八年级英语动词不定式的用法

八年级英语语法专题（II）动词不定式的用法

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动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语情势，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成情势为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，是以，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具出名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。根据新课标八年级要求介绍近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结八年级英语下册总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。

一、动词不定式作主语

1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.

A. to clean

B. cleaned

C. clean

D. cleans(甘肃省)

2. It's hard for us _________ English well.

A. learn

B. learns

C. to learn

D. learning(江西省)

3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(BeiJing市海淀区)

4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.

A. for， of

B. of， for

C. to， for

D. of， to(安徽省)

Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B

［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作情势主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：

(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.

⑵It is +名词(for sb)to do sth

.⑶It takes sb some time to do sth

.⑷It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式

(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与前置词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式⑷中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与前置词for搭配，暗示不定式暗示的动作、举动的性质。

注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is…to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不比一见。(错)It is to believe to see.

It's for sb.和It's of sb.

1) for sb.常用于暗示物质的特征特点，暗示客观情势的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来讲学两门外语是很难的。

2) of sb的句型一般用暗示人物的性格，道德，暗示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是八年级下册英语语法太好了。

for与of的辨别要领：用前置词后面的代词作主语，用前置词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，欠亨则用for。如：You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，欠亨，是以应用for。)

is right to stop killing wild animals.

is the best time to visit USA in summer.

is helpful for us to learn English well.

二、动词不定式作宾语

1. He wants ______ some vegetables.

A. buy

B. buying

C. to buy

D. buys (山西省)

2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.

A. to bring

B. bringing

C. to take

D. taking (福建省)

3. He found it very difficult ______.

A. sleeping

B. sleeps

C. slept

D. to fall asleep (湖南省)

Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D

［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作情势宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面

Sb + V + it（情势宾语）+ agj（形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无BE动词。

3、动词不定式作宾语补足语

1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.

A. help him

B. to help him with

C. to help with

D. helps him with (江苏省)

2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.

A. cook

B. cooks

C. to cook

D. cooked (甘肃省)

Key： 1. B 2. C

［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect，tell， allow等。

四、动词不定式作状语

1. She went ______ her teacher.

A. to see

B. looks

C. saw

D. seeing (江西省)

2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.

A. learn

B. learning

C. to learn

D. learns (川蜀)

Key： 1. A 2. C

［简析］go，come，try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。

3. I'm sorry ______ that.

A. hears

B. hearing

C. hear

D. to hear (河北省)

4. I'm sorry ______ you.

A. trouble

B. to trouble

C. troubling

D. troubled (吉林省)

5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.

A. to meet

B. meet

C. met

D. meets (甘肃省)

Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A

［简析］＂be +形容词+ to do sth＂布局中的不定式作状语，常暗示原因或体式格局。

6. The panda is so large that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思不异的句子)

The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a large panda to go through. (广东省)

7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思不异的句子) The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广八年级下册生物总结东省)

Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on

［简析］在上述＂too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough (for sb) to do…＂(足以、足够……做……)布局中，不定式作结果状语。

so\such......... that........如此......乃至......的用法及与其他句型的互换.