英美议会制度比较

American and British parliamentary system comparative analysis

（经管07级工商4班于少东20070506）

Abstract: Political institutions (set) belong to Political superstructure areas, generally refers to its socialQualitative adaptation of the national authorities and basic system. "Political system and human society as the various systems,Is a product of historical development, with time and space mark. "1300 years ago, British bourgeois revolutionLater, the capitalist countries gradually establish and practice of the democratic politics and promulgated the constitution and constitutionalism, make gradually implementingCapitalism in the fields are developed.

Both Britain and the political system has the same theoretical basis: "natural rights" theory and "separation"Principle; The specific content of political system includes parliamentary system, the electoral system, judicial system, the government system,Civil service system and political party system; etc. All flaunt "people's democracy", with the main forms of the representative for democracy,Power system running in the separation of powers and the characteristics of "rule by law" principle. The most fundamental capitalist countries asHome political system of two typical representative, Britain and the United Kingdom in the maintenance of bourgeois interests, safeguard endowment socialist private ownershipDegrees, carry out the bourgeois dictatorship has the same essence. But in concrete political system level and the two countriesSince the present different characteristics.

Key Words: parliamentary system, culture; difference

英美议会制度之比较

摘要：政治制度（Political Regime）属于上层建筑范畴，一般是指与本国的社会性质相适应的国家权利机构和基本制度。"政治制度与人类社会的各种制度一样，是历史发展的产物，带有时间与空间的烙印。"1300多年前，英国资产阶级革命后，资本主义国家逐步建立和实践了民主政治，颁布了宪法并逐步实行宪政，使资本主义在各个领域都得到了长足的发展。

英美两国政治制度具有相同的理论基础："天赋人权"学说和"三权分立"

原则；政治制度的具体内容都包括议会制度、选举制度、司法制度、政府制度、

公务员制度和政党制度等；都标榜"人民民主"，以代议制为民主的主要形式；

政权体制都实行分权制衡和"法治"原则的特点。而最根本的是作为资本主义国

家政治制度的两个典型代表，英美两国在维护资产阶级利益、维护资主义私有制

度、实行资产阶级专政等方面具有相同的本质。但在具体政治制度层面两国又各

自呈现不同的特点.

关键词：议会制度文化差异

British parliamentary system

A, introduction

The British parliament is known as "parliament's mother. In Britain takes the lead in creating capitalist mode of production, and meanwhile takes the lead in creating a with the appropriate Should the constitutional system, which is the parliament for substantial part of the parliamentary system. The British parliament as the mother of parliament, reason has the following the items.

The longest history. 1.

If the "model in 1295 convened for the beginning, then parliament", the British continuous parliamentary practice has so far more than seven hundred years. Only Britain

Parliament is concerned, the history of the long world no country parliament can watch with admiration.

The British parliament history's preciousness is not only lies in its time long, but because it has experienced the contradiction of deep and complex, lies in its place

Accumulate experiences and lessons of the rich, lies in the parliamentary practice contains seven hundred years of enlightenment.

2. Overthrow feudal monarchy struggle extremely fully and success

As with most countries, Britain had long feudal society period and accompanied by the feudal monarchy. However apart is,

Also in the feudal monarchy, the British council will tenaciously speared out, and has been indomitable to bind kingship, until the kingship resolutely placed

Parliament bargainees under.

British Kings feudal autocratic many tendency, have a plenty of dye-in-the-wood despot, and the parliament power bitterest. Therefore, the British parliament

In the world know only have kingship and disown parliamentary authority era of kingship, without constraint again in various ways and sceptre struggle. Lawmakers to king please

May, right themselves; Borrow the king's tax advice, attacking demands and discusses the princes and evil king sin. When peace parliamentary struggle can stop the king's autocratic through When parliament with a command army, wang jun JueSi war. Parliament was even to abolish the monarchy and republicanism. After about five hundred years of innumerable back

Close battle, parliament finally overcome the monarchy and aerial kingship, will be transformed into independent monarchy without ability of conduct national symbol, and make them work for parliamentary supremacy

System service.

The British parliament for other countries overcome monarchy of similar revolution offers rich experience, one of the most valued is: use parliament financial

Right with war beat fretting kingship, king, with overhead operation transformation kingship.

3. Create new electoral system

Britain from feudal society period already formed a senate election systems, and have been used to the 19th century prophase. The feudal monarchy of parliament

The electoral system facilitates the king called parliament, which is beneficial to the rulers and plute rig elections.

Parliamentary-based, congress needs to build their own social basis. From 1832 onwards, the British parliament continuous exploration, establish new Congressman electoral.

To voters' property, gender requirements gradually abolished, age requirement reduced to the administrative divisions, narrow basis and determine the constituency between population. Constituency

Differences. Results, eighteen years of voters team up. On the other hand, to the senator candidate's property, gender, age. Qualification corresponding abandoned

Less requirements. Thus, civilian court to ambitious civilians opened the door. Party becomes campaign organizers, it set platform, nominate candidates,

Raising campaign funds, stirring voters. Election into voters around the party's policies and