动词的过去式变化形式
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动词的过去式变化形式
1)
过去式规则变化
1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,
如:worked played wanted acted
2. 以不发音的-e
结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,
如:lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
3.
以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加
-ed,如:studied tried copied justified cried carried embod ied emptied
4.
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed
如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted drip ped
2)
过去式不规则变化
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的
i改为a,变成过去式。如:begin—began,drink—drank give—gave
ring—rang sing—sang sit—sat
swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove ride—rode write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:draw—drew grow—grew know—knew throw—threw (动词show除外,show—showed)4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept sleep—slept sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:speak—spoke
break—broke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:sell—sold
tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:stand—stood
understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是[:t]的过去式。如:
bring—brought buy—bought think—thought catch—caught teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为[ud]的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could shall—should will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:come—came become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:hear[hi ]—heard[h :d]say[sei]—said[sed]
,
mean
[
mi:n
]
—
meant
[
ment
]
14
.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let
—
let
,
must
—
must
,
put
—
put
,
read
—
read
[
red
]
15
.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am
,
is
—
was
,
—were ,build —built ,
do
—
did
,
eat —
ate ,
fall
—
fell
,feel —
felt
,find —found ,
fly
—flew ,
go
—went ,have /has —
had ,hold —held ,leave —
left
,make —made ,may —
,run —ran ,see —saw ,take —took