定语从句一

The Attributive Clause(定语从句）

一、概念

1. 在复合句中，修饰某一_____________ 的从句叫作定语从句。

2.定语从句所修饰的词，叫___________，定语从句放在先行词后面。

3.连接先行词与定语从句的词叫_____________

关系代词：___________________________________

关系副词：________________________

4. 关系代词在定语从句中可作：_____________________

关系副词在定语从句中只可作：___________

关系词通常有下列三个作用：

1)引导定语从句2)代替先行词3)在__________中担当一个成分(看先行词可以还原到从句什么位置，如果要加介词才能还原，则为状语，要用关系副词when, where, why)

The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．

主句：___________________________________

定语从句：____________________________

修饰先行词：__________

引导定语从句的关系词：___________

代替先行词：___________

在定语从句中作___________

从句可还原为：My uncle had just bought the car.

1.A spaceman is a person who works and travels in space.

先行词:

关系代词:

代替先行词__________在从句中做_______

2. Space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.

先行词:

关系副词代替先行词a place在从句中做_______

二、关系代词的用法

1.指人且在定语从句中作主语时用who (主格)

A. The woman is a doctor. She lives next door.

The woman_______________________ is a doctor.

B. I know lots of people. They can speak English.

I know lots of people____________________

注意：who 可用that替换，不能省略，但多用who。

a. The boy is very friendly. He sits beside me.

The boy _________________sits beside me is very friendly.

b. Is he the man? He sells eggs.

Is he the man ______________sells eggs?

2.指人且在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语时用whom(宾格) ,可替换her, him, them等。

A. The man is called Smith. I saw him last week.

The man _______________________________ is called Smith.

B. The professor has come. You wish to see him.

The professor___________________________________ has come.

注意：

1、在口语中可用who /that替换whom指人, who, that, whom在从句中作宾语可省略。

2、如果关系代词who/ that/ whom在从句中作介词的宾语，有以下几种情况：

A.如关系代词紧跟介词之后如: to whom / from whom /with whom 介词后只能用whom, 不能用who/that替换, whom不能省略。

The person to whom you talked is Mr .Li

B.如介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后,可用关系代词who / that替换whom且可省略。

The person (who/that/whom) you talked to is Mr Li.

3.指物时用which / that，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。

a. We are planting trees. They don’t need much water.

We are planting trees _________________ don’t need much water.

b. Have you found the keys? You lost them.

Have you found the keys________________ you lost?

4. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

5. whose 是所有格，指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，可替换her ,his, their, its等。

A. We saw some people. Their car had broken down.

We saw some people _________ car had broken down.

We saw some people ______________ had broken down.

We saw some people ______________ had broken down.

B. I’d like a room. Its window looks out over the sea.

I’d like a room ___________ window looks out over the sea.

I’d like a room __________________ looks out over the sea.

I’d like a room __________________ looks out over the sea.

注意：whose代替物，相当于the+ n. +of which或of which+ the+ n.结构；代替人相当于the+ n. +of whom或of whom+ the+ n.结构

Exercises:

用关系代词填空，用括号表示可省略的关系代词：

1.The people ______________ we met at party were from England.

2.Do you know anybody in the class __________ is very good at English?

3.This is the school __________we all want to go to.

4.He pointed to the student about _______ we talked the day before.

5.The stranger ________ Dr Johnson is speaking to is the dead boy’s father.

6.The baby __________________you’re looking afte r is just two months old.

7. Can you pass the book ______ cover is red?

8.A widow is a person ________ husband is dead.

9.Do you know John __________ hand-writing is very good?

★关系代词用法的几点注意事项：

1、关系代词只有在从句中作宾语时才有可能省略。作介词宾语且介词在前时不可省。

2、介词在前时只可用关系代词whom（人）, which（物），且不可省。介词与关系代词一起放在主、从句之间。但为了使关系代词紧跟先行词，也可将介词放在定语从句的谓语动词之后。

3、介词在从句的谓语动词之后时，关系代词who, whom, that, which均可用，且可省略。

4、关系代词who, that, which在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数与其所修饰的先行词必须一致。

5、as 作为关系代词在定语从句中的用法:

as在引导限定性定语从句时, 主要用在“such/so…as” 和“the same…as” 的结构中,代替先行