(完整word版)兰州大学2007年考博英语试题
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。
keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。
complete a.完全的，完整的。
thorough a.彻底的，完全的。
2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。
3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。
D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。
)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。
4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。
07年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2007年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)2007-6 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A ( point each ) 21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed. A. compelling B. rational C. ridiculous D. ambiguous 22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on 24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D.convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C. dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D. altering 29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted 30. Thousands of people left their rural homesand flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories. A. dashed B. filed C. strolled D. swarmed Section B ( point each) 31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with 32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferior D. lower 33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmony D. honesty 34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle 35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction. A. set about B. run for C. sit through D. make for 36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation 1 37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm. A. accustomed to B. committed to C. applied to D. suited to 38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk. A. expose B. lead C. contribute D. send 40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun. A. tour B. travel C.visit D. trip PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Harvard University’s under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s c urriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization. \research, and science in general are ever more important,\ Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research. Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 \College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean. 41.A. inspecting42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update44. A. trust-worthy45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparingB. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B.As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiraling C. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanning D. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling 2 PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.’? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parksinstead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to fight air pollution in big cities. B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster D. can be more serious than we used to think 53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger 54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________. A. on the left side in the bus B. on the right side in the bus C. in the middle of the bus D. at the back of the bus 3 55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. airpollution on an underground train is less poisonous D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far as possible C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street D. count down for the light to change Passage Two Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost allscientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide. Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as globalwarming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,\57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be ended C. will become worse D. will last for decades 58. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B.subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans’ burning of fossil fuel D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide 59. The word \ 4 A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. worried D. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels. D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth. 61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______. A. a region like Siberia B. a warmer and warmer place C. a tropical region D. a place like North Pole 62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is A. lack of harmony B. violence C. global warming D. climate shiftPassage Three We’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending. Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits. It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenlystopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble. Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need. In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered thatdifferent areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful. If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________. 5。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．We all buy things on the______of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy”.(2007年中国科学院考博试题)A．urgeB．forceC．spurD．rush正确答案：C解析：此题考查的是词语的搭配。
urge项表示“敦促”；force表示“力量，影响力”；spur表示“动力”；rush表示“匆促”。
只有C项有固定用法on the spur of,表示一时冲动，所以答案是C选项。
2．The young nation has not yet attained political ______.A．stabilityB．prosperityC．maturityD．independence正确答案：A解析：stability n.稳定，稳固(如：Nothing is more important than political stability for a country in its economic endeavour．)。
prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣。
maturity n.成熟(阶段)；有经验。
independence n.独立，自主。
3．Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.(2011年四川大学考博试题)A．commonplaceB．standardizedC．competitiveD．generalized正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：commonplace“平凡的，陈腐的，平庸的”；standardized “标准化的”；competitive“竞争的，有竞争力的”；generalized“广泛的，普遍的”。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Nobody knew how he came up with this______ idea about the trip.(2004年清华大学考博试题)A．wearyB．twilightC．unanimousD．weird正确答案：D解析：本句空格处意为“提出这个怪主意”。
weird的意思是“怪异的”，与句意相符。
而“weary疲倦的：twilight模糊的；unanimous意见一致的”都不正确。
2．An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)A．thatB．whichC．whatD．whatever正确答案：C解析：本题也可以用“An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack”来表达。
因此，能代替an accident that的只有what。
3．He thought I was lying, ______ I was telling the truth.A．hithertoB．henceforthC．whereasD．nevertheless正确答案：C解析：whereas conj．(表示对比关系)然而，但是，尽管(如：One arrived promptly，whereas the others were late．Some praise him，whereas others condemn him．)。
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解1.This rock has to be_______in order to build a road.A.blastedB.exploredC.hiredD.maintained2.He did not go to the party last night,which_______her feelings deeply.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injury3.When they returned to the river,they found that the boat had _______away.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.If you need further information,please_______our office.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.During the war,many soldiers were killed not by_______,but by disease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.We watched the ship until it became only a_______in the distance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.The English proverb‘_______the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______was only sentenced to pay a fine of$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.Higher education in China is free but the_______for entrance is strong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.The light is too_______for me to read.I can not stand any more.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.The water_______from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.A.sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported12.In the United States,Congress makes the laws and the President _______them.A.ordersB.conquersC.executesD.hedges13.She is too_______to answer questions in the class.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.We enjoy seeing the glorious_______of the rising sun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.In the_______English reading course,the students have to read a lot.A.extensiveB.mechanicalC.mercuryD.opera16.He gave up his study in college in_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Several people_______the car accident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.They will_______the project with the necessary funds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.I took it for_______that you wouldn’t come here again.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.He was sent to London on a special_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.This light shelf is strong enough to_______all the books here.A.wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain22.The_______Court is the highest court in the United States.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.Our university has an international student exchange_______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________of me the best way to go.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.White tried to_______this job through the influence of his father.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.The police dog finally found the_______of the prisoners of war.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.As the only_______in the small village,he not only fixedthe furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.A.symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.A big crowd gathered around the bus,almost_______the traffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.As far as I see,this book has its own_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.This tree is too_______to be planted in this area.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender31.This product is_______to change without notice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.I don’t know how he can_______himself for such conduct.A.justifyB.locateC.rearD.swear33.The stolen watch has been_______to its owner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.It is_______cold this winter in Xi’an.A.considerablyB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.It has been my_______to meet with this accident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Her smile_______her secret even though she didn’t admit the fact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________that he could finish the job without any help.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.Professor Li_______his success to his mother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.The election_______for the State governor has begun this year.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.Anyone without_______illness can do this simple job.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.Glass may_______at high temperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricity far better than other materials.A.equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.Everyone is encouraged to_______food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.White teeth are a sharp_______to black skin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tom is_______about photography.He spends nearly all his money on it.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazy46.We need help from the other countries.But we do not_______ on others for support.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply47.We will_______the plan because of the cost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Our train is_______at Shanghai at seven o’clock this evening.A.dueB.crystalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Her voice was_______in the noise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.He is very_______in his family and never does anything against his wife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.D17.A18.D19.C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A 30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C 44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2007-6研究生学位英语考题及答案Word版
2007年6月PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He doesn't like classic music．B. He feels sorry to decline the offer.C. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn’t got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage．B. At the restaurant，C. At the supermarket.D. At the office．3. A. Tony doesn’t always listen．B. Tony has hearing problems．C. It’s unusual that Tony missed the interview.D. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable．5. A. A doctor.B. An operator.C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35B. $3.50C. $3.05D.＄30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch．B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared．D. He was not paying attention to the time．8. A. He didn’t attend Professor Smith’s class last time．B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled．C. The woman should pose a more serious question．D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend．9. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman’s coat．C. The woman just had her coat cleaned．D. The woman is not angry with the man．Directions：In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk: there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause. you must choose the best answer from the tour choices given by marking I the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sh eet.‘Mini-Talk One10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at home．B. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college．11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools．B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from home.C. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills．12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor Society.D. A national top competition．Mini-Talk Two13. A. Importance of biodiversityB. Protection of wild species．C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato..15．A. They can. harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support life.B. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls，D. They hardly survive different conditions．Section C (1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16) There are several _____________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to helpget a good night’s sleep:17) 1:_____________________________________________18) 2:_____________________________________________19) 3:_____________________________________________20) 4:_____________________________________________PART II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: there are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence withone word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase, that is closest in meaning to the underlined one:Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed．A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful. co-existence．A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods．A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude，you’ll make a greater effort and also createpositive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches．A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would bebrought under control．A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to livebeside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word。
中科院考博200703英语真题及答案
TIIE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENICE5ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXCAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATES14March 2007PAPER ONEPAPER ONEPART 1 VUCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 4.5 point each)1. Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but ______and more gradually than now seems desirable.A: reluctantlyB: unwittinglyC. impulsivelyD: anxiously2. In fear for their lives and in ______of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War.A. WayB. viewC. visionD. pursuit3. If I could ensue a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the crisis in Iraq, t would not have entitled my speech “the______ problem.”A. InstantB: InverseC. InsolubleD. Intact4. Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to ______ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering.A. confideB. ponderC. wellD: reflect5. We all buy things on the ______ of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse “buy.A: urgeB. forceC. spurD. rush.6. Nothing has ever equaled the ______ and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world.A. concernB. magnitudeC. volumeD. carelessness7. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was ______ called "hot" and later "swing."A. shortlyB. initiallyC. actuallyD. literally8. The depth of benefits of reading varies in ______ the depth of one's one’s experienceA. tempo withB. time withC. place ofD. proportion to9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, hewould never allow his personal feelings to ______ with an assignment.A. interruptB. botherC. interfereD. intervene10. His ______ with computers began six months ago.A. imaginationB. invocationC. observationD. obsession11. I like cats but unfortunately I am ______ to them.A. vulnerableB. allergicC. inclinedD. hostile12. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become______ and are no longer used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obsceneC. obviousD. oblique13. One of the main ways to stay out of trouble with government agents is to keep alaw______ away from those situations wherein you call attention to yourself.A. mannerB. positionC. profileD. station14. With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a ______success.A. provisionalB. sensationalC. sentimentalD. potential15. As the core of the management hoard, he can always come up with ______ ideas to promote the corporation's marketing strategies.A. integralB. instinctiveC. intangibleD. ingeniousl6. They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra ______, or a painter of defective paint.A. in paceB. out of focusC. in stepD. out of tune17. Surely it doesn't matter where charities get their money from: what ______much is what they do with it.A. taunts forB. asks forC. consists ofD. approves ofl8. Any business needs ordinary insurance______ risks such as fire, flood and breakage.A. inB. againstC. raftD. of19. As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the media______.A. to and froB. upside and downC. inside and outD. now and then20. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______, there was little to disprove it.PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration______21, we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths ______22 they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept delayed the______23 of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand, ______24 in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human______ 25 only when we realize the Confucianatmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood Furniture was designed for people to sit______26 in, because that was the only posture approved by society. Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a (n) ______27 on which I would not think of______28 for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra went about______29 on a couch carried by servants, because______30 she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick, as he did______31 one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an______32 posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to______33 themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal______34 , and any sign of putting one's leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of______35.21. A. for B. than C. as D. that22. A. if B. when C. because D. though23. A. rise B. existence C. occurrence D. increase24. A. what B. where C. how D. why25. A. care B. choice C. concern D. comfort26. A. upright B. tight C. fast D. stiff27. A. armchair B. throne C. altar D. couch28. A. moving B. keeping C. remaining D. lasting29. A. traveling B. staying C. wandering D. recliningB. franklyC. accordinglyD. apparently30. A.fortunately31. A. in B. on C. to D. atB. incorrectC. immoralD. imperfect32. A.responsible33. A. hold B. sit C. behave D. conduct34. A.B. situationsC. occasionsD. instancesconditionsC. moralityD. modesty35. A. culture B.confidencePART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Passage OneMost people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face the courts if they handle things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care isorganized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars-more than 10 percent of the U.S. budget-large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the I1 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services. Over than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.Two-thirds of the populations are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill.The medical profession has as a result become America's new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor's surgery is as likely to be about the doctor's latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at several thousand dollars is entirely necessary.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country's health cost climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general.36. In the U.S. patients can effect, in medical ______.A. occasional mistakes by careless doctorsB. a great deal of personal attentionC. low charge by doctors and hospitalsD. stacking nurses and bad services37. Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because ______.A. they fear to be sued by the patientsB. they care much about Their reputationC. they compete for getting more patentsD. they wish to join the private medical system38. What do most Americans think about health in the U.S.?A. It must be in total chaosB. It must be a free competition systemC. It should cover the unemployedD. It should involve private care.39. From Paragraph 3 we know that ______from the public health system.A. millions of jobless people get support.B. those with steady income do not seek help.C. some people are made ineligible to benefit.D. those with private health care are excluded.40. According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US?A. The refusal of insurance companies to pay the billsB. The increase of the number of doctors and hospitalsC. the lack of government control over the medical pricesD. The merger of private health care with the public system.41. It is implied that American doctors often______.A. trade their professionalism for financial benefitsB. fails to recognize the paying power of the patientsC. discuss about how to make money during the surgeryD. gives the patients expensive but needless treatments.Passage twoAlmost every day the media discovers an African community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills. Garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list go on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.But citizens didn't remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.In 1979 landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston. Followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering."We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, government officials Weproved to the world that our planners, policy analysts and movement is alive and well, and growing," says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.42. In Paragraph 1, the word “residents’’ refers to ______in particularA. ethnic groups in the U.SB. the American general publicC. a Africa AmericanD. the U.S. working-class43. More than three decades ago, environments justice was ______.A. controversial，among local activitiesB. First proposed by Martin Luther King Jr.C. fascinating to the civil rights groupsD. barely realized by many environmentalists44. In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis to help the garbage workers ______.A. get relieved of some of their basic dutiesB. know what environmental justice wasC. fight for better working conditionsD. recognize their dangerous surroundings45.. Paragraph 3 implies that, in 1979 ______.A. the environmental justice issues were first brought to court in HoustonB. environmental activists cooperated in defying the US governmentC. the government intervention helped promote environmental justiceD. environmental problems attracted the attention of the government46. the new breed of environmental activists differed from the previous activists in that______.A. they noticed environmental disparities between the rich and the poorB. they cried for government intervention in saving the environmentC. they knew what ‘the environment really meant to the White peopleD. they practiced environmentalism outside as well as within the US47. With respect to getting environmental justice, Summit II aimed for ______.A. showing the achieved successB. attracting national attentionC. identifying relevant issuesD. finding solutions to the problemsPassage ThreeAnyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spent only“tow minutes with“baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler stating to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, manypsychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often in separately tied to their children's success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It's not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities, but they can't before，”says Jacquelyn Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who tried a study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so growing number of educators and psychosis’s do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don't seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids' control, that their intelligence is malleableSome experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into disappearance of drive in some kids. Educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions ‘says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that Glasswork is irrelevant is not true, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run.48. The passage is mainly about ______.A. when in one's life ambition is most neededB. what to do to reform the education systemC. why parents of underachievers are ambitiousD. how to help school children develop their ambition49. According to the passage, most educators believe that many kids ______.A. show a lack of academic ambition at birthB. amaze their parents by acting like adultsC. become less ambitious as they grow upD. get increasingly afraid of failing in school50. Paragraph 1 mentions some parents who would see their kids' failure as______.A. naturalB. trivialC. intolerableD. understandable51. The word "malleable" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. justifiableB. flexibleC. uncountableD. desirable52. Some experts suggest that many kids lose ambition in school because they are______.A. cut off from the outside worldB. exposed to school work onlyC. kept away from class competitionD. labeled as inferior to others53. The last paragraph implies______.A. the effectiveness of Project IFB. the significance of class workC. the importance of walking to runningD. the attainment of different life goalsPassage FourJan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laborites, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers--one every 16 days--dealing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers--which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature-the jig was up. In October 2002 a Bell Labs investigation found that: Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished .Scientific scandals, witch are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of presumption and due reward.In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become to too powerful as arbiters of what science reach to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they're more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist's "Impact Factor," a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the "Impact Factor" as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they're considering supporting.54. The achievements of Jan Hendrik Schon turned out to be______.A. surprisingB. inconceivableC. praiseworthyD. fraudulent55. To find why scientific scandals like Schon's occur, people have begun to raise doubt about the two top journals for_____.A. their academic prestigeB. their importance to career successC. their popularity with scientific circlesD. their reviewing system.56. They according to the passage, what makes Science and Nature powerful?A. They cover the best researches on a variety of subjectsB. They publish controversial papers that others won't.C. They prefer papers on highly specialized research.D. They have a special system of peer-review.57. The expression "the cream of the crop" in Paragraph 3 likely means _____.A. the most of allB. best of allC. the recently releasedD. the widely spread58. Scientists know that by reaching the journalists for Science and Nature they would get a better chance to _____.A. have more of their papers published in the journals in the futureB. have their names appear in many other renown publicationsC. have their research results understood by the general publicD. have their superiors give them monetary award for the publication59. Compared with other journals, Nature and Science would give the authors an extra benefit that their papers _____.A. will be more likely to become influential and be citedB. will be more likely to be free from challenge by peers.C. will be reviewed with greaser care to ensure me authorityD. will reappear in their original in papers like New York Times.Passage FiveThis leaves us with the challenge of finding some politically practicable way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But it is an awkward truth that when most U.S senators were asked informally in 2000 if they would support the Kyoto Protocolshould President George W. Bush send it to the Scant for ratification, the overwhelming majority, Democrats as well as Republicans, said they could not. The reason for the liberals' surprising reply is clear. Many studies, not all by conservatives, suggest that full compliance with the terms of the Kyoto Protocol would likely lead to a deep American recession. For those willing to run this risk, sober reflection on the consequences of the economic collapse of 1929 and the subsequent worldwide depression with all its political and ultimately military consequences is certainly in order.That said, what can be done, in particular by our own country Independent of the issues raised by the Kyoto Protocol, and given the weight of evidence that the problem of global warming is serious fraught with dire consequences, failure to do anything at all and instead to promote "business as usual" downright criminal.Yet the Bush administration has given no more than lip service to the problem, though that could he changing. It is one thing weigh alternatives and implements compromises that reflect the complexity of the problem; it is quite another thing to do nothing, especially if doing nothing is just a way of securing support from certain industries that worsen the problem.There are, after all, things that can he done. Reopening a serious international dialogue, and not just saying a few good words, would be a useful if inadequate start. Not every problem must be solving before -the weight of evidence becomes so compelling that certain initial steps become almost mandatory. We already know how to make more fuel-efficient yet no national policy has surfaced to accomplish this. The scientific and engineering communities are the ones best suited to identify the scientific research that is still needed and the technical projects that show the greatest promise. These issues should be decided by them and not the politicians. Once solutions look promising, as a few already do, industry will be all too ready to romp in, for at that stage there is money to be made. And only a fool would underestimate human ingenuity when given a proper incentive, or the strength of American industry once the boiler is lit under it.60. What can be inferred about the Kyoto Protocol from Paragraph 1?A. It was about environment protection.B. It was supported by most Democrats.C. It was considered awkward by conservationsD. It was officially rejected by most US senators.61. Many studies suggest that full agreement with the Kyoto Protocol would run the risk of _____.A. falling victim to military warfareB. offending other countriesC. re-experiencing the past miseriesD. provoking nationwide anger62. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _____.A. measures should be taken to deal with global warming.B. the best way to deal with global warming is `let it be'.C. seriousness of global warming has been exaggerated.D. promoting "business as usual" must be further stressed.63. The Bush administration _____.A. has assisted in aggravating global warmingB. has taken no measures against global warmingC. has executed compromises about global warmingD. has got big industries' support to stop global warming64. The author suggests all of the following measures EXCEPT_____.A. reopening a serious international dialogueB. overcoming all difficulties before startingC. conducting scientific researches concernedD. doing the most promising technical projects65. In the last paragraph, the expression "once the boiler is lit under it" most probably means "when American industry is_____.A. underminedB. upgradedC. incensedD. stimulated.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)The Bush crowd bristles at the use of the "Q-word"--quagmire(沼泽)---to describe American involvement in Iraq. But with our soldiers fighting and dying with no end in sight, who can deny that Mr. Bush has gotten us into "a situation from which extrication is very difficult," which is a standard definition of quagmire?More than 1,730 American troops have already died in Iraq. _____66 one of six service members, including four women, who were killed .She was a suicide bomber struck their convoy in Falluja last week.With evidence mounting that U.S. troop strength in Iraq was inadequate, Mr. Bush told reporters at the White House, "There are some who feel that the conditions are such that they can attack us there. My answer is, Bring'em on."_____67 A New Jersey Democrat said: "I am shaking my head in disbelief. When I served in the Army in Europe during World War II, I never heard any military commander-let alone the commander in chief-invite enemies to attack U.S. troops."_____68"We've learned that Iraqis are courageous and that they need additional skills," said Mr. Bush in his television address. "And that is why a major part of our mission is to train them so they can do the fighting, and then our troops can come home."Don't hold your breath. _____69Whether one agreed with the launch of this war or not, the troops doing the fighting deserve to be guided by leaders in Washington who are at least minimally competent at waging war. _____70A. It was an immature display of street-corner machismo(男子气概)that appalled people familiar with the agonizing ordeals of combat.。
(完整word版)【优质】兰大考博英语试题.doc
兰州大学 2003 年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section Ⅰ(20%)1.To control intelligence in the attempt to insure only benevolentconsequences would sentence the human race to ignorance, stagnation and decadence, and probably would be impossible.A. deceptionB. declineC. revelationD. disclosure2. During the 1800s and early 1900s the academic disciplines such aschemistry and physics made great headway.A. sacrificeB. progressC. forefrontD. preconceptions3. The purpose of the law is to prevent discrimination on the grounds of.SexA. nationalityB. raceC. genderD. profession4. The governor`s helicopter hovered over the field for a long time beforelanding.A. stayedB. adjustedC. confrontedD. subdued5.The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it wasor even where it came from.A. loudB. frighteningC. generalD. indistinct6.An understanding of the quantum theory is vital in the study ofsolid-state physics.A. helpfulB. aliveC. acquiredD. essential7. No longer is the population of that county as nearly homogeneous as it once was .A. united in political outlookB. uniform throughoutC. inclined toward cooperationD. politically conservative8.It is not possible for people to remember everything that they have thought, felt, or done.A. appreciateB. recallC. repeatD. discuss9. Much to Michael`s surprise, his professional competence and languid manner attracted clients to his law practice.A. showing understandingB. sharp and preciseC. lacking vigorD. positive and unswerving10.Probably the only protection for contemporary man is to discoverhow to use his intelligence in the service of love and kindness.A. modernB. simultaneousC. meditativeD. considering11.But even more scandalous is the treatment the society inflicts on themajority of people during their youth and their maturity.A. imposesB. suffersC. affectsD. brings12. To the astonishment of his colleagues, he appeared to regard hesuggestion as a panacea.A. universally welcome thoughtB. practical solutionC. remedy for all difficultiesD. laughable idea13. The American lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Sovietsexpioded their first atomic bomb.A. businessB. controlC. superiorityD. pribilege14. Migrant worker have difficulty finding steady employment.A. eligibleB. transientC. diligentD. Unmotivated15.The campaign seemed to signal a switch in the paper`s editorialpolicy.A. orientationB. reversalC. adjustmentD. changeover16. A darkened sky in the daytime is usually an indication that a storm isimminent.A .expected to be severe B. close byC. about to take placeD. possibly coming17.During the 1800s, hunters and trappers returned from theYellowstone region with reports of strange natural wonders.A. marvelsB. occurrencesC. thoughtsD. surprises18.Because of harsh weather conditions, more than a dozen states inthe United States wer declared disaster areas in 1977.A. improbableB. bizarreC. moistD. Severe19. The fundamental element of a word is known as its root.A. finalB. basicC. importantD. simple20.Flying may be classified as energy technology, but modern aviationwould be impossible without elaborate electronic communications and controls.A. sophisticatedB. skillfulC. inflamedD. powerful SectionⅡ(20%)21. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, he is likely tosmile and reach out to another infant.A. ifB. wheneverC. whereasD. so that22. When he arrived, he found the aged and the sick at home.A. no other thanB. none other thanC. nothing butD. none but23. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are beingmodified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are challengingB. are to challengeC. may be challengedD. have been challenged24.Man has been profoundly concerned and anxious about his ability tosurvive in the face of his comparative physical weaknessesand the multiple dangers of his environment.A. positivelyB. wiselyC. extremelyD. increasingly25. The new appointment of our president from the verybeginning of next semester.A. takes effectB. takes partC. takes placeD. takes turns26.Lightning is a of electrical current from a cloud to the ground of fromone cloud to another.A. ribbonB. rainbowC. rackD. rush27. It has been revealed that some government leaders theirauthority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. abuseB. employC. takeD. overlook28. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with the opencountryside and homegrown food.A. tiedB. associatedC. boundD. involved\29.Jean doesn`t want to work right away because she thinks that if shea job she probably wouldn`t be able to see her friends veryoften.A. had gotB. has to getC. were to getD. could have got30. They took measures to prevent poisonous gases fromesvaping.A. fruitfulB. effectiveC. beneficialD. valid\31. She was so in her job that she didn`t hear anybodyknocking at the door.A. drawnB. attractedC. absorbedD. concentrated32. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that noamount of money could .A. make up forB. stand up toC. come up withD. put up with33. You will want two tress about ten feet apart, from to suspendyour tent.A. thereB. whereC. whichD. them34. It is recommended that the project until all the preparationshave been made.A. is not to be startedB. is not startedC. will not be startedD. not be started35. He decided to make further improvements on the computer`s designthe light of the requirements of customers.A. onB. inC. forD. with36. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Had it not beenB. Not beingC. Without beingD. Not having been37. We don`t need air conditioning .A. nor can we afford itB. and nor we can afford itC. neither can afford itD. and we can neither afford it38. We to start our own business, but we never had enoughmoney.A. have hopedB. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope39. He made such a contribution to the university that they arenaming one of the new buildings after him.A. generousB. genuineC. minimiumD. modest40. We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any changein plants.A. has informedB. informsC. informedD. informPart Two Translation (40%)Section Ⅰ(From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (20%)What does the phase“Stats Wars”mean? (1) “Stats Wars”is a United States research program designed to determine whether a defense system can be built to block intercontinental ballistic missiles. Its official name is the Strategic Defense Initiative. The long-range goal is the erection of aspace “shield”to destroy enemy warheads after the are launched,while they are in space flight or as they re-enter the atmosphere.Space-based and land-based weapons would include several varieties of X-ray and other lasers; nonexplosive projiectiles called “smart rocks”, and other devices. (2) The weapons would require advanced computers and other technologies to detect the missiles and computers their paths,to ditect intercepting weapons over great distances and to maintain constant communications between the many component parts of the overall system.Where did the idea come from? (3) In March 1983, in a speechproposing that nuclear weapons be made “impotent and obsolete.”President Reagan stepped up the pace of missile-defense research. Hewas urged on by , among others, Dr. Edward Teller, who led developmentof the hydrogen bomb.What is the status of the program? (4) The administration has suggested spending $33 billion on “Star Wars”over six fiscal years, spending would probably rise sharply later. Some preliminary lasers have, in fact, been tested and have hit targets in space; and an anti-satellite weapon, which represent a related element of missile defense, has been fired at and destroyed a satellite.Few of the basic building blocks of a sonce network are now available, (5) and the best estimate are that it will not be before the late 1980`s that an assessmentcan be made as to whether a defense shield would actually work.Section Ⅱ (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the under lined sentences into English. (20%)我为乘客服务（6）有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。
人大考博英语真题整理2007年试题及答案-育明考博
人大考博英语真题整理2007年试题及答案Part I. Vocabulary (20%)Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Markyour choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Tom doesn't think that the_______ situation here is as good as his hometown's.A. economicsB. economicC. economyD. economical2. ___ the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.A. Along withB. AltogetherC. AlthoughD. All along3. The food was divided __ according to the age and size of the child.A. equallyB. individuallyC. sufficientlyD. proportionally4. Our new firm __________ for a credible, aggressive individual with great skillsto fill this position.A. have lookedB. are lookingC. is lookingD. look5. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, __________ their cleanness, toughness and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC. for the sake ofD. as opposed to （PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）6．He ___ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A.. repealedB. resentedC. replayedD. reproached7. Many of the fads of the 1970s __________ as today's latest fashions.A. are being revivedB. is revisedC. are revoked.D. is being reviled8. All of the international delegates attending the conference ______ to bringa souvenir from their own countriesA. has askedB. is askingC. were askedD. was asking9. Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered __________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.A. a severe set-backB. sharp set-backC. s severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up10. If you want to do well on the exam, you _____ on the directions that the professor gives and take exact notes.A. will have concentratedB. have to concentrateC. will be concentratedD. will be concentrating11. What ____ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, creel enough when facing that tragedy.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward12. Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he ________ in the game.A. did not playB. must not playC. not playD. not to play13. According to the latest report, consumer confidence________ a breathtaking15 points last month, to itslowest level in ten yearsA. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated14. Our car trunk ________ with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anythingA. went crammingB. was crammedC. is crammingD. was been crammed15. The secretary didn't know who he was, or she ________ him more politely.A. will be treatingB. would have treatedC. was treatingD. would have been treated16. The instructions on how to use the new machine _______ that nobody seemedto be able to understand.A. were very simplisticB. was very confusedC. were so confusingD. was so simplistic17. John played basketball in college and _________ active ever since.A. have extremely beenB. has been extremelyC. will be extremelyD. should extremely be18. The________ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from all over the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter19. _______ the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.A. Having wrappedB. To wrapC. WrapD. Wrapping20. The advertisement for Super Suds detergent__________ that the sale' has increased by 25% in the first quarterof the year.A. have been so successfulB. had been so successfulC. has been so successfulD. will be so successful21. Tom and Alice___________ having a new car to replace their old one for year's.A. has been dreaming ofB. have been dreaming ofC. has dreamedD. will have dreamed22. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, theair is said to be_______.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated23. ______the heavy pollution, the city official shave decided to cancel school for the day. .A Prior B. By means of C. Due to D. through24. Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress_____ for the occasion.A. has been cleanedB. should have been CleanedC. is being cleanedD. has been cleaning25. Peter’s mother kept telling him that ________ in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.A. playedB. will playC. playingD. been playing26. A knowledge of history _____ us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equipsB. providesC. offersD. satisfies27. He wouldn't even think of wearing clothes____ they make him look so old!A. sameB. despiteC. suchD. in that.28. Mary finally decided ______ all the junk she had kept in the garage.A. get ridB. gotten rid ofC. getting rid ofD. to get rid of29. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out__________.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be tile best routeD. something that to be the best route30. Tom Jones, who _________ around the world, will come to Asia next month.A. will be touringB. have touredC. had been touringD. has been touring31. The paint on the clown's face_________ that it scared the children he was trying to entertain.A. was so exaggerationB. were an exaggerationC. was such an exaggerationD. was exaggerating32. Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and _______ women live about six years longer than men on an average.A. instead ofB. constantlyC. consequentlyD. because33. The ____________ emphasis on exams is by far the worst form of competitionin schools.A. negligentB. EdibleC. FabulousD. disproportionate34. There is _________ conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet.A. so muchB. so manyC. too fewD. a few35. It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _________ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. propheciesB. transactionsC. argumentsD. hindrances36. Not until the 1980s _________ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens37. After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was _______ face his parents.A. too ashamed toB. too embarrassing toC. very ashamed ofD. very embarrassing to38. My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this_______ problems she is having with her dentures.A. won't eliminateB. will be eliminationC. should have been eliminatedD. should help eliminate39. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad __________ when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth never __________ a chrome to practice her Chinese.A. passed byB. passed onC. passed outD. passed upPart II. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. Itis difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb raw ingredients are often mined the kitchen so that: they come to the table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant. If they do go to one: they ate usury full of prejudice against the food. It is a pity, because there are: excellent cooks’ in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then has the bad reputation been built up.Perhaps one reason is that Britain’s Industrial Revolution occurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, the quality of food changed too. This (was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between 1840 and 1.870, and people could no longer grow. Their own food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" the food. The rich middle classes ate long; elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there, were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was more important than its taste.In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher's shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only afterthis had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.41 According to the author, it is difficult to explain_________.A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cookingB. why people do not like English cookingC. why British food often has a natural flavorD. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food42. The negative effect of Britain's Industrial Revolution on English cookingis that___________.A. the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB. people no longer grew their own food on their own farmsC. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the citiesD. Britain was no longer an agricultural country43 As a result of the Industrial Revolution__________.A. more attention was given to the look of the foodB. French became the official language .in English restaurantsC. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French restaurantsD. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive44. The Second World War worsened the problem because___________.A. there was an increasing demand f6r servantsB. there was a lack of raw ingredient supplyC. many women refused to choose meat from butcher's shopsD. French chefs dominated English restaurants45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain ____________.A. when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase fresh meat froma well-stocked butcher'sshop.B. when butter, eggs and cream became availableC. when people started traveling to other cities.D. after the early 1950sPassage 2In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced I sabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did. People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect.Many African Americans, especially from the South, observe this custom, too.A master's thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the timeMany African Americans communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening; they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant difference, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of. Eye 'contact' have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds: in many urban centers, non-Koreancustomers .became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considereda provocation, Sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict. Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resulted, in. a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians' intentions and thefight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Much like the archaic phrase "I demand satisfaction," which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.At the entrances to Universal Studio's "City Walk" attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against "physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring .... "46. Many African Americans from the South _______..A. adopt a typically American open style of communicationB. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC. avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others47. When listening to the others, white communicators tend to________.A. look at the speaker all the timeB. glance at the speaker periodicallyC. look away from the speakerD. stare at the speaker48. Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because_________.A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB. they expect a more enthusiastic recelSfi0n from the shopkeepersC. there are some social conflicts in' many urban centersD. they are not informed about difference between cultures49. Mad-dogging refers to ________.A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic backgroundB. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers50. The archaic phrase, I demand satisfaction_________A. was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB. often led to a fightC. was assign of disrespect:D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretationPassage 3When television is good, nothing not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers- nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. Iinvite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep if your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to Stretch, to enlarge he capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a children's news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding?Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great-traditions of freedom? There are some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day. There are many people in this: great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you Say that, given a choice between aWestern and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. Well know that people .would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfiedif you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not onlyin show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives.It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims you must also serve the nation's needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as theydo at six o'clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you--you owethem something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.51. What the author advises us to do is to__________.A. read a book while watching television programsB. observe a vast wasteland on televisionC. watch all the programs of our television stationD. find out why television is good52. What seems to have offended the author most on television is________.A. violenceB. commercialsC. WesternsD. private eyes53. As far as children are concerned, the author's chief complaint is that __A. cartoons and violence have become trademarksB. there is no children's-news show on televisionC. there is no reading of great literature for childrenD. there are not enough good television programs for children54. According to the author, it is in the public interest to_________.A. broadcast only popular television programsB. cater for the needs-of all the peopleC. broadcast both Westerns and symphoniesD. entertain people only55. It is the obligation of television business to _________.A. cater to the nation's whimsB. provide best programs in prime evening freeC. broadcast news programs, at six in the morningD. serve the nation's needs all the timePassage 4Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting group on the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced their own laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting group in the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night. The only sound came from tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of them sighed and said, " that's ridiculous."Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to human communication. The Internet makes the world global village; that is to say, we can get in touch with each other: swiftly regardless of one's location.However, does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer? I don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made my fellow classmates fall in silence. The CambridgeInternational Dictionary defines "communication" as "various methods of sending information between people and places,” while it defines “communicate”as “to be able to understand each other and have a satisfactory relationship.”Therefore, the booming of IT in modern society is only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understanding between people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to the revolutionary changes, we’re getting farther from each other to some extent.Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expression doesn’t necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. When we waffle with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings. Thus, we don't establish communication with him, because we do not need him to understand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation of form and content.The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and express ourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recent statistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today, Bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and give comments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon the bloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are not always that perfect.Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once you open the Explorer and browse a website,trash information about sex and violence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and Bulletin Board System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer such vulgarity into their personal spaces, andshow it to the public.In the era of the Information Technology, boom, the farthest distance On earth is no longer die polar distance the negative impacts brought about by cyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannot communicate to each other like before, the distance between people's hearts has become the farthest distance on earth.56. The most ridiculous part of the anecdote is that .A. there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole nightB. the only sound cane from tapping the keyboardC. those living in the same room communicated by sending messages via the NetD. they all faced their own laptops57 According to the author, Information Technology .A. brings people closer to each otherB. results/n silence, among her fellow classmatesC. enables us to reach anyone swiftlyD. helps to make the world a global village58. The author believes that the booming of IT in modern society .A. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understanding between peopleB. leads to soul touching communication and understandingC. helps to establish a satisfactory relationshipD. results in further separation between people59. The prosperity of blog does not help us to touch each other because .A. many people abuse their right of free expression on the NetB. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spacesC. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their willD. anyone is able to read blog and give comments60. The author believes that in the era of the Information Technology boom the distance between people's heartshas become the farthest distance on earth because .A. there is always a silenceB. people are not able to communicate to each other like beforeC. the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express ourselvesD. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at willPassage 5According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of, progress" it will take forty-three years to end job discrimination-----hardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity-and it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks.Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists--is black. Crueland uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U.S. context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in thehistory of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eight years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of "white places" actually rose by 49 percent: white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was-up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are makingprogress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.61. The author is for affirmative actionA. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC. because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationD. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.62. It requires ________ to close the gap's between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.A. one black attorney for ever 4000 blacksB. a lot more black engineers and chemistsC. education and economic developmentD. creative justice and compassion63. Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because _______.A. what whims give up is only unfair advantageB. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyC. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselvesD. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today64. William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests_______.A. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC. to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD. to interfere with what whites already have65. What Allan Bakke challenged was __.。
兰州大学2007年考博英语试题
兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)Directions： In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question. Section I1.An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritiousfood from large animal carcasses2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communitiesand highways as well as with urban affairs3.Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass-or soap-making cither would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4.With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditionson Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened5.When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age%the five Great Lakes ofNorth America were formed6.New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows7.During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. subsequentlyC. randomlyD. mercilessly8.Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are Dormant10.The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacentto the fine blood vessels.11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.12.It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.13.The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in1867 was foolish.15.In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the speciesthat prevail in the forests.16.In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.17.Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to 18.Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. nourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonablewears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A.when scientists began to appreciateB.did scientists begin to appreciateC.scientists who were beginning to appreciateD.the appreciation of scientists began22.Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, isabout ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. andD. because25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.26.Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. evolvedD. resulted27.The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a smallpark surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.28.In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29.Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we in society.31.If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.兰州大学2007年考博英语试题A. withB. inC. byD. at32.A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the message .Cmessages D. information33.Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. asbeing more firmly D. as is more firmly34.By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges,____astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.35.When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that‘‘ example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. proverbD. precept37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored,_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black.38.____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40.Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations,_____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus itPart Two TranslationSection I (From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (20%)(1)Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. “ It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which,on analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments.兰州大学2007年考博英语试题(2) Each of these mechanical gameplayers- is said to“ learn” because it is so programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sadexperience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is het magnetized ‘ "mouse” which, when placedin a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and theonly path to the “ cheese. ” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around running into one wall after another. Eventually， by repeated try and error, it will locate the cheese.If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese withouthitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if itstrainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders onlywhere the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions thathave not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones.(4)The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking doneby the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have theability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the basisof its own experience.Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one.The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On theother hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) Atany rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything— not ye t Whether itever will is still an open argumentSectionII (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedsentences into English. (20%)在中国的西北边境，在新疆的天山南北，有一支拥有百万军垦战士，肩负“屯垦戍边”使命的接师，——新疆生产建设兵团。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编33(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．India’s internal structure can never be ______ with Europe’s.A．sameB．similarC．identicalD．equal正确答案：C解析：identical(with)a.同一个：完全相同的(如：That is the identical pen I lost．The fingerprints of no two persons are identical．This copy is identical with the ones you bought last week．)。
same a.相同的，一样的(习惯上与定冠词the连用)。
similar(to)a.相似的，类似的。
equal(to／with)a.相等的，同样的：平等的；胜任的。
2．Louis was asked to ______ the man who stole her purse.A．identifyB．recognizeC．claimD．confirm正确答案：A解析：identify vt．认出，鉴定(身份)；认为……等同于(with)(如：She identified him as her attacker．I cannot identify this signature．Wealth cannot be identified with happiness．)。
recognize vt．认出，识别；承认。
claim vt．声称，主张；说……是自己的，索取。
confirm vt．确定，批准，使巩固，使有效。
3．There was snow everywhere, so that the shape of things was difficult to ______. (2010年四川大学考博试题)A．identifyB．authorizeC．justifyD．rationalize正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：identify“识别，鉴定，认明，认同，感同身受”：authorize“授权给，全权委托，允许，认可，批准”；justify“替……辩护，证明合法”：rationalize“使合理化，使有理化”。
07甘肃卷英语
07甘肃卷英语2007年全国高考第II卷(甘肃)1.stop A.lose B.woman C.shock D.rose2.breathe A.thick B.southern C.mathematics D.method3.ground A.house B.country C.group D.cough4.center A.ocean B.decide C.cause D.socialist5.animal A.ache B.anything C.advance D.anxiousI.语音(5分)II.单选15分6. —We have booked a room for today and tomorrow._______, sir.A. I'm sureB. My pleasureC.It's allright D. I'll check7. _______ felt funny watching myself on TV.A. OneB. ThisC.ItD. That8. _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won therace.A. IfB. SinceC.ThoughD. When9. After two years' research, we now have a _______ better understanding of the disease.A. veryB. farC.fairlyD. quite10. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _______ one.A. better-knownB. well-knownC.best-known D. most-known11. If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.A. he will eitherB. neither will heC.heneither will D. either he will12. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______couldbe heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD. to open andclose13.1 have _______ all my papers but I still can't find my notes.A. looked throughB. looked forC.lookedafter D. looked out14. -I'm sony to have kept you waiting.- _______, Bill.A. You' re welcomeB. Go aheadC.Don'tmention it D. No problem15. — Is there anything wrong. Bob? You look sad.---Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC.would just thinkD. will just be thinking16. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______money these days.A. forB. exceptC.besidesD. with17. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhyC.WhereD. Which18. Why don't you just _______ your own business and leaveme alone?A. makeB. openC.considerD. mind19. - Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?- Sorry, we don' t have _______ Johnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; a C不填; theD. the; 不填20. - Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?- I _______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had toB. didn'tC.wasgoing -to D. wouldn' tIII.完形30分We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. Idecided to 21 a car because we had sold the one we had inEngland before 22 home. Yesterday the sales office rang us tosay the car was 23 I had tried out a model like it before, buta$ I was not yet 24 driving in this city, my wife did not want meto collect it 25 so we went together to 26 it. We paid for thecar and 27 the papers. They told us that there was 28 petrol( ^ifft) to take us to a garage, where we could fill up. The 29garage to the office was about 100 yards away and we got there30 But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot ofcars racing 31 me. I got out of 32 as fast as I could by backinginto the garage 33 and the man behind 34 me."It* s such a problem to 35 to drive on the right side, isn’tit?" my wife said. "Yes, if only I had had a few lessons for 36 ,"I replied. "You had better go 37 on the way home," my wifesaid. "You' d be sorry if you had 38 on the first day, wouldn' tyou?" While we were talking, the man behind got out of his carand said in good English," Would you mind telling me 39 youare thinking of leaving? 40 are you going to sit in your car allday?"IV .阅读理解(40分)Growing up in Philadelphia, Lieberman started cooking with his stay-at-home dad when he was seven. His food-loving family had two kitchens, and he quickly learned what was the best way to bake his cakes. Lieberman improved his kitchen skills greatly during a year abroad before college, learning from a cook in Italy and studying local specialties (A&^T ^F fe^) in Germany, Spain and France. At Yale, he was known for throwing dinner parties, single-handedly frying and baking while mixing drinks for dozens of friends. Just for fun, he and some friends decided to tape a show named Campus Cuisine about his cooking. Lieberman was a real college student showing his classmates how to do things like make drinks out of dining-hall fruit. That helped the show become very popular among the students. They would stop Lieberman after classes to ask for his advice on cooking. Tapes of the show were passed around, with which his name went beyond21. A. borrow B. drive C. buyD. choose 22. A. leaving B. making C. returning D. getting 23. A. right B. ready C. fixedD. sold 24. A. sure of B. satisfied withC. interested inD. used to 25. A. on my own B. right away C. in a hurry D. on the way 26. A. receive B. bring C. order D. fetch 27. A. accepted B. wrote C. signed D. copied 28. A. little B. enough C. much D. no29. A. best B. nearest C. quickest D. cleanest 30. A. lately B. directly C. safely D. slowly 31. A. after B. withC. aroundD. towards 32. A. their way B. the garage C. their sight D. the car 33. A. at last B. once more C. as usual D. as well 34. A. caught B. cheered C. shouted at D. chatted with35. A. prepare B. continue C. choose D. remember 36. A. discussion B. adventure C. experiment D. practice 37. A. carefully B. smoothly C. quickly D. differently 38. A. an error B. a problem C. an accident D. a headache 39. A. when B. why C. how D. what 40.A.ForB.OrC.ButD.Sothe school and finally to the Food Network.Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman' s charisma is key. " Food TV isn' t about food anymore," says Flay. " It' s about your personality (^"ft) and finding a way to keep people* s eyeballs on your show. "But Lieberman isn' 1 putting all his eggs in one basket. After taping the first season of the new show, Lieberman was back in his own small kitchen preparing sandwiches. An airline company (M $'^'Xl) was looking for someone to come up with a tasteful, inexpensive and easy-to-make menu to serve on its flights. Lieberman got the job.41. We can learn from the text that Lieberman' s family _______.A. have relatives in EuropeB. love cooking at homeC. often hold partiesD. own a restaurant42. The Food Network got to know Lieberman _______.A. at one of his partiesB. from his teachersC. through his taped showD. on a television program43. What does the word "charisma" underlined in the text refer to?A. A natural ability to attract others.B. A way to show one's achievement.C. Lieberman' s after-class interest.D. Lieberman' s fine cooking skill.COdiand remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.Thirty years have passed, but Odiand can' t get the memoryout of his mind, nor the woman' a kind reaction ( fsi^L). She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odiand, " It' s OK. It wasn' t your fault. " When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO (^.lHO with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.Odiand isn't the only CEO to have made this discovery. Rather, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It' s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, " I could buy this place and fire you," or "I know the owner and I could have you fired. " Those who say such things have shown more about their character (\!m) than about their wealth and power.The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson' s Unwritten Rules of Management."A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person," Swan-son says. " I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables. "49. What happened after Odiand dropped the ice cream onto the woman' s dress?A. He was fired.B. He was blamed.C. The woman comforted him.D. The woman left the restaurant at once.50. Odiand learned one of his life lessons from ______.A. his experience as a waiterB. the advice given bythe CEOsC. an article in FortuneD. an interesting best-selling book51. According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about _______.A. Fortune 500 companiesB. the Management RulesC. Swanson' s bookD. the Waiter Rule52. From the text we can learn that _______.A. one should be nicer to important peopleB. CEOs often show their power before othersC. one should respect others no matter who they areD. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurantsDIt is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can' t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys' blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys' brains. When the brain' s tempera ture was 10°C, Dr. Whitestopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.53. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _______.A. the time is too short for doctorsB. the patients are often too nervousC. the damage is extremely hard to fixD. the blood-cooling machine might break down54. The brain operation was made possible mainly by _______.A. taking the blood out of the brainB. trying the operation on monkeys firstC. having the blood go through a machineD. lowering the brain' s temperature55. With Dr. White' s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain _______.A. can last as long as 30 minutesB. can keep the brain' s blood warmC. can keep the patient' s brain healthyD. can help monkeys do different jobs56. What is the right order of the steps in the operation?a. send the cooled blood back to the brainb. stop the blood to the brainc. have the blood cooled downd. operate on the brainA. a,b,c,dB. c,a,b,dC. c, b, d, aD. b, c, d, aEMost people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer (f^ft^) begins, how he manages to keep going - in fact, how and where he leams his trade -all are covered in complete darkness. The composer, in short, is a man of mystery (tt%).One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration (^.^) plays in a composer' s work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question. Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all. Music is something that the composer happens to have been born for.The composer, therefore, does not say to himself: "Do I feel inspired?" He says to himself:"Do I feel like working today?" And if he feels like working, he does. It is more or less like saying to himself: "Do I feel sleepy?" If you feel sleepy, you go to sleep. If you don't feel sleepy, you stay up. If the composer doesn' t feel like working, he doesn' t work. It' s as simple as that.57. What would be the best tide for the text?A. Composer: a man of mysteryB. Practice makes good musicC. Relation between sleeping and musicD. Music: product of nature58. The words "covered in complete darkness" underlined in Paragraph I most probably meanA. difficult to be madeB. without any lightC. black in colorD. not known59. Most people seem to think that a composer _______ .A. finds it difficult to write musicB. considers itimportant to have a good restC. should like to talk about inspirationD. never asks himself very simple questions60. The author will most probably agree that composers _______A. are bornwith a gift for musicB. are people full of mysteryC. work late at night for their musicD. know a lot about eating and sleepingV.补全对话(5分)- Mary, do you want to see the pictures of my holiday in Italy?- 81- Ah, it was great I The food was great \ The wine was great! But the traffic was terrible!- 82- Those Italians are crazy drivers! I don' t want to think about it!- OK, OK. 83- Yes, so here' s a picture of the Tower of Pisa.- How nice!- It was raining that day, but it was still wonderful. We climbed to the top!- 84- That' s a photo of the Amo River. That' s the "Ponte Vecchio" , the old bridge.- 85- It was very interesting. There were beautiful old buildings in the city, and lots of wonderful museums.- That* s nice.A. And what' s this?B. Why was it so bad?C. Yes, it was wonderful.D. What was Florence like?E. Let' s return to the good parts.F. Sure, what was your holiday like?G. Well, did you like your hotel there?VI.单词拼写(10分)66. There' s a _____ (留言) from Karen on the phone.66.67. This football game was _______(播出) live on TV across Europe. 67.68. They' re going to _______ (庆祝) their victory with music and dancing. 68.69. The _______ (大多数)of students find it quite hard to learn German. 6970. Very few people _______(成功) in losing weight these days.70.71. The book gives a short _____ (描述) of the city.71.72. The doctor _______ (表扬) our daughter for her courage this morning. 72.73. There were piles of newspapers _______ (到处) in the house.73.74. What is your_______ (最喜爱) color?74.75. The little girl is wearing a _______ (粉红色) dress.75.VII.改错(15分)Dear Grandpa,Thank you for your letter.My school is organizing a basketball team and there' s just a chance which I can join it. I'm little of 76. ______course, but terribly quick and bravely. While the others77. _______are jumping about in the air, I can run under my legs78. _______and get the ball. It will be lots of fun for practicing but79. _______in the playground in the afternoon with the tree80. _______around us all red and yellow and everybody laughing81. _______and shouting. These are the happier girls I' ve ever82. _______seen and I' m the happiest in all!83. _______I meant to write long letter and tell you all the84. _______things I' m doing at school, but the bell was ringing,85. _______so I just have to stop here.Love,JudyVIII.写作(30分)一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写字介绍。
2007医学考博英语统考真题
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversationsA.She is sick.B.She was bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A.To do some experiments.D.He got his tumor removed.4.A.She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B.She felt because she had a headache.C.She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D.She slept off her headache.5.A.His new car is not fast enough.B.His new car moves very fast.C.His new car is a real bargain.ExcitedFrustratedAnnoyedRelieved9.Each class lasts an hour.The class is meeting in an hour and a half.The class meets four hours and a half per week.The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10.C.He sprained his foot.D.He broke his leg.13.A.The vacation is almost gone.B.The vacation has just started.C.They are prepared for the new semester.D.They can’t wait for the new semester.14.A.She was knocked down by a feather.B.She is shamed of Larry.SHEET.Passage One16.A.A pharmacist.B. A visitor.C. A physician.D.A dieter.17.A.Cough.B.Diarrhea.20.A.Take the medicine from the woman.B.G to see a specialist.C.Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D.Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21.A.Headaches.B.Insomnia.C.Respiratory problems.A.The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B.The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C.The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D.The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic.25.A.The diarists who write of their free will.B.The diarists who were students at Staffordshire UniversityC.The diarists who had written about trauma.D.The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches. Passage ThreeB.To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C.To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D.To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29.A.People were better off.B.The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C.There appeared a new cheap drink.D.Drinkers had found various ways to get around the laws.30.A.The licensing hours have been extended.C. abolishD. allocate32. His broken arm healed well, but she died of the pneumonia whichfollowed as a ______.A. complementB. complimentC. complexionD. complication33. Unfortunately, our vacation plans_______on account of transport strikes.A fell back B. fell thoughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The ________climate of Hawaii attracts visitors from all over theA. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliant38.__________to your present job until you can get a better one.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very _____nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleC. elasticD. exceptional40. He saved some money for artistic________such as fine paintings.A. donationsB. profitsA. recognizedB. definedC. appointedD. promoted43. We cannot look down upon our opponent, who is an experienced swimmer.A. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. partner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends to patients without any complaint.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. cares forby lack of funds.A. cancelledB. condensedC. hamperedD. haunted49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must be enthusiastic and magnetic.A. arrogantB. industriousC. zealousD. attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of his dynamic personality, heseems to have unlimited energy.A. meticulousB. vigorousown bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern __52__.Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions. “Family rooms” are popular features in modern houses; these are __53__, “living rooms” since many living rooms have become reserved for entertaining.Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, __54__.Recreational homes are also popular__55___ Canadians. Some Canadians own summer homes, cottages, or camps. These may __56__ from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence. Some cottages are winterized for51. A. spacious B. crowded C. remote D. deserted52. A. convenience B. comfort C. architecture D. taste53. A. in common B. in particular C. in chief D. in fact54. A. either B. as well C. in turn D. instead55. A. to B. in C. with D. for56. A. transform B. convert C. range D. shift57. A. blocks B. halts C. cuts off D. keeps off58. A. become B. come C. get D. grow59. A. stability B. mobility C. reality D.about short-tem improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths. Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern.Some of the students then listened to a Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved, Shaw found. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons.But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North“We’re still at the stage where it needs to be examined.” Shaw says. “I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more we’ll be able to design tests that give a robust effect.”61. It has been recently found out that _________A.Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematicalthinkingB.classical music cannot be expected to improve one’s mathC.the effects of music on health are widely recognizedD.music favors one’s mathematical thinking62. Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicizedB.it was much more complicated than Shaw’sC.the result were statistically significantD.Shaw’s results were not repeatable65. Shaw is critical of _________A.Steele’s results presented at a wrong stageB.Steele’s wrong selection of the testeesC.Steele’s ignorance of neurobiologyD.Steele’s test designPassage TwoLong-suffering couples take heart. There is a good reason for thoselandmarks to find their way. Men use these cues too, but they also use geometric cues, such as the angle and shape of a wall or a corner. Such studies also suggest that men navigate their way out of unfamiliar spaces more quickly, as Riepe found in his study, too.Riepe discovered that both men and women used parts of theparietal cortex towards the top of the brain, the right side of the hippocampus and a few other well-established areas to find their way out. Neuroscientists think that the parietal regions help translate what the eyes see into information about where the body is in space, while the hippocampal region helps progress how objects are arranged.B.from the reality to the virtual –realityC.from the physical cues to the parts of the brainD.from the cues of navigation to the strategies of driving67. The different parts of the brain men and women use to find their wayaround, according to the passage, refer to________A.the left side of the hippocampus and the right frontal cortexB.the right and left side of their hippocampuses respectivelyC.the right and left hemisphere of their brains respectivelyD.the parietal cortex and the hippocampus as a whole68. The part of the brain women use may help explain whyA.How do women and men drive differently?B.How can we detect the brain activities during driving?C.Why do men and women argue over which route to take?D.Why does the damage to the frontal lobe impair the sense ofdirection?Passage ThreeWork has left you frazzled. Your legs ache when you get back from the gym…don’t pop those aspirins just yet. Think hot springs. Cranking up a hot tub and hopping in is a actural remedy that can provide significant relief from physical pain and stress.on your knees and joints which allow the surrounding muscles to relax. This can be of crucial help to arthritis sufferers, because when joints are inflamed, the surrounding muscles become tense to protect them. Relaxing in a spa then makes your muscles more limber and reduces the pain. Water’s healing potential has long been known.We don’t tend to associate intelligence with our bodies, yet as Thomas Edison said, “Great ideas originate in the muscles.”Radical psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich believed that many of us inhibit or deny impulses, feelings, traumas, and stresses by tightening our muscles and creating a kind of “body armor.” He felt that as you cut off the source ofB.The popularity of hot springs.C.The flux of people to mid America.D.The spas as a luxury only for the rich.73. After the stress of exercise, the injured muscles____A.will lead to arthritisB.contain plenty of microscopic tearsC.can cause blood pressure to declineD.will boost the production of cell-repairing nutrients74. The author contends that our creativity______A.can be enforced by the ‘body armor”example, the suggestion that smokers who cannot quit should reduce their exposure to harm by switching to chewing tobacco met with extreme opposition.A still more ferocious debate is emerging over the health impact of sunshine. For the past 20years, advice on sunlight has come fromdermatologists who rightly warn people to cover up when they venture outside for fear of developing skin cancer. But evidence from researchers in other fields now suggests that short periods in the sun without protection—sometimes as little as a few minutes a day---can prevent most other major forms of cancer.the protective effect of sunlight is not yet proved. While this may be true, the evidence is very suggestive. The case is built on several studies that bring together cellular biology, biochemistry and epidemiology.And all the criticism of this theory counts for nothing if, as some of its advocates, suggest, the number of people dying for lack of sunlight isfour times as high as those dying from skin cancer. At the same time, those advocates must not overstate their case. Everyone wants to save as many lives as they can.What we need now is for national medical research bodies and cancer research organizations to investigate the relative risks and benefitsB.is torn between two health messagesC.never trust those health researchersD.are divided over health problems77. The recent opposition goes to __________A.the protective value of sunshineB.the cancer-causing effect of sunshineC.the debate over the health impact of sunshineD.the two controversial messages about skin cancer78. According to the critics, the health impact of sunshine_________A.will be epidemiologically provedD.facilitate the understanding of health messagesPassage FiveI make my way down the three chilly blocks to an old diner on Commercial Street. I am meeting a new friend for lunch. I’ve never been here before: this is not my part of town. And so I arrive early, to sitin an old wooden booth and learn what I can about the place.They call it Katie’s kitchen. One hundred years ago, it was a bar. The barstools remain, but through community donations, it’s now a respectable restaurant. The hostess, casher, and waiters are residents of a nearby hotel for the transient and unemployed and work here to gainSome time later, I finish my soup and sandwich---a good meal made better because of the smile of the girl who served it. I wipe my mouth and go to pay. Eight dollars and sixty-four cents, for two. To our embarrassment, my friend and I discover that neither of us has cash, and my credit card is not good here.We sheepishly approach Sister L, whosmiles and takes my bill. “It’s okay.” she says. “We’ ll buy your lunch. It’ll be our pleasure.”Slowly, I leave the world of the diner. Back at the hospital where I work, my boss laments our financial woes. “We’re really tight,”he says.”The executive committee tells me we may not evenB.has won a reputation for its managementC.performs charities among the immigrantsD.servers such respectable people as doctors82. He happens to know that his new friend________.A.has a great deal of business senseB.is popular wherever he goesC.works as a clinical doctorD.is a respectable person83. What is it that he enjoys most at lunch?A.His associative memoryD.Treat more patients over the phonePassage SixConfronted with patient facing death, physicians may feel a sense of medical impotence and failure. Years of training and zeal to heal have focused on doing anything and everything to save the patient. Death istreated as the enemy. One might ask, “What use can I be if I cannot fix?”One may be tempted to withdraw. There may be no meaningful closure with a patient other than referral to home care or hospice.Feelings evoked by a patient’s dying are also antithetical (对立的)to the original “all” to medicine---the desire to make a difference in people’sprocess can be in itself a potent healing affirmation---a sacramental(圣礼的) gesture received by the dying person who may be feeling helpless, diminished, and fearful that they have little to offer others. The patient may also fear that he or she has failed.How meaningful it is to be told by my physicians that they arelearning from me! I feel honored and joined by my physicians as we participate in these human, vulnerable, and mysterious moments at the end of my life. I and many dying persons would agree that beyond pain control, the three elements we most need are feeling cared about, being respected, and enjoining a sense o f continuity, be it in relationships or in88. According to the passage, the physician’s caring relates to_________.A.the needs of the dying patient treated as a whole personB.the acceptance of medical impotence and failureC.the exploration of all the intervention optionsD.the avoidance of malpractice litigation89. What the dying patient needs most that makes him or her feel honoredis the physician’s__________A.willingness to perform the basic humane actsB.ability to alleviate pain effectivelyC.powerful healing competence手术与害怕外科疾病的治疗，多采用手术的方法。
兰大大学英语试题及答案
兰大大学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ next month.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. operation答案：A2. He is too _______ to understand the truth of the matter.A. youngB. tallC. shortD. old答案：A3. The teacher asked us to _______ the text and then answer the questions.A. read throughB. go throughC. look throughD. get through答案：B4. The company has _______ a new marketing strategy to increase sales.A. carried outB. put forwardC. brought upD. come up with答案：D5. The _______ of the meeting has been changed to next Friday.A. dateB. timeC. placeD. subject答案：A6. She is _______ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential答案：A7. The _______ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.A. completionB. accomplishmentC. achievementD. realization答案：A8. He is always _______ in his work and never makes mistakes.A. carefulB. cautiousC. meticulousD. thorough答案：D9. The book is _______ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite答案：A10. The _______ of the old building has been approved by the city council.A. demolitionB. destructionC. removalD. pulling down答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ (教授) gave us a lecture on the history of the English language.答案：professor2. She has a _______ (天赋) for music and can play the piano very well.答案：talent3. The _______ (会议) was postponed due to the heavy rain.答案：meeting4. He is a _______ (诚实的) person and always tells the truth. 答案：honest5. The _______ (经理) of the company announced the new policy. 答案：manager6. The _______ (孩子) are playing in the park.答案：children7. The _______ (科学家) made a great discovery in the fieldof physics.答案：scientist8. She is a _______ (护士) and works in a hospital.答案：nurse9. The _______ (工程师) designed a new type of bridge.答案：engineer10. The _______ (学生) are studying for their exams.答案：students三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。
2007年考博英语题
2007年考博英语题一、vocabulary and structure1. This book is expected to ____ the best-seller lists.A. promoteB. prevailC. dominateD. exemplify答案：C. dominate2. under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat____.A. towedB. pressedC. tossedD. propelled答案：D. propelled3. Just because I’m _____ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.A. redundantB. superiorC. versatileD. subordinate答案：D. subordinate4. although the colonists ____ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians’ influence on American culture and language was not extensive.A. migratedB. irritatedC. mingledD. melted答案：C. mingled5. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed _____ to him but one day he discovered their different.A.identicalB. verticalC. parallelD. specific答案：A.identical6. Mary became _____ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Australia.A. completelyB. sincerelyC. absolutelyD. increasingly答案：D. increasingly7. although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ____.A. temperamentB. scrutinyC. symmetryD. contamination答案：B. scrutiny8. while a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ____leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.A. a distinctionB. an identificationC. an interpretationD. a breakthrough答案：D. a breakthrough9. each workday, the workers followed the same schemes and rarely _____from this routine.A. disconnectedB. detachedC. deviatedD. distorted答案：C. deviated10. They were _____ in their scientific research not knowing what happen outside their job.A. submergedB. drownedC. dippedD. immersed答案：D. immersed11. Watch the magician and try to_____ how he makes the dove disappear.A. set outB. figure outC. catch onD. work on答案：B. figure out12. poor transport facilities and the lack of resources, raw materials and energy also partly____ the drop in contract fulfillment.A. accounted forB. attributed toC. contribute forD. depended on答案：A. accounted for13. The world’s population is not _____evenly throughout the regions of the world.A. scatteredB. placedC. organizedD. spread答案：A. scattered14. Many students find _____ jobs during their summer holidays.A. contemptibleB. temporaryC. satisfactoryD. counterpart答案：B. temporary15. the Grapes of Warth, a novel about the Depression years of the 1980s, is one of John Steinkeck’s _____books.A. most famousB. the most famousC. are most famousD. and most famous答案：A. most famous16. The human Skehon consists of more than two hundred bones_____ together by tough and relatively irrelastic connective tissues called ligamentsA. are boundB. to bindC. bind themD. bound答案：D. bound17. in the 1850’s H.B,Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin ”became the best shelter of the generation, _____a host of imitators.A. inspiredB. inspired byC. inspiritingD. to inspire答案：C. inspiriting18. I will see to _____ the regulations printed.A. getB. gettingC. haveD. be getting答案：B. getting19. Although most algae are predominantly single-celled, those masked with brown and red pigments ____ multicellular.A. forB. theC. areD. when答案：C. are20. although hazel tree are small, _____ branches are strong and flexible.A. andB. theirC. itD. but their答案：B. their二、Reading comprehension21. it is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.A. high levels of nitrogenB. the components of the soilC. the numbers and kinds of the plantsD. the diversity of the species答案：D. the diversity of the species22. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “bounty” ?A. good harvestB. poor harvestC. boundaryD. drought答案：A. good harvest23. according to Tillman, if the world loses its biological diversity_____.A. bounty and famine will alternateB. sea levels will rise rapidlyC. humanity’s waste products will become lessD. nitrogen in soil will rise above normal答案：A. bounty and famine will alternate24. Tillman implies that compared with the lifestyle of Westerners. Asians_____.A. are more likely to let cattle graze on grasslands.B. pay more attention to their relationship with other organism in this world.C. eat more agricultural products in their everyday life.D. use more natural resources in their everyday life.答案：B. pay more attention to their relationship with other organism in this world.25. The last paragraph mainly argues _____A. the different lifestyle between Westerners and AsiansB. human’s interdependence with other organisms in this worldC. how to keep environment from deteriorationD. how to turn to quality food into high-quality food.答案：C. how to keep environment from deterioration26. People in the 18 th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_____.A. no drive and ambitionB. no electric lightingC. the best sleep habitsD. nothing to do in the evening答案：B. no electric lighting27. according to Dr. David, Americans____.A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC. do not know how to relax themselves properlyD. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep.答案：B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit28. Many Americans believe thatA. sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB. they need more sleep to copy with the complexities of everyday lifeC. to sleep is something once can do at any time of the dayD. enough sleep promotes people’s drive and ambition答案：A. sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy29. the word “subjects” refer to_____A. the performance tests used in study of sleep deficitB. special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC. people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD. the psychological consequences of sleep deficit答案：C. people whose behavior or reactions are being studied30. it can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to ______A. improve one’s memory dramaticallyB. be considered dynamic by other peopleC. maintain one’s daily scheduleD. feel energetic and perform adequately答案：D. feel energetic and perform adequately31.in their speech young people like to ______A. invent words that older people cannot understandB. use words invented by pop starsC. give words new meanings to mislead their parentsD. copy the speech of their contemporaries答案：D. copy the speech of their contemporaries32. words of praise keep changing because______.A. they lose their freshnessB. there are more words available in this areaC. young people are becoming more discriminatingD. older people try to avoid the in-words of the young答案：A. they lose their freshness33.the fact that magic is a frequent source of words of praise suggests the people_____.A. lack linguistic originality.B. have always been interested in magicC. are becoming more superstitiousD. are interested in magic when young答案：B. have always been interested in magic34.the word “rage” probably means “______”A. violent angerB. a stormC. a current fashionD. a burning desire答案：C. a current fashion35. to the author’s granddaughter the word “ripping”_____.A. seems strange and old fashionedB. has a clearer meaning than it does for the authorC. is unacceptable because it is slangD. means much the same as smashing答案：A. seems strange and old fashioned36. From the passage we know that Wooster______.A. is the best model of growing city.B. is the place where the author lives.C. has no change in the past five yearsD. is a developed city with no pollution答案：B. is the place where the author lives.37.it can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. Wooster used to be a quiet and peaceful city surrounded by farmland.B. with many nationwide shopping centers, Wooster lost its uniqueness.C. it is unavoidable to destruct farmland when city grows.D. is a developed city with no pollution答案：C. it is unavoidable to destruct farmland when city grows.38.the author mentioned an oak tree in the 5th paragraph in order to ______.A. blame the planning commission for its wrong decision.B. describe the beauty and naturalness of the cityC. show the residential and commercial growth of the cityD. show the detriment of commercial expansion to plants答案：D. show the detriment of commercial expansion to plants39. it can be concluded from the passage that the author think Wooster’s plumping commission ______.A. should have avoided such a tragedy.B. has tried its best to protect the environmentC. is the cause of environment pollutionD. preserves the hillsides and fields答案：A. should have avoided such a tragedy.40. Which of the following sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. when planning for future developments, effects on the environment should be taken into consideration.B. with a safety growth of pollution, more homes and more work places are needed.C. with immerse technology, population growth and economic flourish, we need to plan for the future.D. planning for future residential and commercial developments has had effects on the environment and the people.答案：A. when planning for future developments, effects on the environment should be taken into consideration.41. Robert Spring was so good as his profession as a forger that _______.A. his bookstore in Philadelphia was an immediate successB. even experts felt difficult to distinguish his products from the originalsC. even famous American liked his productsD. he prospered by selling his forgeries答案：D. he prospered by selling his forgeries42. why didn’t Spring sell his forgeries in America?A. because there was no demand for these thingsB. because America was not his motherlandC. because he would have to take greater risk of being discoveredD. because he would make more money by selling them in foreign countries答案：C. because he would have to take greater risk of being discovered43. according to the passage, Miss Fanny Jack was _____A. a respectable maiden from the southB. a famous general’s only daughter who survived the warC. a poor girl who had to sell her father’s paper to othersD. an imagined person created by Spring答案：D. an imagined person created by Spring44. in order to sell forgeries, Spring used all the methods except______.A. treating paper and ink with chemical.B. photocopying the handwriting of only famous AmericansC. using aged paper taken from old booksD. approaching people who were not experts答案：B. photocopying the handwriting of only famous Americans45. Spring hard work _____.A. failed to earn the well-off life in the endB. satisfied people’s demand for southern manuscriptsC. enabled him to live happily for fifteen yearsD. made it impossible for experts to tell the true from the false autographs答案：D. made it impossible for experts to tell the true from the false autographs46. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because____.A. the definition of maturity has changedB. more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeC. the industrialized society is more developedD. ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance答案：B. more education is provided and laws against child labor are made 47. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to _____.A. certain behavioral changesB. social recognitionC. socio-economic statusD. graduations from schools and colleges答案：D. graduations from schools and colleges48. no one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ____.A. twenty-one years oldB. sixteen years oldC. eleven years oldD. between twelve and twenty-one years old答案：A. twenty-one years old49. starting from 22, _____.A. one will obtain more basic rightsB. one won’t get more rights than when he is 21C. the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveD. one will enjoy more rights granted by society答案：B. one won’t get more rights than when he is 2150. according to the passage, it is true that _____.A. in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed.B. no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC. one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s licenseD. one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join in army.答案：A. in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed.51. the nuclear family is made of ______.A. individuals from several generationsB. husband, wife and childrenC. husband, wife and their parentsD. widowed parents and their children答案：B. husband, wife and children52. The man who suffered from depression is mentioned as an example of _____.A. someone being accepted by family members regardless of how that personrespondsB. someone who is an outcast because of illnessC. there being limits to the amount of help a family will give to a member who fails to return or accept their care.D. someone who is brought into the family activities by a caring family答案：C. there being limits to the amount of help a family will give to a member who fails to return or accept their care.53. according to the passage, widowed parents live together with their children when______.A. they can not take care of themselvesB. they are invited by their childrenC. they are needed as grandparents to take care of the grandchildrenD. they have no other choice答案：D. they have no other choice54. in this short passage the author mainly describes_______.A. what the relations between adults and the immigrant generation are likeB. how old people are treatedC. what conflicts result between young and old if they live togetherD. the family type that existed among Italian-Americans living in Boston-West End.答案：D. the family type that existed among Italian-Americans living in Boston-West End.55. the types of family existing in the West End is ______.A. a nuclear familyB. an extended familyC. an expanded familyD. a working-class family答案：A. a nuclear family三、translation1. with so great a proportion of the young people entering higher education there is a problem of maintaining academic standards, and the process can be painful.答案：随着大量年轻人接受高等教育，确保学术水平的问题也出现了，这个问题是艰巨的。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a______, or there will be no tickets. (2003年上海交通大学考博试题)A．reservationB．punctualityC．complimentD．clarity正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说你得预定。
A项的“reservation预约，预定”符合题意。
2．One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions.(2003年电子科技大学考博试题)A．residentsB．petsC．intimatesD．creatures正确答案：A解析：本题中，inhabitant的意思是“居民”。
四个选项中，residents的意思是“居民”，如：City residents complain that migrant workers have threatened to take already scarge urban jobs．(城市居民抱怨民工威胁着本来已很紧张的城市就业机会。
)pets的意思是“宠物”；intimates的意思是“亲密伙伴”；creatures的意思是“人，动物，傀儡”。
只有A项符合题意。
3．They seized Belgrade, though only after having encountered a stubborn______.A．resistanceB．oppositionC．challengeD．attack正确答案：A解析：resistance(to)n．抵抗，反抗，抵制：抵抗力；阻力．电阻(如：There has been much resistance to the new law．Copper has less resistance to electricity than many other metals．)。
2007医博统考听力题解析原文
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. To do some experiments. B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2. A. In a hotel. B. In the hospital. C. In the prison. D. At the airport.3. A. He got an ulcer in his stomach. B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4. A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy. B. She left because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5. A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6. A. Get more time to relax. B. Take some tranquilizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7. A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He had a hard time getting the institute started.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. Avoid her responsibilities.8. A. Excited. B. Frustrated. C. Annoyed. D. Relieved.9. A. Each class lasts an hour.B. The class is meeting in an hour and a half.C. The class meets four hours and a half per week.D. The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10. A. The woman was a good skier. B. The woman couldn’t ski.C. The woman didn’t intend to go skiing.D. The woman didn’t like Swiss.11. A. She’s an insurance agent. B. She’s an insurance client.C. She’s a bank clerk.D. She’s a driver.12. A. He tripped over some crutches. B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13. A. The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can’t wait for the new semester.14. A. She was knocked down by a feather. B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15. A. To visit his son. B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitor. C. A physician. D. A dieter.17. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea. C. Headache. D. Stomach upset.18. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup. C. Antidiarrheas. D. Indigestion tablets.19. A. The cold weather. B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20. A. Take the medicine from the woman. B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21. A. Headaches. B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22. A. On Monday in Edinburgh. B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23. A. 94. B. 41. C. 130. D. 135.24. A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic.25. A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at Staffordshire University.C. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches.Passage Three26. A. A brief history of British pubs.B. Beer—the British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27. A. As early as 659 AD. B. After 659 AD.C. Before the Roman invasion.D. After the Roman invasion.28. A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns,D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29. A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There appeared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the taws.30. A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.2007全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 由男士的话I have an exam in about twenty minutes可知他正赶去做测验。
2007年社科院博士生入学考试英语真题及答案
2007年社科院博士生入学考试英语真题及答案Section A (10 points)Directions : Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word.1.The public might well sanction a wider range of programming than would strictlybe implied by the ―gap-filling‖ approach, but this is not certain.a. viewb. approvec. coerced. insist2. Petrazzini‘s main concern is not so much cultural homogenization associated with the spread of the Internet, but an exacerbation of the gap between young and old and between spread of the Internet.a. uniformityb. discrepancyc. conventiond. distinction3. The history helps explain the vexing dispute between the European Union and the United States over the greatest threat to privacy yet conceived: the hundreds o f millions of personal dossiers in computerized and networked databases.a. troublesomeb. astonishingc. everlastingd. conflicting4. There were not personal goals, no desire to get ahead or to leave something behind. There were only God‘s decrees to be faithfully carried out.a. ordersb. petitionsc. prophetsd. queries5. Lee Ford and Dan Brooks, a London-based creative and development team, came up with an ―edgy‖V olkswagen spot for a demo: a terrorist tries to detonate a car bomb outside a crowded café.a. igniteb. stainc. impeded. ascribe6. The music indicates the way in which Mozart was developing his ideas in 1773as he attempted to shake off his reputation as a child prodigy and be taken seriously ad a computer.a. bedlamiteb. betrayerc. geniusd. jailor7. Kelly fought depression, her sister struggled against violent tendencies, and their only physical touches they‘d ever known from their parents were abusive.a. cordialb. fastidiousc. sadisticd. absurd8. Browse one of the websites that hosts them, like Y ouTube or Google Vides, and you‘ll see drunken karaoke, babies being born, plane crashes, freakish sports accidents and far, far stranger things.a. elegantb. fraternalc. franticd. bizarre9. There were still a few surprises, as a squeal here and there in the dark announced, but we didlearn to ―see with our feet‖– lessons in trail Braille.a. divergenceb. screamc. gradationd. strand10. He hasn‘t analyzed why he tips so generously, but I think the proclivity stems from his highschool years, when he worked as a busboy.a. predilectionb. prosperityc. premeditationd. preambleSection B (10pionts)Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.11. In a competitive and fast-paced modern society, busy business executives are so _____ theirwork that they hardly know what the word leisure means.a. engrossed inb. exempt fromc. skeptical ofd. extraneous to12. But the depth of novel and the value of its artistic and ideological feature do not depend on the theme ----- either _____ or significant.a. versatileb. trivialc. preliminaryd. alternate13. It is always _____ in some ways, because if it were performed as a primitive fending-off or covering-up action, it would obviously be too transparent.a. scrupulousb. clamorousc. intrinsicd. camouflaged14. She often remains coldly remote from him; probably his badly scarred face produced an involuntary feeling of _____ in his neighbor.a. discordanceb. deliberationc. perversityd. repulsion15. ―For us it is a big and dark secret; to _____ it would be to jeopardize our future,‖ confessed an aviaphobe who is currently undergoing therapy.a. divulgeb. recallc. retaind. duplicate16. The charitable aces of their boss used to be greatly praised by the people. However, ruthless company-downsizing drives and continued layoffs, coupled with rising pay for top managers, have made him look a good deal less _____.a. discourteousb. prudentc. benevolentd. obstinate17. Most of us go through life adding _____ to knowledge, polishing a concept here or there, doing an experiment, contributing a few leaves –or, if we are lucky, a twig –to the tree of knowledge.a. impartiallyb. impassablyc. incrementallyd. melodiously18. The only way he could do it – and by ―it‖ he means achieving the level of fame enjoyed by Martin, who is so famous that his infant daughter, Apple, is better known than the rest of Coldplay combined – is by getting into some kind of trouble, and it could only be infamy, which is of course, _____.a. preposterousb. preludialc. precised. preponderant19. So the most _____ scientist alive at that time who symbolized the height of human intellect adopted what became his last message –this manifesto, which implored governments and the public not to allow our civilization to be destroyed by human folly.a. fastidiousb. eminentc. anonymousd. waggish20. The novel will be read a long time for its minute and almost uncanny insight into army life, its _____ dialogue, its sheer narrative pull, its portrayal of the tenderness that sometimes is found beneath the crudest animal drives, its absence of mock heroics, its comic absurdities and irony and, above all else, its revelation of the perversity of human nature in the face of evil.a. pungentb. notoriousc. anticlimacticd. shakyPART II: GrammarSection A (10 points)Directions: Choose the answer that best gills in the blank.21. The police kept asking me to repeat the story of how I found the scroll, and they kept tellingme that I was changing it and tripping me _____.a. forb. onc. upd. in22. The budget crunch has put extra pressure on nearly everyone at this storied campus ----- besieged administrators _____ to lure minority applicants, students frantically _____ money to cover fee hikes, department heads trying to staunch a faculty brain drain and office staffers worried that a stalemate in Sacramento means no money for the mortgage at home.a. to struggle, to seekb. struggled, soughtc. struggle, seekd. struggling, seeking23. If you‘re a regular reader of blogs, or indeed of any kind of news website, you‘ve probably been frustrated from time to time by information overload: the blogosphere creates _____ material for any human being to comfortably _____.a. too much, digestb. not much, digestc. too little, be digestedd. not much, be digested24. When deposits are federally insured, people no longer rush to withdraw their money it they _____ the financial condition of their bank.a. become concerned aboutb. become concerned withc. become concerned ind. concern25. Over and over in War of the worlds, he evokes the sensation, more familiar from dreams than movies, _____ an other worldly entity, glimpsed from a great distance, _____ suddenly, violently clawing its way into your personal space.a. that, isb. is, thatc. that, beingd. which, being27. Never far from position of influence, wealthier from his broadcasting activities _____ the biggest moguls, he is in many ways on the edge of things.a. than all butb. as all butc. but than alld. but as all28. _____ a rigid, unidirectional mode of demystification which saw all such other modes as subsidiary and peripheral, it began to see all alternatives to its mode of demystification as conspiracies against human good.a. Modern science not only gradually developsb. Not only did modern science gradually developc. Now that modern science gradually developedd. Only did modern science develop29. One theory is that too much vitamin E _____ bleeding risk, which would _____ the risk of a type of stroke, while another theory suggests that at high doses vitamin E stops working like an antioxidant, removing harmful molecules in the body, and instead becomes a pro-oxidant, actually promoting the production of harmful molecules.a. decreases, decreaseb. increases, increasec. decreases, increased. increases, decrease30. Nor, indeed, do all these guardians of tradition have to exert much pressure on the principal players, since the expectations of their social world have long ago been built into their own projections of the future – they want precisely _____ society expects of them.a. that, whichb. thatc. whichd. what thatSection B (10 points)Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. The repetitions that concern Domhoff pertains largely to repetitions within an individual‘sAdream history. But there is a sense in which all dreamers dream each other‘s dreams in the form ofB Cso-called universal dreams, which are the equivalent of literary archetypes.D32. The Nature commentary says scientists working on aging now have to take into account theAprospect that ―drug-related approaches to interfere with this process may come at a price—theB Cdisruption of our natural mechanisms for keeping cancer to bay.‖D33.The work confirms hints that had already been emerging in the scientific literature in recentAyears that p53 and related proteins might play an important role in life, but the new paper is farmore detailed - and, scientists say, more compelling – that anything published previously.B C D34. For all the fretting about outsourcing and trade deficits in the United States, MTV offers aA Bhighly-end case study in how to export what seems, at first glance, to be a uniquely AmericanC Dbrand.35. The trend to empty a library is being driven, academicians and librarians say, by the dwindlingA B C need for undergraduate libraries, many of them were built when leading research libraries wereDreserved for graduate students and faculty.36. Dr. ELBaradei said his hope is that the Nobel Peace Prize will serve to help the internationalAcommunity, and to achieve the goal of developing a functional system of global security that doesnot derive from a nuclear weapons deterrent, would rather based on addressing the securityB C Dconcerns of all people.37. DDT, the most powerful pesticide the world has ever known, exposed nature‘s vulnerability.AUnlike most pesticides, whose effectiveness is limited to destroy one or two types of insects, DDTB Cis capable of killing hundreds of different kinds at once.D38. For it is ―everybody‖, a whole society, which has identified being feminine with caring aboutA B Chow one looks. Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather ……..D39. The research also raises the possibility that younger people treat successfully for cancer with chemotherapy may be subject to premature aging later in life, a possibility that has never been rigorously examined.40. We peer out beyond our world to glimpse objects that lie at the very edge of the universe, stars teetering tantalizingly on the beginning of time. We peer inward to our own genome, swiftly unraveling the puzzle of what tiny bit of chemical code manifests themselves as appearance, tendency, advantage and liability in the marvelous human creature.PART III: Reading comprehension：（30 points）Directions: Answer all the questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1I have observed that the Americans show a less decided taste for general ideas than the French. This is especially true in politics.Although the Americans infuse into their legislation far more general ideas than the English, and although they strive more than the latter to adjust the practice of affairs to theory, no political bodies in the United States have ever shown so much love for general ideas as the constituent Assembly and the Convention in France. At no time has the American people laid hold on ideas of this kind with the passionate energy of the French people in the eighteenth century, or displayed the same blind confidence in the value and absolute truth of any theory.This difference between the Americans and the French originates in several causes, but principally in the following one. The Americans are a democratic people who have always directed public affairs themselves. The French are a democratic people who for a long time could only speculate on the best manner of conducting them. The social condition of the French led them to conceive very general ideas on the subject of government, while their polit ical constitution prevented them from correcting those ideas by experiment and from gradually detecting their insufficiency; whereas in America the two things constantly balance and correct each other.It may seem at first sight that this is very much opposed to what I have said before, that democratic nations derive their love of theory from the very excitement of their active life. A more attentive examination will show that there is nothing contradictory in the proposition.Men living in democratic countries eagerly lay hold of general ideas because they have but little leisure and because these ideas spare them the redouble of studying particulars. This is true, but it is only be understood of those matters while are not the necessary and habitual subjec ts of their thoughts. Mercantile men will take up very eagerly, and without any close scrutiny, all the general ideas on philosophy, politics, science, or the arts which may be presented to them; but for such as relate to commerce, they will not receive them without inquiry or adopt them without reserve. The same thing applies to statesman with regard to general ideas in politics.If, then, there is a subject upon which a democratic people is peculiarly liable to abandon itself, blindly and extravagantly, to general ideas, the best corrective that can be used will be to make that subject a part of their daily practical occupation. They will then be compelled to enter into details, and the details will teach them the weak points of the theory. This remedy mayfrequently be a painful one, but its effect is certain.Thus it happens that the democratic institutions which compel ever citizen to take a practical part in the government moderate that excessive taste for general theories in politics which the principle of equality suggests.Comprehension questions41. According to the writer, what kinds of ideas have been favored by the French people?a. Political ideas that can be adjusted to the practice of government.b. Concrete ideas that they believe to be truthful.c. General ideas in political affairs.d. Eighteenth century ideas.42. Why do the Americans show less enthusiasm for general ideas than the French?a. The French constitution did not allow for experiment.b. In America, the constitution provides checks and balances.c. The social conditions in France led to different ideas.d. The Americans have always been in charge of their own public affairs.43. Some people in democratic countries prefer general ideas because _____.a. in politics it is easier to study general ideasb. general ideas on different subjects are more interestingc. mercantile men prefer general ideas on philosophy, politics, science and the artsd. they do not have time to address details44. What does the writer think would inhibit people‘s preference for general ideas?a. Teaching them the weak points of the theory.b. Encouraging them to take a practical part in democratic institutions.c. Trying to make them abandon those ideas.d. Compelling them to study details.45. The writer‘s conclusion is that _____.a. the principle of equality must be paramountb. general theories in politics should be the most important part of democracyc. citizens should be forced to take part in democratic institutions.d. people‘s taste for general ideas can be diminished through taking part in democraticinstitutions.Passage 2Of the great variety of opinions concerning ―marriage for money‖, the following three are important with reference to the development of the importance of money. Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditions where they do not cause any offence at all. The disparagement of personal dignity that nowadays arises in every marriage that is not based on personal affection –so that a sense of decency requires the concealment of economic motives –does not exist in simpler cultures. The reason for this development is that increasing individualization makes it increasingly contradictory and discreditable to enter into purely individual relationships for other than purely individual reasons.For nowadays the choice of a partner in marriage is no longer determined by social motives (though regard for the offspring may be considered to be such a motive), in so far as society doesnot insist upon the couple‘s equal social status – a condition, however, that provides a great deal of latitude and only rarely leads to conflicts between individual and social interests. In a quite undifferentiated society it may be relatively irrelevant who marries whom, irrelevant not only for the mutual relationship of the couple but also for the offspring. This is because where the constitutions, state of health, temperament, internal and external forms of life and orientations are largely the same within the group, the chance that the children will turn out well depends less upon whether the parents agree and complement each other than it does in highly differentiated society. It therefore seems quite natural and expedient that the choice of the partner should be determined by reasons other than purely individual affection. Y et personal attraction should be decisive in a highly individualized society where a harmonious relationship between two individuals becomes increasingly rare.The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves. Y et we do not possess any other criterion and indication for the advisability of marriage except mutual instinctive attraction. But, happiness is a purely personal matter, decided upon entirely by the couple themselves, and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading –particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts –no matter how much other conditions may affect the final results, it remains true that, with reference to procreation, love is decidedly superior to money as a factor selection. In fact, in this respect, it is the only right and proper thing.Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia –the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities – a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species. In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness –just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong together –and it should be considered as a factor in degeneration to the same extent to which the undoubted differentiation of individuals makes selection by personal attraction more and more important. This case too illustrates once more that the increasing individualization within society renders money increasingly unsuitable as a mediator of purely individual relationships.Comprehension questions46. According to the text, what is said to influence matrimonial compatibility and stability insimpler cultures?a. Personal dignityb. Economic declinec. Monetary considerations d Financial growth47. Marriages motivated by monetary aspirations are more likely not to be camouflaged in whatstrata of society?a. Upper middleb. Middle middlec. Lower middled. Lower lower48. The marriage rate is said to be decreasing because _____.a. we demand too much of our partnersb. partners don‘t give complimentsc. people are too differentiated sociallyd. the economic disparity in many regions is growing49. How is the question of race in relation to marriage similar to the question of money?a. They fuel mutual instinctual attractionb. They inspire individual responsibilitiesc. They deflect superficial relationshipsd. They prohibit suitable marriages50. Panmixia is said to _____.a. aid the selection processb. complement individualizationc. inspire positive resultsd. set up biological declinePassage 3But probably the fullest statement of the doctrine of the rule of law occurs in the work of William Paley, the ―great codifier of thought in an age of codification.‖It deserved quoting at some length: ―The first maxim of a free state,‖ he writes, ―is, that the laws be made by one set of men, and administered by another; in other words, that the legislative and the judicial character be kept separate. When these offices are unified in the same person or assembly, particular laws are made for particular cases, springing often times from partial motives, and directed to private ends: whilst they are kept separate, general laws are made by one body of men, w ithout foreseeing whom they may affect; and, when made, must be applied by the other, let them affect whom they will… When the parties and interests to be affected by the laws were known, the inclination of the law makers would inevitably attach to one side or the other; and where there were neither any fixed rules to regulate their determinations, nor any superior power to control their proceedings, these inclinations would interfere with the integrity of public justice. The consequence of which must be, that the subjects of such a constitution would live either without constant laws, that is, without any known pre-established rules of adjudication whatever; or under laws made for particular persons, and partaking of the contradictions and iniquity of the motives to which they owed their origin.―Which dangers, by the division of the legislative and judicial functions, are in this country effectually provided against. Parliament knows not the individuals upon whom its acts will operate; it has no case or parties before it; no private designs to serve: consequently, its resolutions will be suggested by the considerations of universal effects and tendencies, which always produce impartial and commonly advantageous regulations.‖With the end of the eighteenth century, England‘s major contributions to the development of the principles of freedom came to a close. Though Macaulay did once more for the nineteenth century what Hume had done for the eighteenth, and though the Whig intelligentsia of the Edinburgh to think of liberty in classical terms, there was little further development. The new liberalism that gradually displaced Whiggism came more and more under the influence of the rationalist tendencies of the philosophical radicals and the French tradition. Bentham and his Utilitarians did much to destroy the beliefs that English had in part preserved from the Middle Ages, by their scornful treatment of most of what until then had been the most admired features of the British constitution. And they introduced into Britain what had so far been entirely absent – the desire to remark the whole of her law and institutions on rational principles.The lack of understanding of the traditional principles of English liberty on the part of the men guided by the ideals of the French Revolution is clearly illustrated by one of the early apostles of that revolution in England, Dr. Richard Price. As early as 1778 he argued: ―Liberty is too imperfectly defined when it is said to be ‗a Government of LA WS and not by MEN.‘ If the laws are made by one man, or a junto of men in a state, and not by common CONSENT, a government by them is not different from slavery.‖ Eight years later he was able to display a commendatory letter from Turgot: ―How comes it that you are almost the first of the writers of your country, who has given a just idea of liberty, and shown the falsity of the notion so frequently repeated by almost all Republican Writers, ‗that liberty consists in being subject only to the laws?‘‖ From then onward, the essentially French concept of political liberty was indeed progressively to displace the English ideal of individual liberty, until it could be said that ―in Great Britain, which, little more than a century ago, repudiated the ideas on which the French Revolution was based, and led the resistance to Napoleon, those ideas have triumphed.‖ Though in Britain most of the achievements of the seventeenth century were preserved beyond the nineteenth, we must look elsewhere for the further development of the ideals underlying them.Comprehension Questions51. Concerning William Paley‘s main vision of the rule of law, which of the following is Not true?a. The purpose of and independent counsel is to eliminate potential conflicts of interests.b. Paley‘s political strategy illustrates the concept of checks and balances.c. The absence of separation of powers would inevitably result in injustice and inequity.d. The rule of law and the separation of powers could be deemed unconstitutional princ iples.52. According to Paley, what would happen to a person living in a country where the judiciary andlegislative powers are n‘t kept separate?a. The inviolability of the legal apparatus would be guaranteed.b. Laws could be manipulated to serve particular interests.c. Lawmakers would have to mitigate conflicts of interest.d. Lawmakers would have adjudication powers.53. Complete the following sentence: ―The Whig intelligentsia _____.‖a. supported traditional tendenciesb. supported reformist tendenciesc. supported Manichean tendenciesd. supported aesthetical tendencies54. Which of the following best expresses the author‘s opinion of the Utilitarians?a. Unbiased.b. Neutral. C. Critical. d. Sympathetic.55. Which of the following is true?a. The author favors the principles of English freedom as opposed to the ideals of the Frenchrevolution.b. The author favors the principles of the French revolutions as opposed to the principles ofEnglish freedom.c. The author is deeply attached to the status quo between the principles of English freedomand the ideals of the French revolution.d. The author shows that the principle of political alienation in a capitalist society has aneconomic base.Passage 4There are two opinions as to the production of light. Augustine seems to say that Moses could not have fittingly passed over the production of the spiritual creature, and therefore when we read, In the beginning God created heaven and earth, a spiritual nature as yet formless is to be understood by the word heaven, and the formless matter for the corporeal creature by the word earth. And spiritual nature was formed first, as being of higher dignity than corporeal. The forming, therefore, of this spiritual nature is signified by the production of light. That is to say, the light in question is a spiritual light. For a spiritual nature receives its formation by the illumination whereby it is led to adhere to the Word of God.Other writers think that the production of spiritual creatures was purposely omitted by Moses, and give various reasons. Basil says that Moses begins his narrative from the beginning of the time which belongs to sensible things; but that the spiritual or angelic creation is passed over, as having been created beforehand.Chrysostom gives us a reason for the omission that Moses was addressing an ignorant people, to whom material things alone appealed, and whom he was endeavoring to draw away from the worship of idols. It would have been to them a pretext for idolatry if he had spoken to them of natures spiritual in substance and nobler than all corporeal creatures; for they would have paid them divine worship, since they were prone to worship as gods even the sun, moon, and stars, which was forbidden them (Deut. Iv. 9)But scripture also mentioned several kinds of formlessness, in regard to the corporeal creature (Gen. i. 2). One is where we read that the earth was void and empty, and another where it is said that darkness was upon the face of the deep. Now it was necessary, for two reasons, that the infirmity of darkness should be removed first of all by the production of light. In the first place because light is a quality of the first body, as was stated, and thus it was fitting that the world should be first formed according to light. The second reason is because light is a common quality. For light is common to terrestrial and celestial bodies. But just as in knowledge we proceed from general principles, so do we in work of every kind. For the living thing is generated before the animal, and the animal before man, as is shown in De Gener. Anim. It was fitting, then, as an evidence of the divine wisdom, that among the works of distinction the production of light should take first place, since light is a form of the primary body, and because it is a more common quality.Basil, furthermore, adds a third reason: that all other things are made manifest by light. And there is yet a fourth, already touched upon in the objections, namely, that day cannot be unless light exists. It had to be made, therefore, on the first day.Comprehension Questions56. the purpose of this article is to _____.a. discuss the origination of lightb. argue that physical light came firstc. argue that spiritual light came firstd. discuss early religious idol origins57. in this passage, the meaning of corporeal is ______.a. a living thingb. a spiritual thingc. a physical bodyd. a form of light58. What does Chrysostom say is Moses‘s reason for not discussing the spiritual nature of light?a. The people wouldn‘t understand.。
兰大考博英语试题
2001年兰州大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroyB. identifyC. RemoveD. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urbanaffairsA. outlandishB. Remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the systemwas strengthenedA. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. Outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. meltedB. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department storesor rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortuneB. a dimeC. MuchD. quite lot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from onearea and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. SubsequentlyC. RandomlyD. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are dormantA. unchartedB. unpredictableC. MinorD. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent ofB. nearC. obscured byD. within11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. criticalB. unusualC. PersistentD. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at leastas many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospectB. StagesC. AspectD. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A. requiringB. sendingC. buyingD. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16.In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at somedistance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. Protruding C. Provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. NourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonable20.How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of twohundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appreciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper orbismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____by a woman, Judge SarahTilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. AndD. because25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavilydependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. EvolvedD. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number ofimpressive government buildings.A. located B- secluded C formed D. Spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bredflocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it toact more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we insociety.A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause theonset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC. ByD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the messageC. MessagesD. information33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to theMorrill Act of 1862.A was B. because C. to which D. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thusextend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that ……example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. ProverbD. precept37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _____sometimes they are white,various shades of brown or black.A but that B. though C. however D. therefore38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39.___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, _____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus it。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
兰州大学2007年考博英语试题注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)Directions：In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question.Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroyB. identifyC. removeD. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairsA. outlandishB. remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- orsoap-making cither would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the system was strengthenedA. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. meltedB. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortuneB. a dimeC. muchD. quite lot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. subsequentlyC. randomlyD. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are DormantA. unchartedB. unpredictableC. minorD. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent ofB. nearC. obscured byD. within11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. criticalB. unusualC. persistentD. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospectB. stagesC. aspectD. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A. requiringB. sendingC. buyingD. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16. In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. protruding C. provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. nourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonable20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typicallywears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appreciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness.A. widely used it C. which widely usedB. was widely used D. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.A. was administered C. was accomplishedB. being directedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. andD. because25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. evolvedD. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.A. located B- secluded C formed D. spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we in society.A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC. byD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the messageC. messagesD. information33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.A was B. because C. to which D. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. proverbD. precept37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored,_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black.A but that B. though C. however D. therefore38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations,_____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus itPart Two TranslationSection I (From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedMoore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. “It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments.(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sadexperience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One ofShannon's more fantastic triumphs is t he magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placedin a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and theonly path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly aroundrunning into one wall after another. Eventually，by repeated try and error, it willlocate the cheese.If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese withouthitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, ifits trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blundersonly where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions thathave not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones.(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinkingdone by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does havethe ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on thebasis of its own experience.Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one.The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On theever will is still an open argumentSectionII (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedsentences into English. (20%)在中国的西北边陲，在新疆的天山南北，有一支拥有百万军垦战士，肩负“屯垦戍边”使命的接师，——新疆生产建设兵团。