大学英语修辞学第六章分析解析

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in proverbs: Spend a dime, save you time. Haste makes waste. Great boast, small roast. Creditors had better memories debtors. • Little strokes fell great oaks.
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In newspaper headings: 1) Bread Not Bombs 2) Dare Devil Who Dared 3) Very Fancy, Very Fast 4) Hellfire from the Heaven 5) Cut Crime with Jobs – Not Jails • Practice The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. • (T.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Ancient Mariner)
than
7.3 Consonance辅韵/尾韵
• Latin, meaning “to harmonize” • the repetition of the final and same or similar consonants whose preceding vowels are different • sin---run; dash---fish; add---read; odds and ends; first and last; a stroke of luck • East or west, home is best.
Chapter 7 Phonetic Figures of Speech
• 7.1 Alliteration头韵 • Latin, “repeating and playing upon the same letter”, the first figure of speech used in English verse earlier than rhyme. • the repetition of initial consonant in two or more adjacent words. It is good for sound rhyme, for musical effect and for significant emphasis. • safe and sound; fresh and fragrant blossoms; tit for tat; with might and main; • They are fighting for their hearth and home.
• Figures of speech refer to all kinds of striking or unusual configurations of words or phrases, involving the variation of any unit of the language system—graphic字形, phonological音 位, morphological形态, syntactic句法, semantic 语义, and pragmatic语用。 • 41 commonly used figures of speech are listed in the textbook and they are grouped into four categories: phonetic, syntactic, semantic and logical.
• Functions of onomatopoeia: • giving auditory description to break up visual, strenuous description, making the implied exquisiteness of the diction more directly; • adding vividness or vitality to the description
Exercise
• Point out the figures of speech used in the following: • 1) When I lent I was a friend, when I asked I was unkind. • 2) Harm hatch, harm catch. • 3) Pride hurts, modesty benefits. • 4) There is the clear mellow clang of the trolley gongs, the musical trill of fast wagon wheels running along the trolley rails, and the rattle of hoofs on the cobbled strip between the metals.
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1) A. The stream flows through the woods. B. The stream murmurs through the woods. 2) A. Dasi started laughing. B. Dasi started giggling. 3) A. The door was pushed open. B. The door crashed/banged open. Types of onomatopoeia human beings, animals, objects, action or movement
A Review of last two chapters
Part Three Figures of speech
What is a figure of speech?
• Two old and original terms: • Trope: • way of using words to mean other than what they literally mean, involving the deviation from its ordinary and literal meaning • “You young people are morning sun.” • Scheme: • way of schematizing patterns of foregrounded regularity of form, either syntactically or phonetically, i.e. parallelism; repetition; chiasmus; etc.
• Alli.--clear clang; mellow musical metal; trolley trill; wagon wheel; running rattle rail • Asso.--mellow metal; trolley gong cobble along; clang wagon rattle • Conso.—gongs wheels rails hoofs metals
• in prose, speech, advertising, news report, etc. • 1) Women Make Policy, Not Coffee (newspaper heading) • 2) Large factories in China wish to be given a freer hand in the right to hire and fire. • 3) While the morality of their mission was clear the legality was not.
7.4 Onomatopoeia 拟声
• • • • • • • • 关关雎鸠， 在河之洲。 窈窕淑女， 君子好逑。——《诗经· 国风· 周南· 关雎》 雷填填兮雨冥冥， 猿啾啾兮狖夜鸣。 （yòu长尾猿） 风飒飒兮木萧萧， 思公子兮徒离忧。 ——屈原《九歌· 山鬼》
• Greek, meaning “name-making.” language sounding like the thing it refers to: • “cuckoo”; • “crash” : imitation of a loud and sudden noise of something falling and shattering; • “zoom” : imitation of loud, low-pitched buzzing or humming sound.
It seemed that out of battle I escaped, Down some profound dull tunnel, long since scooped Through granites which titanic wars had groined. Yet also there encumbered sleepers groaned, Too fast in thought or death to be bestirred. (Wilfred Owen)
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in tongue twisters: 1) Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper; 2) She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore. In proverbs: 1) No pains, no palm; no thorn, no throne; no cross, no crown. 2) Many a man, many a mind. 3) A gloved cat catches no mice. In Advertisements and slogans: 1) Vitamins for Vim and Vigor 2) Sea, Sun, Sand, Seclusion恬静----and Spain! 3) Workers of the world, unite!
7.2 Assonance元韵
• the repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and/or followed by different consonants in the stressed syllables of adjacent words to create a musical rhythm and to achieve a particular effect of euphony. • “fair and square”

• Human beings and movement • Hey, Mm, oh, ha, sh-, grunt, mumble, whisper, whimper, chuckle, giggle, clap, etc. • 1) The crowd began to hiss and boo him for his unsportsmanlike conduct, but he sat unmoved. • 2) They pooh-poohed the idea.
• in poetry: • 1) I arise from dreams of thee, – In the first sweet sleep of night. • 2) I kissed thee ere I killed thee. (Shakespeare) • 3) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, – The furrow followed free (Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)