2019年考研广外真题回忆版含翻译真题
2019考研英语二翻译真题及译文
2019考研英语二翻译真题及译文2019年考研英语翻译不是很难，小编为大家提供2019考研英语二翻译真题及译文，一起来看看你翻译的内容和译文有什么不一样吧！2019考研英语二翻译真题46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he have to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception. 2019考研英语二翻译译文人们很容易低估了英国小说家詹姆斯·赫里欧。
2019年考研英语(二)真题完整版(附答案及详细解析)
2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题完整版附答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says A mrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A）regulate a child's basic emotionsB）improve a child's intellectual abilityC）foster a child’s moral developmentD）intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A）deceptiveB）burdensomeC）addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awarenessthat______.A）emotions are context-independentB）emotions are socially constructiveC）emotional stability can benefit healthD）an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By s aying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. Califo rnia’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predo minantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store orquitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Yo unger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSW ER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, re adable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so ea sily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an ab undance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the re sult of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard w ay and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instea d. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详细解析1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。
2019年全国研究生考试英语(一)真题及答案解析
2019年全国研究生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due toroads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose1-20参考答案及解析：1. 生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。
2003-2019广东外语外贸大学813.814经济学历年真题回忆版
2003-2019广东外语外贸大学813.814经济学历年真题回忆版2019 年813 经济学真题回忆（注：广外2018 年将往年814 改为813.分开出题，金融学日后考的是813）一、名词解释（30 分）1.吉芬商品2.生产者剩余3.帕累托最优4.货币幻觉5.流动性偏好6.摩擦性失业二、简答题（40 分）1.完全垄断市场条件2.厂商使用生产要素的利润最大化原则3.自动稳定器的作用是怎么发挥的4.通货膨胀的对社会和经济的影响三、计算题（30 分）各种成本计算总供给总需求曲线平移计算四、论述题（50 分）1.如何理解看不见的手和市场失灵的现象2.你认为目前阻碍我国经济发展的原因是什么，未来经济发展的动力是什么？2018年813经济学真题回忆（注：广外2018年将往年814改为813.分开出题，金融学日后考的是813）一、名词解释1.需求的价格弹性2.消费者剩余3.经济租金4.货币创造乘数5.财政政策6.结构性失业二、简答7.简述生产的规模经济递增、生产的规模经济递减、生产的规模经济不变。
8.简述完全竞争市场具备的条件9.简述投资的决定因素10.简述凯恩斯总供给曲线的特征三、计算11.给出TC（Q）＝Q3＋5Q2－15Q＋66，（1）可变成本部分和不可变成本部分（2）求TVC，AC，TFC，AFC，MC12.给c＝30-0.8yd，i＝60，g＝50，tn＝50，nx＝50－0.05yd（1）均衡收入（2）净出口余额（3）投资乘数（4）当投资变为70，求均衡收入和净出口余额（5）当nx＝40－0.05yd，求均衡收入和净出口余额四、论述13.论述外部影响的存在对资源配置的影响，对建设美丽中国的启示14.论述经济增长的源泉，我国供给侧改革2017年814经济学真题回忆一、名词解释1、纳什均衡2、市场失灵3、菲利普斯曲线4、自助稳定器5、流动性陷阱6、生产者剩余二、简答题1、画图说明垄断厂商的短期均衡和长期均衡的形成以及条件。
2019年广东外语外贸大学中国现当代文学真题回忆
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年广东外语外贸大学中国现当代文学真题回忆
绝对最完整回忆版↓
文学理论：
名词解释：
1.艺术发现
2.期待视野
3.叙述话语
4.意境
5.理想型文学
简答：
6.文学接受的阶段
7.简述英伽登的文学文本四层次
8.文学批评的性质
9.从学科归属、对象任务、学科品格三方面说明文学理论的性质
论述：
10.举例说明典型在文学作品中的意义
11.结合以下两个文本分析文学与非文学的区别
便条：我吃了放在冰箱里的梅子，它们大概是你留着早餐吃的。
请原谅，它们太可口了，那么甜又那么凉。
便条
【美】威廉斯
我吃了
放在
冰箱里的
梅子
它们
大概是你
留着
早餐吃的
请原谅
它们太可口了
那么甜
又那么凉
中国现当代文学史：
名词解释：
1.《沉沦》小说集
2.“农村三部曲”
3.《在医院中》
4.《红豆》
5.《干校六记》
简答：
6.简述你对朦胧诗的认识
7.简述你对反思文学的认识
8.简述你对《白鹿原》的认识
9.简述你对新写实小说的认识
论述：
10.《子夜》的社会剖析特征
11.《雷雨》的悲剧观念和主要人物性格。
2019年广东外语外贸大学日语口译考研真题汇总
2019年广东外语外贸大学日语口译考研真题汇总【翻译硕士日语】一、单词汉字选假名5个：投書輔弼否応栄達意図二、语法选择以下每一行的内容均为同一道选择题目的选项。
语法题中规中矩，考了少许惯用句及动词词义辨析，剩下为近义语法的辨析，基本以N2为主。
所以复习准备时一定要打牢基础。
三、阅读理解阅读理解为两篇篇幅略短的文章，各设5道选择题1、第一篇文章大意为如果日本人一起到绿色就想到自然，然后分析原因，因为日本天蓝水清呀，农村的耕地也会让人觉得身处大自然之中呀等等。
①第一题是问文中一句话作者想表达的是什么意思（寻求读者的意见、向读者提出问题还是引起读者的共鸣）考点应该是のではないか与ではないか的意思辨析。
②第二题是将段落中挖了一句，提供5个选项，要求选出可填入空白位置的2处。
③剩下三题，一题是不符合文章描述的内容，还有一题是选出最符合的标题。
2、第二篇文章是说：书都是知识渊博的人所著，很多人阅读时非常吃力。
虽然读书能带来很多收获，但因并非生活必需，会有很多人选择逃避。
另外读书就像偏食一样，每个人有自己的喜好。
如果自己不喜欢的话，纵使努力读完，也不会得到收获，只会疲劳罢了。
不过读书的偏食是可以很好解决的。
先从自己喜欢的简单的开始，伴随积累之后自然也会改变读书口味，及读难书了。
文中挖空了三处接续词，整体来说，阅读理解文章短小，且无复杂词语。
题目全为选择题，中规中矩。
难度远低于N1。
但是40分分值非常重，建议不要放松复习，毕竟出题人的心猜也无法猜，万一像今年的百科一样…四、作文题目：弱者に送る言葉，不少于800字。
作文我是没有发言权的，在宪老师的多次催促下，我也只写过两篇作文。
而且一塌糊涂。
不过因为前面题目简单且题量不大，写作文的时间还是非常充裕的。
一定要理清思路打好草稿再写。
如果报了初心通用课程或专项课程的童鞋，一定要毫不客气地辛苦老师们呀~【日汉翻译基础】一、词汇日译汉二、词汇汉译日1、养老院2、垄断3、互利合作4、马拉松5、电饭煲6、中药7、圣火传递8、扶贫工作9、投标10、加息11、视频30个单词各种类别，并没有单纯考政经。
2019年考研广西大学翻译硕士初试真题回忆版
2019年广西大学翻译硕士初试真题回忆版汉语写作与百科三大题型一、百科填空（25题/50分）（1）黄梅戏是哪个省份的戏种？（2）唐代《茶经》的作者是？（3）英国最长的河流是？（4）美国最大的州和最小的州分别是阿拉斯加州和？（5）“师夷长技以制夷”的提出者是谁？（6）最早的宪法是什么？它是不成文的宪法，（7）“爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏”指的是哪个节日？（8）IMF的中文名称是什么？（9）《白雪公主》《灰姑娘》等出自哪部童话故事？（10）金婚是指多少周年？（11）“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”是哪个思想家说的？（12）相传八卦由谁首创？（13）“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”中御指的是什么？（14）我国第一部诗歌总集是什么？（15）《基督山伯爵》的作者是谁？（16）美国现任总统特朗普是属于哪个党派？（17）印度的国鸟是什么？（18）著名的赵州桥始建于哪个朝代？（19）《雪绒花》是哪部影片的主题曲？（20）华佗被谁所杀害？（21）“挥一挥衣袖，不带走一片云彩”是谁的诗句？（22）歌剧起源于哪个国家？（23）还有一个关于什么天道相生的是出自哪部著作？（不太记得了）还有两个不记得了，欢迎补充！！！二、应用文（40分）假如你是外国语学院英语183班的代表学生，先让你代表全班向学院学生工作组以公文的形式写一封关于秋游的申请书，不少于300字。
三、作文（60分）关于中美贸易战的，美国步步紧逼，极限施压，中国频频接招，有理有据以“中美贸易战与我”从原因、影响与对我的启示写一篇不少于800字的作文英语翻译基础一、中英互译（每题各30个，共60个，共60分）E-C(1)fencing(2)integrated circuit(3)endowment position(4)expected benefit(5)dominant strategy(6)alumni association(7)commencement ceremony(8)Al Mater(9)Kyoto agreement(10)equestrian sport(11)artificial intelligence(12)central processing unit(13)procedural language(14)operating instruction(15)squash(16)archery(17)volcanic topography(18)Pentagon(19)Star spangled banner(20)acid midst(21)fossil fuel(22)car exhaust(23)spiked crown(24)land subsidence(25)Empire State Building(26)comparative advantage(27)figure swimming还有三个想不起来了，欢迎补充！！！C-E（1）虚假信息（2）“一带一路”空间信息走廊（3）中国国际进口博览会（4）国际货币基金组织（5）贸易顺差（6）联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（7）网络囤积（8）电动汽车（9）反全球化（10）电子竞技（11）欧元区（12）新兴市场（13）零碳技术（14）实名制（15）偷拍（16）生物技术（17）集装箱港口码头（18）精密传感器（19）正当防卫（20）主流政党（21）自助出境通关（22）古装剧（23）开源软件（24）国内需求（25）还有一个什么世界杯还有好多个想不起来啦，欢迎补充！！！二、篇章翻译（1）E-C（我在网上找到了原文）（2）C-E（来自国务院总理李克强出席第19次东盟与中日韩（10+3）领导人会议的讲话，有所删减修改）当前，世界经济复苏艰难曲折，国际金融市场动荡不稳，全球贸易持续低迷，保护主义明显抬头，经济全球化阻力上升；国际安全形势不容乐观，局部冲突和地区热点问题交织，恐怖主义、难民危机等非传统安全威胁凸显，成为国际社会共同面临的挑战。
2019年考研广外英专学硕二外法语真题回忆贴
2019年考研广外英专学硕二外法语真题回忆贴
1.难处的外婆(Grand-mere dficile) (同2012年真题)
2.法国的农业危机(难!同2013年真题，暂未找到!)五、法译汉
1.高层楼房(la grande ensemble)
2.法国的旅店六、汉译法
1.女士，对不起，我在做一份报社的调查。
2.展览会什么时候举办?
3.你一到法国就给我打电话。
4.我相信你一定已经有了好几份工作。
5.中国正在建设高速列车。
Yao回忆版:汉译法:
1.对不起女士，我为我报社做- -份调查。
2.我相信你已经收到好几个工作机会了
3.你一到巴黎就给我来一个电话。
4.这个展览会什么时候开始啊?
5.中国正在建自己的高速列车
ui回忆版:汉译法:
1.夫人，对不起我任为我的损社做- 份调查。
2.中国正在电重到车'
3.你一到也黎城给现米个电话。
4.这个展览什么时候举行?
5我梅高你已经有好几份工作机会了。
Fang但忆放:汉译法
1.对不起，夫人，我为我的报社做-份调查。
2.这个展览会什么时候举行吗?
3.你一到巴黎就给我来个电话。
4.我相信你已经有了好几个工作机会了吧。
5.中国在建高速列车。
广东外语外贸大学考研英语翻译基础真题
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广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士考研真题
广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士考研真题广东外语外贸大学（原题）翻译硕士英语Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30points,1point for each)Directions:After each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.Although she gives badly_______titles to her musical compositions,they_______ unusual combinations of materials including classical music patterns and rhythms, electronic sounds,and bird songs.A.conventional…incorporateB.eccentric…deployC.traditional…excludeD.imaginative…disguise2.Even though the folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely Frenchin origin,his versions of them were so decidedly French in style that lateranthologies of French folktales have never_______them.A.excludedB.admiredC.collectedprehended3.In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent,her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been_________.A.exaggeratedB.ignoredC.scrutinizedD.derided4.There seems to be no________the reading public’s thirst for books about the 1960’s:indeed,the normal level of interest has______recently because of a spate of popular television documentaries.A.quenching…moderatedB.whetting…mushroomedC.slaking…increasedD.ignoring…transformed5.Despite a tendency to be overtly_______,the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment,as well as pious sentiments.A.divertingB.emotionalC.didacticD.romantic6.One of the first______of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry:smoke tends to drive out the insect that,by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A.reformersB.discoveriesC.casualtiesD.beneficiaries7.The research committee urged the archaeologist to_______her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great,since her initial report has been based only on______.A.disseminate…suppositionB.withdraw…evidenceC.undercut…capriceD.document…conjecture8.Although Heron is well known for the broad comedy in the movies she has directed previously,her new film is less inclined to__________:the gags are fewer and subtler.A.understatementB.preciosityC.symbolismD.melodrama9.Bebop’s legacy is______one:bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form,but it_______jazz’s mass audience,which turned to other forms of music such as rock and pop.A.a mixed……alienatedB.a troubled……seducedC.an ambiguous……aggrandizedD.a valuable……refined10.The exhibition’s importance lies in its___________:curators have gathered a diverse array of significant works from many different museums.A.homogeneityB.sophistryC.scopeD.farsightedness11.Despite the fact that the commission’s report treats a vitally important topic, the report will be______read because its prose is so_________that understanding it requires an enormous effort.A.seldom…….transparentB.carefully……..pellucidC.little……….turgidD.eagerly……..digressive12.Carleton would still rank among the great________of nineteenth century American art even if the circumstance of her life and career were less_____than they are.A.celebrities……….obscureB.failures……..illustriousC.charlatans……impeccableD.enigmas……mysterious13.Although based on an actual event,the film lacks______________:the director shuffles events,simplifies the tangle of relationships,and _____________documentary truth for dramatic power.A.conviction……..embracesB.expressiveness…..exaggeratesC.verisimilitude…….sacrificesD.realism……….substitutes14.When Adolph Ochs became the publisher of The New York Times,he endowed the paper with a uniquely_________tone,avoiding the________editorials that characterized other major papers of the time.A.abstruse….scholarlyB.dispassionate…shrillC.argumentative…tendentiousD.cosmopolitan…timely15.There are as good fish in the sea_____ever came out of it.A.thanB.likeC.asD.so16.All the President’s Men______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.is remaining17.“You______borrow my notes provided you take care of them”,I told my friend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can18.If only the patient______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving19.Linda was_____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.A.to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting20.She_____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A.must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been21.It is not______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very22.The committee has anticipated the problems that________in the road construction project.A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen23.The student said there were a few points in the essay he_______impossible to comprehend.A.had foundB.findsC.has foundD.would find24.He would have finished his college education,but he_______to quit and finda job to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have25.The research requires more money than________.A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in26.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more27.It is not uncommon for there_______problems of communication between the old and the young.A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be28.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.A.LookingB.LookedC.Being lookedD.To look29.It is absolutely essential that William______his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues30.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_____forgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.realPart II.Reading Comprehension(40points)Section1Multiple choice questions(20points,2points for each)Directions:In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage1On New Year’s Day,50,000inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch.This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions.It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture:the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated3.5million Kenyans who,because of a severe drought,are threatened with starvation.The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn.If you are reading this in thewest,however,you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought,you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately:the pastoralists.There are20million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region,and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent.Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so?It comes down to the reluctance of governments,aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life.Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists,even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments,and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.Furthermore,African pastoralist systems are often more productive,in terms of protein and cash per hectare,than Australian,American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions.They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies.In Kenya,for example,the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth$800million per year.In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia,hides from pastoralists’herds make up over10per cent of export earnings.Despite this productivity,pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits.One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves;the lion’s share is pocketed by traders.This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine,when they need the cash to buy food,and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour.Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the1960s,investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production.It didn’t work.Firstly,no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted.Secondly,rearing livestock took precedence over human progress.The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient,which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models;and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching.They cannot.Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle.Over the past few years,funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message.One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive(the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it).Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths. This is all promising,but more needs to be done.Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle.They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding.Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products:there will likely be an additional2billion consumers worldwide by2020,the vast majority in developing countries.To ensure that pastoralists benefit,it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies.Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women,who play critical roles in livestock production.The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists.Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment,conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition.It is in the rich world’s intereststo help out.31.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A)Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B)The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C)The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D)Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.32.The word“encapsulates”in the sentence“Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para.l)can be replaced by________.(A)concludes.(B)involves.(C)represents.(D)aggravates.33.What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A)Neutral and indifferent.(B)Sympathetic and understanding.(C)Critical and vehement.(D)Subjective and fatalistic.34.When the author writes“the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonialpredecessors.”(para.4),he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not__________.(A)have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B)understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C)feel themselves superior in decision making(D)care about the development of the local people35.The author’s main purpose in writing this article is_________.(A)to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B)to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C)to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D)to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesPassage2Civil-Liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week:the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft.As part of a long-running court case,the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior.All but Google have handed over data,and now the Department of Justice(DOJ)has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security,but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In1998,Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA),but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal,the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore.In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search termsfrom the different search engines.It would then use those terms to do its own searches,employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers,in an attempt to quantify how often“material that is harmful to minors”might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case,the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test.“We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms,and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them.(The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.)Originally,the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites,the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net.“We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam,group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test,it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps,subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching.“What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?”Says the DOJ’s Miller,“I’m assuming that if something raised alarms,we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld,it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior.One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information,but the company hopes to eventually use the personal informationof consenting customers to improve search performance.“Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl,an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney.“They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”36.When the American government asked Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior,the major intention is_________.(A)to protect national security(B)to help protect personal freedom(C)to monitor Internet pornography(D)to implement the Child Online Protection Act37.Google refused to turn over“its proprietary information”(para.2)required by DOJ as it believes that________.(A)it is not involved in the court case(B)users’privacy is most important(C)the government has violated the First Amendment(D)search terms is the company’s business secret38.The phrase“scaled back to”in the sentence“the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3)can be replaced by_________.(A)maximized to(B)minimized to(C)returned to(D)reduced to39.In the sentence“One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4),the expression“sink its own case”most probably means that_________.(A)counterattack the opposition(B)lead to blocking of porn sites(C)provide evidence to disprove the case(D)give full ground to support the case40.When Kurt Opsahl says that“They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5),the expression“Big Brother”is used to refer to_________.(A)a friend or relative showing much concern(B)a colleague who is much more experienced(C)a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D)a benevolent and democratic organizationSection2Answering questions(20points,4points for each)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions following each e only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET.Passage3Millions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health&Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state.The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut.The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany’s ballooning pension crisis.Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel,a67-year-old retired bank teller,who was told her state pension would be cut by$12.30,or1% to$1,156.20a month.“It was a real shock,”she says.“My pension had alwaysgone up in the past.”There’s more bad news on the way.On Mar.11,Germany’s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions--which have been rising steadily since World War II--from53%of average wages now to46%by2020.And Germany is not ernments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy,the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from57to60, while France will require that civil servants put in40years rather than37.5to qualify for a full pension.The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions,leftist politicians,and pensioners’groups.The explanation is simple:Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By2030there will only be two workers per pensioner,compared with four in2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system,cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall.The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10billion this year in Germany alone.“In the future,a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired,”says German Health&Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt.Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti:“The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”Of course,those population trends have been forecast for years.Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands,have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions.But many Continental governments dragged their feet.Now,the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act.State-funded pension payments make up around12%of gross domestic product in Germany and France and15%in Italy——two percentage points more than 20years ago.Pensions account for an average21%of government spending across the European Union.The U.S.Social Security system,by contrast,consumes just4.8% of GDP.The rising cost is having serious repercussions on key European nations’commitments to fiscal restraint.“Governments have no choice but to make pensionreform a priority,”says Antonio Cabral,deputy director of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Economic&Financial Affairs.Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector.Corporate contributions to state pension systems--which make up19.5%of total gross pay in Germany--add to Europe’s already bloated labor costs.That,in turn,blunts manufacturers’competitiveness and keeps unemployment rates high.According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne,benefit costs reached a record41.7%of gross wages in Germany last year,compared with37.4%a decade before.French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of$121million contributed to a9%fall in operating profits last year.To cope,Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pensions schemes.But even if private pensions become more popular,European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions.While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits,the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’pension checks with envy.41.Paraphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti’s statement“The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”(para.3)42.What is implied by the last sentence of the passage“While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits,the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’pension checks with envy.”?Passage4In the old days,it was all done with cakes.For Marcel Proust,it was a visit to Mother’s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to“the vast structure of recollection”that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia,“Remembrance of Past Things.”These days,it’s not necessary to evoke the past: you can’t move without tripping over it.In an age zooming forward technologically,why all the backward glances?The Oxford English Dictionary’s first definition of nostalgia reads:“acute longing for familiar surroundings;severe homesickness.”With the speed of computers doubling every18months,and the net doubling in size in about half that,no wonder we’re aching for familiar surroundings.Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change,anything enduring becomes precious.“People are looking for something authentic,”says McLaren.Trouble is,nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing,demographics and technology.“Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be,”says Michael J.Wolf,senior partner at Booz-Allen&Hamilton in New York.“These are the new good old days.”Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market.The boomers,defined by American demographers as those born between1946and1964,are living long and prosperous lives.In both Europe and America,they remain the Holy Grail for admen,and their past has become everyone’s present.In a study on“entertainment imprinting,”two American marketing professors,Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook,asked people ranging in age from16to86which popular music from the past they liked best.People’s favorite songs,they found,tended to be those that were popular when they were about24,with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age.Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting,or at least nostalgia.The company hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel’s“Homeward Bound,”just as it launched Windows98to the tune of “Start Me up”by the Rolling Stones.Boomers remember both tunes from their20s. If boomers are one market that values memories,exiles are another.According to the International Organization of Migration,more than150million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in1965.This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious asthe freedoms of an EU passport.But exiles and refugees share one thing:homes left behind.Type in“nostalgia”on the search engine Google,and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian,an online site for Iran’s exiles, most of whom fled after1978’s Islamic revolution.Perhaps the savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site ,which features stories of clients’rediscovering long-lost books on it.One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on“Kickapoo Joy Juice,”ad dreaded medicine of his youth.A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris’s recovery of his first-grade primer”Down cherry Street.”The Net doesn’t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it.Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items,form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.Cutting-edge technology,designed to be transient,has even bred its own st year a$666Apple I went for$18,000to a British collector at a San Francisco auction.“Historic!Microsoft Multiplan for Macintosh”crows one item on eBay’s vintage Apple section.Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like“In the old days,Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?”Those who don’t remember their history are condemned to repeat it.Or so entertainment moguls hope,as they market‘70s TV hits like“Charlie’s Angels”and“Scooby Doo,”out next year,to a generation that can’t remember them the first time round.If you’ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a“Sopranos”episode, panic not.The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of2020,says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand.“I guarantee you, Madonna’s music will be used to sell everything,”he says.“God help me,I hope it’s not selling insurance.”It could be.When we traffic in the past,nothing’s sacred.43.Explain the beginning sentence“In the old days,it was all done with cakes.”44.What is the other big group besides baby boomers which values memories?What do these people share?45.What is“nostalgia market”?What do they sell in the nostalgia market? Part III.Writing(30points)46.Please reflect on the following opinion and write an essay of about400words elaborating your view with a well-defined title.Some people believe the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that educations is there,instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students,to improve the students in an all-round way,and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility.An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of“memorizing machines”.We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.英语翻译基础Part I.Phrase Translation(30points,1point for each)Section1Directions:Translate the following phrases into Chinese:。
2010-2013 广外MTI真题回忆整理打印版
广东外贸2010年MTI硕士入学考试第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 P）01. Although she gives badly ____ titles to her musical compositions, they ____ unusual combinations of materials including classical music patterns and rhythms, electronic sounds, and bird songs.A. conventional / incorporateB. eccentric / deployC. traditional / excludeD. imaginative / disguise02. Even though the folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely French in origin, his versions of them were so decidedly French in style that later anthologies of French folktales have never ____ them.A. excludedB. admiredC. collectedD. comprehended03. In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent, her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been ____.A. exaggeratedB. ignoredC. scrutinizedD. derided04. There seems to be no ____ the reading public’s thirst for books about the 1960’s: indeed, the normal level of interest has ____ recently because of a spate of popular television documentaries.A. quenching / moderatedB. whetting / mushroomedC. slaking / increasedD. ignoring / transformed05. Despite a tendency to be overtly ____, the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment, as well as pious sentiments.A. divertingB. emotionalC. didacticD. romantic06. One of the first ____ of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry: smoke tends to drive out the insect that, by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A. reformersB. discoveriesC. casualtiesD. beneficiaries07. The research committee urged the archaeologist to ____ her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great, since her initial report has been based only on ____.A. disseminate / suppositionB. withdraw / evidenceC. undercut / capriceD. document / conjecture08. Although Heron is well known for the broad comedy in the movies she has directed previously, her new film is less inclined to ____: the gags are fewer and subtler.A. understatementB. preciosityC. symbolismD. melodrama09. Bebop’s legacy is ____ one: bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form, but it ____ jazz’s mass audience, which turned to other forms of music such as rock and pop.A. a mixed / alienatedB. a troubled / seducedC. an ambiguous / aggrandizedD. a valuable / refined10. The exhibition’s importance lies in its ____: curators have g athered a diverse array of significant works from many different museums.A. homogeneityB. sophistryC. scopeD. farsightedness11. Despite the fact that the commission’s report treats a vitally important topic, the report will be____ read because its prose is so ____ that understanding it requires an enormous effort.A. seldom / transparentB. carefully / pellucidC. little / turgidD. eagerly / digressive12. Carleton would still rank among the great ____ of nineteenth century American art even if the circumstance of her life and career were less ____ than they are.A. celebrities / obscureB. failures / illustriousC. charlatans / impeccableD. enigmas / mysterious13. Although based on an actual event, the film lacks ____: the director shuffles events, simplifies the tangle of relationships, and ____ documentary truth for dramatic power.A. conviction / embracesB. expressiveness / exaggeratesC. verisimilitude / sacrificesD. realism / substitutes14. When Adolph Ochs became the publisher of The New York Times, he endowed the paper witha uniquely ____ tone, avoiding the ____ editorials that characterized other major papers of the time.A. abstruse / scholarlyB. dispassionate / shrillC. argumentative / tendentiousD. cosmopolitan / timely15. There are as good fish in the sea ____ ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so16. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining17. “You ____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them”, I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can18. If only the patient ____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving19. Linda was ____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting20. She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been21. It is not ____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. thatB. asC. soD. very22. The committee has anticipated the problems that ____ in the road construction project.A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen23. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____ impossible to comprehend.A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find24. He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have25. The research requires more money than ____.A. have been put inB. has been put inC. being put inD. to be put in26. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ____ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more27. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and the young.A. beingB. would beC. beD. to be28. ____ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. LookedC. Being lookedD. To look29. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues30. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a _____ forgery.A. man-madeB. naturalC. crudeD. realPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （40 P）Passage AOn New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3. 5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; thelion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions o f dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive（the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it）. Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.01. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.B. The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.C. The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.D. Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.02. The word “encapsulates”in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”（para. l）can be replaced by ____.A. concludes.B. involves.C. represents.D. aggravates.03. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?A. Neutral and indifferent.B. Sympathetic and understanding.C. Critical and vehement.D. Subjective and fatalistic.04. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”（para. 4）, he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not ____.A. have an objective view of the situation in AfricaB. understand the unpredictable weather systems thereC. feel themselves superior in decision makingD. care about the development of the local people05. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is ____.A. to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralistsB. to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in AfricaC. to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralismD. to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesPassage BCivil-Liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice（DOJ）has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act（COPA）, but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. （The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched. ）Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth ofsearch queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. “What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?” Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper autho rities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without w orrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”01. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is ____.A. to protect national securityB. to help protect personal freedomC. to monitor Internet pornographyD. to implement the Child Online Protection Act02. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”（para. 2）required by DOJ as it believes that ____.A. it is not involved in the court caseB. users’ privacy is most importantC. the government has violated the First AmendmentD. search terms is the company’s business secret03. The phrase “scaled back to”in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”（para. 3）can be replaced by ____.A. maximized toB. minimized toC. returned toD. reduced to04. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”（para. 4）, the expression “sink its own case”most probably means that ____.A. counterattack the oppositionB. lead to blocking of porn sitesC. provide evidence to disprove the caseD. give full ground to support the case05. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”（para. 5）, the expression “Big Brother”is used to refer to ____.A. a friend or relative showing much concernB. a colleague who is much more experiencedC. a dominating and all-powerful ruling powerD. a benevolent and democratic organizationPart 3: Answering Questions. （20 P）Passage AMillions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany’s ballooning pension crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12. 30, or 1% to $1,156. 20 a month. “It was a real shock,” she says. “My pension had always gone up in the past.”There’s more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany’s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions—which have been rising steadily since World War II—from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37. 5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners’ groups.The explanation is simple: Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By 2030 there will only be two workers per pensioner, compared with four in 2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system, cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall. The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10 billion this year in Ger many alone. “In the future, a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired,” says German Health & Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt. Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti: “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”Of course, those population trends have been forecast for years. Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions. But many Continental governments dragged their feet. Now, the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act. State-funded pension payments make up around 12% of gross domestic product in Germany and France and 15% in Italy—two percentage points more than 20 years ago. Pensions account for an average 21% of government spending across the European Union. The U. S. Social Security system, by contrast, consumes just 4.8% of GDP. Therising cost is having serious repercussio ns on key European nations’ commitments to fiscal restraint. “Governments have no choice but to make pension reform a priority,” says Antonio Cabral, deputy director of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Economic & Financial Affairs.Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector, corporate contributions to state pension systems—which make up 19. 5% of total gross pay in Germany—add to Europe’s already bloated labor costs. That, in turn, blunts manufacturers’ competitivene ss and keeps unemployment rates high. According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne, benefit costs reached a record 41. 7% of gross wages in Germany last year, compared with 37.4% a decade before. French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of $121 million contributed to a 9% fall in operating profits last year.To cope, Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pension schemes. But even if private pensions become more popular, European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions. While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy.QuestionsParaphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti’s statement “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves”? What is implied by the last sentence of the passage “While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next gene ration of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy”?Passage BIn the old days, it was all done with cakes. For Marcel Proust, it was a visit to Mother’s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to “the vast structure of recollection” that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia, “Remembrance of Past Things.” These days, it’s not necessary to evoke the past: you can’t move without tripping over it.In an age zooming forward technologically, why are all the backward glances? The Oxford English Dictionary’s first definition of nostalgia reads: “acute longing for familiar surroundings; severe homesickness.” With the speed of computers doubling every 18 months, and the net doubling in size in about half that, no w onder we’re aching for familiar surroundings. Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change, anything enduring becomes precious. “People are looking for something authentic,” says McLaren. Trouble is, nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing, demographics and technology. “Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be,” says Michael J. Wolf, senior partner at Booz-Allen & Hamilton in New York. “These are the new good old days.” Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market. The boomers, defined by American demographers as those born between 1946 and 1964, are living long and prosperous lives. In both Europe and America, they remain the Holy Grail for admen, and their past has become everyone’s present. In a study on “entertainment imprinting,” two A merican marketing professors, Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook, asked people ranging in age from 16 to 86 which popular music from the past they liked best. People’s favorite songs, they found, tended to be those that were popular when they were about 24, with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age. Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting, or at least nostalgia. Thecompany hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Homeward Bound,” just as it launched Windows 98 to the tune of “Start Me up” by the Rolling Stones. Boomers remember both tunes from their 20s.If boomers are one market that values memories, exiles are another. According to the International Organization of Migration, more than 150 million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in 1965. This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious as the freedoms of an EU passport. But exiles and refugees share one thing: homes left behind. Type in “nostalgia” on the search engine Google, and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian, an online site for Iran’s exiles, most of whom fled after 1978’s Islamic revolution. Perhaps t he savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site alibris. com, which features stories of clients’ rediscovering long-lost books on it. One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on “Kickapoo Joy Juice,” ad dreaded medicine of his youth. A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris’s recovery of his first-grade primer” Down cherry Street.” The Net doesn’t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it. Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items, form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.Cutting-edge technology, designed to be transient, has even bred its own instanostalgia. Last year a $666 Apple I went for $18,000 to a British collector at a San Francisco auction. “Historic! Microsoft Multi plan for Macintosh” crows one item on eBay’s vintage Apple section. Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like “In the old days, Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?”Those who don’t remember their history are condemned to rep eat it. Or so entertainment moguls hope, as they market “70s TV hits like “Charlie’s Angels” and “Scooby Doo,” out next year, to a generation that can’t remember them the first time round. If you’ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a “Sopranos” episode, panic not. The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of 2020, says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand. “I guarantee you, Madonna’s music will be used to sell everything,” he says. “God help me, I hope it’s not selling insurance.” It could be. When we traffic in the past, nothing’s sacred.QuestionsExplain the beginning sentence “In the old days, it was all done with cakes.” What is the other big group besides baby boomers which values memories? What do these people share? What is “nostalgia market”? What do they sell in the nostalgia market?Part 4: Writing. （30 P）Please reflect on the following opinion and write an essay of about 400 words elaborating your view with a well-defined title.Some people believe the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that educations is there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility. An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of “memorizing machines”. We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.。
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题解析版
2019年广东广州大学综合英语考研真题第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors.The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand LawCourts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn't keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter's jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word "disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innatesurvival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defendthemselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”is closest in meaning to __.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.四、段落翻译出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。
广东外语外贸大学考研英语专业真题（回忆版）
广东外语外贸大学考研英语专业真题（回忆版）写作与翻译：SUMMARY：FACEBOOK and LINKIN are powerful tools for job hunter.Writing:borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage friendship. do you agree or not?英译中：关于读书，不光要读小说，还要读其它方面的书。
中译英：21世纪是全球化的世纪。
我们不光要学习全球化的文化，还要把本国的文化推向世界。
如果说东道20世纪是美国，19世纪是英国世纪，18世纪是法国世纪。
从6世纪到13世纪是中国世纪或唐宋世纪。
唐宋六百多年期间，中国的政治制度先进，经济繁荣，文化。
在唐宋全盛时间，中国依靠“礼义”治国。
礼是自然外在的规则，义是自然内在的和谐；礼是义的外在，义是仁的外在；做人要讲仁义，治国要靠礼义。
1、真的，生活并不完全是你看到的样子，很多大事情你经历了却并不知道。
如果你知道了这些，你大概就不会对现在的得与失太在意了。
没错，每个人都不是步步摔跟头的倒霉蛋，更没有人是一帆风顺的命运的宠儿。
看淡那些事情，平静而踏实地经历生活的起落，相信你会生活得更好。
2、男人最酷的时光都在他们还是穷光蛋的时候。
疯狂、理想、执着、孤注一掷、大开大合。
3、距离常是能够产生美，无间的亲密只会令双方窒息，无论朋友还是爱人，别爱的太近。
爱的艺术就像风筝，只有给它风一般的自由，你才会看到它飞舞在蓝天的景致。
4、总有一次流泪让我们瞬间长大。
没有丢过东西的人，永远不会了解失去的感觉。
5、出门在外，不论别人给你热脸还是冷脸，都没关系。
外面的世界，尊重的是背景、而非人本身。
朋友之间，不论热脸还是冷脸，也都没关系。
真正的交情，交得是内心、而非脸色。
不必过于在意人与人之间一些表面的情绪。
挚交之人不需要、泛交之人用不着。
“情绪”这东西，你不在乎，它就伤不到你。
——苏芩6、所谓勇气，就是不断经历失败，但是从不丧失热情。
2019年广东外语外贸大学德语口译真题回忆
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年广东外语外贸大学德语口译真题回忆翻译硕士德语：100分第一部分：选择题20题每题1.5分。
有俗语，有介词，有语法(一虚，事态)，还有前缀不一样的动词辨析。
有些题很基础，如第一题(选介词) ersten Mal，有三四题是拉分的，要细细揣摩。
第二部分：阅读四篇，每问两分，共40分。
文章都不太长，专四难度。
前两部分做完的时候只用了一个小时。
前三篇记忆中备考专四的时候做过，好像连问题都一样…一二篇是选择题，一共10问。
第三篇判断正误，10问。
第四篇是自己写答案，答案在文章中几乎能找到原句。
第三部分，作文，30分。
图表描述+议论文，不少于400字。
图表是德国人每天看电视的时长和年龄变化的关系，这个专四的时候也练过，图也一样。
但是数据印得很模糊，几乎看不清... 只能靠猜或靠发挥...还给了一段材料，大概讲互联网兴起，电视地位越来越低，可能未来电视会消失。
德语翻译基础：150分词汇翻译各十五个，一个一分，共30分。
对不起，我想不起那么多了... 德译汉有三分之二是缩写！德译汉：WHOIWFZDFdpaDSHAAADafPKW-Bestandjd. den Wind aus dem Segeln nehmen汉译德：身份证入场券性价比国家访问外交关系己所不欲勿施于人有志者事竟成一篇德译汉，420 Wörter出乎意料地没有汉译德，而是提了两个问题，让你写一篇300-400 Wörter 的相关文章，各60分。
德译汉文章说的是，在德国校园中开设了汉语课程，大概讲了各州的情况和一些存在的问题，比如各州实施进度不一，还有的学校制定了教学计划但却没有实施，缺乏正规的汉语教材等等。
提出的问题是：Wie halten Sie für Chinesisch-Unterricht an deutscher Schule? Wie kann man vernünftig die Probleme lösen? Haben Sie entsprechende Ratschläge?汉语写作与百科知识：名次解释，广外真是出其不意攻其不备啊！居然没给材料，直接一个个名词摆在那让你解释....3D打印破窗效应太阳风供给侧改革中等收入陷阱云计算自闭症有罪推定举证责任碳九进博会莱克星顿的枪声薛定谔的猫虫洞七月流火程门立雪核裂变到岸价格唐宁街10号美国中央情报局悉尼歌剧院乔姆斯基实证主义尼安德特人蛟龙号房地产市场公文写作给了一篇材料，一两百字吧。
[2019初试真题回忆]
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[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年广东外语外贸大学二外德语真题回忆
作文题目是2018年已经快要过去了，你在这一年发生了哪些事，这些事是怎么发生的，对于未来的一年你有什么计划，写一篇超过120的文章，给首字母填空的我只有2.3个有把握，这里就丢了7.8分了，我觉得能上60就大吉大利了，这里推荐一本书《德语水平考试》.超级有用，既增加词汇，又巩固语法，建议在看完三本大学德语课文后用来提高，这本书真的超级好，我研友做了20章，她说她目标是80分，可惜我是最后7.8天做了9章的，后悔莫及，这本书比《大学德语四级模拟真题》还好，一开始错很多，应该40个选择题只能对10来个，但是不要紧，你可以直接看答案，遇到不懂的把词汇和知识点摘抄，因为这本书是唯一解释很明白的，《大学德语四级模拟》，解析没有很多，不太好。
我花了很多时间在德语上，可是这次能60分就大吉大利了，可能真是脑子问题，还有就是选书选错了，二外德语的经验贴比较少，希望让以后的人多一点真题的信息，翻译一时忘了[额..]，不过不难，阅读也不难，选择题应该练了《德语水平考试》，也还好，就是给首字母填空那个填不出啊。
[2019初试真题回忆]
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[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年广东外语外贸大学外国及应用语言学二外俄语真题回忆因为自己准备考研得益于学长学姐们的经验贴，所以想着分享点自己的经验，造福一下学弟学妹们英语水平:cloze，30个，每个1分，这类资料比较少，建议练英译现代散文选，也可以适当练一下专四的cloze真题，另外就是广外真题改错，20个，每个2分，建议练练专八，冲击波，记得要注重积累，改错考的不只是语法，还有长难句，对文章的把握度，词义辨析，20个，每个两分，建议背《gre形近词》，因为考试的形式和gre形近词内容很像，但光背词汇还是不够的，还要掌握每个词汇的名词、形容词、动词的形式，因为考试不仅要选对词汇，还要将所选的词汇变形阅读，四篇20个选择题，每个2分，这个就练练专八，看看经济学人，还有一本书特别推荐——《星火英语·2013英语专业8级考试：五大题源报刊阅读100篇》，里面包含各类外刊翻译与写作:这次summary 看了一篇关于矛盾的文章，内容层次还挺分明的。
这一部分建议练新概念4，新概念4中每课后都有summary的练习，记得要买相关的练习答案册哦！这次作文考的是科技对人际关系的影响（400字），作文建议看gre作文这次中译英，有点偏散文；英译中粤港澳大湾区。
虽然准备了大半年的散文翻译，最终却考了时事翻译，但不建议学弟学妹放下张培基，毕竟历年真题考的都是散文翻译。
建议在准备考研时可以准备个三笔，二笔，这样就也练到了各种题材的翻译了。
二外俄语:俄语是我想重点谈谈的，因为自己当初在准备时，找资料和经验贴真的找得好辛苦，因为二外俄语的经验实在太少了。
所以这里谈得仔细点，希望能对二外俄语的学弟学妹们有所帮助。
本次二外俄语，单选40个，0.5分一个。
考的主要是动词搭配，动词完成体与未完成体，数词，形容词长短尾，形容词比较级，从句，名词搭配，文化常识。
翻译考一小段，讲语言的重要性，单词较简单，也有几个看不懂的，但大部分还能看懂的。
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2019年考研广外真题回忆版含翻译真题
政治
选择33个，5个大题。
多选题漏选0分
（肖四押中了几个）
日语
题型：选择，日译汉，汉译日
一共75个选择，包括: 平假10个片假10个语法选择题，阅读4篇（每篇2-5个选择。
我给老爷爷开门，赏花，爸爸工作，不要打击小孩子梦想）
日译汉3个，一段话。
1古屋南北通透2少子化3读报早晨读什么，下班了读什么，原因是
汉译日5个，一句话，课文内容改编。
感受：阅读和日译汉难度大，其他基本n3。
水平考试
题型：close，gap-filling，改错，阅读
close 30个(各种词性，词汇很简单，像because，as，taking，an，other，should，by，of，with，balance，that，making，variety，played，same等）
a variety of 空了variety，played an 。
role空了played，，taking measures空了taking)
内容是languages dying
gap-filling 20个一组词中可能词性不同，要变形
改错20个(注意要求符号删除是斜线还是横线，注意看给的例子) 内容是evolution
阅读4篇x5
A篇独立生活
B篇men and women 的job importance
C篇urban population
D篇id，ego，super-ego
个人感觉难度跟六级差不多
问题是直球，文中大眼一看就能找到。
时间很充足
翻译与写作
题型：summary（40分），作文（60分），英译汉（25分），汉译英（25分）
summary：
内容是conflict相关的，缩写到100词
作文：
how technology affects your interpersonal relationships，400词左右。
（是改革以前的专八作文题型）
英译汉：
If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would
remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we began early enough. I often hear grown up people say “I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so”, and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.
If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately;but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.
If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon, it smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return. Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that
come in contact with it. “Who shuts love out, in turn shall be shut out from love.”
汉译英：
粤港澳大湾区建设对国际投资者而言也是难得的新机遇。
大湾区打造“一带一路”海陆空综合物流交通枢纽，需要打通基础设施，升级航运物流；建设国际科技创新中心，需要吸引和对接全球创新资源，推进联合研发；构建具有国际竞争力的现代产业体系，需要支持新一代信息技术、生物技术、高端装备制造、新材料、文化创意等产业发展；共建宜居宜业宜游的优质生活圈，需要加大对生态环境、教育、医疗、休闲娱乐等领域投入。
这些都是新经济发展的重要方向，国际投资者参与合作的潜力巨大。