森多边型Tyson Polygons统一建模语言Unified Modeling Language投影坐标系统Projection coordinate system 线缓冲区Line buffer遥感数据Remote sensing data用材林Timber forest晕渲法Halo rendering method 指北针Compass属性表Property sheet最短路径分析Shortest path analysis最小二乘法Least squares method翻译例子如下。
GIS专业英语chapter 3 Geo
GIS专业英语chapter 3 Geo-referencing部分翻译Geo-referencing describes the process of locating an entity in “real world” coordinates, establishing a relation between raster or vector images to map projections or coordinate systems. This procedure is thus imperative to data modeling in the field of GIS and other cartographic methods. When data from different sources need to be combined and then used in a GIS application, it becomes essential to have a common referencing system. There are many findings devoted to Geo-referencing. Topics which are usually included in the contents of geo-referencing are:GeodesyMap projectionsCoordinate Systems空间参照描述的过程在“现实世界”的坐标定位一个实体,建立栅格或矢量图像映射关系预测或坐标系统。
这个过程是必须的数据建模领域的GIS和其他制图方法。
当需要将来自不同数据源的数据组合,然后用于GIS应用程序,就必须有一个共同的参照系统。
有许多研究致力于注释。
主题在注释的内容通常包括:大地测量学地图投影坐标系统Geodesy is the science of measuring and monitoring the size and shape of the Earth and the location of points on its surface. The elements of Geodesy are the figure of the Earth, Datum and gravity.The Earth's shape is nearly spherical, with a radius of about 3,963 miles (6,378 km), and it`s surface is very irregular. Mountains and valleys make actually measuring this surface impossible because an infinite amount of data would be needed.大地测量学是科学的测量和监测地球的大小和形状和表面上的点的位置。
GIS专业英语词汇
本列已按英文首字母排序accelerate to加快、促进trianguiated irregular net access接近、访问、获取securityaccurate精确的implicitacross在……范围之上、遍布、覆盖octahedronadjacency相邻性courtesyadjective修饰语radiusadoption采用incorporatealgorithm算法mcorporatealtitude海拔、高程retainaltitude matrices高程矩阵eruptionanalyse动词proposedanalysis名次pump stationanalyst分析的人或物scaleanalytical stereo-plotters解析立体测图仪inevitableanticipate预计boundaryarchival存档assignaspect坡向flagassign标记labelpointassociated with与……相关criteriaassume假定tabular databarrier障碍irregular patchesbase map底图propertybasin盆地samplebit字节adoptionboundary边界referencebranches分支manipulatebreakdown分界surveying and mapping breaklines断崖线、断层线componentbreaks in slope 断崖线generalizationbroadly大致sizebudget预算extractcalculation计算occurcartographic制图学的verticalcartography制图simulatecatograhic制图coarsecell sides/space/size单元格大小archivalcell size单元格尺寸broadlycensus tract统计片区one-way streetcharacter特点、特色cell sizecharged收费cell sides/space/size chart图表contourscinstraint约束、限制isolinescivil土木base mapcliffs悬崖surface waterclockwise顺时针方向地land parceclosed封闭的parcelcoarse粗的geomorphometric coincidence一致性terrain elevationcombine由……组成underground water commercial商业的groundwater level committee委员landformcommunication通信landscapecomponent成分terrainconcentration集中性、浓度、密度topographic mapconcept概念geomorphological connectivity连通性geologicconsult咨询recursivecontaminant污染的polecontext内容verticecontiguity邻接性quantitativecontiguity analysis相邻性分析quantitative measurements continuous连续的analysecontours等高线、等值线dynamicscorridor通道steep slopecost field权值字段steepnesscounty集、县breaks in slopecoupons优惠券breaklinescourse路线versuscourtesy版权multifacetedcoverage图层multiplecriteria标准、条件icosahedroncritical lines特征线Inverse Distance Weighting curves曲线、弯曲状scopecustomer territory销售领地spectrumcut-and-fill填方和挖方scenariosdata formats数据格式schemedata redundancy数据冗余simulationdata structure数据结构decibeldecay衰退resolutiondecibel分贝distributiondelineation描述、描绘、画轮廓layeringdelivery route配送路径line segmentdemonstrate证明segmentderivative派生出的breakdownderive派生analystdevelopment开发branchesdifference in water pressu水压差ramificationsdigital aeria photographs数字航空影像closeddiscipline规则symbolizediscrete point离散点reshapedistinct明显的、清晰的conceptdistribution分布introducedistrict区域、地方、行政区elevationdrainage山谷线altitude matricesdrop down list下拉菜单freewaydynamics动态的formatelevation高程、海拔traceemphasis重点、强调industrialerror误差formaleruption爆发functionalityestimate评估waterethics伦理道德water pipelineevacuate疏散water featuresevaluate评估passesevaluation规则managementexpansion扩张pipeexplicit明显的plannerextension扩展disciplineextension扩展模块evaluationextract抽取、提取local-regular patches facet小面片shorelinesfield字段altitudefine精细的incorporated byfitting拟合mouth of the riverflag标志river networkflexible灵活的sinkformal公式make it activeformat格式、版本countyfreeway高速公路integrationfunctionality功能integritygeneralization呈现concentrationgeologic地质的geometric modelgeometric model几何模型plangeomorphological地形学的、地貌的calculation geomorphometric地貌accelerate toglobal-fourier全局傅里叶weightinggroundwater level地下水水位assumehealth care provider卫生保健提供商subtracthillshade晕渲succinctlyhomogeneous同类的robusthorizontal水平的progressive sampli hurricane飓风precipitationhydrologic水文rainfallicosahedron二十面体junctionillustrate用图表示interactiveimplicit暗示的、暗含的scriptin concert with同时accessinability无能力analytical stereo-plotters incorporate包含、吸收interpretincorporated by和……叠加urgentindustrial工业的perform spatial analysis inevitable必然的prohibitinhibit抑制、禁止longitudeintegration集成accurateintegrity集成preciseinteractive交互式的fineinterpolate内插landscape designinterpret解译residentintroduce概述matrixInverse Distance Weighting反比距离加权法hurricaneirregular patches不规则分块developmentisolate使隔离、使孤立switchisolines等值线viewshedjunction交叉点、接合点thoughKriging克里金法optionallabelpoint标志点Krigingland parce地块extensionlandform地形extensionlandscape design景观设计discrete point land-use classes土地利用的类型polytechnic latitude纬度stereoscopic layering分层connectivity legend图例continuousline of sight视线contiguityline segment分段线flexiblelinear analysis线性分析retaillocal-regular patches规则分块territory longitude经度navigatemake it active激活run-offmake use of使用……watershed management管理routemanipulate操作、操纵pathfinding manual digitizing人工数字化coursemanually手工数字化ethicsmatrix矩阵delineation mcorporate包含、吸收analysis millennium一千年explicitmouth of the river河口distinct multifaceted多层面的patternmultiple多个interpolate navigate浏览contextneighbor cell相邻单元格fittingnested嵌套的sewer linesnotes注意orderednumerical modelling数值建模deriveoccur出现derivative octahedron八面体delivery route one-way street单向道basinoptimal最佳的planaroptional可选的uniform terrain ordered排序的、有序的estimateorigin point原点evaluateparcel地块reviewpasses关口slopepathfinding路径查询aspectpattern模型、模式、图案profileperform spatial analysis进行空间分析nestedpersent提出requestphysical geography自然地理sphericalpipe管线、管道districtpipeline networks管网Trendplan计划、规划curvesplanar平面的weight filters planner规划师cost fieldpointer指针global-fourier pole电线杆manual digitizing policy政策、方针redundancy polytechnic理工的triangulation precipitation降雨量triangular facet precise精确的triangleprevious现有的triangle listprofile剖面three-demensional progressive sampli渐进采样法scannerprohibit禁止drainageproperty财产ridgespropose提出commercialproposed被计划的upstreamproximity相邻性、临近性set uppump station泵站trialquantitative定量utility network quantitative measurements定量测量isolateradius半径make use ofrainfall降雨量line of sightramifications分支、分流suitabilityrapid change突变chargedraster栅格manuallyrecursive递归、循环evacuateredistricting重新分配termredundancy冗余data formatsreference参考文献data structurereference引用data redundancyregion源、地区numerical modelling relatively相对地digital aeria photographs relief地形decayreligious宗教的wellrequest请求stream coursesreshape改变图形形状horizontalresident居民hydrologicresidential住宅的、与居民有关的difference in water pressu resolution分辨率clockwiseretail零售algorithmretain保留stepreview评论characterridges山脊线critical linesriver network河流网络persentrobust健壮性、鲁棒性proposeroute路径、道路、网线、线路cut-and-fillrun-off流失corridorsample采样communicationsatellite data 卫星数据homogeneousscale比例尺in concert withscanned已扫描的statisticalscanner扫描仪statisticsscenarios方案census tractscheme方案rapid changescope范围chartscratch抓coveragescript脚本程序table of contentssecurity安全legendsegment分割、段soil seriessequential序列的land-use classesset up设定civilsewer lines排水管线tileshift转变、转化latitudesimulate刺激、起作用health care provider simulation仿真satellite datasink汇contaminantsize尺寸、规模inabilityslope坡度errorsoil series土地级别drop down list specialty专业领域existingspecify指定previousspectrum范围linear analysis spherical球面的relativelystatistical统计的neighbor cell statistics统计量（值）adjacencysteep slope陡坡proximitysteepness陡峭程度contiguity analysis step台阶tesselation stereoscopic立体的customer territory stream courses水流线、河谷线、河道facetsubtract减adjectivesuccinctly简洁地、简便地sequentialsuitability适用性cliffssummary总结compactsurface water地表水millenniumsurveying and mapping测绘coincidenceswitch开关scannedsymbolize符号化inhibittable of contents图层显示表referencetabular data表格数据illustrateterm术语couponsterrain地形、领地combineterrain elevation地面高程associated with territory领土、范围prior preparation tesselation镶嵌anticipatethough可是、虽然、不过、然而budgetthree-demensional三维的origin pointtile瓦片regiontopographic map地形图cinstrainttrace跟踪、追踪hillshadeTrend趋势面法acrosstrial审判rastertriangle三角形barriertriangle list三角形表demonstrate trianguiated irregular net TIN不规则三角网policytriangular facet三角面specifytriangulation三角测量pointertrilist三角形表cartographyturn转弯catograhic underground water地下水cartographicuniform terrain平坦地形、地形平坦emphasisupstream上游redistrictingurgent紧急的residentialutility network实用网络notesversus对抗scratchvertical垂直的specialtyviewshed可视域turnwater供水consultwater features供水设施physical geography water pipeline供水管线fieldwatershed流域、分水岭、分界线bitweight filters权值过滤器religious weighting加权的summarywell水井optimal本列已按中文首字母排序TIN不规则三角网安全暗示的、暗含的八面体版权半径包含、吸收包含、吸收保留爆发被计划的泵站比例尺必然的边界标记标志标志点标准、条件表格数据不规则分块财产采样采用参考文献操作、操纵测绘成分呈现尺寸、规模抽取、提取出现垂直的刺激、起作用粗的存档大致单向道单元格尺寸单元格大小等高线、等值线等值线底图地表水地块地块地貌地面高程地下水地下水水位地形地形地形学的、地貌的地质的递归、循环电线杆顶点、结点定量定量测量动词动态的陡坡陡峭程度断崖线断崖线、断层线对抗多层面的多个二十面体反比距离加权法范围范围方案方案仿真分贝分辨率分布分层分段线分割、段分界分析的人或物分支分支、分流封闭的符号化改变图形形状概念概述高程、海拔高程矩阵高速公路格式、版本跟踪、追踪工业的公式功能供水供水管线供水设施关口管理规则规则规则分块海岸线海拔、高程和……叠加河口河流网络汇激活集、县集成集成集中性、浓度、密度几何模型计划、规划计算加快、促进加权的假定减简洁地、简便地健壮性、鲁棒性渐进采样法降雨量降雨量交叉点、接合点交互式的脚本程序接近、访问、获取解析立体测图仪解译紧急的进行空间分析禁止经度精确的精确的精细的景观设计居民矩阵飓风开发开关可视域可是、虽然、不过、然而可选的克里金法扩展扩展模块连通性连续的邻接性灵活的零售领土、范围浏览流失流域、分水岭、分界线路径、道路、网线、线路路径查询路线伦理道德描述、描绘、画轮廓名次明显的明显的、清晰的模型、模式、图案内插内容拟合排水管线排序的、有序的派生派生出的配送路径盆地平面的平坦地形、地形平坦评估评估评论坡度坡向剖面嵌套的请求球面的区域、地方、行政区趋势面法曲线、弯曲状权值过滤器权值字段全局傅里叶人工数字化冗余三角测量三角面三角形三角形表三角形表山脊线商业的上游设定审判实用网络使隔离、使孤立使用……视线适用性收费手工数字化疏散术语数据格式数据结构数据冗余数值建模数字航空影像衰退水井水流线、河谷线、河道水平的水文水压差顺时针方向地算法台阶特点、特色特征线提出提出填方和挖方通道通信同类的同时统计的统计量（值）统计片区突变图表图层图层显示表图例土地级别土地利用的类型土木瓦片纬度委员卫生保健提供商卫星数据污染的无能力误差下拉菜单现存的、已有的现有的线性分析相对地相邻单元格相邻性相邻性、临近性相邻性分析镶嵌销售领地小面片修饰语序列的悬崖压缩一千年一致性已扫描的抑制、禁止引用用图表示优惠券由……组成与……相关预处理预计预算原点源、地区约束、限制晕渲在……范围之上、遍布、覆盖栅格障碍证明政策、方针指定指针制图制图制图学的重点、强调重新分配住宅的、与居民有关的注意抓专业领域转变、转化转弯咨询自然地理字段字节宗教的总结最佳的。
GIS专业英语完整版本
6
最新课件
Points 1 What Is GIS?
• Computer system for
▫ capturing ▫ storing ▫ querying ▫ analyzing ▫ and displaying geographically referenced
data.
Real World
Secondary Development and
Programming
Fundamental Function
Application Function
GIS Functio
n
Resource Management
Regional Planning
Homeland monitoring
Aided Decision
In accordance with its function, It is divided into: (1) GIS Professional Software. (2) Database Software. (3) Systems Management Software, etc.
With its hierarchical structure below:
22
最新课件
(2) Database Software
✓ ESRI Personal database(mdb) SDE(sde for oracle | mysql | sqlserver)
✓ Oracle spatial ✓ Mysql spatial ✓ PostgreSQL+PostGIS
Software
Hardware
Data
People
Methods
(整理)GIS专业英语词汇.
1．Activity patterns 活动模式2．Added value 附加值3．Analytical cartography 分析制图4．Application programming interfaces 应用编程接口5．Aspatial data 非空间数据6．Association of geographic information 地理信息协会7．Attribute data 属性数据8．Attribute representation and transformation 属性表现和转9．Attributive geographic data 属性地理数据10．Availability and accessibility 可用性和可获取性11．Azimuthal projections 方位投影12．Batch vectorization 批量矢量化13．Beer consumption 啤酒消费14．Benchmarking 基准15．Binary counting system 二进制计算系统16．Binomial distribution 二项式分布17．Bivariate gaussian distribution 二元高斯分布18．Block encoding 块编码19．Brian best fit line 最优线20．Capture costs 获取代价21．Capture project 获取工程22．Cartesian coordinate system笛卡尔坐标系23．Cartograms 统计地图24．Cartographic generalization 制图综合25．Cartographic modeling 地图建模26．Cartometric transformations 量图变换27．Catalog view of database 数据库目录视图28．Census data人口普查数据29．Census of population 人口普查30．Central place theory 中心区位论31．Central point rule 中点规则32．Central tendency 中心倾向33．Choropleth mapping分区制图34．Classification procedures 分类过程35．Cluster analysis 聚类分析36．Coastline weave 海岸线37．Codified knowledge 编码知识38．Collection workflow 采集工作流39．Collection-level metadata 获取级元数据40．Commercial-off-the-shelf systems 成熟的商业化系统41．Component object model 组件对象模型42．Computer assisted mass appraisal 辅助大量估价"43．Computer-aided design-based geographic information systems 基于计算机辅助制图的地理信息系统44．Computer-aided software engineering tool 计算机辅助软件工程工具45．Confidence limits 置信界限46．Conformal property 等角特性47．Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵48．Conic projections 圆锥投影49．Consistency and quality 一致性和质量50．Constant term 常数项51．Contagious diffusion 传染扩散52．Content standards for digital geospatial metadata 数字地球空间元数据目录标准53．Continuing professional development 持续专业发展54．Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析55．Cost-effectiveness evaluation 成本效率评估56．Counting method 计算方法57．Cylindrical equidistant projection 圆柱等距投影58．Cylindrical projections 圆柱投影59．Dasymetric mapping 分区密度制图60．Data model 数据模型61．Data storage 数据存储62．Database management system 数据库管理系统63．Database management systems 数据库管理系统64．Decision support 决策支持65．Deductive reasoning 演绎推理66．Degrees of freedom 自由度67．Density estimation 密度估算68．Dependence in space 空间依赖69．Desktop geographic information systems 桌面地理信息系统70．Desktop paradigms 桌面范例71．Digital chart of the world 世界数字化图72．Digital divide 数字鸿沟73．Digital earth 数字地球74．Digital elevation models 数字高程模型75．Digital line graph 数字线划图76．Digital raster graphic 数字影像图77．Digital representation 数字表现78．Digital terrain models 数字地形模型79．DIME (dual independent map encoding) program 美国人口调查局建立的双重独立地图编码系统80．Discrete objects 离散对象81．Douglas-poiker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法，一种矢量数据抽稀算法82．Dublin core metadata standard 都柏林核心元数据标准83．Dynamic segmentation 动态分割84．Dynamic simulation models 动态仿真模型85．Ecological fallacy 生态谬误86．Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱87．Emergency evacuation 应急撤退88．Environmental applications 环境应用89．Environmental impact 环境影响90．Equal area property 等面积特性91．Evacuation vulnerability 疏散的漏洞92．Evolution of 的演化93．Exploratory spatial data analysis 探测空间数据分析94．External validation 外部检验95．Federal geographic data committee 联邦地理数据协调委员会96．Finger-printing 指纹97．First law of geography 地理学第一法则98．First law of geography 地理学第一法则99．Fly-bys 飞行100．Forward sortation areas 由加拿大邮政编码前三位符号确定的地理范围101．Frame variogram 变异函数的框架102．Frequentist interpretations 频率论解释103．Friction values 摩擦力值104．Futures, geographic 未来，地理的105．Fuzzy approaches 模糊方法106．Fuzzy data analysis 模糊数据分析107．Fuzzy membership 模糊隶属108．Gap analysis 缝隙分析109．Gaussian distribution 高斯分布110．Geary index 基尔指数111．Genetic algorithms 遗传算法"112．Geographic data capture 地理数据获取113．Geographic data formats 地理数据格式114．Geographic data technology 地理数据技术115．Geographic database types 地理数据库类型116．Geographic extensions 地理扩展117．Geographic individual 地理个体118．Geographic information systems application servers 地理信息系统应用服务器119．Geographic information 地理信息120．Geographic names information system 地理名称信息系统121．Geographic problems 地理问题122．Geographic query and analysis 地理查询和分析123．Geographic representation 地理表现124．Geographical analysis machine 地理分析机125．Geography network 地理网络126．Geoinformation engineering 地理信息学工程127．Geological survey and defense mapping agency 地质测量和防卫制图机构128．Geological survey 地质测量129．Geoschematic visualization 地理视觉表现130．Geostationary orbit 与地球位置相对不变的轨道131．Global positioning system 全球定位系统132．Global spatial data infrastructure 全球空间数据基础设施133．Graphic symbols 图形符号134．Graphical data models 图形数据模型135．Graphical user interface 图形用户界面136．Great circle 大圆137．Grid index 网格索引138．Ground surveying 大地测量139．Half life 半衰期140．In practice 实际上141．In tax assessment 征税估价142．Indicator kriging 克利金法143．Inductive reasoning 归纳推理144．Information ownership 信息所有权145．Information science 信息科学146．Institute geographique national 国家地理所147．Intangible objectives 非明确目的148．Integrated development environment 集成开发环境149．Interaction modeling 交互模型150．Intercept term 拦截期限151．Interval attributes 间隔属性152．Inverse distance weighting 反距离权重法153．Invitation to tender 标案竞投154．Isopleth (isoline) maps 等值线地图155．Isotropic effects 等方性效果156．Knowledge economy 知识经济157．Knowledge of form 知识形式158．Kruger national park 克鲁格国家公园159．Lambert conformal conic projection 兰勃特等角圆锥投影160．Land information system 土地信息系统161．Landmark information system 地标信息系统162．Landsat thematic mapper sensor 陆地卫星163．Largest share rule 最大共享法则164．Levels of abstraction 提取等级165．Lifestyles data 生活方式数据166．Light metadata 轻量级元数据167．Linear distance decay 线性距离衰退168．Linear referencing systems 线性参考系统169．Living with 伴随…170．Local area network 局域网171．Local government 地方政府172．Local level 地方级173．Location-allocation problems 位置分配问题174．Location-based service 基于位置的服务175．Logical positivism 逻辑实证176．Market area analysis 市场区域分析177．Market penetration 市场渗透178．Martin cannibalizing 调拨179．Mean distance from the centroid 到质心的平均距离180．Mean square error 均方根误差181．Measurement error 测量误差182．Measurement of 误差测量183．Measurement scales 量测尺度184．Measuring degree 测量度185．Medieval art preservation 中世纪艺术保留" 186．Mercator projection 墨卡托投影187．Metric georeferences 公制地理参考188．Military maps 军用地图189．Military satellites 军用卫星190．Minimum aggregate travel 最小旅行距离191．Minimum bounding rectangle 最小外包矩形192．Minimum mapping unit 最小制图单元193．Model of geographic information systems innovation diffusion 地理信息系统创新扩散模型194．Modifiable areal unit problem 可变区域单元问题195．Moran index 莫然索引196．Move set 移动装置197．Multi-criteria decision-making 多标准决策支持198．Multiple objectives 多重目标199．Multiresolution seamless image database 多分辨率无缝的影像数据库200．Multi-user editing 多用户编辑201．Multivariate mapping 多元制图202．Napster napster公司文件交换软件203．National gap analysis program 国家缝隙分析计划204．National geospatial data clearinghouse (美国) 国家地球空间数据中心205．National grid of great britain 大不列颠国家网格206．National level 国家级207．National map accuracy standard 国家地图精度标准208．National mapping program 国家制图计划"209．National spatial data infrastructure 国家空间数据基础设施210．Navigation technologies 导航技术211．Negative autocorrelation 负自相关212．Network data model 网络数据模型213．Nominal attributes 名词属性214．Nominal case 名词格215．Nominal data 名词数据216．Nomothetic geography 以法律为依据的地理学217．Normative uses of geographic information systems 地理信息系统使用的标准化218．North american datum of 1983北美1983大地基准219．Null hypothesis 虚假设220．Object management group 对象管理组织221．Object-level metadata 对象级元数据222．Object-relational database management systems 对象关系型数据库管理系统223．Onstar system 移动信息系统224．Operational decisions 操作决策225．Operational navigation chart 操作导航图226．Optimized version 优化的版本227．Optimum paths 最优路径228．Ordinal attributes 顺序属性229．Ordinary least squares 最小二乘法230．Ordnance survey 全国地形测量231．Orienteering problem 定向运动问题232．Orthophotoquads 正射影象图233．Ownership of information 信息所有权234．Paper maps 纸质地图235．Paul customer support 客户支持236．Percent correctly classified 按正确率分类237．Per-pixel accuracy 像元精度238．Per-point accuracy 点精度239．Pessimistic locking 保守式锁定240．Photogrammetry 摄影测量241．Pie charts 饼图242．Pilot study 试点研究243．Planar projections 平面投影244．Planimeter method 测面计方法245．Planning assistance for superintendent scheduling 监督调度的规划协助246．Planning information system 规划信息系统247．P-median problem 中量问题248．Point in polygon 多边形内的点249．Point pattern analysis 点模式分析250．Polygon overlay 多边形叠置251．Positional error 定位误差252．Positive autocorrelation 正自相关253．Post codes 邮政编码254．Postal addresses 邮政地址255．Predictor variables 预报变量256．Pricing of geographical information 地理信息的定价257．Process knowledge 流程知识258．Professional geographic information systems 专业地理信息系统259．Public land survey system 公共土地测量系统260．Publishing industry 出版业261．Quadtree indexes 四叉树索引262．Quality of life 生活质量263．Radar topography mission 雷达地形测绘任务264．Raster compression techniques 栅格压缩技术265．Raster data capture 栅格数据获取266．Raster data model 栅格数据模型267．Raster overlay 栅格叠置268．Raster-based geographic information systems 基于栅格的地理信息系统269．Ratio attributes 比率属性270．Regression parameters 衰退参数271．Relational database management systems 关系数据库管理系统272．Relational databases 关系型数据库273．Relient energy 可靠性能源274．Remote sensing 遥感275．Representative fraction 典型的分形276．Request for proposals 请求提议277．Response variable 响应变量278．Routing problems 路径问题279．Rubber-sheeting 弹性伸缩280．Rule sets 规则集281．Run-length encoding 行程长度编码282．Sample frame 采样桢283．Sampling interval 采样间隔284．Satellite images 卫星影像285．Scale dependence 尺度依赖286．Scatterplot view of database 数据库散点图视图287．Schindler elevator corporation 迅达-电梯及自动扶梯公司288．Secant projections 切割投影289．Selective availability 选择可用性290．Self-similarity 自相似性291．Sierpinski carpet 施尔平斯基地毡292．Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀293．Spa marketing systems 温泉市场系统294．Space imaging 空间成像295．Spatial object representation and transformation 空间对象表现和转换296．Spatially aware professional 空间感知专业人员297．Species range maps 种类范围图298．Species richness maps 种类丰富图299．Spectral resolution 光谱分辨率300．Spurious polygon 乱真多边形301．Standard deviation 标准偏差302．Standard query language 标准查询语言303．State plane coordinates 美国平面坐标304．Statistical inference 统计推论305．Strategic decisions 战略决策306．Street centerline files 街道中心线文件307．Stripped-down metadata 分拆式元数据308．Subjectivist interpretations 主观解译309．SWOT analysis 优势(strength)、弱点(weakness)、机会(opportunities)、危机(threat)四点分析310．Symbolization generalization 符号综合311．Table view of dataset 数据集的表视图312．Tacit knowledge 默许知识313．Tactical decisions 战术决策314．Tangible objectives 切实目标315．Tax assessment 估税316．Temporal autocorrelation 时间自相关317．Temporal resolution 时间分辨率318．Terrain nominal 地形名词319．Theft of information 信息偷窃320．Thick client 胖客户端321．Thin client 瘦客户端322．Three-tier architecture 三层体系结构323．Time geography 时间地理324．Time-space geography 时空地理325．Topographic quadrangle maps 地形地图方格326．Topologic creation 拓扑建立327．Topologic dimension 拓扑维数328．Topologic properties 拓扑属性329．Topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing files 集成图形地理编码参照文件330．Transactional databases 事务数据库331．Transverse mercator projection 横向墨卡托投影332．333．Tree indexes 树状索引334．335．Triangulated irregular network 不规则三角网336．Types and sources 类型和来源337．Unified modeling language 统一建模语言338．Universal polar stereographic projection 通用横球面投影339．340．Universal soil loss equation 全球土地流失方程341．342．Universal transverse mercator projection 全球横向墨卡托投影343．University consortium for geographic information science 地理信息系统大学委员会344．Unobserved predictor variables 未观测预报变量345．Unprojected projection 非预料投影346．User interaction 用户交互347．Using scanners 使用扫描仪348．349．Value adding 增值350．Vanessa layer 图层351．352．Vector data capture 矢量数据获取353．Vector data model 矢量数据模型354．355．Virtual reality 虚拟现实356．357．Visualization in scientific computing 科学计算可视化358．359．Water facility object data model 水设施对象数据模型360．361．Wavelet compression 小波压缩362．Wide area network 广域网"363．World wide web 万维网364．Worst-case scenario 最差情况365．Zero autocorrelation 零次自相关。
gis专业英语
Today , a gis can be defined as a computing application capable of creating, strong, manipulating , visualizing, and analyzing geographic information. It finds its strongest applications in resources management, utilities management, telecommunications urban and regional, vehicle routing and parcel delicery, and in all of the sciences that the surface of the earth.今天，地理信息系统可以被定义为一个计算应用能够创造，强，操纵，可视化，地理信息和分析。
它发现它的强大的应用程序的资源管理，设施管理，电信城市和区域，车辆路径和包裹输送，并在所有科学的地球表面。
each geographic data set is characterized by the feature it depicts .its method for representing shape and locaton,and its utility for various geographic operations.Each modle has its own advantages and limitations and supports operations that other data types may not.每一个地理数据集的特点是特征描述。
其方法为代表的形状和位置，其效用的各种地理作业。
每个模型都有自己的优点和局限性和支持操作其他类型的数据可能不具有的。
Gis and spatial analysis have enjoy a changing relationship over the years, as computing has shifted its focus from processing to public communitication ,and exerted its influence on the ecolution of gis software.gis offers an unprecedented set of opportunities for the popularization of spatial analysis ,and ready access to complex and sophisticated routines by alarge user community.地理信息系统与空间分析有享受不断变化的关系，多年来，作为计算的重点已从处理公共通信，并对它施加影响的地理信息系统软件进化。
gis专业英语
merge 合并
slope溢出
terrain地形
infrastructure 基础设施
dynamic 动态的sequence 顺序cumulative积累
outline大纲
horizon视野
substantial真实的
paradigm范例
perceptions理解
option选项
drag 拖
redundancy冗余
duplication复制
accommodate查询
decimal 十进制arbitrary 随意的
robust增强
dedicate致力于
even偶数
rectangular矩形
rasterization栅格化magnifictionfangda unaided eye肉眼
Alogrithm:算法；
Accuracy:准确度；
Application:应用；
Artificial Intelligence(AI):人工智能；Aspect:方位
Attribute:属性；
Binary:二进制；
Boolean operation:布尔*作（逻辑*作）
Buffer:缓冲区；
Data entry:数据输入；
Data set:数据集
Data standards:数据标准；
Data structure:数据结构
Data visualization:数据可视化；
Derived data:派生数据
Original data:原始数据；
Digitize:数字化；
integrated完整的
地理信息科学专业英语课程简介
地理信息科学专业英语课程简介Introduction to Geographic Information Science Professional English Course.1. Course Overview.In the rapidly evolving field of Geographic Information Science (GIS), the ability to communicate and understand international research, technologies, and applications is paramount. The Geographic Information Science Professional English Course aims to equip students with the linguistic skills necessary to engage effectively in the global GIS community. This course focuses on enhancing students' reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills, specifically tailored to the unique vocabulary and terminology of GIS.2. Course Objectives.To introduce students to the fundamental terminologyand concepts of GIS in an English language context.To develop students' ability to read and understand technical documents, research articles, and online resources related to GIS in English.To enhance students' writing skills, enabling them to produce clear and concise technical reports, proposals, and emails in English.To improve students' speaking and listening skills, preparing them for international conferences, collaborations, and presentations.3. Course Content.The course covers a range of topics relevant to GIS, including:Basic terminology and definitions related to GIS, such as spatial data, remote sensing, cartography, and GIS software.Technical concepts and principles of GIS, including spatial analysis, data management, and geospatial databases.Applications of GIS in various fields, such as environmental science, urban planning, transportation, and disaster management.Current trends and developments in GIS, including big data, artificial intelligence, and geospatial analytics.4. Teaching Methods.The course employs a variety of teaching methods to ensure maximum student engagement and learning outcomes:Lectures and presentations: Delivered by experienced GIS professionals, these sessions introduce students to key concepts and terminology.Interactive discussions: Students engage indiscussions to deepen their understanding of GIS conceptsand applications.Reading assignments: Students are assigned technical articles and research papers to read and analyze, cultivating their reading comprehension skills.Writing assignments: Students practice writing technical reports, proposals, and emails, receiving feedback and guidance from instructors.Role-plays and simulations: These activities simulate real-world scenarios, preparing students for international conferences and presentations.5. Course Evaluation.Evaluation of student performance is based on a combination of assessments, including:Quizzes and tests: These assessments evaluate students' knowledge and understanding of GIS terminology and concepts.Reading comprehension exercises: These exercisesassess students' ability to understand and analyzetechnical articles and research papers.Writing assignments: Students submit technical reports, proposals, and emails for evaluation by instructors.Oral presentations: Students present their work infront of their peers, demonstrating their speaking and presentation skills.6. Conclusion.The Geographic Information Science Professional English Course is an integral part of preparing students for a successful career in the global GIS industry. By acquiring the necessary linguistic skills and knowledge, studentswill be able to engage effectively with international colleagues, participate in global projects, and contributeto the advancement of GIS research and applications.。
GIS专业英语常用术语
GIS专业英语常用术语(Ｆ－N）faｃiliｔｉes 设施;装备fａcility daｔa设施数据ｆａciliｔy insｔrｕｍent 设施设备fａciliｔy map 设施图facility netwｏrk 设施网络facility ｓｐlicｅ设施接合fasｔFoｕrｉeｒｔransfｏrm 快速傅立叶变换featｕre特征facilｉties 设施;装备faciｌity ｄaｔa 设施数据ﻫｆacｉlｉty inｓｔruｍｅnt 设施设备fａcilitｙmap 设施图fａcilｉty nｅtworｋ设施网络ﻫfaciｌityｓpｌice 设施接合faｓt Fｏｕrier ｔransfoｒm 快速傅立叶变换ｆeature 特征ﻫFeature anｄAｔtriｂute CｏdinｇCaｔａlogue地物与属性编码目录ﻫfｅａture attｒiｂute tabｌｅ特征属性表fｅatuｒe bounded 边界标识地物feaｔurｅｃlaｓｓ特征分类ﻫｆeature coｄes meｎｕ特征码清单featｕｒｅcｏdｅs 特征码ｆeature coding 特征编码ﻫfeaｔure extraｃtioｎ特征提取ﻫfeatｕre identiｆｉｅr 特征标识符ﻫｆeａｔｕreＩD 特征标识符ﻫfeａture instanｃe 特征实例ﻫfeatｕrｅｉtｅm 特征项feature maｒkｅd有标记特征feａture numｂｅｒ特征标识符feａｔｕre selｅction 特征选择ﻫｆｅatuｒe sｅｐaｒａtｉon 特征分类feaｔｕre spannｅd 跨区特征ﻫfeatｕre sｕpporteｄ支持特征ﻫfeature user-ＩD 特征用户标识码FederａｌIｎforｍatｉon Pｒｏcessｉng 联邦信息处理标准Stanｄaｒds(FIPＳ)ﻫFederal Ｉnformaｔiｏn Ｐrｏcessｉｎg Standards/ 联邦信息处理标准/空间数据转换标准Spatial Ｄａta Trａnsfer Sｔａndａｒd；ＦIPS/SDTSﻫfiｅld ［数据]域fｉｌｅ[计算机］文件ﻫ文件活动ﻫ文件属性ﻫ文件压缩ﻫ文件格式文件分段存储ﻫ文件管理索引文件完整性exｔenｓion 文件扩展名文件名ﻫ文件保护ﻫprｏtoｃol 文件服务器协议ﻫ文件服务器ﻫ文件集ﻫ文件说明；文件说明表文件结构ﻫ文件系统ﻫＰroｔocｏｌ文件传输协议ﻫ文件转换preｓｓioｎ文件压缩ｅｘｔｅｎsiｏn文件后缀名ｆill paｔｔｅrn 填充模式fixed leｎｇtｈrecｏrd fｏｒmａt 定长记录格式ﻫfｌａｇ标志;特征ﻫflaｉr p ｏint 识别点;明显地物点ﻫｆlａp 叠置ﻫfｌoppy disk;fｌｏppy 软盘ﻫform line 地表形态线ﻫforｍａｔconvｅrｓion格式转换formａt ｌiｎe格式行ﻫforｍａt modeｌ格式模型foｒmaｔ格式formattｅd modｅl 格式化模型formatｔing funｃｔｉｏn 格式化函数;格式编排GGﻫaｕsｓplanｅcoordiｎａte 高斯平面坐标Gauss-Ｋｒuger coorｄinａte 高斯-克吕格坐标ﻫGauｓs－Krｕgｅr ｇriｄ高斯－克吕格格网ﻫGauss－Kｒｕger mapｐrｏjｅcｔioｎ高斯-克吕格地图投影ﻫＧａussiaｎｃｏｏrｄｉnate 高斯坐标gａzetteｅｒ地名录gｅneraｌscａｌe基本比例尺ﻫgeneric tｅrm 地理通名Geo Ｂａsed Inｆｏrｍation Sｙｓｔem基于地学得信息系统ﻫgeo-ａnalｙsis 地理分析ﻫgeｏ－defined unit 地理定义单元ｇｅo-dｉｓtrｉbution地理分布ﻫｇeｏ-poｌitic daｔa base 行政区划数据库ﻫｇｅｏ-ｒefeｒｅｎced inforｍatiｏn system地理参考信息系统geobase sysｔem 地区系统geｏbased ｉｎfｏｒmation ｓysteｍ地区信息系统geobaｓe 地区库ｇｅobｏtaｎical cartｏｇｒapｈy地植物学制图geｏｃartｏgraphy 地理制图ﻫgeocodeｄｖｉrtｕaｌmaｐ地理编码虚拟图geoｃｏdes 地理编码ﻫformattiｎｇ格式化ﻫfｏrmfeｅd 换页;格式馈给ｆoｒmｓintｅrfaｃｅ格式界面ｆｏrmｓprocｅssing 表格处理ｆraｃtal 分数得;分形；分数维fracｔionａl maｐscale 分数地图比例尺frａctionaｌscａle 分数比例尺frequｅncyｂａｎd 频段；频带ﻫｆrequency ｂias 频偏ｆｒeｑuenｃy curve 频率曲线ﻫfｒeqｕency dｅmodulation 鉴频ｆrequenｃy dｉstriｂutｉon 频率分布fｕll-reｓｏlution pｉctuｒe 全精度影(图)象,高分辨率影(图)象ｆully concａｔeｎated key全连串码ｆｕlly dｉgiｔal mapｐiｎg 全数字化制图functｉｏn ｌｉｂraｒy 功能库ﻫｆunctiｏnal daｔa ｂase 功能数据库ｆunctiｏnaｌｍapｐinｇ功能制图fｕｎctioｎal ｓｔructｕre 功能结构fuzzy anａlysis 模糊分析fuzzy C-ｍeans 模糊聚类法fuzzy ｃlassｉfieｒｍethod 模糊分类法ｆuzzy distance 模糊距离fｕzzy inteｒｓeｃtion cｏnｃｅpt 模糊交叉概念ﻫfuzｚy toｌerａnce 模糊容限ﻫfuｚzy 模糊得;失真得ﻫgeocode 地理编码gｅoｃodｉｎg ｓysｔem 地理编码系统geoｃodinｇ地理编码Geｏgrａpheｒ'ｓLinｅ地理坐标网ﻫgeograｐhicａggreｇation 地理聚合ﻫＧeｏgraphic Ａnalysis aｎd Dｉsplay Systｅｍ(GADS）地理分析显示系统ﻫGeｏgraphiｃAnａlysis Paｃｋａge(ＧAP) 地理分析软件geｏgraphic aｎalyｓiｓ/modeling ｃａｐability 地理分析/模拟能力gｅogｒaphic ａnalｙsiｓ地理分析geｏgraｐhｉc ａrｅa boundａｒｉes 地理面积边界GeｏgｒaphiｃArｅa Coｄe Indeｘ（GACＩ）地理面积编码索引ﻫＧｅｏgraphic Base) 地理基础文件Ｇeogｒaphｉc Ｂase地理底图基础文件/双重独立地图编码Iｎdependent Mａp Encｏding(GBF-DIME)ﻫGeｏgｒaphiｃBaseＩnforｍation System(GBIＳ)地理基础信息系统ﻫＧeoｇraphiｃＢasｅSysteｍ（GBS) 地理基础系统ﻫgｅｏgraphic bｏundaｒieｓ地理边界ｇeographicｂouｎdaｒy data地理边界数据ﻫgｅograｐhiｃcalibrａtiｏn 地理标准ﻫgeｏgrａphic ｃeｎteｒ地理中心ﻫｇeoｇｒaphｉc ｃlassｉfｉcaｔion 地理分类ﻫgeogrａｐhic cｏdes地理坐标码ﻫgeographic coding地理编码ﻫｇｅoｇrａphｉc coordｉnates 地理坐标ﻫgeｏgｒaｐhiｃcｏoｒdinate 地理坐标ﻫgｅogｒaphｉc coｖerage 地理层gｅogrａｐhic daｔa ｂａse 地理数据库geoｇｒaphic ｄａta set 地理数据集ﻫgeogｒaｐhic dataｓtｒuｃture 地理数据结构ﻫＧeographiｃDａtａｂａse 地理数据库gｅogｒaphｉc ｄata地理数据geogｒａpｈｉc ｄｉsｐlay ｓysｔem 地理显示系统geoｇｒaphic ｅntity 地理实体gｅｏｇｒaｐhic fｅature dａｔａ地理特征数据ﻫｇeographｉc fｅatｕre 地理特征ﻫｇeograｐhｉｃgｒaticｕlｅ地理坐标网ﻫgeｏｇrａphｉc grid地理网格ﻫｇeograpｈic idｅntifｉerｓ地理标识符geoｇraphic indexed fｉle 地理索引文件ﻫgeograｐhic ｉndexｅs地理索引ﻫｇeoｇrａphｉc inｆoｒmation syｓteｍ地理信息系统geｏgraｐhicｉnverｓe 地理位置反算geｏgraphic lanｄsｃaｐe 地理景观geographic latitｕｄｅ地理纬度geｏgｒaｐhiｃlｏcａtion地理位置geｏgｒaｐｈiｃlongｉtude地理经度gｅｏgraphiｃmｅｒidiａn地理子午线ﻫgeoｇraphｉc mｏdeling 地理模拟ﻫｇeogｒaphic ｎame 地理名称ﻫgeograｐhic nｅt 地理坐标格网ｇeographic nｕmberｉｎg system 地理编号系统gｅographiｃobjｅct地理对象ｇeographic pｏle 地极ﻫgeoｇraphic position地理位置ﻫgeogrａphiｃｒefer ｅnｃe ｓystem地理参考系统ﻫgｅogｒaｐhｉc ｒｅference 地理参考ﻫgｅographiｃrefeｒｅncｉng 地理参考过程geoｇraphｉｃsｔaｎdaｒdizaｔion 地理标准化geｏｇｒaphｉcｓurvey 地理测量geoｇraphic valuｅ地理坐标值gｅogrａphicａｌｃooｒdｉｎaｔｅ地理坐标geｏgrａphｉcal data bａse 地理数据库geographicａl general name地理通名ﻫgeogｒaphicaｌｍaｐ地理图geｏgrａpｈicaｌmile 地理海哩ﻫｇｅｏgraｐｈical name index 地名索引transcriｐtiｏn;gｅｏgｒaｐhiｃal 地名注音法ﻫｎaｍe transliterａtiongｅogｒaphｉcａl naｍe;plａcｅｎaｍｅ地名ﻫgeoｇrａｐhicaｌneｔwork 地理格网gｅographical pｏle 地极ｇeoｇraphical ｐositiｏｎ地理位置ﻫgeoｇraphical ｒefeｒｅnceｓystem 地理坐标参考系ﻫｇｅoｇraｐhicａｌｖiewing distance 地理视距geographical zoneｓ地理带gｅｏｇrapｈicaｌ－exｐｌoratｉｏn trａverse 地理勘测路线ﻫgeograｐhｉcal 地理得ﻫgeogｒaphics ｌｉｍiｔs细线;内图廓线ﻫｇｅogrａphｉc 地理得;地理学得ﻫｇeograｐhy 地理学Geomａtics (加拿大）地球信息学geｏmetrｉｃrｅctificａtion 几何校正gｅometric registration 几何配准ﻫgeomoｒｐhic mａp 地貌类型图geomorpｈolｏgｉcaｌｍapping 地貌制图gｅoｍorpｈoｌoｇicａl mａp地貌图ﻫgeomoｒphｏlogy 地貌学ﻫgeopｒocess ｉｎg aｐplｉcation 地理处理应用ﻫgeoｐｒoｃessinｇａppｒoａｃh 地理处理方法geoprocｅssingｆｕnctiｏｎｓ地理处理函数ﻫgeoprocessing moｄeｌiｎg 地理处理模拟ﻫｇeoprocｅssing opｅraｔioｎs 地理处理操作ﻫgｅｏpｒocｅｓsinｇproduｃtiｖｉty地理处理率geｏpｒocessinｇsystem 地理处理系统ﻫgｅoprocｅｓsiｎg viｒｔｕal map sｙｓtｅm 地理处理虚拟图系统Gｅoprocessing(GP) 地理处理过程ﻫgeoprocｅssｏr 地理处理器ﻫＧEOＲEF coordiｎate systeｍ世界地理坐标参考系ﻫＧEＯREＦgrｉｄ世界地理坐标参考网格gｅｏrｅference sｙstｅm 地理坐标参考系geoｒｅference 地理坐标参考ｇｅoｒefereｎcｅd 地理坐标参考得gｅorefｅreｎｃing 地理坐标参考过程ﻫGEORＥF 世界地理坐标参考系ﻫgeorｅla ｔｉｏｎal moｄel地理相关模型ﻫｇeosｐｈeｒe 地理圈geｏｓtaｔiｓｔiｃs 地理统计ﻫGIＳ/LＩＳ地理信息系统/土地信息系统ﻫGloba ｌEnｖｉｒonmｅntal MoｎitoriｎgＳystem(ＵＮEＰ) 全球环境监测系统(联合国环境项目）gｌobal ｌaｎｄiｎfoｒｍａtioｎsyｓtem(GＬIＳ) 全球土地信息系统Globａl PｏsｉtioninｇSysteｍ(GPS）全球定位系统ﻫglobal pｏsｉtioｎｉｎg 全球定位ﻫglobal reｄiaｔion 总辐射gloｂaｌsａteｌｌite sｙstem全球卫星系统ﻫＧloｂaｌTeleｍｕnｉcatioｎs Ｓystｅm 全球远程通讯系统globａｌ全球得graphiｃpoｓｅ图形合成ﻫgraphiｃdata base file 图形数据库文件ﻫgrａphic datａbaｓe 图形数据库ﻫgrapｈic ｄatａcｏncｅｐt 图形数据概念ﻫgrapｈiｃｉllｕsｔraｔioｎ图解说明；图解例证grａｐhic input pｒoｃeduｒｅ图形输入法ｇraｐｈｉc iｎｐuｔuniｔ图形输入设备Ｇrａphic ＩnｔerchaｎgｅFormaｔ图形交换格式ﻫgraphic interｐolation图解内插法ﻫｇraphic lｉｍits 图形边界grapｈic maniｐuｌａtｉoｎ图形维护ﻫgraｐhic mａp fｅatures 图示地图特征graphｉｃmaｐmanipulatioｎ图示地图操作ﻫgraphic map scａle 图解地图比例尺ｇrapｈｉc mapｐinｇｃontrｏｌpoiｎt 图解图根点ﻫgrapｈｉc mｅnｕ图示菜单ﻫgraｐｈic ｍｏdes图示模式ﻫgｒaｐhic oｂjeｃt图形对象grapｈic oｕｔpｕt unit 图形输出设备ﻫgrapｈiｃｏverｌaｙ图形叠加gｒaｐhic ｐlａne 图示面gｒaphiｃprｉｍｉｔiｖe 图形元素ﻫgraｐhic preｓeｎtatiｏn 图形显示ｇｒaphic pｒoｄuctiｏｎ图形生成ｇrａpｈic producｔ图形产品ｇrapｈic rｅctification图形校正grapｈiｃreｐrｅsｅntatｉｏn 图形表示grapｈiｃｓｃaｌe 图解比例尺graｐhic siｇn 图形记号ﻫgraphic superimpｏsition 图形叠加graphiｃsymｂoｌ图形符号ｇraphｉc ｓymｂoｌs／symboｌoｇy 图形符号/符号表示ｇrａpｈiｃｓysteｍｐonenｔs 图形系统组成graphic ｔableｔ图形数字化板ﻫｇraｐhic terminal图形终端graphic text sｔring图形文本串ﻫgrapｈｉc ｔracｅ图形跟踪graｐｈｉｃvaｒiaｂle 图形变量grａphiｃａｌsｃreen inteｒｆacｅ图形屏幕界面ﻫgraphical ｕsｅr inｔerface(GUI）图形用户界面gｒaphics acceleraｔｏｒ图形加速卡ﻫgrapｈｉｃsｃursｏr 图形光标ﻫgｒaph ｉcs displａy unｉts 图形显示单元ﻫgｒａpｈics iｎｑuirｙ图形查询ﻫgrapｈｉcs languages 图形语言ﻫgrapｈics modｅ图形模式ﻫｇraphｉｃs ｐage 图形页ﻫＧrａphｉcｓPerfｏrmaｎcｅCｈaracｔｅrｉzation(GPＣ）图形工作特性ﻫgrａｐhicｓｒesｏlution 图形分辨率ﻫgrapｈicｓｓcｒeeｎ图形屏幕界面ﻫｇｒａｐhiｃs soｆtｗare 图形软件graｐｈics tａblet 图形数字化板grａｐｈiｃｓ图形ｇraphic 图形得;图示得ﻫgraｐh 图;图形gｒatｉcｕｌｅ格网ﻫgratiｃule十字丝；地理坐标网ﻫｇraｔinｇ光栅ﻫgrｉd 格网ﻫｇｒid amｐlｉtude 格网幅度ﻫgriｄaｚimuｔh 坐标方位角Hgｒiｄbearｉnｇ坐标方位角grｉd ｃeｌｌ格网元素；网眼gｒiｄcｅlｌpoｓitinｇ网眼组成grid celｌdａta stｒucture网眼数据结构ﻫgrid ceｌl dａta 网眼数据结构gｒiｄcell latｔice三维网眼格数据结构griｄcelｌmap-recoｒｄformaｔ网眼地图记录格式gｒiｄcｅｌl map 网眼地图ｇrｉd ｃell modeliｎg网眼模拟ｇrｉｄｃelｌseａrcｈ网眼搜寻ﻫgrｉd cｏnvergｅｎｃe 坐标纵线收敛角gｒｉd coｏrdinaｔｅsyｓtem格网坐标系ｇrid coordinaｔeｓ格网坐标系ｇrｉd dａtａ格网数据griｄｄeclｉnａtｉｏn 格网真北偏角ﻫｇrid equator 格网赤道ﻫgriｄfａcｔor 格网因子grid format 格网格式ﻫgriｄintervａl 网格间距ﻫgrｉd invｅrse 网格反算griｄlｅｎgth 坐标网距ﻫgrｉｄｌines/codes 格网线/码grid mａgｎｅtic aｎｇle 格网磁偏角grｉｄmaｐ格网地图gｒid ｍeriｄian 坐标网纵线grid ｍethod 格网法ﻫgrid of nｅiｇhｂｏｒing ｚoｎe 邻带方里网grｉｄorigin坐标格网原点ﻫｇrid structｕre网格结构ﻫgrid ｓｙstem格网系统ﻫgrid ｔick 格网标记grid vaｒiaｔion 格网磁偏角ﻫgrid zｏnｅ坐标带grｉd 栅格，格网;坐标网ﻫgｒid－ｐｏｉｎｔmethｏd 网点板法grid／rａｓｔｅｒdatａ格网/栅格数据ﻫgriddeｄdａta格网数据gｒidiｒｏｎｌayｏut格网平面图gｒidiｒon pａtｔern格网图形grｉdsystem 直角坐标格网ﻫgｒｉｐs 数据转换程序halftone scｒeen半色调屏幕ﻫheadeｒfiｌe 头文件ﻫｈeａder lａbel 头标ﻫｈeａｄer lｉne 标题行headｅr recｏrd 首记录ﻫhｅａdeｒ标题ﻫhextｒｅe 分级图象数据模型ﻫｈiｄｄｅn attriｂute隐含属性ﻫhiｄden ｆile 隐含文件ﻫｈidden line reｍｏval 隐线消除ﻫhidden suｒｆaces 隐面ﻫｈidｄeｎvaｒｉablｅ隐含变量hierarchical ｄata base 分级数据库ｈｉeraｒcｈicａl datａ分级数据ﻫｈierａrｃhicａl ｄata model 层次数据模型Ihierarｃhical daｔａｓｔructure 分级数据结构ｈieｒａrchicａl databasｅ分层数据库ﻫhｉerarchｉcａl districｔs层次分区hieｒarchicａl 分级文件结构hｉeｒaｒchｉcａl分级文件系统ﻫhiｅrarｃｈicａl ｍodel 分级模型hierarchical organizａtioｎ等级结构ﻫhieｒarchical reｌatioｎship 分级关系式(数据文件结构）ﻫhieｒａｒchiｃal sｅｑuｅnce 层次序列ﻫhierarｃhical sｐatｉal relatiｏnshｉp 分级空间关系ﻫhiｅraｒｃｈical stoｒagｅ分级存储ｈｉerarｃｈicａl struｃtuｒe 分级结构ﻫhieｒarｃhical 分级得;层次得hierarchization 分级ＨigｈLｅｖel Data LｉｎｋＣｏntrol高级数据连接控制ﻫHigh Memoｒy A ｒea高位地址内存区hiｓtogram 直方图;柱状图；频率图ﻫhiｓｔoｒｙ命令记录ﻫHuffmanｃodｅ霍夫编码ﻫhull TIN表面Ｈumaｎｐｕｔer Intｅraｃtioｎ人机交互Human putｅｒInterface 人机界面ﻫhypｅｒｔext电子文本；超级文本ﻫI cha ｎnel 同相信道;I通路ﻫＩｎotatioｎparameｔer整数记号参数ﻫI－beam I指针ﻫI/O ａddｒeｓses 输入／输出地址I/O ChａracteｒRecogｎitiｏn(I／O CR) 输入／输出字符识别Ｉ／O eｒror 输入／输出错误I/Ｏｐorｔ输入／输出端口ﻫiｍage cｏding 图象编码ｉｍａｇe preｓｓｉoｎ影(图)象压缩ﻫimage cｏnｔｒａst 影象反差ﻫimagｅcoorｄinate 影象坐标ﻫimage ｃorrelａtion 影象相关ﻫiｍaｇe dａｔa baｓe 影象数据库ﻫimａgeｄatａcｏlｌectｉoｎ图象数据收集ﻫｉmａge data pacｔion 图象数据压缩image data ｒｅtｒｉevａl 图象数据检索imａgｅｄaｔa storａgｅ图象数据存储imagｅdaｔa 影（图)象数据ｉｍaｇe ｄeｆinitioｎ影象清晰度（分辨力）iｍaｇe degrａdatｉoｎ影(图)象退化;影（图）象衰减image descｒiptｉｏn影象描绘ﻫiｍage diｇiｔizａtion 图象数字化ﻫiｍaｇe dispｌacement 影象位移ﻫimａge diｓtoｒtioｎ影(图)象失真image integrａtor 图象综合image inｔeｎsifier 影（图）象增强器;变象管;象亮化器iｍaｇe inｔenｓity 图象强度image inｔｅrpreｔatiｏn 影象判读ﻫｉmaｇe magｎiｆｉcation 影(图)象放大image matcｈing 影象匹配ﻫiｍage ｐrocesｓｉnｇrｅctｉｆicatiｏn 图象处理校正复原and rｅstoｒatｉｏnｉmａge proceｓsiｎg 图象处理校正复原ﻫimage ray 象点投影线ﻫiｍage recogniｔiｏn影(图)象识别ﻫiｍagｅreconｓｔructiｏｎ影(图)象重建ﻫimaｇe reｃｏnｓｔructor 影象再现装置ｉmage ｒegiｓtratｉoｎ图象配准ｉmaｇe repｒesｅntation 影(图)象显示;影(图)象再现ﻫimａge rｅsoｌution;grounｄｒｅｓolutioｎ影象分辨力image scaｌｅ影象比例尺ﻫｉmagｅsiｚe 影(图）象尺寸;影（图)象范围ｉｍaｇe sｐaｃe coordｉnate systｅm 象空间坐标系image sｐace 象空间iｍageｓtａck 影(图)象栈ﻫimａｇe ｔrａnsfoｒm 影(图)象变换ﻫimage transfoｒmａtion 图象变换ﻫimage tｒanｓlator 影(图)象转换器imaｇe;imagｅｒｙ影象image 象,象片;影象,图象;镜象图形imagery fｅａｔｕre 影象特征indｅｘto Nａmｅs地名索引ﻫiｎdｅxed sequenｔial file顺序索引文件ﻫｉndexeｄ索引化得ｉndｅxing 索引;加下标;变址index 指标;指数;索引ｉｎｆｏrmaｔics 信息学ﻫｉnformatｉｏn areａ信息区information biｔ信息位iｎformatiｏnｃｅnｔer 信息中心ﻫiｎｆormation collｅｃtｉｏn 信息采集ﻫinfｏｒmaｔiｏn content 信息量ｉｎformatiｏnｅxplosion信息爆炸ﻫｉnformation extractｉｏn 信息提取iｎfoｒｍatioｎfｌoat信息浮动informａtiｏn formａt 信息格式infｏrmａｔion management 信息管理ﻫinforｍａｔioｎnetworｋ信息网ﻫinｆｏrmationｏverlays 信息叠加ｉｎｆormatioｎrate 信息传输速率ﻫＩnｆormａtion requｉremｅnt(ＩＲ)请求信息ﻫinformatiｏn ｒevolution信息革命ﻫinformation sｃience 信息科学ﻫinｆormaｔion syｓｔem信息系统inｆormａtiｏn tecｈnoｌogy（IT)信息技术ﻫinforｍation tｈeory信息论inｆormaｔiｏn wiｎdow信息窗口ﻫinfoｗmation信息ﻫinｐut area 输入区ｉnｐｕt dａｔa 输入数据inｐut devicｅ输入设备ﻫｉnｐut iｍage(iｎimａge) 输入影(图)象ﻫinput／ｏutpuｔａnaｌyｓiｓ输入／输出分析ｉｎpｕt／ｏuｔpｕmodel 输入／输出模型ﻫＩnpuｔ/Output(I/O)输入/输出inｐut 输入ｉnquiry 查询inｓert 插入;嵌入ｉntegrateｄdaｔa basｅ集成数据库ﻫK-Lintegraｔeｄdaｔａlａyeｒ集成数据层Inteｇrａｔed Ｇeogrａphiｃal Iｎfｏｒmaｔion Syｓteｍ集成化地理信息系统ﻫinｔｅｇｒated GＩS/ｔｅchnolｏｇiｅｓ综合地理信息系统/技术inｔegｒated infｏrｍａｔiｏn system 综合信息系统ｉntegraｔed spａtial sysｔeｍ综合空间信息系统intｅｇrａtedｓｙstem综合系统inｔerａｃtive 交互式ﻫinｔeractｉｖe diｇitｉｚing 人机交互数字化ﻫinteractｉveｄiｓplay 人机交互显示intｅraｃｔｉve draｆting 交互式绘图ｉｎtｅractive eｄiting 交互式编辑ﻫInteｒacｔｉve Graphics ａndＲｅｔｒieval Sｙｓteｍ交互图形与恢复系统InｔeｒactｉvｅGraphicｓDｅｓiｇnＳysｔｅｍ交互式图形设计系统Iｎteracｔｉve GraphｉcｓSｙｓtem/Intｅractiｖe 交互式制图系统/交互式制图子系统ﻫGraｐｈｉcs Sｕbｓystem;IGＳ／IGSSｉnteracｔive graphｉｃs 交互式制图ﻫiｎtｅractive image proceｓsing system 人机对话影(图)象处理系统ﻫinｔerａcｔiｖｅmｏdｅ交互式模式ﻫInｔｅｒactive Ｍｕltiｍedｉa 交互式多媒体interａctiveｐroceｓsｉng mode 人机交互模式ﻫiｎteｒactｉve prｏceｓsｉng 人机交互处理ﻫinteｒaｃｔｉｖe processing 交互式处理iｎterａｃｔｉvｅrｅstoration 人机对话复原ﻫInteｒactive Ｓｕrｆaｃe Modeling 交互式地表建摸interaｃtｉvｅtｏpology 交互式拓扑Iｎｔeｒactiｖe Voｌume Mｏdeling 交互式立体模型ﻫｉntercelｌploｔ单元间图（或文件)iｎterchaｎgｅforｍａｔ交换格式intｅrchange ｍodｅｌing 交换模拟ﻫｉnterｃhａngｅmoｄel 交换模型ｉｎternal ｄata model 内部数据模型interｎａｌdata structｕrｅ内部数据结构（只在处理过程中保持得)ﻫiｎterｎａl dａｔabaｓeｆile 内部数据库文件ﻫinｔｅrｒecｏrd data strucｔｕrｅs 交互记录得数据结构ﻫinveｒse fａst Fourｉer ｔransｆorｍ快速傅立叶变换isoliｎe 等值线isoliｔh 等厚度线ﻫiｓoｌong等经度改正线ﻫisｏｍａgneｔｉｃcharｔ等磁力线图ﻫisｏmｅtric cｏｏrdinａte 等量坐标iｓomｅtric dｅsign 等角投影ｉsometric ｌatiｔued 等量纬度iｓｏｍｅｔriｃmaｐprojeｃtion 等量地图投影iｓｏmeｔrｉc mappinｇ等量制图ﻫisopｅｒimｅｔｒic ｍap proｊectｉｏｎ等量地图投影ﻫisｏplanｅ等平面isｏｐｌeth ｍaｐｐiｎg 等值线制图ﻫiｓｏpleth maｐ等值线图iｓopｌethｉc mappｉｎg 等值线制图iｓoplｅtｈic ｍap 等值线图ｉsopleth 等值线ﻫkey 关键字ﻫkey aｔｔributeｓ关键属性ﻫkey ｂeｄ标准层ﻫkey ｅｎｔｒy键盘输入ﻫｋey ｆｅedbaｃｋaｒｅa 码反馈区ｋey field 关键字段ﻫkey ｆｉle 关键文件ﻫｋey ｈorizon 标志层key ideｎｔｉfｉerｓ关键标识符ﻫｋey ｍap 索引图;总图ﻫkey paｄ键座ｋey vａlue dictionａry关键值索引key vａriａbｌeｉndeｘiｎg关键变量索引ﻫkｅｙboard buffer 键盘缓冲keybｏａrｄequivalent keｙ键盘等价命令键kｅyboａrd ｓhorｔcut 键盘快捷命令keyｂｏard 键盘ﻫlａnｄｅｖalｕation 土地评价Laｎd Iｎformation System(LIS）土地信息系统Land Infoｒmatｉon Ｔechｎology（LＩT) 土地信息技术ｌandｔyｐeｓ土地类型ﻫlaｎd unit土地单元ﻫｌaｎd use 土地利用lａndｆｏrｍ地表形态ﻫlaｎdscape dｒawｉngs景观绘图landscａpe mａp景观地图ﻫlａyer fiｌｅ层文件laｙer inｄex 图层索引ﻫlaｙｅr iｎｄex 层索引layer sｙｓtem 分层设色法ﻫｌayer－tinted ｍap 分层设色地图laｙｅｒeｄｓtｙle ｍap 分层设色地图ﻫlayered stｙｌe 分层设色表示法layering 分层；层化lａyｅｒs层次laｙer 层ﻫlayoveｒ覆盖;遮蔽（雷达影像）ＬeaｆArea Indｅx 叶区域索引ﻫlｅａf leｖel 叶层次ｌeaｇuｅ里格leakiｎg poｌygon未闭合多边形legend 图例ﻫｌetterｉng地图注记ﻫｌineａｇe数据说明ﻫｌine elｅｍｅnt 线状要素liｎe fｅaturｅ线状特征ﻫｌine foｌloweｒ线跟踪器(量测转换边界)ﻫline geｎerａｌｉzatｉon 趋势线概化ﻫline graph 线状图liｎｅin pｏlygon calculaｔioｎ多边形内线判断计算ﻫｌiｎe in polygｏn retrievａl 多边形内线判断查询lｉnｅｉntersｅｃｔion 线段交叉linｅmap 线画图line oｆnｏdｅｓ交轨线lｉnｅｓymboｌｏgics线状符号表达法lｉne symbol 线状符号lｏcal ｄatabase 局域数据库ﻫｌocal dａtuｍ局部定标数据ﻫlogｉcal ｂlocｋ逻辑块lｏgical ｃhａnneｌnumber 逻辑通道号码ﻫMlｏｇiｃａlｃｏnsiｓtenｃy 逻辑一致性ﻫｌoｇiｃal cｏｎtｏｕriｎg逻辑恒直线logicaｌdatａbase(LDＢ) 逻辑数据库ﻫlｏgical data ｍodｅl逻辑数据模型ﻫlogicａl data stｒucture 逻辑数据结构ﻫlogical decisｉoｎ逻辑判定ﻫlogｉｃaｌdｅsign 逻辑设计logicalｅxclusiｖe oｐerａtioｎof imagｅ影象逻辑异运算lｏgｉcal eｘprｅssion逻辑表达ﻫlogicaｌｌｉnks 逻辑连接ﻫloｇicａl mounting 逻辑安装ｌogical name 逻辑名字ﻫlogical opeｒａtioｎ逻辑运算ﻫlogｉcal operator逻辑运算符ﻫlｏgｉｃａl ordｅr 逻辑指令ﻫｌogical oveｒlaｐ逻辑重叠loｇｉｃal rｅcord 逻辑记录logical security逻辑安全性ﻫlogiｃaｌｓelectioｎ逻辑选择ﻫloｇiｃａl ｓｔｏｒaｇe structurｅ逻辑存储结构ﻫlogicａl uniｔ逻辑单元ﻫlｏgic逻辑ｌogin (＝logｏｎ)注册loｔａnd bｌｏck 地块与街段ﻫlot dimenｓiｏnｓ地块尺寸loｔｌine 地块边界ﻫlｏt oｆrecord 地块记录ｌot 地块LＰTｐｏｒt 并行口ﻫLU pooling 逻辑单元合并ｍacｈinｅbias机器偏差mａcｈｉnｅcode 机器码machiｎe ｅｎcodiｎｇ机器编码machiｎe lanｇｕage 机器语言ﻫmaｃhinｅproceｓsablｅ机器可处理得man-machine ｉnterfａce 人机接口managｅr acceｓs 管理者存取ｍanual digiｔizer 手扶数字化器maｎuａl diｇitiｚiｎg 人工数字化ｍanuａl eｎｃoding 人工编码ﻫmaｎual ｌink人工连接maｎｕal ｍａp enhａnｃeｍenｔ人工地图增强mａnuｓcｒipｔmap 原图;稿图ﻫｍaｎuscript 原图ﻫmanｙ-to－one relaｔe 多对一关系ﻫmap ａｃｃｕracy (ａｂsolｕtｅ) 绝对地图精度ﻫmａp accｕracｙ(ｒｅlatｉve）相对地图精度ｍap ａccurａｃｙleｖel地图精度水平ﻫmａpａccuracｙｓpecｉfｉcaｔiｏnｓ地图精度说明mａp aｃcｕracy ｓtaｎdａrdｓ地图精度标准ﻫｍａpａｄjｕstmeｎｔ地图接边;图幅接边ﻫmａｐａlｇeｂrａ地图代数Map and Ｃhart Daｔa Inteｒcｈangｅ地图与图表间数据交换map ａppｅaraｎｃe 地图整饰mａp aveｒage地形特征地图mapｂlack clｏuds 地图数据密集区ｍａp bｏｒdｅr 图廓ﻫｍａｐｃhart 作战海图ﻫmaｐclaｒity 地图清晰性ﻫmap ｃlｏsｕre 地图闭合ﻫmaｐcodｅ(1)地图代码；(２）变换码，印象码ﻫｍａp coｌlar datａ地图边缘数据ﻫｍap coｌor atlaｓ地图色谱maｐpｉlatｉon地图编绘mａp ｐｌexiｔｙ地图复杂性ﻫmap positｉon 地图编制ﻫmap puterizａtion 地图计算机化mａp coｖeｒagｅ地图层maｐdata bａsｅ地图数据库ﻫｍap daｔa retｒieval 地图数据查询ｍaｐdaｔａstructurｅ地图数据结构map data 地图数据ｍａp ｄecorａtｉｏn 地图整饰mａpｄｅfoｒmaｔioｎ地图变形ﻫmap dｅscｒｉｐtｉon 地图描述maｐdigitizａtion 地图数字化map digitiｚing 地图数字化ｍaｐｄirｅcｔory 地图目录map display 地图显示ﻫmap ｄisｔortion地图畸变ﻫmap dｉstｒibuｔion地图供应ﻫmap ｅdｇe 图幅边缘map ediｔinｇ地图编辑ﻫｍａp eｘtｅnt地图范围map facｅ图幅尺寸；图幅面积mapｆeaｔuｒe 地图特征ﻫmａｐfiｌeｓ地图文件map ｇeneｒａliｚatioｎ地图综合map grapｈiｃs to teｘt datａlinkage 图形－文本数据连接ﻫmaｐｇraphiｃs 图形－文本数据连接ﻫmap gｒid地图格网ﻫmapｉnformatioｎ地图信息ﻫmap ｉntｅrpｒetation 地图判读ﻫmap jｏin 图幅连接ﻫmap laｙer图层ﻫmａp laｙoｕt图面配置ｍap legibｉlity地图易读性maｐlimits 图范围maｐｌｉｎｋaｇe 图连接map load 地图负载量mａp maｋing 制图ﻫmapｍatｃhing gｕidance地图匹配导航maｐｍatchiｎg 地图匹配map measure 量图轨ﻫmap miles 地图英里坐标系统map modeｌsｙｓｔem 地图模型系统ﻫmａp naｄiｒ图面底点ﻫｍａｐname 地图名ﻫmaｐoｆｎeoｔｅｃｔonic streｎgｔｈ图上量算ｍａｐorigｉn 图坐标原点mａp oｖeｒlay anａlyｓis 地图叠置分析mａp ovｅrｌaｙmodelｉｎｇanaｌysiｓ地图叠置模拟分析ｍap oｖeｒｌaｙ地图叠置ﻫmａp paｒalｌel 图横线ﻫmap percepｔioｎ地图感受ｍap pｌottｉng 填图ﻫmap poiｎt 图上定位点;图面点maｐposiｔionａl file 地图叠置文件ｍap position 地图定位mａｐprojection ｓysteｍ地图投影系统ﻫｍap prｏjｅction tｒａnsfｏrmatｉｏn 地图投影转换ﻫmap projecｔiｏn 地图投影mａｐprojeｃtoｒ地图投影仪ﻫmap ｑｕadｒangle／mａp quaｄ地图标准图幅ﻫmap query地图查询ﻫmap readiｎｇ读图map rｅｇisｔration 地图对齐ﻫmap reｐresｅntaｔion fｉｌe 地图表示文件mapｒｅｓｏlｕtion 地图分辨率map revisioｎ地图更新map scａleｎｕｍｂer 地图比例尺数ﻫmaｐscalｅ地图比例尺ﻫmap ｓcaling 地图比例变换map sｅctiｏn 图区ｍaｐseriｅｓ系列地图mａｐｓｅt miles 图集英里比例尺ﻫmａp sheeｔmanipｕlaｔion 图幅操作mａｐsheeｔ图幅ﻫmap shift 图幅移位ﻫｍaｐslｉｖｅr 地图细小多边形mａp speｃｉfｉｃaｔionｓ地图规范mapｓtandarｄｓ地图标准map substituｔｅ临时版地图ﻫmap sｙmbolism地图符号体系mａp ｓymbｏl 地图符号mａp sｙstemａtic eｒｒors 地图系统误差map ｔest 地图检测ｍａp thｅme 地图专题map title 图名ﻫmａp toleｒａncｅ地图容限ｍap transｆormation 地图转换ﻫmap types 地图类型ﻫmap uniｔｔoｌｅran ｃe 地图单位容限map units 地图单位容限ﻫmaｐuse地图利用ﻫｍap zoom地图放大ﻫmａp 地图map-controｌlｅｄmosaic 地图控制镶嵌图ﻫmaｐ-grid 地图格网ﻫmap-mａtc ｈing guｉｄance 地图匹配指导map-projectｉｏn aｓpect 地图投影轴ｍaｐ-to-paｇｅtransfｏrmatiｏｎ地图－页变换ﻫmaplａnd 制图地区mappｉnｇacｃurａｃｙstaｎdaｒdｓ制图精度标准ﻫmａpping accuracy 制图精度ﻫｍapping aｎgle(子午线）收敛角ﻫmａppiｎg cｏnｔrol 图根控制ﻫmap ｐing control pｏｉｎｔ图根点ﻫＮﻫMａppｉng DataＩｎtercｈange Format （MDIＦ) 制图数据交换格式ﻫMappｉｎg InformatioｎManａgｅｍenｔSyste ｍ(ＭIMS）制图信息管理系统maｐpinｇ制图;测图ＭAPSAT 制图卫星mapsｈeet 图幅mａrginａｌdaｔa 图廓资料ﻫmａrgin 边缘；图边;页边；空白ｍａｓteｒmap pｒojeｃtion母型投影mａsteｒmodel 立体地图原型ﻫmｅdium 媒体;中等得megabit ram 兆字节存储器mｅｎu bar菜单条mｅｎｕbｏx 菜单盒meｎu bｕｔtoｎ菜单按钮meｎu iｃonｓ菜单图标ｍｅnｕitem 菜单项ﻫmenｕmarｋ菜单符号ｍeｎu ｏrigiｎ菜单原点ﻫmenu tablｅt 菜单输入板menu ｔiｔle菜单标题ﻫmｅnu－ｃoｎtrolleｄproｇｒam特征码清单控制程序ﻫｍenｕ清单;菜单minｉmum accessｔｉｍe 最小存取时间minimuｍｂouｎdaｒy rｅctaｎgle 最小边界矩形minimum distance ｃlａssiｆication 最短距离分类ｍinimum distaｎce routiｎg 最短距离选择miｎimum mａｐｐinｇunitｓ最小制图单元ﻫｍinimum path nｅtwoｒｋ最短路网ﻫminｉmum path tｒee最短路径树ﻫmodｕlａr softwａre 模块化软件mｏdｕlar 模数得;模块得Mｏdｕｌatｏr;DEM mｏdｕｌator 数字地面模型模块modｕlｅfiｅld 模块区（空间数据转换)mｕlti-ｍedia多媒体ﻫmultimediａGＩＳ多媒体GISﻫmultｉｍediａsystems 多媒体系统ｍuｌtimedia 多媒体ﻫmｕlｔiusｅr 多用户ﻫnatｉｖe ｃoｄe 本机语言ﻫnａｔi ｖe mａp本土地图ﻫnatural resｏurｃe data 自然资源数据ﻫnｅｔｗｏrk ana ｌysｉｓ网络分析netｗork arｃhiｔｅｃtuｒe 网络结构ｎetwｏrkｂaｓe 网络基本文件系统ｎetwok chaｉn 网络链ﻫｎetｗoｒk data 网络数据ﻫnetwork data ｍoｄel 网络数据模型ﻫnetwoｒk databasｅ网络数据库Nｅtworｋ网络文件服务器ﻫNetwｏrｋ(NFS）网络文件系统Neｔｗork Iｎterｆace Caｒd 网络接口卡ﻫｎeｔｗork layｅr网络层ﻫnｅｔwork moｄｅｌ网状模型ﻫNetworｋＯpｅｒating Systｅｍ网络操作系统ﻫOﻫＴnetwork ｐroｔocol 网络协议ｎeｔｗｏrｋsiｍｕlaｔion网络模拟ﻫnetwｏrk sｔruｃtuｒe 网络结构ﻫneｕｔrａl neｔｗorks 神经网络ﻫneutrａｌｎet 神经网络nｏn-gｒａpｈic atｔribuｔe 非图形属性noｎ-gｒaphｉｃinfｏrmation 非图形信息ﻫｎｏngeographic ｉｎｆormatｉon 非地理信息。
地理信息专业英语复习资料
翻译：1、GIS is a system of hardware，software aad procedures to facilitate the manipulation，analysis，modeling，representation and display of geo—referencedcomplex problems regarding planning and management of resollrces，翻译：gis是一个由硬件、软件和程序组成的系统，便于管理、处理、分析、模拟、表现并显示地理参照数据，从而解决规划和资源管理的复杂问题。
2、GIS technology，integrates common database operations such as query and statisticalanalysis with the unique visualization and geographical analysis benefits offered by maps．Theseabilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range ofpublic and private enterprises for explaining events，predicting outcomes，and planning strategies(ESRI)．翻译：地理信息系统技术将诸如查询和统计分析的常见的数据库操作和地图特有的可视化功能和地理分析优势集成起来。
这些功能是区分地理信息系统和其他信息系统的关键，并且对于众多的公共和私营企业用于事件解析，结果预测和战略规划十分有价值(ESEI)。
3、Projection is a fundamental component of mapmaking．A projection is a mathematicalmeans of transferring information from the earth’s three—dimensional，curved surface to a twodimensional medium--paper or a computer screen．Mathematically speaking，map projectionsare transformations of geographic coordinates(1atitude，longitude)into the Cartesian(x，y)coordinate space of the map．翻译：投影是地图制作的一个基本要素，同时也是将信息从地球的三维曲面上传递到纸张或电脑屏幕二维介质上的一种数学手段。
GIS专业英语常用术语
GIS专业英语常用术语GIS专业英语常用术语(F-N)facilities 设施；装备facility data 设施数据facility instrument 设施设备facility map 设施图facility network 设施网络facility splice 设施接合fast Fourier transform 快速傅立叶变换feature 特征facilities 设施；装备facility data 设施数据facility instrument 设施设备facility map 设施图facility network 设施网络facility splice 设施接合fast Fourier transform 快速傅立叶变换feature 特征Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue 地物与属性编码目录feature attribute table 特征属性表feature bounded 边界标识地物feature class 特征分类feature codes menu 特征码清单feature codes 特征码feature coding 特征编码feature extraction 特征提取feature identifier 特征标识符feature ID 特征标识符feature instance 特征实例feature item 特征项feature marked 有标记特征feature number 特征标识符feature selection 特征选择feature separation 特征分类feature spanned 跨区特征feature supported 支持特征feature user-ID 特征用户标识码Federal Information Processing 联邦信息处理标准Standards(FIPS)Federal Information Processing Standards/ 联邦信息处理标准／空间数据转换标准Spatial Data Transfer Standard；FIPS/SDTSfield ［数据］域file ［计算机］文件file activity 文件活动file attribute 文件属性file compression 文件压缩file format 文件格式file fragmentation 文件分段存储file indexing 文件管理索引file integrity 文件完整性file name extension 文件扩展名file name 文件名file protection 文件保护file server protocol 文件服务器协议file server 文件服务器file set 文件集file specification 文件说明；文件说明表file structure 文件结构file system 文件系统File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议file transfer 文件转换file-by-file compression 文件压缩filename extension 文件后缀名fill pattern 填充模式fixed length record format 定长记录格式flag 标志；特征flair point 识别点；明显地物点flap 叠置floppy disk；floppy 软盘form line 地表形态线format conversion 格式转换format line 格式行format model 格式模型format 格式formatted model 格式化模型formatting function 格式化函数；格式编排GGauss plane coordinate 高斯平面坐标Gauss-Kruger coordinate 高斯－克吕格坐标Gauss-Kruger grid 高斯－克吕格格网Gauss-Kruger map projection 高斯－克吕格地图投影Gaussian coordinate 高斯坐标gazetteer 地名录general scale 基本比例尺generic term 地理通名Geo Based Information System 基于地学的信息系统geo-analysis 地理分析geo-defined unit 地理定义单元geo-distribution 地理分布geo-politic data base 行政区划数据库geo-referenced information system 地理参考信息系统geobase system 地区系统geobased information system 地区信息系统geobase 地区库geobotanical cartography 地植物学制图geocartography 地理制图geocoded virtual map 地理编码虚拟图geocodes 地理编码formatting 格式化formfeed 换页；格式馈给forms interface 格式界面forms processing 表格处理fractal 分数的；分形；分数维fractional map scale 分数地图比例尺fractional scale 分数比例尺frequency band 频段；频带frequency bias 频偏frequency curve 频率曲线frequency demodulation 鉴频frequency distribution 频率分布full-resolution picture 全精度影（图）象，高分辨率影（图）象fully concatenated key 全连串码fully digital mapping 全数字化制图function library 功能库functional data base 功能数据库functional mapping 功能制图functional structure 功能结构fuzzy analysis 模糊分析fuzzy C-means 模糊聚类法fuzzy classifier method 模糊分类法fuzzy distance 模糊距离fuzzy intersection concept 模糊交叉概念fuzzy tolerance 模糊容限fuzzy 模糊的；失真的geocode 地理编码geocoding system 地理编码系统geocoding 地理编码Geographer's Line 地理坐标网geographic aggregation 地理聚合Geographic Analysis and Display System(GADS) 地理分析显示系统Geographic Analysis Package(GAP) 地理分析软件geographic analysis/modeling capability 地理分析／模拟能力geographic analysis 地理分析geographic area boundaries 地理面积边界Geographic Area Code Index(GACI) 地理面积编码索引Geographic Base File(GBF) 地理基础文件Geographic Base File/Dual 地理底图基础文件／双重独立地图编码Independent Map Encoding(GBF-DIME)Geographic Base Information System(GBIS) 地理基础信息系统Geographic Base System(GBS) 地理基础系统geographic boundaries 地理边界geographic boundary data 地理边界数据geographic calibration 地理标准geographic center 地理中心geographic classification 地理分类geographic codes 地理坐标码geographic coding 地理编码geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic coordinate 地理坐标geographic coverage 地理层geographic data base 地理数据库geographic data set 地理数据集geographic data structure 地理数据结构Geographic Database 地理数据库geographic data 地理数据geographic display system 地理显示系统geographic entity 地理实体geographic feature data 地理特征数据geographic feature 地理特征geographic graticule 地理坐标网geographic grid 地理网格geographic identifiers 地理标识符geographic indexed file 地理索引文件geographic indexes 地理索引geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic inverse 地理位置反算geographic landscape 地理景观geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic location 地理位置geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic modeling 地理模拟geographic name 地理名称geographic net 地理坐标格网geographic numbering system 地理编号系统geographic object 地理对象geographic pole 地极geographic position 地理位置geographic reference system 地理参考系统geographic reference 地理参考geographic referencing 地理参考过程geographic standardization 地理标准化geographic survey 地理测量geographic value 地理坐标值geographical coordinate 地理坐标geographical data base 地理数据库geographical general name 地理通名geographical map 地理图geographical mile 地理海哩geographical name index 地名索引transcription；geographical 地名注音法name transliterationgeographical name；place name 地名geographical network 地理格网geographical pole 地极geographical position 地理位置geographical reference system 地理坐标参考系geographical viewing distance 地理视距geographical zones 地理带geographical-exploration traverse 地理勘测路线geographical 地理的geographics limits 细线；内图廓线geographic 地理的；地理学的geography 地理学Geomatics （加拿大）地球信息学geometric rectification 几何校正geometric registration 几何配准geomorphic map 地貌类型图geomorphological mapping 地貌制图geomorphological map 地貌图geomorphology 地貌学geoprocessing application 地理处理应用geoprocessing approach 地理处理方法geoprocessing functions 地理处理函数geoprocessing modeling 地理处理模拟geoprocessing operations 地理处理操作geoprocessing productivity 地理处理率geoprocessing system 地理处理系统geoprocessing virtual map system 地理处理虚拟图系统Geoprocessing(GP) 地理处理过程geoprocessor 地理处理器GEOREF coordinate system 世界地理坐标参考系GEOREF grid 世界地理坐标参考网格georeference system 地理坐标参考系georeference 地理坐标参考georeferenced 地理坐标参考的georeferencing 地理坐标参考过程GEOREF 世界地理坐标参考系georelational model 地理相关模型geosphere 地理圈geostatistics 地理统计GIS/LIS 地理信息系统／土地信息系统Global Environmental Monitoring System(UNEP) 全球环境监测系统（联合国环境项目）global land information system(GLIS) 全球土地信息系统Global Positioning System(GPS) 全球定位系统global positioning 全球定位global rediation 总辐射global satellite system 全球卫星系统Global Telecommunications System 全球远程通讯系统global 全球的graphic compose 图形合成graphic data base file 图形数据库文件graphic data base 图形数据库graphic data concept 图形数据概念graphic illustration 图解说明；图解例证graphic input procedure 图形输入法graphic input unit 图形输入设备Graphic Interchange Format 图形交换格式graphic interpolation 图解内插法graphic limits 图形边界graphic manipulation 图形维护graphic map features 图示地图特征graphic map manipulation 图示地图操作graphic map scale 图解地图比例尺graphic mapping control point 图解图根点graphic menu 图示菜单graphic modes 图示模式graphic object 图形对象graphic output unit 图形输出设备graphic overlay 图形叠加graphic plane 图示面graphic primitive 图形元素graphic presentation 图形显示graphic production 图形生成graphic product 图形产品graphic rectification 图形校正graphic representation 图形表示graphic scale 图解比例尺graphic sign 图形记号graphic superimposition 图形叠加graphic symbol 图形符号graphic symbols/symbology 图形符号／符号表示graphic system components 图形系统组成graphic tablet 图形数字化板graphic terminal 图形终端graphic text string 图形文本串graphic trace 图形跟踪graphic variable 图形变量graphical screen interface 图形屏幕界面graphical user interface(GUI) 图形用户界面graphics accelerator 图形加速卡graphics cursor 图形光标graphics display units 图形显示单元graphics inquiry 图形查询graphics languages 图形语言graphics mode 图形模式graphics page 图形页Graphics Performance Characterization(GPC) 图形工作特性graphics resolution 图形分辨率graphics screen 图形屏幕界面graphics software 图形软件graphics tablet 图形数字化板graphics 图形graphic 图形的；图示的graph 图；图形graticule 格网graticule 十字丝；地理坐标网grating 光栅grid 格网grid amplitude 格网幅度grid azimuth 坐标方位角Hgrid bearing 坐标方位角grid cell 格网元素；网眼grid cell compositing 网眼组成grid cell data structure 网眼数据结构grid cell data 网眼数据结构grid cell lattice 三维网眼格数据结构grid cell map-record format 网眼地图记录格式grid cell map 网眼地图grid cell modeling 网眼模拟grid cell search 网眼搜寻grid convergence 坐标纵线收敛角grid coordinate system 格网坐标系grid coordinates 格网坐标系grid data 格网数据grid declination 格网真北偏角grid equator 格网赤道grid factor 格网因子grid format 格网格式grid interval 网格间距grid inverse 网格反算grid length 坐标网距grid lines/codes 格网线／码grid magnetic angle 格网磁偏角grid map 格网地图grid meridian 坐标网纵线grid method 格网法grid of neighboring zone 邻带方里网grid origin 坐标格网原点grid structure 网格结构grid system 格网系统grid tick 格网标记grid variation 格网磁偏角grid zone 坐标带grid 栅格，格网；坐标网grid-point method 网点板法grid/raster data 格网／栅格数据gridded data 格网数据gridiron layout 格网平面图gridiron pattern 格网图形gridsystem 直角坐标格网grips 数据转换程序halftone screen 半色调屏幕header file 头文件header label 头标header line 标题行header record 首记录header 标题hextree 分级图象数据模型hidden attribute 隐含属性hidden file 隐含文件hidden line removal 隐线消除hidden surfaces 隐面hidden variable 隐含变量hierarchical data base 分级数据库hierarchical data 分级数据hierarchical data model 层次数据模型Ihierarchical data structure 分级数据结构hierarchical database 分层数据库hierarchical districts 层次分区hierarchical file structure 分级文件结构hierarchical file system 分级文件系统hierarchical model 分级模型hierarchical organization 等级结构hierarchical relationship 分级关系式（数据文件结构）hierarchical sequence 层次序列hierarchical spatial relationship 分级空间关系hierarchical storage 分级存储hierarchical structure 分级结构hierarchical 分级的；层次的hierarchization 分级High Level Data Link Control 高级数据连接控制High Memory Area 高位地址内存区histogram 直方图；柱状图；频率图history 命令记录Huffman code 霍夫编码hull TIN表面Human Computer Interaction 人机交互Human Computer Interface 人机界面hypertext 电子文本；超级文本I channel 同相信道；I通路I notation parameter 整数记号参数I-beam I指针I/O addresses 输入／输出地址I/O Character Recognition(I/O CR) 输入／输出字符识别I/O error 输入／输出错误I/O port 输入／输出端口image coding 图象编码image compression 影（图）象压缩image contrast 影象反差image coordinate 影象坐标image correlation 影象相关image data base 影象数据库image data collection 图象数据收集image data compaction 图象数据压缩image data retrieval 图象数据检索image data storage 图象数据存储image data 影（图）象数据image definition 影象清晰度（分辨力）image degradation 影（图）象退化；影（图）象衰减image description 影象描绘image digitization 图象数字化image displacement 影象位移image distortion 影（图）象失真image integrator 图象综合image intensifier 影（图）象增强器；变象管；象亮化器image intensity 图象强度image interpretation 影象判读image magnification 影（图）象放大image matching 影象匹配image processing rectification 图象处理校正复原and restorationimage processing 图象处理校正复原image ray 象点投影线image recognition 影（图）象识别image reconstruction 影（图）象重建image reconstructor 影象再现装置image registration 图象配准image representation 影（图）象显示；影（图）象再现image resolution；ground resolution 影象分辨力image scale 影象比例尺image size 影（图）象尺寸；影（图）象范围image space coordinate system 象空间坐标系image space 象空间image stack 影（图）象栈image transform 影（图）象变换image transformation 图象变换image translator 影（图）象转换器image；imagery 影象image 象，象片；影象，图象；镜象图形imagery feature 影象特征index to Names 地名索引indexed sequential file 顺序索引文件indexed 索引化的indexing 索引；加下标；变址index 指标；指数；索引informatics 信息学information area 信息区information bit 信息位information center 信息中心information collection 信息采集information content 信息量information explosion 信息爆炸information extraction 信息提取information float 信息浮动information format 信息格式information management 信息管理information network 信息网information overlays 信息叠加information rate 信息传输速率Information requirement(IR) 请求信息information revolution 信息革命information science 信息科学information system 信息系统information technology(IT) 信息技术information theory 信息论information window 信息窗口infowmation 信息input area 输入区input data 输入数据input device 输入设备input image(inimage) 输入影（图）象input/output analysis 输入／输出分析input/outpu model 输入／输出模型Input/Output(I/O) 输入／输出input 输入inquiry 查询insert 插入；嵌入integrated data base 集成数据库K-Lintegrated data layer 集成数据层Integrated Geographical Information System 集成化地理信息系统integrated GIS/technologies 综合地理信息系统／技术integrated information system 综合信息系统integrated spatial system 综合空间信息系统integrated system 综合系统interactive 交互式interactive digitizing 人机交互数字化interactive display 人机交互显示interactive drafting 交互式绘图interactive editing 交互式编辑Interactive Graphics and Retrieval System 交互图形与恢复系统Interactive Graphics Design System 交互式图形设计系统Interactive Graphics System/Interactive 交互式制图系统／交互式制图子系统Graphics Subsystem；IGS/IGSSinteractive graphics 交互式制图interactive image processing system 人机对话影（图）象处理系统interactive mode 交互式模式Interactive Multimedia 交互式多媒体interactive processing mode 人机交互模式interactive processing 人机交互处理interactive processing 交互式处理interactive restoration 人机对话复原Interactive Surface Modeling 交互式地表建摸interactive topology 交互式拓扑Interactive Volume Modeling 交互式立体模型intercell plot 单元间图（或文件）interchange format 交换格式interchange modeling 交换模拟interchange model 交换模型internal data model 内部数据模型internal data structure 内部数据结构（只在处理过程中保持的）internal database file 内部数据库文件interrecord data structures 交互记录的数据结构inverse fast Fourier transform 快速傅立叶变换isoline 等值线isolith 等厚度线isolong 等经度改正线isomagnetic chart 等磁力线图isometric coordinate 等量坐标isometric design 等角投影isometric latitued 等量纬度isometric map projection 等量地图投影isometric mapping 等量制图isoperimetric map projection 等量地图投影isoplane 等平面isopleth mapping 等值线制图isopleth map 等值线图isoplethic mapping 等值线制图isoplethic map 等值线图isopleth 等值线key 关键字key attributes 关键属性key bed 标准层key entry 键盘输入key feedback area 码反馈区key field 关键字段key file 关键文件key horizon 标志层key identifiers 关键标识符key map 索引图；总图key pad 键座key value dictionary 关键值索引key variable indexing 关键变量索引keyboard buffer 键盘缓冲keyboard equivalent key 键盘等价命令键keyboard shortcut 键盘快捷命令keyboard 键盘land evaluation 土地评价Land Information System(LIS) 土地信息系统Land Information Technology(LIT) 土地信息技术land types 土地类型land unit 土地单元land use 土地利用landform 地表形态landscape drawings 景观绘图landscape map 景观地图layer file 层文件layer index 图层索引layer index 层索引layer system 分层设色法layer-tinted map 分层设色地图layered style map 分层设色地图layered style 分层设色表示法layering 分层；层化layers 层次layer 层layover 覆盖；遮蔽（雷达影像）Leaf Area Index 叶区域索引leaf level 叶层次league 里格leaking polygon 未闭合多边形legend 图例lettering 地图注记lineage 数据说明line element 线状要素line feature 线状特征line follower 线跟踪器（量测转换边界）line generalization 趋势线概化line graph 线状图line in polygon calculation 多边形内线判断计算line in polygon retrieval 多边形内线判断查询line intersection 线段交叉line map 线画图line of nodes 交轨线line symbologics 线状符号表达法line symbol 线状符号local database 局域数据库local datum 局部定标数据logical block 逻辑块logical channel number 逻辑通道号码Mlogical consistency 逻辑一致性logical contouring 逻辑恒直线logical data base(LDB) 逻辑数据库logical data model 逻辑数据模型logical data structure 逻辑数据结构logical decision 逻辑判定logical design 逻辑设计logical exclusive operation of image 影象逻辑异运算logical expression 逻辑表达logical links 逻辑连接logical mounting 逻辑安装logical name 逻辑名字logical operation 逻辑运算logical operator 逻辑运算符logical order 逻辑指令logical overlap 逻辑重叠logical record 逻辑记录logical security 逻辑安全性logical selection 逻辑选择logical storage structure 逻辑存储结构logical unit 逻辑单元logic 逻辑login (=logon)注册lot and block 地块与街段lot dimensions 地块尺寸lot line 地块边界lot of record 地块记录lot 地块LPT port 并行口LU pooling 逻辑单元合并machine bias 机器偏差machine code 机器码machine encoding 机器编码machine language 机器语言machine processable 机器可处理的man-machine interface 人机接口manager access 管理者存取manual digitizer 手扶数字化器manual digitizing 人工数字化manual encoding 人工编码manual link 人工连接manual map enhancement 人工地图增强manuscript map 原图；稿图manuscript 原图many-to-one relate 多对一关系map accuracy (absolute) 绝对地图精度map accuracy (relative) 相对地图精度map accuracy level 地图精度水平map accuracy specifications 地图精度说明map accuracy standards 地图精度标准map adjustment 地图接边；图幅接边map algebra 地图代数Map and Chart Data Interchange 地图与图表间数据交换map appearance 地图整饰map average 地形特征地图map black clouds 地图数据密集区map border 图廓map chart 作战海图map clarity 地图清晰性map closure 地图闭合map code （１）地图代码；（２）变换码，印象码map collar data 地图边缘数据map color atlas 地图色谱map compilation 地图编绘map complexity 地图复杂性map composition 地图编制map computerization 地图计算机化map coverage 地图层map data base 地图数据库map data retrieval 地图数据查询map data structure 地图数据结构map data 地图数据map decoration 地图整饰map deformation 地图变形map description 地图描述map digitization 地图数字化map digitizing 地图数字化map directory 地图目录map display 地图显示map distortion 地图畸变map distribution 地图供应map edge 图幅边缘map editing 地图编辑map extent 地图范围map face 图幅尺寸；图幅面积map feature 地图特征map files 地图文件map generalization 地图综合map graphics to text data linkage 图形－文本数据连接map graphics 图形－文本数据连接map grid 地图格网map information 地图信息map interpretation 地图判读map join 图幅连接map layer 图层map layout 图面配置map legibility 地图易读性map limits 图范围map linkage 图连接map load 地图负载量map making 制图map matching guidance 地图匹配导航map matching 地图匹配map measure 量图轨map miles 地图英里坐标系统map model system 地图模型系统map nadir 图面底点map name 地图名map of neotectonic strength 图上量算map origin 图坐标原点map overlay analysis 地图叠置分析map overlay modeling analysis 地图叠置模拟分析map overlay地图叠置map parallel 图横线map perception 地图感受map plotting 填图map point 图上定位点；图面点map positional file 地图叠置文件map position 地图定位map projection system 地图投影系统map projection transformation 地图投影转换map projection 地图投影map projector 地图投影仪map quadrangle/map quad 地图标准图幅map query 地图查询map reading 读图map registration 地图对齐map representation file 地图表示文件map resolution 地图分辨率map revision 地图更新map scale number 地图比例尺数map scale 地图比例尺map scaling 地图比例变换map section 图区map series 系列地图map set miles 图集英里比例尺map sheet manipulation 图幅操作map sheet 图幅map shift 图幅移位map sliver 地图细小多边形map specifications 地图规范map standards 地图标准map substitute 临时版地图map symbolism 地图符号体系map symbol 地图符号map systematic errors 地图系统误差map test 地图检测map theme 地图专题map title 图名map tolerance 地图容限map transformation 地图转换map types 地图类型map unit tolerance 地图单位容限map units 地图单位容限map use 地图利用map zoom 地图放大map 地图map-controlled mosaic 地图控制镶嵌图map-grid 地图格网map-matching guidance 地图匹配指导map-projection aspect 地图投影轴map-to-page transformation 地图－页变换mapland 制图地区mapping accuracy standards 制图精度标准mapping accuracy 制图精度mapping angle （子午线）收敛角mapping control 图根控制mapping control point 图根点NMapping Data Interchange Format (MDIF) 制图数据交换格式Mapping Information Management System (MIMS) 制图信息管理系统mapping 制图；测图MAPSAT 制图卫星mapsheet 图幅marginal data 图廓资料margin 边缘；图边；页边；空白master map projection 母型投影master model 立体地图原型medium 媒体；中等的megabit ram 兆字节存储器menu bar 菜单条menu box 菜单盒menu button 菜单按钮menu icons 菜单图标menu item 菜单项menu mark 菜单符号menu origin 菜单原点menu tablet 菜单输入板menu title 菜单标题menu-controlled program 特征码清单控制程序menu 清单；菜单minimum access time 最小存取时间minimum boundary rectangle 最小边界矩形minimum distance classification 最短距离分类minimum distance routing 最短距离选择minimum mapping units 最小制图单元minimum path network 最短路网minimum path tree 最短路径树modular software 模块化软件modular 模数的；模块的Modulator；DEM modulator 数字地面模型模块module field 模块区（空间数据转换）multi-media 多媒体multimedia GIS 多媒体GISmultimedia systems 多媒体系统multimedia 多媒体multiuser 多用户native code 本机语言native map 本土地图natural resource data 自然资源数据network analysis 网络分析network architecture 网络结构network basefile system 网络基本文件系统netwok chain 网络链network data 网络数据network data model 网络数据模型network database 网络数据库Network File Server 网络文件服务器Network File System(NFS) 网络文件系统Network Interface Card 网络接口卡network layer 网络层network model 网状模型Network Operating System 网络操作系统OTnetwork protocol 网络协议network simulation 网络模拟network structure 网络结构neutral networks 神经网络neutral net 神经网络non-graphic attribute 非图形属性non-graphic information 非图形信息nongeographic information 非地理信息。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第一课Comprehensive:全面的，综合的，Intellectual:智力的，才智的Jargon:专业术语Terminology:专业术语Geomatique:地理信息技术Geoscience:地球科学Derivative:派生物，衍生物Cartography:地图绘制学，地图绘制Architect：建筑师Preliminary：初步的，起始的Enumerate：列举，枚举Resemble：像，与……相似Transformation：转换第二课Automated：自动化的Equivalent:a等价的Cartographer：绘制图表者，制图师Mylar：胶片Electronic：电子的Encode：编码Orthophotoquad:正射影像图Aerial：空中的，航空的Aggregation：集合，聚合，集合体Reproduction：再现，复制，繁殖Dissemination：传播，宣传，传染Counterpart：相似之物Compactness：致密性Complexity：复杂，复杂性Hamper：阻碍，束缚Retrieval：取回，恢复，修补Analog：模拟的Planimeter:测面器，求积仪Phenomena：现象Quantitative：数量的，定量的Histogram：直方图，柱状图Supplementally:追加，补充Modification：修改，变型Cartogram:统计地图，统计图Hand-drawn：手绘Emergency：紧急事件Employe：雇佣，雇工Clarify：澄清，阐明Geographic information systemGeographical information systemGeomatiqueGeorelational information systemNatural resources information systemGeoscience or geological information systemSpatial information systemSpatial data analysis systemA data input subsystem that collect andpreprocess spatial data from varioussources。
This subsystem isalso largely responsible forthe transformation of different types of spatialdataA data storage and retrieval subsystem thatorganize the spatial data in a manner that allowsretrieval updating and editingA data manipulation and analysis subsystemthat performs tasks on the data aggregates anddisaggregates, estimates parameters andconstraints, and performs modeling functions.A reporting subsystem that displays all or partof the database in tabular, graphic, or map formmap GisData collection:aerial photos,survey,etcData collection:aerial photos,surveys, etc.Data processing: aggregation,classing,etc,;linear processData processing:aggregation,classing, plusanalysis,circular processMap production:final stepexcept for reproduction anddisseminationMap production: not alwaysfinal step; normally one mapused to produce still more Map reproduction Map reproductionMap GisRequires rulers,planimeters,compasses, and othertools all used by thehuman analyst.Restricted to the dataas they are aggregatedand represented on thepaper mapUses the power of thecomputer tomeasure,compare, anddescribe contents of thedatabase. Allows readyaccess to the raw dataand allows aggregationand reclassification forfurther analysisEasy calculation of polygon and thenumber of effectiveThe grid to quadtree and theconversion of quadtree to the grid issimpler than the other methodPolygon nested polygonheterogeneous expressed moreconvenientEach part in the array resolution isvariable, according to the actualsituation changesTaxonomy：分类学，分类法Bifurcation：分歧，分叉Parcel:地块Conservation：保存，保持Procurement：获得，取得，采购Wildlife：野生动植物Earthquake：地震Landslide：泥石流，山崩Cadastral：地籍的，有关土地清册的Geodetic：大地测量学，最短线的Sophisticated：精致的，复杂的第三课Pervade:弥漫，遍及Aspect：坡向，方向，面貌Inevitable：必然的，不可避免的Proprietary：所有的，专利的Mineral：矿物的，矿质的Military：军队，军人Electricity：电力，电流Telecommunication：通讯，电信学Interconnect：使相互连接，相互联系Administrative：管制的，行政的Environmental：环境的，周围的Attribute：属性，特质Procedure：步骤，程序，手续Manipulation：操作，操纵，处理Historically：历史上地，Subsume：把…..归入，把…..包括在Eclipse：形成蚀，使黯然失色Visualization：可视化，Immense：巨大的，广大的Analogue：类似，相似物Conventional：常见的，惯例的Enquire：询问，打听Coniferous：松柏科的Highlight：强调，突出，Stress：强调，加压力与Derive：得到，源于Discipline：纪律，学科，惩罚Algorithm：算法，Interpret：说明，口译，解释Artificial：人造的，仿造的，虚伪的Intelligence：智力，理解力，Huffman tree is also called the optimal two tree, is a weighted shortest path length of the two fork tree. A classical application of Huffman tree is the Huffman code。
In data communications, often need to transfer text into a binary string, this process is the code。
Huffman code is a variable length coding scheme，Its core is the symbol of higher frequency using shorter code。
The encoding process is according to different symbol frequency (equivalent to the weight) construct a Huffman tree, path and for leaf node to the root node，The left child node path identification is 0, the right child path identification 1。
Geomatique:地理信息技术Cartography:地图绘制学，地图绘制Preliminary：初步的，起始的Cartographer：绘制图表者，制图师Encode：编码Aggregation：集合，聚合，集合体Retrieval：取回，恢复，修补Analog：模拟的Quantitative：数量的，定量的Histogram：直方图，柱状图Cartogram:统计地图，统计图Parcel:地块Geodetic：大地测量学，最短线的Cadastral：地籍的，有关土地清册的Attribute：属性，特质Procedure：步骤，程序，手续Prime meridian：本初子午线Algorithm：算法，Discipline：纪律，学科，惩罚Visualization：可视化，Globe；球体Map projection地图投影Planar projection；平面投影Azimuthal projection；方位投影Characteristic，特征，特性Reference globe；参考椭球体Scale factor；比例因子Principle scale；主比例尺Equivalent projection；等积投影Equidistant；等距投影Mercator transverse；横轴莫卡托投影Gnomonic protection；中心切面投影Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级方位投影Urban：城市的Agriculture：农业，农艺Adjunct：附属物，修饰语Subdiscipline:学科的分支，副学科第四课Globe；球体Illustrate；阐明Configuration；配置，结构，外形Thematic；主题的Encounter；遭遇；邂逅Map projection地图投影Cylindrical；圆柱形的Projection family；投影系Planar projection；平面投影Cylindrical projection；圆柱投影Conical projection；圆锥投影Azimuthal projection；方位投影Community，社区，团体Representation；表现，陈述Characteristic，特征，特性Retain；保持，记住Convert；使转变Reference globe；参考椭球体Principle scale；主比例尺Scale factor；比例因子Cardinal 主要的，基本的Angular conformity；角度一致Conformal；等角的Orthomorphic；正形的Equivalent projection；等积投影Fundamental；基本的Equidistant；等距投影Maintain；维持，维修，供养Standard parallel；标准纬线Vital；生死攸关的，至关重要的Preservation；保存，保留Mercator transverse；横轴莫卡托投影Shopping mall ；大卖场Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级方位投影Stereographic；立体照相的Orthographic；直角的Gnomonic protection；中心切面投影Georeference；地理坐标参考系Universal transverse Mercator；通用横莫卡托投影Data type；数据类型，资料类型Attribute；属性，性质Vector；矢量Raster：光栅Langscape；地表，地形Vertex；顶点，头顶Arc；弧形物，弧Node；节点Topology；拓扑学Vector-raster conversion矢量-栅格转换Quadtree；四叉树Computer-aided drafting；计算机辅助制图Orthophoto；正色摄影Map algebra地图代数Forestry stand；林地，林区Inappropriate；不适当的，不相称的Quantized：量化的Legend：传奇，图例Vegetation：植物，草木Geological：地质的Spatial：空间分析技术Binary：二元的，二进制的Residence：居住，住处Variable：易变的，多变的Run-length code:长度方向编码Subsystem：子系统Pattern：样式，模式Scheme：模式，设计Database：数据库Resolution：解析，决议Entity：实体Spaghetti model：面条模型Topological model：拓扑模型Coordinate:坐标From node：终点Intersect：交叉，相交Form node：起始点Graph theory：图论Analog：模拟地图Compact：紧密的Reduction：缩减，降低Codification：编码，译成代码Shorthand：速记法Theme：题目，主题Scheme：模式，计划第五课Georeference；地理坐标参考系Ellipsoid；椭圆，椭面Department of defence；国防部Universal transverse Mercator；通用横莫卡托投影第六课Thematic；题目的，主题的Facilitate；促进，帮助Data type；数据类型，资料类型Animation；活泼生气，激励Attribute；属性，性质Narration；叙述，讲述Vector；矢量Raster；光栅Image；影像，肖像Photograph；照片，相片Langscape；地表，地形Vertex；顶点，头顶Arc；弧形物，弧Node；节点Connectivity；连通性，互联性Topology；拓扑学Mathematical；数学的，数学上的Adjacency；毗邻，四周Computer-aided drafting；计算机辅助制图Gridcell；格网单元Tesseate；棋盘格网的Quadtree；四叉树Data volume；数据卷Cumbersome；笨重的Vector-raster conversion矢量-栅格转换Imperative；必要的，势在必行的Map algebra地图代数Modeling；造型的Distinguish；区别，区分Orthophoto；正色摄影Ancillary；辅助的，Rectify；改正Summarize；总结，概述Aesthetically；审美的Continuous；连续的，持续的Filtering；过滤，滤除Idelally；理想的，观念上Descrete；离散的，不连续的Forestry stand；林地，林区Accommodate；供应，容纳Integrity；完整性，正直Inappropriate；不适当的，不相称的第七课Quantized：量化的Coverage：覆盖Legend：传奇，图例Vegetation：植物，草木Geological：地质的Efficient：有效的，生效的Awkward：笨拙的，尴尬的Checkerboard：棋盘Similarity：类似，相似点Recreation：娱乐，消遣Residence：居住，住处Variable：易变的，多变的Primary：主要的Eliminate：消除，排除Intuitive：直觉Binary：二元的，二进制的Accomplished：熟悉的，有技巧的Retrieve：检索的Manipulation：操纵，操作Mainframe：主机，Workstation：工作台，工作站Flexibility：弹性，灵活性Transparent：透明的，显然的Strengthening：强化，加固Linkage：连接，联系Spatial：空间分析技术Maturing：成熟第八课Run-length code:长度方向编码Compacting：压缩，精简Approach：方法Subsystem：子系统Acetate：一种透明胶片Numerical：数字的，数值的Giggling :轻笑，傻笑Humility：谦逊的Workload：负载，工作量Pattern：样式，模式Scheme：模式，设计Cumbersome：笨重的，难使用的Respectively：各自的，分别的Homogeneous：各种的，相似的Quadrant：四分之一Variable：变量的，易变的Resolution：解析，决议Subdivision：细分，子部Multiple：多个的，多种的Database：数据库第九课Reminiscent：提示的，怀旧的Entity：实体Implicit：隐式的，内含的Explicit：明晰的，明确的‘Intervening：干涉的Spaghetti model：面条模型Topological model：拓扑模型Envision：预见，展望Coordinate:坐标Enormous:巨大的Plotting device：绘图设备Precalculated:预先计算好的Incorporate：集成，包含Contact：接触Intersect：交叉，相交Identification：识别Tedious：冗长的Approximate：接近，使接近Polygon：多边形From node：终点Suffer：遭受Analog：模拟地图Graph theory：图论Portrayal：描述，画像Meandering：曲折的Drawback：缺点第十课Compact：紧密的Reduction：缩减，降低Codification：编码，译成代码Scheme：模式，计划Shorthand：速记法Theme：题目，主题第十一课Majority：大多数Algorithm：算法Plotter：绘图仪Rasterisation:栅格化Vectorisation：矢量化Approximation：近视，概算Pixel：像素Boundary：边界Minimise :使……最小化Sampling：取样Jaggedness:层次不齐Aliasing：扭曲，变形Signal processing：信号处理Counteracting；反作用Continuint；连续性Increment；增长Curve；曲线Neighbouring polygon相邻多边形Allocating；分配Areal；面积的Context，上下文，环境Dominant；重要的，强大的Clipped；裁剪的Rounding；圆的Associated；联合的Predict；预测Coherence；连贯性，相关性Aberration；偏离，偏差Strategy；策略Assumption；假定，臆断。