动名词的句法作用

动名词的句法作用

动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种，起名词的作用，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。动名词还可以带有自己的宾语、状语等，构成动名词短语。动名词根据需要有时态和语态的变化。

一．动名词作主语

1. 直接位于句首作主语。例如：

Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

2. 用it 作形式主语，把动名词(短语)置于句末作真正主语。常见句型如下：

1) It’s no use/good/ / useless/ fun /a waste of time 等名词＋v-ing．

2) It’s so nice/ foolish /interesting /worthwhile等形容词＋v-ing.

It’s a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等是浪费时间。

It‘s so nice talking to you. 很高兴和你谈话。

二．动名词作宾语

1．作动词的宾语。某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：

2．作介词的宾语。动名词充当介词的宾语，常用在含有某些介词构成的短语动词之后，这类常见的短语动词有：

prefer…to…, be used to, lead to, contribute to, devote oneself to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to ,be proud of, be fond of , be tired of, dream of, be afraid of, instead of, think of, keep on, insist on, put off, feel like, be good at,

give up, succeed in ,be busy/engaged/occupied (in),spend/waste time (in), have trouble/difficulty/problem/a hard time/fun (in) doing ,stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing等。

例如：Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散步？

The heavy rain prevented me from arriving on time.

三．动名词作表语

动名词作表语表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。四．动名词作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰名词的某种功能、用途。如：

a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台

a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池

Practice

I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given：

1._____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (walk)

2.With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty ______ his house. (find)

3.One learns a language by making mistakes and _____ (correct) them.（2012北

京）

4.She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)

5._______ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to

emergencies. (2013福建)

6.He came to the party without _______. (invite)

7.Lydia doesn’t feel like _____ (study) abroad. Her parents are old.(2011四川)

8.Bill suggested _____ (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo

during the vacation. (2009上海)

9.While sh opping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something

they don’t really need. (persuade)

10.There is no point in ______ ( argue ) with him.

II. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

1. He prefers walking to ride a bus.

2. He apologized to his teacher for having not finished his homework on time.

3. He came into the room without noticing.

4. It’s no use to persuade him to change his mind; he never listens.

5. They insisted on giving another chance to try.

6. She decided to devote herself to study the problem of old age.

7. Eating too much meat and going to bed too late is bad for our health.

8. Shall we have a rest or get down to do our work?

9. To see is believing .

10. We don’t allow people smoking in this room.

III. Fill in the blanks:

Here are some easy steps in 61 (increase) your energy and __62__(give) you a greater level of health and fitness.

Drink a glass of water before each meal . Water helps to fill your stomach at mealtimes so that you will naturally eat smaller meals.

Eat breakfast every day. After a night of __63__ (not eat) ,your body needs some fuel __64___ (start) the day.

Eat _65 _ apple a day. An apple is a quick, healthy snack __66__ fills your stomach and provides healthy nutrients and fiber.

Do exercise.__65___ ( set ) a goal to walk after dinner every night is good, but it is all too easy to __66__ an excuse when the time comes. If you get into the habit of __67_ (do) exercise, you will increase your fitness even on the days when you cannot go for a scheduled walk. One of _ 68_ (easy) ways to do this is to park your car as far from a store 69 your office building entrance as you can .This extra walk through the _70__(park) lot everyday will, over time, increase your fitness level.