考研英语阅读理解长难句精选50句1-17句解析

考研英语阅读理解长难句精选50句1-17句解析

1. Television, the most pervasive and persuasive modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.

【结构分析】主句为television is moving into a new era。其中the most...和marked by..为插入语做定语修饰television；an era of是前面的new era的同位语；which引导非限定性定语从句修饰era。

【语法难点】名词短语和分词短语做插入语；逗号后出现名词短语做同位语；which引导非限定性定语从句，此时不能用that。

【词汇知识】pervasive普遍的[易混词]persuasive有说服力的sophistication先进，精致；世故versatility多样化；多功能性promise承诺；预示；给予……希望

【参考译文】电视，这项以迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和我们的世界。2. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.

【结构分析】主句为only recently has literature focused on the role of a father

让步状语从句;only放在句首后接状语引导倒装句，表示强调，主语为literature

【语法难点】although引导让步状语从句，注意此时不能和but连用；only放在句首后接状语引导倒装结构，同理，当表否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，或当if引导的虚拟语气省略if时，以及当表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首时句子的主谓语必须倒装。

【词汇知识】focus on集中[同义词组]center on，concentrate on You must try to focus your mind on work and study.

你应该努力把思想集中在工作的学习上。

【参考译文】虽然关于美国母亲的书不胜枚举，但直到最近才有以父亲这一角色为中心的作品问世。

3. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give

a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life", the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.

【结构分析】全句为并列复合句，第一个it为形式主语，that引导着主语从句；第二个it 是形式主语代替后面的不定式；the time...是expectation of life的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。句子的层次较多，翻译时需要作必要的调整。

【语法难点】并列结构通常由but, and, for, or四个并列连词引导；it做形式主语时一般代替后面的从句和不定式短语等。

【词汇知识】expectation of life预期寿命

exhaust vt. 用尽，耗尽，抽完，使精疲力尽

be exhausted by/with 因而疲劳

【参考译文】可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

4. There is a general support for the argument Democrats are beginning to make that priority should be given to improving the ability of the government to prevent the smuggling of v weapons of mass destruction into the entry and to respond effectively should such an attack occur.

【结构分析】本句为主句there be句型加上三个从句。其中Democrats...为定语从句修饰

argument；that...引导同位语从句说明argument的具体内容；should such an attack occur为虚拟语气，省略了引导词if,并引起句子倒装。另外，to improving 为介词短语修饰priority; to prevent为不定式短语修饰ability。

【语法难点】引导词的省略情况：引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时；引导宾语从句时，that 不表示任何意义时；if引导虚拟语气时，同时该句主谓倒装。

【词汇知识】argument争论，辩论；论据，论点，主张smuggle走私，偷运

entry登录，条目，进入，入口；引申为“入境”

【参考译文】人们普遍支持民主党人开始提出的主张，即政府应当优先考虑提高其预防有人把大规模杀伤性武器走私到国内的能力。同时，假如出现类似的袭击，还应当提高政府作出有效应对的能力。

5. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

【结构分析】句子主干为it becomes important...。it为形式主语代替that从句；if引导条件状语从句做插入语，翻译时一般要将其提到句首。

【语法难点】it做形式主语的结构；从句作为插入语及其翻译方法；there be句型。

【词汇知识】information和advice没有复数形式。

【参考译文】因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个总是显得越来越重要了。

6. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.

【结构分析】此句是由for引导的一个并列复合句;，共有三层含义，但位置比较特殊。其中结果在前，原因在后，让步从句在句中。翻译时必须按照汉语习惯顺序作必要的调整。【语法难点】for引导的并列句；as...as比较结构。

【词汇知识】standby袖手旁观；待机；维持，遵守in case of 如果；万一emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件，非常时刻，紧急事件

【参考译文】尽管警察已接到命令，要做好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。

7. The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

【结构分析】该句主干为The change met...and prevented。that后边引导的是一个定语从句, 做后置定语，修饰the decline in efficiency；介词短语in the second and third generation 做状语修饰spoiled

【语法难点】并列谓语；that引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。

【词汇知识】meet requirement 满足要求[同例]meet one's needs/wants efficiency效率，功效[比较]effective有效的，有生力量

【参考译文】这一变化适应了新时代技术的要求，防止了效率下降，而效率下降已使许多家族公司破产，因为第二、三代继承人已不像公司创立者那样精力充沛。

8. In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the microcosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.

【结构分析】句子的主干为use was made。of arguments from analogy是use的定语。On the