课后习题

哲学与宗教

1.The philosophy in the pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views. The most influential schools were Confucianism ,Taoism,Mohism and Legalism.

2. Ancient Chinese poilosophers share some common features such as their stress on spiritual existence, practice, _ morality, harmony, and intuition.

3. Chinese ethics and morality focuses more on harmony, collectivism and spiritual.

4. China, as a multi-religion country, has indigenous Taoist religion and religions of foreign origin such as Buddhism, Islam, catholicism, and Christianity.

5. The White House Temple,locate in the east of Luoyang, Henan province, was the first officially built Buddhist temple in China in the Eastern Han dynasty.

文学

On Faults of Qin JiaYi Han dynasty

Song of Eternal Sorrow BaiJuyi Tang dynasty

The Scholars Wu JingziMing&Qing dynasties

The Goddess GuoMoruo modern period

Wives and Concubines Su Tong contemporary period

F─1 Chinese classical literature refers to literary works from the days before the Qin dynasty to the late Qing dynasty.

F─2 The Book of Songs is a collection of China's 305 oldest poems written in the Spring and Autumn p eriod.

F─3 All of Yuefu folk songs are written in five-character lines.

T─4 The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons by Liu Xie was intended to advocate the presence o f social and political content in literature while criticising the efforts to seek the beauty of form at the cost of meaning.

F─5 Li Bai has long been considered the greatest realistic poet in Chinese Literature.

T─6 In his novels, Ba Jin aimed at attacking the life-destroying ethnics of feudalism that had existed in China for thousands of years.

艺术

1. Calligraphy retains the beauty of nature and illuminates the spiritual beauty of human beings . Chinese calligraphy stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines.

2. Traditional Chinese painting refers to ink-wash painting. It can be traced to the Tang dynasty and flourished from the Yuan dynasty onwards. It holds an important place in the history of traditional landscape painting.

3 .Chinese opera is considered one of the three ancient forms of drama in the world, with the other two being Greek Tragedy and Comedy. Of these three, only Chinese opera still remains alive.

4, Erbu, sometimes known in the West as the “Chinese Violin“,is a two-string bowed musical instrument and is used as a solo instrument as well as for small ensembles and large orchestras. The most popular erbu piece is Two springs Reflect The Moon.

饮食文化

1)Generally speaking ,there are three essential standards by which Chinese cooking is judged, namely, colour,aroma,and taste ,with_taste being the most important.

2)At a formal banquet, the host prepares adequate seats for the

guests..the elderly and people of high status usually sit at the northern side of the table or directly facing the entrance to the room.The concept of “honouredsouth,humble north” is closely related with traditional Chinese etiquette.

3)Chinese tea can be classified into five basic categories according to their different processing techniques.The five types are green tea,black tea,oolong tea, compressed tea, and scented tea .Some minor types are white tea and yellow tea.

4)The drinkers’s wager game has many forms, depending on the drinkers’social status, literacy status, and interest. Generally, there are three categories:

general games, ,literary games and competing games.

服饰

1． Chinese rules of etiquette regarding costumes and adornments started taking shape in the Zhou dynasty,regulating from nobles down to commoners.

2． Band knots had been used in the front of costumes for several thousand years before the Ming dynasty ,but they were replaced by buttons for the first time in the Ming dynasty.

3． The four most famous types of embroidery in China

are Sichuan embroidery,_Suzhou embroidery ,Hunan embroidery embroidery

and Guangdong embroidery.

4． When a girl is born into a Miao family,her parents will save on food and expenses so as to purchase a complete set of silver jewelry for her.

5． The Korean people are known as the “people in white”due to their special love of the white colour.

建筑

1. The ancient Chinese used timber extensively as a building material in addition to bricks and tiles.

2. The number nine carried a special meaning in ancient China.It was deemed that odd numbers