人教版教材分析必修一

Unit 1 Friendship
重点词汇
1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的vt. (upset, upset)
[典例]
1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。

2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要难过--并没有造成伤害。

3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。

4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。

[重点用法]
be upset by… 被…… 打乱
upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼
[练习] 用upset的适当形式填空
1). Is it ______ you, dear?
2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news.
3). Is it an ______ message?
4). Don’t be ______. It will be OK.
答案: 1). upsetting 2). upset 3). upsetting 4).upset
2. concern v.担忧; 涉及; 关系到n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系
[典例]
1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。

2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。

3). That's no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。

[重点用法]
as / so far as … be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned about 关心
be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与……有关，参与
[练习] 用concern的适当形式填空
1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.
2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health.
3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs.
答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with
3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居，安家；解决
[典例]
1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。

2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。

3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。

[重点用法]
settle down 镇定下来settle in 在…定居
[练习] 中译英
1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。

2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？
答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work.
2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
[典例]
1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗?
2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。

[重点用法]
suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑不适﹑悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:
[练习] 中译英
1).我们在金融危机中损失惨重。

2).他的脚痛得不得了。

答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
2). He suffers terribly with his feet.
5. disagree vt. 不同意
[典例]
1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。

2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。

[重点用法]
disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定] [练习] 中译英1). 罗马的报道与米兰的不符。

2). 他不同意让我早些回家。

Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan.
2). He disagreed to let me go home early.
重点词组
1. add up 加起来
[典例] 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.
把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。

2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?
汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？
[短语归纳]
add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中add up to … 加起来是
[练习] 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空
1). Will you _____ some more students to this project?
2). Small numbers _____ a large one.
3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.
答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added
2. go through 经历；经受
[典例] 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。

2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。

[短语归纳]
go after追求，追赶go ahead前进；请说（做）吧
go by走过，（时间）过去go along with向前，（与……）一起去
go in for爱好，从事go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭
go over越过；复习go up爬上，（价格等）上升
[练习] 用go 构成的词组填空
1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan.
2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy.
3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.
4). I am tired. I want to _____ now.
答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed
3.on purpose 故意，有目的地
[典例]
Th e boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。

[短语归纳]
do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地
[练习]用purpose的相关词汇填空
1). He didn’t do it ______.
2). What was your ____ ?
答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose
4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展
[典例]1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。

2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？
[短语归纳]
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利
get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下
get down to (doing)开始认真干……get over克服，摆脱
get through通过，做完get together聚集
[练习] 中译英
1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好? 2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。

答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues?2). She's got her old job back.
6. in order to… 为了……（可置于句首或句中）
[典例]1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。

2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。

[短语归纳]in order that…以便……（后跟句子）so that…以便……（后跟句子）so as to为了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）
[练习] 中译英
1．他早早动身好按时到达。

2．她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。

答案: 1．He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.
2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.
词语辨析
1. ignore / neglect / overlook
【解释】
ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。

neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。

overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1We could not afford to _________ such a serious offence.
2). He utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident.
3). Don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then.
答案: 1). overlooked 2). ignored 3). neglect
2. cheat / fool
【解释】
cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。

fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. Sh e sees through him every time.
答案: 1). cheated 2). fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
【解释】
calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。

quiet 表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。

指人时侧重性格温和，文静。

silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。

still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo.
2). Why do you keep __________?
3). Everything was ___________.
4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy.
答案: 1). still 2). silent 3). quiet 4). calm
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
【解释】
join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等
join in 表示参加游戏、活动等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事
take part in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等
attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Can I ___________ the game?
2). Did you ____________ the fighting?
3). He __________ the army last year.
4). A lot of people __________ her wedding.
答案: 1). join in 2). take part in 3). joined 4）attended
Unit 2
I词语辨析
1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour
【解释】
voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行
journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行
travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念
trip: (短途)旅行
tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow.
2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months.
3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend.
4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle.
答案: 1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour
1. recognize/realize/know
(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。

(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。

(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解
[应用1](1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health.
(2)I've ________________ Tom for years.
(3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room
2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular
【解释】
frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现
common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的
ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义
general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用
regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). This is a ___________ problem.
2). He often makes ___________ errors of judgment.
3)．Look at the train’s ___________ schedule.
4)．The violinist gave a very ___________ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.
5)．As a ____________ rule I am home by six.
答案: 1). common 2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). general
2. such as/for example/that is/and so on
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与like互换。

它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用that is或namely。

(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。

其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。

(3)that is 相当于namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。

(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。

[应用2](1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________，Chinese, maths, English and P．E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________，destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
3. especially/ specially
【解释】
especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要
specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。

2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。

答案: 1). especially 2). specially
4 a number of / the number of
【解释】
a number of意思是“若干；许多”
the number of意思是“……的数目”
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.
2). ____________ books in the market are in English.
答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of
重点词汇
1. present n. 礼物adj.在场的；目前的vt.赠送
[典例]
1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。

2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。

3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。

[重点用法]
at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在
be present at 出席；到场(反义：be absent from)
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
⑴All the people ____________________ (出席晚会的)were her supporters.
[练习] 中译英
1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。

2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。

答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.
2). This book was a present from my brother.
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。

[重点用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制…be at one’s command 听任某人支配
have / take command of… 指挥…
[特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
[练习] 用适当的介词填空
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.
2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.
答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
[典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。

.
2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。

[重点用法]
request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事
⑴He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.
⑵He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.
⑶The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.
[练习] 中译英。

1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。

2). 请不要吸烟。

答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.
扩展===联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”；
两个“命令(order，command)”；
三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；
四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。

2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。

[重点用法]
recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是recognize +宾语从句意识到；承认
⑴I recognize him______________________. (他是个聪明人).
⑵Though they hadn’t met for many years，they _________ (认出了对方)at the first sight.
[练习] 中译英1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。

2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。

答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.
2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的adv. 直接；挺直
[典例] 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。

2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。

[练习] 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。

答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
[典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍
[练习] 中译英
1). 他们在绕楼群散步。

2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。

答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block.
2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
7、actually adv. 实际上；事实上
相近词汇：in fact\as a matter of fact
8．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
9.．native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的
n. 本地人；出生于某国的人
be native to...原产于某地
one’s na tive country/land本国，祖国
native place出生地
one’s native language本国语，本族语，母语
a native of当地人/产于……的动/植物
[即学即练1](1)China is our ____________，and Chinese is our ____________.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。

(2)The tiger __________________ India.
这种虎产于印度。

(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。

答案.native country;native language；is native to；a native of
重点词组
e up走近；上来；提出
[典例]
1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.
小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。

3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.
这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。

5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。

[短语归纳]
come across邂逅come about发生come at向…扑来,攻击come from 来自
come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with想出
come round 绕道而来come down落下,塌下
[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。

1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him.
2). The magazine __________ once a month.
3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday.
4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy.
5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning.
答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over 4). come up with 5). came across
2. make use of利用；使用
[典例]
1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。

[短语归纳]
make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用make the best/most of 充分利用
[练习]
1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。

2).我们要很好地发挥她的才能。

答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.
2). We will make good use of her talents.
3. such as例如；像这种的
1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.
有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌
2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了
[练习] 用such as或for example填空
1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda.
2). The repo rt is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ________.
答案: 1) such as 2). For example
4. play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与
[典例] 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。

2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。

[短语归纳]
take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半
the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）for my part就我来说
[练习] 中译英
1). 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？
2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。

答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?
2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.
6. because of因为；由于
[典例]1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。

[短语归纳]
because of 是复合介词。

because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。

[练习] ⑴He came late to school again _______ he got up too late.
⑵The girl cried __________ what the teacher said.
⑶we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather.
7. base on …以…为基础
e.g The movie is based on facts
7．ever before 从前8．even if/though 即使
9．be based on 以……为基础10．over time 长期以来
11．in the early days 在早期12．the same as 相同于
13.Believe it or not信不信由你
14. a number of ＋N. 许多,大量. 作主语时, 谓语用复数.
the number of ＋N.…的数量. 作主语时, 谓语用单数
Eg A number of people have read this novel.
The number of people here is 50.
Unit 3
词汇要点
1.determine vt.决定，决心，确定，测定
Determination n. 决心，毅力determined adj. 坚毅的，下决心的decide［同义］v.决定
典型用法be determined to do sth
⑴She is a girl of great ______________ (determine).
⑵He is determined ________ (face) out the situation.
⑶There is a ____________ (determine) look on his face.
2.similar adj. 类似的，相似的
Similarly adv. 类似地；同样地Similarity n.类似；(可数)相似之处
be similar to［搭配］类似于,与……相似the same ...as...［近义］与……相同
（1）My opinion is ______ yours.
⑵The __________ between them has often been remarked on.
⑶Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ____________，our minds are developed by learning.
anize v.组织
organization n.组织，机构organizer n.组织者organized adj. 有组织的
⑴The _____________ (organize) of such a large-scale party takes a lot of time and energy.
⑵The ___________(organize) think of various ways to amuse the athletes.
⑶I will take part in an _________ (organize) activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in
society.
4.surprise vt.使惊奇，使诧异n. 惊奇，诧异
Surprised adj. 感到惊讶的surprising adj. 令人惊讶的
surprisedly adv. 惊奇地，惊讶地surprisingly adv. 令人感到惊奇地
典型的用法是：
be surprised at 对…感到惊讶to one,s surprise (=surprisingly) 令人感到惊奇地是
(1) Everybody here was ____ （surprise）the news.
(2) I was __________ (surprise) the change in him.
(3) ________________________ (surprise)，he was so frank that he told me all of his secrets.
5.transport n.& v.运送；运输
派生：transportation n.运输；交通工具
⑴那辆黄色公共汽车将乘客从机场运送到城里。

The yellow bus_____________________________from the airport to the city.
⑵那些物品将用飞机运往青海玉树。

The goods ____________________ by plane to Yu Shu，Qinghai Province.
答案：will transport the passengers ；will be transported
6.persuade vt.说服，劝说
persuade sb. to do 说服/劝服某人去做
persuade sb. into doing 说服/劝服某人去做
persuade sb. out of doing说服/劝服某人不做
注意：劝而不服则要用advise sb.to do sth.或者try to persuade sb.to do sth.。

⑴我们劝李老师戒烟，他不再抽烟啦!
__________________________________，and he never smoked at last.
⑵我们劝王老师戒烟，可他不戒。

___________________________________________________________，but he didn’t.
答案：We persuaded Mr. Li to stop smoking
We advised Mr.Wang to stop smoking/We tried.to persuade Mr.Wang to stop smoking
7.graduate v.毕业n.大学毕业生派生：graduation n.毕业
短语：graduate from 毕业于
(1)After ____________ (graduate)，what are you going to do?
(2)My sister graduated ______ Beijing University ____ 1982.（填借此）
(3) He is _____ graduate of Oxford. （填冠词）
8.care vi.关心；介意n.关心；照顾
care about (to be worried about/concerned with)忧虑；担心；惦念
care for(=like，love)喜欢take care of(=look after)照料；照顾
take care 小心；提防
派生：careful adj.细心的carefully adv.细心地carefulness n.细心carelessly adv. 粗心地carelessness n.粗心careless adj.粗心的
⑴The only thing he cares __________ is money.
⑵I don’t really care _____ red wine.
⑶Who will take care ___ your baby if you are out?
⑷Many accidents are caused by ________ (care) driving.
⑤They studied the question _________ (care) before they made the decision.
即学即用
（1）—That’s a lovely dress.
—Do you think so?My aunt gave it to me for my birthday,but I don’t thecolor.
A.interest in
B.care for
C.take care of
D.fond of
（2）I don’t think Jack what happensto his family.He is so selfish.
A.cares for
B.cares about
C.cares to
D.cares of
9.reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的派生：rely vi.依靠；依赖(通常接on)
⑴I found this to be a ________ brand of washing machines.
⑵The villagers here ____ wells for their water.（填与rely相关的词）
10.schedule n.时间表；进度表vt.为某事安排时间
according to schedule 按照计划；按照安排on schedule 按时
behind schedule 晚点be scheduled to do被安排，定于
⑴火车按时到达。

The train arrived ___ ___
⑵总统定于明天发表演说。

The President is __________ (schedule) to make a speech tomorrow.
11.attitude n. 态度；看法
attitude to/towards ... 对……的态度
翻译：我的英语老师改变了对我的态度。

My English teacher ________________________ me.
has changed his attitude to/towards me.
12..be fond of(=love；like)喜欢；喜爱
翻译：虽然她有好多缺点，但是我们都很喜欢她。

She has many shortcomings，but we __________________her.
13.give in 屈服；让步
give up停止/放弃做某事give out 用完；用尽；分发；分布
give away捐赠；暴露；泄露give off发散(气味)；发出(光)
give back交还
运用：用适当的介词或副词填空。

（1）He gave ____ to her request.
（2）If you give _____ smoking，you will save a lot of money every year.
（3）His accent gave him _____ . So I knew he was from USA.
（4）Our teacher gave ______ to the police station what he picked up from the ground.
（5）His money soon gave ______ because he bought a lot of things.
14.as usual 照常；如平常一样
⑴昨天早上，他像往常一样去了办公室。

Yesterday morning，________________________.
⑵你像平常一样迟到了。

You are late，___________.
15.put up 建造，搭建，举起；升起put up with 忍受
⑴You should ___________ what he said.
⑵If you have questions to ask，please _______ your hand.
16.at midnight 半夜
比较：at night(傍晚)晚上
in the evening=during the night/in the night在晚间/在夜间
（1）My grandma usually woke up ____ midnight.
⑵You must be tired after you worked several hours _____ the evening. Please take a rest.
17.change one’s mind 改变注意make up one’s mind 下决心；决定
⑴He______________________ go to university after graduation from high school.
⑵He is very stubborn(固执的)and he is not easy to _________________.
has made up his mind to ；change his mind
Unit 4 Earthquakes
词语辨析
1. congratulate / celebrate
【解释】
congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。

celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。

侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success..
答案: 1). congratulate 2). celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
【解释】
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。

ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击
的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。

damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。

这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。

harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees throu gh him every time.
答案: 1). cheated 2). fool
3. rise / raise / lift
【解释】
rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。

raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。

lift 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
答案: 1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise
4. hurt / injure / wound
【解释】
hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。

injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.
wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.
2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work.
3). I was very much _______ at his words.
答案: 1). wounded 2). injured 3). hurt
重点词汇
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。

2). The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。

3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.
一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。

4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。

[重点用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
[练习] 中译英
1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。

________________________________________________________________________________
2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。

________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
2). The sun burst through the clouds.
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。

3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。

[重点用法]
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务rescue workers 救援人员
[练习] 用rescue的适当形式填空
1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued
3. judge n.&v.法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。

2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。

3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。

4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。

[重点用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging from… 从……来看，根据……判断
[练习] 用与judge相关的词汇填空
1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.
2). _______ , he must be from the south.
答案: 1). Judging 2). In her judgment
4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。

2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。

[重点用法]
be in ruins 呈一片废墟fall into ruin 变成废墟come to ruin 毁灭，落空
ruin oneself 自我毁灭bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭
[练习] 中译英
1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。

________________________________________________________________________________
2). 那教堂已破败不堪。

________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). The building is in ruins.
2). The church has fallen into ruin.
重点词组
1. right away 立刻，马上
[典例]
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。

2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。

[短语归纳]
“立刻，马上”的表达方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately，in no time
[练习] 中译英
1). 请立刻把它打印出来。

答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.
2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）
[典例]
1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。

[短语归纳]
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of 在……末尾by the end of 在……末为止
in the end 最后，终于at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态
make ends meet 收支相抵
[练习] 用at the end of, by the end of 和in the end填空。

1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.
3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.
答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of
3. instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。

2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。

3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。

[短语归纳]
instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。

instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。

in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。

take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。

[练习] 单项选择。

1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.
A. in place of
B. have taken the place of
C. instead
D. instead of
2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.
A. in spite of
B. take the place of
C. instead
D. instead of
答案:
1). B 2). D
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短语归纳]
hundreds of数百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of数千的millions of数百万的
dozens of许多；大量scores of 许多；大量
[练习] 选择填空
1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.
A. tens of thousands of
B. ten thousands of
C. over ten thousands
D. thousands upon thousands
2). There were ____________ people in the hall.
A. two scores of
B. scores of
C. two and score
D. two scores
答案: 1). A 2). B
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero
词语辨析
1. fight for/against/with
【解释】
fight for/against/with
fight for 为……而斗争；努力争取
fight against 与……作斗争。