侗族大歌文化

侗族大歌文化

The Culture of Kam Grand Choirs

侗族大歌，是流传在中国侗族地区一种多声部、无指挥、无伴奏、自然和声的民间合唱形式，是侗族文化的优秀代表作。Choirs of Kam Peope is an outstanding masterpiece which spread in the areas of Dong people in China , which gathered the folk choirs form of multi part, having no command ，no accompaniment and natural harmony. 1986年，在法国巴黎金秋艺术节上，侗族大歌被认为是，“清泉般闪光的音乐,掠过故梦边缘的旋律”。In the Golden Autumn Festival Paris, France of 1986,it had been considered ―the music flashed from the clear spring and the melody flies over the edge of past dream‖.2005年侗族大歌被列为国家级第一批非物质文化遗产代表作名录，并作为中国推举世界“人类口头及非物质遗产代表作候选项目”。In 2005,Choirs of Kam was listed as the first batch of national grade nonmaterial culture heritage and was choosen to the world ―human oral and candidate item of nonmaterial heritage representative work‖.2009年，侗族大歌被列入联合国“人类非物质遗产代表名录”，联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府兼委员会评委认为，侗族大歌是“一个民族的声音，一种人类的文化”。The United Nations listed the Choirs of Kam as ― the representive item of human nonmaterial

heritage‖,and was deemed as ― one nation’s voice and one human’s culture‖ by the judges of UNESCO government and

council in 2009.

侗族大歌无论是音律结构、演唱技艺、传承方式和演唱场合均与一般民族歌曲不同，它是一领众和，分高低音多声部谐唱的合唱种类，属于民间支声复调音乐歌曲，这在中外民间音乐中都极为罕见。The Kam Choirs, which no matter the tonality structures, the singing skills, the inheritting manner and the singing places all are different from common national songs and it is a kind of chorus that one person sings leading many other do as so and is divided by high and low pitch，belonging the folk branch sound and polyphony, is rarely seen in the home and abroad.侗族大歌不仅仅是一种音乐艺术形式，对于侗族人民文化及其精神的传承和凝聚都起着非常重大的作用，是侗族文化的直接体现。It is not only a kind of musical art form, but also has a great impact on inheritting and cohesion of the Dong people’s culture and spirit, which is the direct reflection of Dong culture.

一、大歌流行的区域及历史

The Popular Region and History

侗族大歌，是一个特定的歌唱形式的名称，是指侗族民间以歌队

演唱的方式演唱多声部歌谣俗曲的统称。The Choirs of Dong People, a specific name of singing form, refers to a general terms of mult part folk songs and custom music playing within a song term in Dong folks.这种歌唱形式主要流行在侗族南部地区的黎平、从江两县交界被称为“六洞”、“九洞”、“千七”、“千五”、“二千九”、“四脚牛”一带的侗寨，以及榕江县属于“九洞”地区的苗兰、宰荡等少数村寨和广西三江侗族自治县与黎平“四脚牛”结界的榕江河流域的一些寨子。This singing style was most popular in these Dong stockaded villages of the boader Liping and Cong Jiang counties to be called ―Liu Dong‖，“Jiu Dong‖, ―Qian Qi‖, ―Qian Wu‖, ―Er Qianjiu”and ―Si Jiaoniu‖, and what’s more, a few villages of Miao Lan and Zai Dang and so on, belonging to ―Jiu Dong‖of Rong Jiang area, and the boader of other villages of Guang Xi Three Rivers Dong Autonomous county and Rong Jiang river basin of Liping“Si Jiaolou‖.以“六洞、“九洞”最为著名。It was known for ―Liu Dong‖and ―Jiu Dong‖.这一地区正好是侗语南部方言第二土语区的分布区域。Thesa areas are just the south dialect distribution range of the second local dialect. 侗族大歌的流行范围是否与语言特点有关，目前还没有这方面的专门研究报告。Whether there are somethings between the Dong Choirs’ hot area and language feature or not, but for this aspect that it has no special report at the moment.