现代大学英语精读4l1

• Ɠ emphasizing the necessity for self-awareness, we must be constantly aware of the difficulties of seeing the past except through the lenses and cultural constructs of the present.
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Can not help but do sth(p3)
can not help but do… can not but do… can do nothing but do… can not do anything but
do… 但是：have no choice/alternative
but to do…
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What is history? 百家讲坛 于丹 论语心得
CCTV "Hundred Rostrums” is calling for an increased awareness of traditional Chinese culture. How do you comment on the craze of Chinese classics?
测;猜测;疑惑
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Turn out to be (Pa. 2) prove to be;
1 turn out well/fine/all right/satisfactory etc. It was a difficult time, but everything turned out all right.
• Ɠ Historians occupy subject positions that are socially and linguistically constructed, created by various discourses of a given culture
• Ɠ Power relations show that society controls its members through constructing and defining what appear
Taoism: Zhuangzi and Laozi-two famous scholars of Taoism in ancient China
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Admittedly adv. (Pa7): saying sth which weakens the importance or force of your statement
to be "universal" and "natural" truths
• Ɠ Any "universalizing" or "totalizing" claims are
questionable. We should focus rather on the specificities
of a particular historical and cultural context.
An accused man is ~d innocent until
proven guilty. Presuppose: assuming one
thing is true in order to continue with
what you are saying or thinking预先推测；
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• Questions for consideration
• 1) What is history? The whole human past? The recorded past? What historians write about the past? A record of class struggles in the past? A collective human memory? A mirror to the present? A collection of interesting and instructive stories? Propaganda? A totally timeless objective science like physics and mathematics?
• He sent her some flowers by way of an apology．
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• to be immersed in：to be completely covered or submerged in a liquid；to be deeply involved or absorbed
• 2) What is a historian supposed to do? What would you say are the most important characteristics of a good historian?
• 3) Why do historians disagree? What controversies have excited Chinese historians concerning either ancient or recent history'?
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take sth. for granted: (Pa4) regard it as true or
certain to happen
1 His parents take his success in the contest for granted.
Take sb. for granted:treat his presence and actions as a due rather than a favor
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by way of (p1)
• by way of：through, by route of，e.g．
• Taiwanese planes can now fly from the mainland to Taiwan by way of Hong Kong or Macao．
• “By way of ”can also mean“ as a means of”，e．g．
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Q
All this ____ that he agrees to accept our proposal. Otherwise, there would be no ground for cooperation. A. assumes B. presumes C. presupposes D. surmise
优秀精品课件文档资料
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ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Why Historians Disagree
Allen F. Davis & Harold D. Woodman
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• Conflict and Consensus • Respectively • Singly in the order designated or mentioned
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Assume: 主观臆断often without real proof; ~ power or responsibility; 呈现出~ a smile; 假装~ innocence; 采用~ a false name Presume: I ~ to do我冒昧地，擅自; 推测 although not certain; 认定，推定，意味着
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2. that there is no 'objectivity,' that we experience the 'world' in language, and that all our representations of the world, our readings of texts and of the past, are informed by our own historical position, by the values and politics that are rooted in them
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• Introduction to the Text
• This is a much condensed and adapted version of the preface to the book called Conflict and Consensus in Modern American History edited by Allen F. Davis and Harold D．Woodman， professors at Temple University and Purdue University respectively，who also wrote the introduction.
2 argue, assert He contends at the meeting that the
universe is expanding.
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Q
This experience opened a new _____ in his mind. A.perspective B.prospect C. factor D. aspect
new student. 4 As it turned out, …
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Contend v. (Pa.2)
1 contend with/against/for: struggle, be in rivalry or competition
They contend with each other for the top prize while getting along well.
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Perspective:远景; a way of thinking视角,观点,想法 Prospect:将要发生的事,预期展望,景色,视野,（成功）可能 性,（经济）前景; 堪察(for)(v.)
Factor: 因素;
Aspect: one of the 方面; 建筑物的方位;
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2 turn out to one’s + n. Please make sure that all the presents will turn out to their satisfaction.
3 turn out to be He turned out to be a teacher instead of a
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Presumably: adv. (Pa.2) probably, supposed to be true, likely by reasonable assumption although you are not certain
1 It is raining heavily, which presumably means that their football match will be postponed.
How do you like Prof. Yudan?
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Confucianism: Confucius, Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death.
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Assumptions of New Historicism
1. that there is no transhistorical or universal human essence and that human subjectivity is constructed by cultural codes which position and limit all of us in various and divided ways