2019年12月四六级翻译预测

2019年12月四六级翻译预测
一、传统文化类话题
1.扇子
在中国，扇子的使用始于数千年前。

扇子是由许多不同的材料制成的。

汉、唐期间，农业有了发展，丝绸和缎面（satin）扇子开始出现，并在文人雅士（scholars and artists）中成为了一种时尚。

他们通过在扇面上书写和绘画来展示自己的才能。

扇子很快获得了非常大的社会意义。

它们成为了有学问的人标准夏季着装的一部分。

中国制作的扇子多种多样。

它们如今依旧享有盛誉。

参考译文：Fans began to be used in China thousands of years ago. They were made out of many different materials. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, due to progress in agriculture, silk and satin fans appeared, and they became a fashion among scholars and artists who showed their genius by writing and painting on the fans. Fans soon acquired considerable social significance. They became a part of the standard summer costume among the learned. A great variety of fans have been produced in China and they still enjoy great reputation today.
2.筷子
筷子（chopsticks）是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具（dining utensils），至今已有数千年的历史。

筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、象牙（ivory）、金属或其他材料制作而成。

它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。

不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。

筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。

参考译文：Chopsticks, with a history of thousands of years, are unique traditional Chinese dining utensils. Chopsticks are usually made of bamboo. Some are made of wood, ivory, metals or other materials. Their upper parts are square and lower parts round, or they are all round with thicker upper parts and thinner lower parts. Whatever their shapes are, they are used in pairs and the pair must be identical to each other. Chopsticks are the necessary dining utensils in Chinese people's daily life, the invention of which fully displays the intelligence of Chinese people.
3.秧歌舞
秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。

秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。

在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。

近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康。

参考译文：Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China. It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and bright costumes with their performance being powerful and swift. During some festivals such as Spring Festival and Lantern
Festival, hearing the sound of drums and gongs, no matter how cold the weather is, people will come to street and appreciate Yangko. In recent years, the old people in the city of east-northern of China take the initiative in organizing teams of Yangko and the members keep healthy by dancing Yangko the whole year.
4.黄梅戏
黄梅戏（Huangmei Opera）源于湖北省黄梅县的采茶歌曲，连同京剧、越剧（Yue Opera）、评剧（Ping Opera）和豫剧（Yu Opera）被称为中国的五大戏曲。

它最初是以一种简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式出现的。

后来，随着饱受洪水灾害的灾民，黄梅戏传到了安徽省安庆市。

它吸收了徽剧和当地歌舞的元素，发展到了今天的形式。

黄梅戏以一种清新的风格反映了普通居民的生活，受到了群众的喜爱。

参考译文：Huangmei Opera was originated from tea picking songs in Huangmei county, Hubei province. It is one of the Five Operas in China together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Opera and Yu Opera. It first appeared as a simple drama of song and dance. Later, it was spread to Anqing city, Anhui province by immigrating victims of floods. Absorbing elements of Anhui Opera and local songs and dances, Huangmei Opera was developed to the present form. It enjoys great popularity among the masses by reflecting the life of ordinary people in a fresh style.
5.景泰蓝
景泰蓝（Cloisonne）是一种古老的装饰金属物品的工艺。

采用这项工艺生产出的物品也可以称为景泰蓝。

装饰效果是这样形成的：首先要通过焊接（solder）或粘贴工艺用银线或金线给金属物件勾边，以将其分隔为几个小块。

这些金银线在成品上依然能看到，它们将瓷釉或镶嵌物（enamel or inlays）的不同部分分隔开来，通常这些瓷釉或镶嵌物会有多种颜色。

这项工艺至今在中国仍然很常见。

参考译文：Cloisonne is an ancient technique for decorating metal objects. The resulting objects can also be called Cloisonne. The decoration is formed by first adding compartments to the metal object by soldering or sticking silver or gold threads placed on their edges. These gold or silver threads remain visible in the finished piece, separating the different compartments of the enamel or inlays, which are often of several colors. The technique remains common in China to the present day.
二、节日及日常活动话题
1.春节
春节是中国最重要，也是最热闹的古老节日之一。

春节象征着团结、兴旺以及对未来寄予新的希望。

据记载，中国人过春节已有四千多年的历史。

中国是个多民族的国家，各民族（nationality）过春节的形式各有不同。

但是无论在中国的哪个地方，人们都会在春节期间全家团圆，吃饺子以及各种丰盛的饭菜。

人们张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。

参考译文：In China, the Spring Festival is one of the most significant and lively ancient festivals, which symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hopes for the future. It is recorded that the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival has lasted for more than 4,000 years. As a multi-ethnic country, different nationalities in China have various ways of celebrating the Spring Festival. However, wherever in China, people will have a family reunion during the festival, eating dumplings and various hearty meals, decorating the houses with lanterns and festoons, setting off fire crackers and blessing each others.
2.端午节
端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。

屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister），他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。

但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。

人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。

几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（rice dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

参考翻译：The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast rice dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by rice dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.
3.腊八节
腊八节（the Laba Festival）在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标志着春节庆祝活动的开始。

“腊”指“腊月（the 12th lunar month）”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的是数字8。

腊八节通常在1 月中旬。

大多数汉族人遵循腊八节喝腊八粥（Laba rice porridge）的习俗。

腊八粥最早在宋朝传入中国。

据史料记载，一些大型寺庙会为穷人提供腊八粥来表达对佛祖（Buddha）的虔诚。

明朝时，腊八粥成为皇帝在此节日赏赐群臣的神圣食物。

参考翻译：Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the last lunar month, marking the beginning of celebrating the Chinese Spring Festival. “La”means the 12th lunar month and “ba”means the number eight. The date usually falls in mid-January. The majority of people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on the Laba Festival. Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty. According to historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show their faith to Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to award their officials on the festival.
4.登山
登山（mountaineering）是指在特定要求下，运动员徒手或使用专门装备，从低海拔地形向高海拔山峰进行攀登的一项体育活动。

与其他运动项目不同，登山运动的竞技性，不是表现为运动员之间的比赛和对抗，而是表现为运动员与自然环境的抗争，是人的生命力
（vitality）之体现。

经常参加登山野营活动对人体有很多好处，如体内多余脂肪的消耗、延缓人体衰老等。

参考翻译：Mountaineering is a sport in which the sportsmen, under specific requirements, climb from low altitude areas to high altitude peaks with the help of specialized equipment or only through their hands. Different from other sport events, the competitiveness of mountaineering lies not in the competition and combat among athletes but the athletes’contend against nature, which is a symbol of human’s vitality. It is of many benefits for people to participate in mountain climbing and camping frequently, such as the consumption of superfluous fat in the body and the delay of human body aging.
5.游泳
游泳运动是男女老幼都喜欢的体育项目之一。

国内外研究一致认为，古代游泳产生于居住在江、河、湖、海一带的古代人。

他们为了生存，必须要在水中捕捉水鸟和鱼类作食物，通过观察和模仿鱼类、青蛙等动物在水中游动的动作，逐渐学会了游泳。

自古至今，无论是为了捕猎、逃避猛兽或是遇上海难（shipwreck）时能够自救，游泳都是一门重要的求生技能之一。

参考翻译：Swimming is one of the sports favored by both male and female, old and young. Domestic and foreign researches have reached consensus that ancient swimming originated from ancient people who lived near rivers, lakes and the seashore. They had to hunt waterfowl and fish as food in the water for survival. Thus, through observing and imitating the movement of fish and frogs in the water, they gradually learnt how to swim. In all ages, swimming is one of the critical survival skills no matter whether it is for hunting, escaping from wild animals, or self rescue in shipwreck.
三、地理景点类话题
1.长城
长城（the Great Wall）又被称作“万里长城”，不仅是中华文明的瑰宝，也是中国古代人民智慧的结晶。

长城是世界文化遗产（world cultural heritage）之一，更是中华民族的象征。

其在建筑上的价值，足以与其在历史和战略上的重要性相媲美。

长城现存的遗址有很多处，其中北京的八达岭长城是驰名中外的景区，也是明代长城最具代表性的一段，每年都会接待来自世界各地的许多游客。

参考翻译：The Great Wall, which is also called “wan li chang cheng”in Chinese language, is not only the treasure of Chinese civilization, but also the masterpiece made by the ancient Chinese people. The Great Wall is not only one of the world cultural heritages, but the symbol of the Chinese nation. Its architectural value is comparable to its historical and strategic importance. Among the numerous remains of the Great Wall, Badaling in Beijing is the most popular destination that has won fame both at home and abroad. It can also be regarded as the most representative section of the Wall ever constructed during the Ming Dynasty. Every year it
attracts many tourists from all over the world.
2.故宫
故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500 年的皇宫。

它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。

故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。

它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。

1987 年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。

参考翻译：The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years. The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape. It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families. In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.
3.岳阳楼
岳阳楼（Yueyang Tower）矗立在湖南省岳阳市洞庭湖岸边，是“江南三大名楼”之一。

自古以来，岳阳楼一直有“岳阳天下搂”之称，与有“洞庭天下水”之称的洞庭湖齐名。

最初岳阳楼主要是军用的，用于指挥海上舰队以及举行阅兵仪式（military review）。

著名的《岳阳楼记》由北宋伟大的作家范仲淹所作，它使岳阳楼声名远播，成为中国南方著名的景点。

岳阳楼的结构在中国古代建筑史上是独一无二的，具有无与伦比的艺术价值。

参考翻译：Standing on the shore of Dongting Lake in Yueyang City of Hunan Province, Yueyang Tower is one of the “three famous towers in the south of the Yangtze River”. Since ancient times, Yueyang Tower has been enjoying the title of “the best tower on this planet”, having equal status with “the best lake on earth”-- Dongting Lake. Originally, Yueyang Tower was mainly for military use as directing marine troops and for military reviews. The well-known On Yueyang Tower by the great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, brought great fame to Yueyang Tower far and wide, making it a well-known scenic spot in South China. The structure of Yueyang Tower is unique in the architectural history of ancient China, holding unparalleled artistic values.
4.黄鹤楼
黄鹤楼（Yellow Crane Tower）位于湖北省武汉市蛇山（Snake Hill），享有“天下江山第一楼”之称。

它是江南最著名的塔楼之一。

由于地理位置优越，孙权将黄鹤楼建成军队瞭望塔（watchtower）。

数百年来，其军事用途逐渐被遗忘，而主要被当做风景如画的景点欣赏。

唐代有许多脍炙人口的诗篇赞美黄鹤楼。

正是这些诗，黄鹤楼才能如此著名，吸引人们前来参观。

参考翻译：Located on Snake Hill in Wuhan, Hubei Province, Yellow Crane Tower is enjoying the fame of "The First Scenery under Heaven". It is one of the most famous towers at the south of the Yangtze River. Due to the ideal location, it was built by Sun Quan, Emperor of Wu, as a watchtower for his army. After hundreds of years, its military function was gradually forgotten and the tower served mainly as a picturesque spot. During the Tang Dynasty, many popular poems were written in praise of the Yellow Crane Tower. It was these poems that made the tower so renowned and attractive for people to visit.
四、科技类话题
1.手机依赖症
手机是我们生活不可或缺的一部分。

手机的便利使得它成为世界上增长最快的技术产品，它从一个80 年代的奢侈品，成为21 世纪的必备品。

但是我们变得依赖手机，甚至觉得，没有手机我们就活不下去。

我们完全沉迷在短信、电话、与那些离我们很远的人的交流中，却忽视了就在我们眼前的人。

许多青少年和年轻人疏远了那些爱他们的人，因为他们忙于创建和维护网络上的友谊。

参考翻译：Cell phones are an integral part of our life today. The convenience of cell phones is what makes them the world’s fastest growing technological device, going from a luxury in the 1980s to a must-have in the 21st century. But we have become dependent on them to the point that we feel that we cannot live without them. We get so addicted to texting, calling and communicating with those who are far away that we neglect the ones who are right in front of us. Many teens and young adults grow distant from those who love them because they are consumed with creating and maintaining cyber friendships.
2.5G 技术
所谓5G 网络，是指第五代移动通信网络，5G 技术是全球新一轮科技和产业革命的关键技术，具备高速率、低延时和大容量等特征。

在2019 年的全国两会上，新闻中心首次实现了5G 信号全覆盖，“部长通道”首次进行了5G+VR 直播，全新的技术加持，进一步丰富了融媒体的报道方式和手段，也为传递两会盛况注入了新的活力与元素。

参考译文：The so-called 5G network refers to the fifth-generation mobile communication network. 5G technology is a key technology in the new round of global scientific and industrial revolution, featuring high speed, low latency and large capacity. At the two sessions in 2019, the press center realized the full coverage of 5G signal for the first time, and the "minister channel" carried out the 5G+VR live broadcast for the first time. With the support of brand-new technology, it further enriched the reporting methods and means of Media Convergence and injected new vitality and elements into the two sessions.
3.高科技/人工智能
过去几年来，计算机科学、人工智能和材料科学上取得了重要进展，再一次燃起创造智
能机器人的希望。

事实上，在制造智能机器人方面，我们取得的进展已经非常有说服力了，以至许多科学家对机器人可能带来的灾难公开表示忧虑。

无论前景充满希望还是危机四伏，人类的探索之路始终都是对智力的挑战。

参考译文：In the past few years, important advances in computer science, artificial intelligence and material science have once again raised hopes of making intelligent robots. In fact, progress toward an intelligent robot has been so convincing that many scientists are worrying publicly about the perils of robots. Whether humans are in a hopeful or precarious place, the journey here has been an intellectual challenge.
4.3D 打印
如今，3D 打印（3D printing）几乎无所不在。

消费者可以从互联网上获得设计方案，然后在家里打印出来。

如果孩子想要新玩具，老人想要下象棋，你想要换一个新杯子，你要做的只是下载几份图纸，然后在自家的打印机上“打”出来。

每一项伟大发明所带来的影响在当时都是很难预测的，如电灯、蒸汽机（steam engine）和印刷术。

同样，我们也很难预测，这项被《经济学人》称为“第三次工业革命”的新技术将如何悄然改变人类生活的世界。

参考译文：Nowadays, the 3D printing can be used almost everywhere. Consumers can acquire the design proposals from the Internet and then print them at home. If the kids want new toys, the parents want to play chess, or you want a new cup, all you have to do is to download some drawings and then “print”them by your printer at home. It is hard to predict every great invention’s influence when it is first invented, such as the electric light, steam engine and printing. Similarly, we can hardly predict how this new technology, acclaimed as “the Third Industrial Revolution”by the Economist, will quietly change the world we live in.
五、社会和经济类话题
1.中国人的阅读习惯
中国是世界上最多产的（prolific）图书生产国之一，但中国人的阅读率偏低。

近几十年来，中国的书籍供应量大大增加，但人们对书籍的兴趣却跟不上其增加的速度。

一项调查显示，去年中国人年平均读书 4.39 本。

这一数据与一些发达国家有很大差距。

例如：美国人年平均读书7 本，法国人8.4 本。

此外，中国人平均每天用在读书上的时间仅约15 分钟。

鉴于此，中国政府正计划通过立法（legislation）推动全民阅读。

参考译文：Chinese people read books at a relatively low rate despite the fact that China is one of the world’s most prolific book producers. While the supply of books has exploded in China in recent decades, Chinese people’s interest in books has not kept up. According to a survey, Chinese people read 4.39 books per capita last year, a figure that is far lower than those of some developed countries. For example, the Americans read 7 books a year on average, and the French 8.4. Moreover, on average, Chinese people allocate just about 15 minutes a day to reading. In view of this, the Chinese government is planning to promote national reading activities through
legislation.
2.中美贸易
就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。

今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。

美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。

与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。

中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。

我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。

主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。

其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。

参考译文：As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples. Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in China stands at $45 billion. Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers. Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000. We predict that trade disputes between China and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend. Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields. Secondly, China has an outstanding labor cost advantage.
3.观光旅游
从20 世纪80 年代初起，以探险和自然观光为主题的旅游活动越来越受欢迎。

伴随着全球环境意识的增强及对多元文化的尊重，生态观光（ecotourism）已经成为旅游业中快速发展的一个组成部分。

度假者可以享受都市里五星级酒店的舒适，可以品味高雅餐厅的宜人，而爬山、徒步旅行则成为另一种诱人的选择。

但是，生态观光并不只是到偏远的（remote）地方旅行，这一概念也强调教育游客去认识当地风土人情和文化遗产。

参考译文Since the early 1980s, tourism centering on adventure and natural sightseeing has become increasingly popular. With the enhancement of global environmental consciousness and increasing respect shown for cultural diversity, ecotourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourist industry. Tourists can stay in an urban five-star hotel enjoying the comfort or sit in an elegant restaurant tasting the delight, but people can also choose to climb mountains and go hiking, which are the attractive alternatives offered to people. But ecotourism means more than just traveling to remote destinations. It also emphasizes educating visitors about local conditions and customs, as well as cultural heritage.
4.中国动画业
中国的电影市场一直在髙速发展，但是动画业（animation industry）却不尽如人意。

去年有33 部动画电影发行，但没有一部票房（box office）喜人。

原因有以下几点：一是投入少。

一部好莱坞动画电影在放映和电影特技上的花费要超过其一半的预算。

但在中国，这些
通常只占10%。

二是故事情节单一。

目前中国很难有超过1 亿票房的动画电影。

内部人士称电影情节无趣是票房过低的罪魁祸首。

此外，薪酬较低，要找一个好编剧（scriptwriter）也很困难。

参考翻译：China’s film market has been developing at a high speed, but China’s animation industry is not to our satisfaction. Last year, 33 animation films were released, none of which did well at the box office. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the low investment. A Hollywood animation film spends more than half of its budget on screening and special effects, which, however, in China, usually accounts for only 10%. Secondly, the tedious plot. Currently, few animation films in China can achieve more than 0.1 billion yuan at the box office. According to the insiders, boring plot is the main reason for low box office. Besides, its hard to find a good scriptwriter with low payment.
六、教育类话题
1.继续教育
继续教育（continuing education）是指给完成学校教育的人员——尤其是成人——提供知识和技能的教育。

继续教育是正规教育的有效补充，是终身学习体系的重要组成部分。

在中国，继续教育包括自学考试、函授教育（correspondent education）、夜间大学和电视大学（open university），有传统的课堂教学和远程学习等多种授课方式。

近年来中国的继续教育体系发展显著，然而，严峻的危机也日益显露，如师资短缺、课程和教学方法落伍。

只有解决这些问题，中国的继续教育才能继续发展，满足社会需要。

参考译文：Continuing education is a kind of education that provides those who have finished school education, adults in particular, with knowledge and skills. As an effective supplement to regular education, continuing education is an important part of the life-long learning system. In China, it includes self-study examination, correspondent education, evening university and open university systems, with various teaching methods, such as traditional classroom lectures and distance learning. Recent years have witnessed the remarkable development of China’s continuing education system; however grim crises have emerged, like scarcity of teaching resources and out-of-date curricula and teaching methods. Only by tackling these problems can continuing education in China develop further and meet the need of the society.
2.在线教育
中国的在线教育已经引起了社会各界的广泛关注。

教育部称，在线教育不仅扩大了教学的时间和空间，激发了学习者的兴趣，还帮助了更多的人从高质量的教育资源中获益，加速教学领域的改革。

考虑到在线教育不受地域限制，高程度标准化和内容再利用的规模经济，这也是企业家和风险投资聚集度最高的领域之一。

和传统教育相比，在线教育有很多优势。

例如，在线教育的收费更加低廉，学生可以重复观看学习老师的教学视频，而且学生还可以自己选择合适的时间来上课学习。

参考译文：China’s online education has drawn all sectors of the community’s wide attention.
The Ministry of Education said online education had not only enlarged the time and space of teaching, aroused learners’interest, but helped more people benefit from high-quality educational resources and accelerated reform in many aspects of teaching. It is also one of the most popular fields where entrepreneurs and venture capitalists flock together on account of the absence of geographic restrictions, a high degree of standardization, and economies of scale from reuse of content. Online education has many advantages compared with traditional education, including cheaper fees, repeated opportunities to review the teachers’instruction and the ability to attend classes when it’s convenient.。