2018年河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2018年河南师范大学831英语写作与翻译考研真题及详解
I. Term Explanation. （10%）
Please Explain the Following Two Terms in English.
a）Foreignization （5%）
b）Functional equivalence （5%）
【参考答案】
a）It’s a term used by Venuti （1995）to designate the type of translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original” F oreignization actually isn’t a translation, but a kind of transplantation. It aims to k eep the peculiarity of SL’s culture and itself. It tries to constantly remind the reader that the text is not in the original by for example allowing some words and expression to stay in the SL, changing the syntax or in other ways making the reader feel that the text is foreign. Through a foreignized translation text, the TL reader gets to know an exotic atmosphere, a new culture and the characteristics of a foreign language, which can enrich the expressions of their own language and even wipe away the weak points of their culture.
b）Functional equivalence is a translation theory put forward by Eugene Nida. It is the core of his translation theory. According to Nida, translating consists reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source
language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
II. English-Chinese Translation （40%）
Translate the Underlined Parts into Chinese.
Cross-racial hostility is the stepchild of racism. The dynamics of cross-racial hostility are created by the imbalances on treatment between racially oppressed people based on exaggerated differences among us. Each group has its unique history of discrimination, racial violence, and institutionalized prejudice. Historically, each group “served” a particular role in meeting the socioeconomic needs of white America. For example, during western expansion in the 1800s.while the debate over free versus slave state raged, thousands of Chinese men were brought in to work the mines and railroads. The Chinese were not slaves but they were not free. The Chinese were also subject to lynching and other forms of violence from whites because of their race. After working the mines and railroads, the Chinese were barred from the trades and all but domestic employment. For the most part, they were left to support their own through family-owned stores, laundries, and restaurants in Chinatown ghettoes. The same, yet not the same. Different, yet not different.
Where differences among white people tend to be evened out by white privilege, differences among people of color are blown out of proportion with personal jealousies and betrayal, encouraged by whites. The difference between the house nigger and the field nigger is a classic example of how
differential/preferential treatment split and divided us. Both were slaves for life, but one was treated conspicuously better than the other. For example, “the light-skinned blacks, usually the offspring of white men and black women, were typically given the preferred wo rk inside the master’s home, while darker-skinned blacks were relegated to field work.”There was no guarantee this exemption would continue from one day to the next. The house nigger’s situation was always precarious. Their “privileges” and “status” could be taken away for any or no reason. In the daily ruthless life and death struggle, the desire for preferential treatment often overshadowed feelings of hatred for the master and replaced it with jealous hatred for each other.
【参考译文】
每个群体都经受过各异的种族歧视、种族暴力和制度化偏见的摧残。

历史上，在满足美国白人的社会经济需求时，每个群体都发挥了其独特的作用。

例如，19世纪西进运动期间，自由与奴役斗争激烈时，成千上万的中国人被迫到矿井和铁路上工作。

即便不是奴隶，他们也并不自由。

因其种族，白人的私刑和其他形式的暴力对于中国人来说也是家常便饭。

在煤矿和铁路工作后，中国人就被禁止从事贸易活动了，只能被雇佣。

大多数人都留在唐人街的贫民窟以经营自家的商店、洗衣店和饭店为生。

说一样吧，也不完全一样。

说不同吧，也没什么不同的。

室内工作的黑奴和室外工作的黑奴的差别就是很典型的例子，体现了有差别的对待是怎样割裂我们的。

两者都是奴隶，但前者的待遇明显好于后者。

例如，通常是白人男性和黑人女性的后代的浅肤色的黑人通常会得到主人家里较好的工作，而深肤色的黑人就分到田地工作了。

因为不能保证这一优待能一直继续下去，所以室内黑奴的处境也不确定。

他们的“特
权”和“地位”很可能会莫名其妙地丧失。

在日日地残酷生活和殊死搏斗中，对于优待的欲望往往会掩盖对主人的怨恨，而转向对同伴的嫉恨。

III. Chinese-English Translation （40%）
Translate the Following Chinese Passage into English.
文化是一个国家、一个民族的灵魂。

文化兴国运兴，文化强民族强。

没有高度的文化自信，没有文化的繁荣兴盛，就没有中华民族伟大复兴。

要坚持中国特色社会主义文化发展道路，激发全民族文化创新创造活力，建设社会主义文化强国。

中国特色社会主义文化，源自于中华民族五千多年文明历史所孕育的中华优秀传统文化，熔铸于党领导人民在革命、建设、改革中创造的革命文化和社会主义先进文化，植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践。

发展中国特色社会主义文化，要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务，坚持百花齐放、百家争鸣，坚持创造性转化、创新性发展，不断铸就中华文化新辉煌。

【参考译文】
Culture is a country and nation’s soul. Our country will thrive only if our culture thrives, and our nation will be strong only if our culture is strong. Without full confidence in our culture, without a rich and prosperous culture, the Chinese nation will not be able to rejuvenate itself. We must develop a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, inspire the cultural creativity of our whole nation, and develop a great socialist culture in China. Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics is derived from China’s fine traditional culture, which was born of the Chinese civilization and nurtured over more than 5,000 years; it has grown out of the revolutionary and advanced socialist culture that developed over the course
of the Chinese people’s revolution, construction, and reform under the Party’s leadership; and it is rooted in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics means to develop a socialist culture for our nation—a culture that is sound and people-oriented, that embraces modernization, the world, and the future, and that both promotes socialist material wellbeing and raises socialist cultural-ethical standards. In developing this culture, we must follow the guidance of Marxism, base our efforts on Chinese culture, and take into account the realities of contemporary China and the conditions of the present era. We should ensure that this culture serves the people and serves socialism. We should follow the principle of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and encourage creative transformation and development, so as to add new luster to Chinese culture.
IV. English Writing Section A （20%）
You live in a room in college which you share with another three students. You find it very difficult to work there because one of your roommates always has friends visiting. He/she has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Office at the college and: 1）ask for a new room next term; 2）you would prefer a single room; 3）explain your reasons. Please don’t sign your name at the end of your letter, using “Li Lei”instead.
You need to write you letter with 200 words.
【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to express dissatisfaction regarding accommodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient and I couldn’t stand it anymore.
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him. They talk with each other too loudly and ignore the fact whether I’m having a rest or studying. For another, he regularly holds noisy parties. A lot of people come in our tiny dormitory and every time they leave a mountain of rubbish. Then after a terrible sleep, I have to clean the room by myself. I’m afraid if those things keep going my physical and mental health would face with problems.
To solve this difficulty, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned. I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Lei 【解析】
本文为一封投诉信，主要内容为投诉室友的过分行为并要求调换寝室。

第一段写明来意。

第二段详细描述了作者要求调换寝室的原因。

第三段再次表明自己对换寝室的强烈诉求。

应
用文体应注意格式。

V. English Writing Section B （40%）
Recently, teachers at Beijing RYB （Red-Yellow-Blue）Education Kindergarten
are accused of giving the children injections and medications without the consent
of the parents. If such illegal deeds are confirmed, they should not only be strongly condemned but also dealt with according to law. Many people are swarming to comment on social media, calling for harsh punishment for the “ugly” actions. At
the same time, some people call for an early end to this event. They argue that teachers are often overstressed because of their hard work and the pressure the
soc iety imposed on them. Society’s zero-tolerance for any misconduct by。