2010年专八英译汉
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
•
4、句子语法逻辑解析不明。最典型的一句“There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns…” 正常回属关系应是there was interspace of meadows and forest lawns far larger between them。 即是说,“of meadows and forest lawns”是限定 “interspace”的,而“between them”的“them”指的 是前面的“mountains”与“valley”。英语作为一种形合 语言,一句之中,各部分间关系处处有法可依,也有有形 标识可寻,只是这里作者为着句式变化和新奇的修辞效果, 故意倒了一下。但从试卷译文来看,解析不清,理解不正 确的相当普遍。
• 不过群山挺然参天,高于阿尔卑斯峰,
•
and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; • 诸山相距空旷,丰草如茵,林地开阔,错 落其间;树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥看;
普通考生译文:
• 我记得那时一个五月周日的清晨,适逢复活节。 我伫立自家屋前,眼前的景色一览无余,正如平 日一样,但在我脑海里却显得更加庄严和凝重。 山依旧是山,脚下的山谷依旧美丽。眼中的群山 似乎比阿尔皮斯山还要高大,草地和森林之间也 似乎更加开阔。篱笆周围盛开着白玫瑰。整个场 景安静的似乎没有意思生气,只有妞儿静静地躺 在教堂院落的地方。那地方埋葬着我深爱的孩子, 那年夏天黎明时分,他魂归天国,那一切仿佛历 历在目。
•
•
杨自伍,男,1955年生,祖籍安徽怀宁。翻 译家,上海外语教育出版社英语编辑。杨自伍的 主要作品有:《文学批评原理》、《英国散文名 篇欣赏》、《英国文化选本》及《美国文化选本》 (共4册)、《傲慢与偏见续集》,其中《近代文 学批评史》(全八卷修订本)是世纪出版集团国 庆六十周年的献礼书。
•
I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green church-yard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child, whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.
•
此处的一个典型词语的“rose”,语境是 “…the hedges were rich with white roses…”, 95%以上的考生都译作“玫瑰”。极少有认真思 考hedge(树篱)上如何会缀满玫瑰花,这在逻 辑上亦是讲不通。只有极其个别同学翻译成“蔷 薇(花)”。脱离活的语境的生硬取义,显然没 有用好通常为英汉翻译教材第一个技巧的Diction (选词法),当然也难以理解J. R. Firth之所言 “Each word when used in a new context is a new word”。
试题具体选文如下:
• I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.
我想起来了,那是五月间一个星期天的 早晨,那一天是复活节星期日,一大早天 才蒙蒙亮。
2010年专八英译汉原文出自Thomas De Quincey 托马斯· 昆西的名作Confessions of an English 德· Opium Eater 《一个鸦片吸食者的自白》(1821)。 选作考题时个别字句稍有修改。该部分选文亦见于杨自 伍主编《英国文化选本》(华东师范大学出版社,1996 年),该书系英汉对照,译文甚具文采。
•
There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; • 丛山依旧,山麓令人神往的深谷依旧;
•
but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height,
•
2、文体风格偏颇。全语篇以回忆梦境进笔,以缅怀追 思逝往的那个曾经深爱的小孩(一位小姑娘)收束,是痛 定之后的沉郁。其情静澹而深切,其文多彩而沉稳。除相 当的考生译笔苍白,更有考生开篇就来“我觉得今天是五 月的星期天,巧的是……”不知从何而来。有的平添感叹 词“噢”这类的感叹词。也有的译文结尾处冒出“巧的 是”,估计是让“…particularly round about the grave of a child whom I tenderly loved”中的“particularly” 一词给误导。如此的乱解和译文,给作为读者的阅卷老师 的感受,可想而知。
•
•
and particularly round about the grave of a child, whom I had tenderly loved,
好几头围绕着一个小孩的宅兆,我曾对她 一腔柔情,
•
Fra Baidu bibliotek •
just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.
•
托马斯· 昆西 德· 英国著名散文家和批评家,其作华美与瑰奇兼具,激 情与疏缓并蓄,是英国浪漫主义文学中的代表性作品。被 誉为“少有的英语文体大师”,有生之年大部分时间被病 魔纠缠,几乎无时不同踌躇、忧郁和吸毒的惧作斗争。他 的代表作《一个吸食鸦片者的自白》来自作者吸食鸦片后 所产生的狂热梦境。德· 昆西写了很多散文作品,题材涉 及文学、哲学、神学、政治学等领域。作品受到戴维· 赫 伯特· 劳伦斯及弗吉尼亚· 伍尔芙等诸多后世文坛大家的赞 誉。
•
•
I was standing at the door of my own cottage.
•
恍模糊惚之中,我站在自家小屋的门口。
•
Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.
• 那年夏天是在朝阳东升的前一刻,那孩 子死往了,我如同当年那样看着牛群。
• 杨自伍版译文: 我想起来了,那是五月间一个星期天的早晨, 那一天是复活节星期日,一大早天才蒙蒙亮。恍 模糊惚之中,我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的 眼前展现出了那么一番景色,从我那个位置实在 能够一览无余,可是由于梦幻的气力,它显得超 凡出尘,一派肃穆气象,梦里的感觉往往如此。 丛山依旧,山麓令人神往的深谷依旧;不过群山 挺然参天,高于阿尔卑斯峰,诸山相距空旷,丰 草如茵,林地开阔,错落其间;树篱上的白玫瑰 娟娟弥看;远近看不见任何生物,唯有苍翠的教 堂庭院里,牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓 地歇息,好几头围绕着一个小孩的宅兆,我曾对 她一腔柔情,那年夏天是在朝阳东升的前一刻, 那孩子死往了,我如同当年那样看着牛群。
•
3、词语不熟悉。一些考生词汇量很是偏小,一些常见 词汇也熟悉不得。其中既有普通词汇亦有专有名词。普通 词汇如cottage、exalt、solemnize、valley、 interspace、meadow、lawn、hedge、tranquilly、 cattle、repose等;专有名词如Easter、Alpine等。普通 词汇中如cottage一词,据小组统计,有译作“牛棚/羊圈/ 仓库/马车/车库/楼阁/阳台/包厢/车间”等等不一而足; repose一词让构词法给误导,以为pose是照相摆姿势, 于是想当然地将repose推解为“不断变换着姿势”。至 于专有名词,则不仅是词汇量的题目,也是考生文化知识 缺失的题目。
•
and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green church-yard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves,
远近看不见任何生物,唯有苍翠的教堂庭 院里,牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的 墓地歇息,
•
此文语言清新洒脱,描写景物细致入微, 栩栩如生。其中有些句子对学生讲有一定 难度,属英译汉中较难的一篇,要求译者 有一定的文字功底和理解能力才能译出原 文的意境和风格韵味。传达作者的感情。
因此在考生的翻译中,有一下几个问题:
•
1、全文理解偏颇。该文段实际上是描写的一个梦境片断, 除其梦幻般的文辞外,有好几处都有明确标识:“the very scene which could REALLY be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized be the power of DREAMS…the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them…just as I had REALLY seen…”不过也许是选文 文学性太强,难度偏大,几乎少有考生真正读明白。如试 卷密号的译文,不敢认定是梦境描绘,委曲将“the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation”处理作:“我眼正前方的场景就像被梦境占领 了一样”。这样即使整体译文不错,也会失掉一些分数。
恍模糊惚之中,我站在自家小屋的门口。就 在我的眼前展现出了那么一番景色,从我那个位 置实在能够一览无余,可是由于梦幻的气力,它 显得超凡出尘,一派肃穆气象,梦里的感觉往往 如此。
•
•
词语理解应跳脱语境。 “Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation…”该句中,一 些考生将“Right”看作人的名字如“赖特”,或 理解为“右边”等,不知在这倒装句里,该词是 一副词;其次是“lay”,lie(躺, 平放, 展现, 展 开, 位于)的过往式,被硬生生理解为“下蛋”或 “生产”(有同学固然找准基本意思,却机械地 对应为该词最常用义项“躺”);其三是 “command”一词,不少人直接理解为“命令”、 “掌控”等,不善于从语境出发对词义予以引申; 其四是“situation”,好些考生知其引申抽象意 义“情景,情况,形势”等,反而不知其“地点、 位置”的文字本义。