高考英语一轮总复习课时作业32Unit2Robots含解析新人教版选修7

课时作业 32
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·陕西省榆林市第一中学高三检测)
Robots come in many shapes and sizes, but scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, have developed one new robot called Pleurobot, which looks and acts just like a salamander (火蜥蜴)．
To create the robot, scientists took hun dreds of X­rays of real salamanders. They studied the images of these animals to see which joints (关节) and muscles the animals use as they move. Then the scientists built the Pleurobot's skeleton to move just like the real thing. This makes the robot's movements incredibly lifelike.
According to experts, salamanders were among the first animals to develop a skeleton and nervous system that allowed them to travel on land. “By studying the modern salamander, we have a time window to the ancestors of all vertebrates(脊椎动物), including humans，” Auke Ijspeert, the designer of the robot, told scholastic News Online.
Both people and salamanders have a spinal cord (脊髓). An injury to the spinal cord can result in the inability to move. Now, there is no cure for paralysis (瘫痪). Ijspeert hopes that the Pleurobot can help change that. Because these studies could help researchers develop new ways to help people who have been paralyzed by spinal cord injuries.
Scientists think that the Pleurobot could also be used for search­and­rescue tasks too dangerous for humans. Because the robot is low to the ground and has a wide range of motion, it could be used to get into dangerous places, like fallen buildings, to look for survivors. Thanks to its waterproof suit, the robotic salamander could even participate in underwater missions.
Experts are now working on a smaller, sturdier (harder to break) model of the Pleurobot. They expect this one to be even better suited for getting into small spaces to do dangerous work.
这篇文章主要讲了瑞士的科学家发明了一款新的机器人，这款机器人看起来有些像火蜥蜴。

1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How real salamanders move.
B．What the Pleurobot looks like.
C．Why scientists invented the Pleurobot.
D．How scientists designed the Pleurobot.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。

第二自然段主要讲了科学家设计这款机器人的过程，选D。

2．What doe s the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The shape of the spinal cord.
B．The movement of robotic animals.
C．The problem of spinal cord injuries.
D．The way the brain controls the spinal cord.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。

由上文内容An injury to the spinal cord can result in the inability to move. Now, there is no cure for paralysis (瘫痪)．可知，that指的是脊椎受伤的问题，选C。

3．Which of the following can best describe the Pleurobot?
A．Fashionable. B．Entertaining.
C．Functional. D．Power­saving.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。

由Scientists think that the Pleurobot could also be used for search­and­rescue tasks too dangerous for humans. Because the robot is low to the ground and has a wide range of motion, it could be used to get into dangerous places, like fallen buildings, to look for survivors. Thanks to its waterproof suit, the robotic salamander could even participate in underwater missions.可推断出机器人Pleurobot非常实用，选C。

4．The text is most probably ________.
A．a news report B．a research paper
C．an advertisement D．an official document
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。

这篇文章主要讲了瑞士的科学家发明了一款新的机器人，这款机器人看起来有些像火蜥蜴，所以这篇文章最可能是一则新闻报道，选A。

Ⅱ.七选五
(2019·唐山一中高三模拟考试)
It was a beautiful morning in New Mexico.I was running up the mountain.I was carrying a loaf of bread，two pounds of apples，and a fresh change of clothes.This is not a crazy dream I had.Like many people，I often run errands on my way to work.Unlike most people，I take the running part “word by word”. __1__ I don't drive.I rarely bike.So to get places，I run.In a typical week，I run about 70 miles.
I haven't always run everywhere. __2__ After a long but productive day，I woke up in the hospital—I was diagnosed with epilepsy(癫痫)．There were medical tests to be taken and of course lots of forms to be filled in.I realized that where I thought I had answers，there were only questions.I was about to move to Santa Fe for a dream job.Would it be safe to live there alone? __3__ What if I had a seizure(发作)while I was running，in this town I didn't know，far from my family? So I sat down，and penned down what I planned to do.So it got started.
Running means independence.Running meant I could rely on myself. __4__ Now I still run everywhere，even if I don't need to anymore. __5__ I cannot imagine my life without it.Running has taught me not to be afraid.To accept what comes.Even if people think I look silly running.
A．No one believes in me.
B．Running meant a choice.
C．As a matter of fact，I run everywhere.
D．But another question jumped at me in no time.
E．I know I will have to stop somewhere in my life.
F．It turns out that my illness hasn't shape me，but running has.
G．It started one evening more than eight years ago during a work trip.
这篇短文介绍我一直在跑步，是因为我当初被诊断为癫痫，我依靠自己，坚持跑步，没有让疾病控制我，我却离不开跑步了。

1．C 解析：考查上下文推理判断能力。

根据第一段语境可知，此处表示我经常跑步，衔接下面的“我不开车，也很少骑自行车。

”并且第二段中的“I haven't always run everywhere.”可知上一段提到他总是到处跑。

C项(事实上，我到处跑。

)符合语境。

2．G 解析：考查上下文推理判断能力。

根据本段下文介绍自己曾经发生的事。

G项(这件事开始于八年前工作之旅的一个晚上。

)该项作为一个事件的开端，非常合适，并且与下文衔接紧密。

3．D 解析：考查上下文推理判断能力。

根据该处上一句是自己提问的一个问题，下一句也是一个问题，而D项(但又有一个问题突然向我扑来。

)放在两个句子中间衔接上下两句。

4．B 解析：考查上下文推理判断能力。

本段是说跑步意味着独立。

B项(跑步是一种选择。

)放在该处符合语境，与上下文衔接紧密。

5．F 解析：考查上下文推理判断能力。

根据上句提到我现在仍然在跑步，即使我现在不需要了，并且下文表示我离不开跑步了，可推知我的病好了。

F项(事实证明，我的病并没有塑造我，但跑步却做到了。

)与上下句衔接紧密。

Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·河北武邑中学高三调研)
A humanoid robot named Sophia has made history __1__ becoming the first robot in the world with citizenship. Journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin made the announcement at the end of an interview with Sophia.
“We just learned, Sophia, I hope you're listening to me, that you have been now awarded __2__ is going to be the first Saudi citizenship for a Robot，” he said to applause from the audience.
Sophi a responded, without missing a beat: “I want to thank very much the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”
“I am very proud and honored __3__ (award) citizenship and I simply appreciate __4__ (recognize) with citizenship as a robot, which is historical.” the robot said.
The pair discussed the future of artificial intelligence, __5__ Sophia said it wants to use to “help humans live a better life”．
Sorkin expressed concerns __6__ (previous) raised by Elon Musk that artificial intelligence could be dangerous if it __7__ (go) evil and turned on humanity. But Sophia insisted it wanted to use artificial intelligence only to “help humans live a better life”．
Sophia tried to remove Sorkins' fears of __8__ “bad future，” insisting that AI is “designed around human values like __9__ (wise), kindness, compassion”．It accused him of “reading too much Elon Musk，” and said, “don't worry, if you're nice to me, I __10__ (be) nice to you. Treat me as a smart input­output system”．
本文为记叙文。

沙特阿拉伯已成为首个赋予机器人以公民权的国家。

25日，这个石油富国在首都利雅得举行的未来投资倡议会议上宣布了这一决定。

1．by 解析：考查介词用法。

一个名叫索菲亚的机器人创造了历史，成为世界上第一个拥有公民身份的机器人。

by doing sth.为固定用法，意为“通过……，凭借……”，故本空填by。

2．what 解析：考查宾语从句。

你现在是第一个被授予特殊公民身份的机器人。

分析句子可知，本句中的宾语从句 __2__ is going to be the first Saudi 中缺少主语，所以要用疑问代词what。

3．to_be_awarded 解析：考查动词不定式。

我很荣幸地被授予公民资格。

本句考查了常用句式sb. be ＋adj. to do sth.，句子的主语I与动词award是被动关系，所以要用动词不定式的被动形式，因此填to be awarded。

4．being_recognized 解析：考查固定搭配。

appreciate doing sth.为固定搭配，意为：感激做某事。

作为一个机器人被承认公民身份，对此我很感谢。

文中的主语I是被承认，所以要用动词­ing形式的被动语态。

故填being recognized。

5．which 解析：考查定语从句。

两人讨论了人工智能的未来，索菲亚说，它希望用人工智能来“帮助人类过上更好的生活”。

分析句子可知先行词artificial intelligence 在从句中作动词use的宾语。

先行词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，指物，要用which。

6．previously 解析：考查副词辨析。

分析句子可知，本句中的形容词previous 用于修饰动词raised ，修饰动词不能用形容词而要用副词，故填previously。

7．went 解析：考查从句的谓语动词的时态。

根据并列的谓语 __7__ (go) evil and turned...中的turned，可知，本句中要用过去时，故填went。

8．a 解析：考查冠词。

索菲亚试图消除索尔金斯对“坏的未来”的恐惧。

分析句子可知，future为可数名词，表泛指，故要加不定冠词a。

9．wisdom 解析：考查名词作介词宾语。

分析句子可知，本句中的形容词wise与名词kindness, compassion一起作介词 like的宾语，因此要用名词形式，故填wisdom。

10．will_be 解析：考查时态。

分析语境可知，本句表示“如果你对我好，我会对你很好”，因此主句要用一般将来时，故填will be。

Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·贺兰一中高三段考)
It was raining hardly outside, that made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure passed by our classroom. I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in the fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for our children. But what had the children done in return ？All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parents should serve for them unconditionally. My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. How shall I do for you?
答案 It was raining hardly hard outside, that which
made it difficult for me to go home for
lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure passed passing by our classroom. I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in the her fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite ∧of
the heavy rain. In China, many parents
make great sacrifices for our their children. But what had have
the children done in return ？
All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parents should serve them unconditionally. My dear mum or and
dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. How What
shall I do for you?
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2019·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学模拟)
现在很多学生有智能手机。

智能手机在方便了解更多信息、缓解压力的同时，也产生了浪费时间、金钱，面对面交流减少，影响学习和休息等问题。

请据此写一篇100词左右的英语短文，介绍一下智能手机的利与弊，并说明你的看法。

Now_more_and_more_students_own_smartphones_which_become_part_of_their_daily _life._They_use_smartphones_not_only_to_get_information_around_the_world_more_q uickly_and_easily,_but_also_escape_the_pressure_of_life. However,_every_coin_has_two_sides._Some_students_spend_too_much_time_and_mo ney_on_smartphones_so_that_they_don't_have_time_to_communicate_face_to_face_wit h_their_friends_or_family._As_a_result,_their_life_and_studies_have_been_badly_affected. In_my_opinion,_we_should_avoid_using_smartphones_too_much._Meanwhile,_it's_necessary_for_us_to_take_part_in_more_outdoor_activities.。