语调与重音

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4、反意问句→前降,后降(前句是事实) 反意问句→前降,后升(前句不是事实) You are a↘teacher,↘aren't you?(前句是事实) You are a↘teacher,↗aren't you ?(前句不是事实) 释:反意问句由两部分组成:前句为陈述句,所以任 何时候都用降调;后句为省略的一般疑问句,所 以有时用升调。 5、祈使句→用降调 'Let's 'go 'shopping to↘gether. 'Open your 'books,↘please.
6、选择疑问句→前升后降 'Are you a↗doctor or a↘teacher? 'Do you 'like the↗red one or the↘blue one ? 7、当状语或状语从句置于句首时,该句出现两种语调。 即状语或状语从句部分用升调,主句用调降。 In the↗classroom, I 'saw him 'studying↘English. (地状) ↗Yesterday, I 'went to↘see him.(时状) 'When I 'came down↗stairs, I 'found them 'playing↘cards.(时状从句)
2)一般疑问句中的第一个词,比如be, do或 have都要重 读。对一般疑问句做简略回答时,副词Yes和No以及 其后的助动词前必须用降调。例如: 'Are you a↗doctor ? ↘Yes, I↘am.(动词) 'Have you a↗pen ? ↘Yes, I↘have.(动词) 'Do you 'have a↗pen ? ↘No, I↘don't.(助动词) 'Have you↗finished it ? ↘Yes, I↘have.(助动词) 'Are you 'watching↗TV ? ↘Yes, I↘am.(助动词)
Keys to Exercise I
1. 'What a 'tall↘building it is! 2. 'How 'fast he 'ran↘yesterday! 3. 'Let's 'go 'shopping to↘gether. 4. 'Go and 'bring some↘water for me. 5. 'Do you 'like↗her ?↘No, I↘don't. 6. 'How 'clean and 'tidy your 'room↘is! 7. 'How and 'when did you 'come↘here ? 8. 'Why are you 'so 'happy to↘day ? 9. 'Have you 'told her the 'sad↗news ?
例如:这位先生很喜欢狗。 This gentleman is like a dog very much. (错误) This gentleman likes a dog very much. (正确) 释:“like”作为及物动词时,它有“喜欢”的意思; 而 作为介词时,它有“像---一样”的意思。如果读者 不 懂得词性的奥妙,那么就很可能说成:这位先生很 像狗。从而闹出笑话。
复习与检测
I. Line out the stressed syllables as well as the rising or falling tune in the following sentences: (标出下列句子的重音和升降调) 1. What a tall building it is! 2. How fast he ran yesterday! 3. Let's go shopping together. 4. Go and bring some water for me. 5. Do you like her ? No, I don't. 6. How clean and tidy your room is! 7. How and when did you come here ?
2、多音节词的轻重读规律 三个音节以上的词,称为多音节词,多音节词的重音多数出现在 倒数第三个音节上。 1) 'mo ni tor 2) 'fa mi ly 3) po 'li ti cal 4) ac 'ti vi ty 3 2 1 3 2 1 4 32 1 4 3 2 1 但以ic, ion等后缀结尾的词,其重音出现在倒数第二个音节上。 例如:1)re 'pu blic 2) dic'ta tion 3 2 1 3 2 1 某些多音节词有两个重音,即主重音和次重音。主重音出现在倒数 第二个音节处,次重音出现在主重音前的第二个音节处。 例如:1) re vo 'lu tion 2) ex hi 'bi tion 3) si tu 'a tion 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
第一讲 词性、重音与升降调的关系
学习指南 本章旨在让学生全面了解并掌握: 1、词性、重音与升降调关系如何? 2、词性与重音的关系如何? 3、多音节词的轻重读规律如何? 本章内容不多。不过,掌握了本章的知识,学生就能够用正确的 语音语调读好每一个单词和每一个句子。 英语的词性有十种:名动形,数副代,介冠连叹。这十种词性中,前 6种为实词,后4种为虚词。实词在句中能独立地充当某种句子成份。而 虚词却不能独立地充当句子成份。由于词性在句中的作用各不相同,所以 学习者在记忆生词时,一定要记词性。否则,学好英语将会是一句空话而 已。
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8. Why are you so happy today ? 9. Have you told her the sad news ? 10. He is very honest, isn't he ?(他不诚实) 11. Our life is rich, happy and interesting. 12. Have you seen her today ? Yes, I have. 13. On my first day, people were very nice to me. 14. College is a new and different experience for me. 15. She said she was a doctor, wasn't she ?(是) 16. There are boys, girls, men and women. 17. Would you like the red one or the blue one ?
18. Did he go to see a doctor ? Yes, he did. 19. I felt much better after I took the medicine. 20. When he was a child, he worked for a landlord. 21. First of all, it gives me a sense of responsibility. 22. Will you stay at home or go to the cinema with me ? 23. They told us how to cut rice and how to tie bundles. 24. When she was five, she began to work on the farm. 25. I do like things about college: being on my own, talking with friendly people and having Fridays off.
三、音节与重音的位置
在双音节和多音节单词中,读得特别响亮的 那个音节,叫做重读音节。除少数一些复合词 外,一般来说,每个单词只有一个重读音节。 不过,在四个音节以上的单词中,往往还有一 个次重读音节,其余的均为非重读音节。
1、单音节和双音节词的轻重读规律 单音节的实词都要重读,但注音时不能使用重音符“”。例如: cat [kt]; dog [dg]; tiger [taig]; eight [eit]; eat [i:t]; make [meik]; blue [blu:]; mouse [maus] fast [f:st]; what [wt]; how [hau]; when [wen] 2)双音节词一般只有一个重读音节。如果是复合词的话,那么就有 可能出现两个重读音节。例如: insult ['inslt]; import ['imp:t]; perfect ['p:fikt]; export ['eksp:t]; present ['preznt]; protest ['prutest] fourteen ['f:'ti:n]; fifteen ['fif'ti:n]; sixteen ['siks'ti:n]
一、词性与重读和升降调的关系:
在英语的十种词性中,前6种实词在句中必须重读 (代词的重读有些例外);而后4种虚词在句中必须 轻读。英语的语调有2种:升调和降调,它们均出现 在句中最后一个重读音节之前,即在最后一个重读音 节之前上升或下降。了解词性与轻重读和升降调的关 系,有助于我们用正确的语音语调去朗读和背诵文章 下面各举二、三个例子,仅供参考。
10、感叹句→用降调。 'How 'fast he↘runs! 'How 'beautiful the 'girl↘is! 'What a 'beautiful↘girl she is! 释:1)代词是实词,但并不是所有的代词都要重 读。疑问代词,指示代词,不定代词和名词性物主代 词必须重读;但人称代词,形容词性物主代词和反身 代词必须轻读。
8、当状语或状语从句置于句末时,该句仅存在一种语调,即 降调。 I 'went to 'see him↘yesterday. 'Please 'take 'notes while you are↘reading. I 'saw him 'studying 'English in the↘classroom. They were 'playing 'cards when I 'came down↘stairs. 9、列举事物时,被列举的事物,全部用升调,而最后一个被 列举的事物则用降调。 There are↗boys,↗girls,↗men and↘women at the party. There are↗books,↗rulers,↗pens and↘pencils on the desk. They have ‘built↗offices, ↗hotels and↘hospitals there.
1、陈述句→用降调 'Class 'Five is a 'good↘class. We 'studied 'very 'hard 'last↘summer. 2、特殊问句→用降调 'What 'day is our 'Party's↘birthday ? 'How 'long have you 'been↘here? 3、一般疑问句→用升调 'Is 'Mr. 'Zhang your 'Chinese↗teacher? 'Are you a↗student?↘Yes, I ↘am . 'Do you 'study↗English ?↘No, I↘don't.
二、词性与重音的关系
1、英语中,同一个词,由于词性不同,其重音也就发生变化。一般来 说,第一个音节重读为名词或形容词,而第二个音节重读为动词。 比如: insult [‘inslt] n 侮辱 insult [in'slt] vt 侮辱 import [‘imp:t] n 进口 import [im'p:t] vt 进口 perfect [‘p:fikt] a 完美的 perfect [p'fekt] vt 使完美 export [‘eksp:t] n 出口 export [ik'sp:t] vt 出口 present [‘preznt] a 目前的 present [pri'zent] vt 赠送 protest [‘prutest] n 抗议 protest [pr'test] vt 抗议
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