中国古建筑名词中英对照
中国古代建筑及构造英文
中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
古建筑英文word精品
中国古典园林---- c lassical Chinese garden中国传统园林---- t raditional Chinese garden中国古代园林---- a ncient Chinese garden中国山水园------ C hinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑----- imperial palace garden皇家园林----- royal garden私家园林----- private garden江南园林-------- g arden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林-------- western classical garden英国式园林------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------- Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林----------- Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------- Spainish style garden法兰西式园林----------- French style garden勒诺特尔式园林--------- Le Notre\'s style garden文艺复兴庄园------------- Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林--------------- Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林------------- Baroque style garden庄园---------------- manor,villa garden廊柱园-------------- peristyle garden,patio绿廊---------------- xystus迷阵---------------- maze,labyrinth灵囿---------------- Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼--------- Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台--------- Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫------- E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑---------- S hang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------- W ei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫---------- L uoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫---------- H ua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳------------ G en Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园---------- Y uan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园------------ Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄-------- Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林------------ Suzhou traditional garden悬园------ Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园” ，“架高园” 。
中外建筑史名词中英文对照
金字塔pyramid 方尖碑obelisk 牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column 纸草花式柱papyrus column 棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat 列柱围廊式peristyle 山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order 伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式Corinthian order 檐口cornice 檐部entablature檐壁frieze 额枋architrave 柱头capital柱身column shaft 槽沟flute 圆底线脚torus柱基plinth 台基stylobate 输水道aqueduct万神庙pantheon 凯旋门triumphal arch 角斗场colosseum广场forum 托斯卡柱式Tuscan order 门廊potch,portico小穹顶cupola 平嵌线reglet 主穹顶main dome半穹顶semi dome 帆拱pendentive 会堂basilica中厅central nave 侧廊aisle 半圆形壁龛apse袖廊transept 柱廊colonnade 神坛altar拱廊atcade 壁上拱廊blind arcade 塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose window 扶壁buttress 尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle 顶端饰finial 花色窗棂tracery四叶饰quatrefoil 五叶饰cinquefoil 府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum 采光塔lantern 小侧窗bulleye window涡卷装饰cartouche 宣礼塔minaret 圣龛mihrab,prayer niche讲坛mimbar,pulpit 拱式vault type 筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault 肋骨拱rib bed vault 星形拱stellar vault网状拱reticulated vault 扇形拱fan vault 倒槽式拱trough vault钟乳拱stalactite vault 券式arch type 半圆券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch 弧形券segmental arch 葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch 交角券squinch 穹式dome type半球形穹顶semespherical dome 葱花穹顶ogee dome 方穹顶square dome阿拉伯花饰arabesque 阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital中国古建史名词中英文对照1、中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple 殿hall 厅hall 又称“堂” 室room 房house亭pavilion阁pavilion 榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion台platform 坛altar 楼storied building廊colonnade 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house四合院courtyard house 寨stockaded village 舫boat house阙que, watchtower 牌楼pailou, decorated gateway 华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda 硬山flush gable roof 悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof 庑殿hip roof 四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof 重檐double eave roof 攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof 大木wooden structure 大式wooden frame with dougong 小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work 小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction 檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column 内槽柱hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱center column 角柱corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post 蜀柱king post 宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column 宋代术语侧脚cejiao 宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背bracket 由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier 梁beam驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语袱beam 宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam 平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam 四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam 六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam 双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam 乳袱rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie 角梁hip rafer （木行）purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin 宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin 大式脊檩ridged purlin 小式脊抟ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin 大式金檩intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin 大式檐檩eave purlin 小式下平抟eave purlin 宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave 宋代术语由额垫板cushion board 大式檐垫板cushion board 小式枋tiebeam 脊枋ridge tiebeam 上金枋upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter 脑椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter 飞檐椽flying rafter 飞子flying rafter 宋代术语连檐eave edging 瓦口tile edging 颔版tile edging 宋代术语举架raising the purlin 举析raising the purlin 宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai 栔qi 分fen 斗口doukou,mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong,bracket set 斗dou, bracket set 升block with cross mortise 大斗cap block栌斗cap block 宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm 翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm 宋代术语昂ang,lever 槽升子center block齐心斗center block 宋代术语三才升small block 十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm 瓜子拱oval arm 宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm 宋代术语厢拱regular arm 令拱regular arm 宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm 撑头small tie-beam 枋small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns 柱头铺作bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns 补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner 转角铺作bracket set on corner 宋代术语出extension of bracket 出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语才cai 跳tiao 宋代术语雀替sparrow brace 搏缝板gable eave board 搏缝版gable eave board 宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work 内檐装修interior finish work 框槛door frame槛stud 抱框jamb on door or window 格栅partition door抹头window stool 棂子grill 裙板panel槛窗sill wall window 榻板window sill 支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing 门簪decorative cylinder 门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone 抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling 帽儿梁lattice framing 支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling 海墁天花flat ceiling 藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf 龛niche 博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry 檐墙eave wall 廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall 槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head 挑檐石cantilever stone on eave 五花山墙stepped gable wall 拔磉corbel, hanging over 叠涩corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab 压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps 踏道steps 宋代术语踏垛step 踏step 宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier 垂带drooping belt stone 副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular space 御路yulu, imperial path 羌差ramp须弥座xumizu圭角guijiao 上枋upper fillet and fascia 下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta 下袅lower cyma, reversa 束腰suyao钩栏balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade 望柱baluster 望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel 华版frieze panel 地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail 宋代术语柱顶石capital stone 柱础column base踬zhi 碑碣stone tablet 屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生stone animal 石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile 板瓦flat tile 青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile 琉璃瓦glazed roof tile 勾头eave tile滴水drip tile 瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being 走兽animal 砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern 旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern 天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam 藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam 点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting。
中国世界文化遗产中英文名称
中国世界文化遗产中英文名称• Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang (1987)故宫• Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor – Terracotta Warriors in Xian (1987)秦始皇陵• The Great Wall (1987)长城• Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu (1987)莫高窟• Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian in Beijing (1987)周口店“北京人”遗址• Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet (1994)西藏布达拉宫• Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains in Hubei (1994)武当山古建筑群• Mountain Resort and its Outlyin g Temples, Chengde, Hebei (1994)承德避暑山庄与周围寺庙• Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, Shandong (1994)孔府、孔庙、孔林• Classical Gardens of Suzhou in Jiangsu (1997)苏州古典园林• Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan (1997)丽江古城• A ncient City of Ping Yao in Shanxi (1997)平遥古城• Temple of Heaven, an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing (1998)北京天坛• Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing (1998)北京颐和园• Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing (1999)大足石刻• Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Hebei (2000)明清皇家陵寝• Ancient Villages Xidi and Hongcun in Anhui (2000)皖南古村落• Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan (2000) 青城山-都江堰• Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan(2000)龙门石窟• Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi (2001)云冈石窟• Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom in Jilin (2004) 高句丽王城、王陵及贵族墓葬• Historic Centre of Macao (2005)澳门历史城区• Yin Xu, the ruins of the last capital of Shang Dynasty, Henan (2006)安阳殷墟• Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in Guangdong (2007)开平碉楼与村落• Fujian Tulou (2008)福建土楼• 河南登封“天地之中”历史建筑群（2010）。
中国传统建筑与宗教四六级词汇有哪些
中国传统建筑与宗教四六级词汇有哪些中国传统建筑与宗教四六级词汇有哪些关于中国的`古代建筑与宗教是谈论中国传统文化绝对避不开的话题。
下面，店铺为大家送上四六级中国传统建筑与宗教词汇。
古代建筑：Ancient Architecture塔：pagoda琉璃塔：glazed stupa舍利塔：dagoba sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics ) 舍利子：sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body喇叭塔：Lamaist pagoda楼：storied buildings钟楼：bell tower鼓楼：drum tower阁：pavilion烽火台：beacon tower华表：ornamental column宗教：Religions佛教：Buddhism释迦牟尼：Sakyamuni佛寺：Buddhist temple大雄宝殿：the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼：depositary of Buddhist texts金刚经：Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆：vegetarian restaurant罗汉堂：arhat hall观音：Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara地藏：God of Earth四大金刚：Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to aBuddhism temple);Four Devarajas四大天王：Four Heavenly Kings因果报应：karma藏传佛教：Lamaism大藏经：Tripitaka转世灵童：reincarnated soul boy喇嘛庙：lamasery道教：Taoism道观：Taoist temple道士：Taoist priest关帝庙：temple of Lord Guan儒教：Confucianism孔子庙：Confucian temple孔子：Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌：rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love禅宗：Zen Buddhism伊斯兰教：Islam清真寺：mosques耶稣教：Christianity耶稣基督：Jesus Christ洗礼：baptism天主教：Catholicism天主教堂：Catholic church【中国传统建筑与宗教四六级词汇有哪些】。
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
waterside pavilion
轩
windowed veranda
民居
folk house
四合院
courtyard house
寨
stockaded village
舫
boat house
阙
que, watchtower
牌楼
pailou, decorated gateway
华表
huabiao, ornamental pillar
交互斗
connection block
宋代术语
正心拱
axial bracket arm
泥道拱
axial bracket arm
宋代术语p
瓜拱
oval arm
瓜子拱
oval arm
宋代术语p
万拱
long arm
慢拱
long arm
宋代术语
厢拱
regular arm
令拱
regular arm
宋代术语
单材拱
大斗
cap block
栌斗
cap block
宋代术语
拱
gong,bracketarm
翘
flower arm, petal
华拱
flower arm
宋代术语
昂
ang,lever
槽升子
center block
齐心斗
center block
宋代术语
三才升
small block
十八斗
connection block
门枕石
bearing stone
抱鼓石
drum-shaped bearing stone
建筑史专用词汇中英对照
建筑史专用词汇中英对照我们在阅读或翻译建筑史类资料时，经常会碰到许多词汇，不明白确切含义或不知道如何准确翻译。
专业性的字典或者是汉英、或者是英汉，没有汉英英汉统一在一起的字典，给阅读和翻译工作带来一定的不便。
现将部分常用的与建筑史相关的一些词汇汇集在一起，以便于大家使用。
1、城市史城市史 history of cities 大学城 campus city居民点settlement 科学城 science city市[场] market 风景旅游城市 sceic-tourist city城[墙] city wall 休养城市 resort city都城 capital city 小城市 small city宫城imperial city 中等城市 medium-sized city外城 outer city 大城市large city皇城 imperial palace 城市历史保护 urban conservation里 neighbourhood 历史建筑historical building 街 street 历史地段historical site巷lane 城市改建urban redevelopment 胡同 hutong,alley 城市更新urban renewal关厢 outskirt 工业城市industrial city城濠 city moat,city trench 矿业城市 mining city城堡 castle 港口城市 port city城邦 polis 商业城市 commercial city城市 city 市区 city proper镇 township,town 郊区suburb2、园林史中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园 peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden 又称"悬空园"，"架高园"。
古建筑术语解释及古建筑英文
古建筑术语解释[一顺一丁] 古建筑路体砌筑方法之一，又称“梅花丁”。
每层砖以一横1纵交替垒砌，明代建筑墙体多用此种砌造方法。
[一品书散水] 古建筑砖作术语，亦称“ 一封出散水”。
一种简单的散水做法，常用于台基周缘。
砌墁时先用条转沿基底铺设一周，其外边在载以一圈立柱，借以起到疏导雨水、保护基础的作用，散水的宽窄，—服视建筑物的体量和上出檐的长短而定，[一斗二升交麻叶斗拱]清式大木作斗拱名称点用于廊子、亭子檐枋之上或宫殿、宫门脊枋之上。
斗拱不出踩，主要起隔架和装饰作用[十八斗] 在斗拱翘头或昂头上承托翅昂与单材瓜供或厢拱相交的斗，斗的顺身开口，放单材瓜拱、单材万拱、厢拱，横向做袖口．袖口宽0．8斗口，深o．1斗口；十八斗1.8斗口定长，1.46斗口定深．1．0斗口定高。
明代早期斗底常做银锭榫，明末清初多做暗销，还有一种即没有榫也没有暗销。
[丁袱] 宋式大木作构件名称。
位于四阿殿顶和九脊殿顶山面．是承托山面与前后瓦坡相汇处的必需构件，在结构上起承托山面屋架荷载的作用。
梁的一头搭在山面铺作或檐住之上，而另一头则搭在横梁之上．并与横梁垂直成“丁”字形，故名。
《清式营造则例》中称顺爬梁。
[七踩斗拱] 清式大木作斗供形式．即里外各出三拽架的斗供。
如果翘重昂七踩斗拱有头翘一件，头昂后带翘头一件，：2昂后带六分头一件．蚂蚱头后带菊花头一件，撑头木后带麻叶头一件．正心瓜供、正心万供各一件，外拽单材瓜拱、单材万拱各两件，厢供一件。
此外，还有正心仿、里外拽枋、桃檐枋、机枋、井口仿、垫拱板、桃尖梁等斗供构件。
[三砖五瓦]布瓦屋面正脊做法术语。
正脊“三砖”一般指通天板上下各一层混砖和通工板。
“五瓦”即五层瓦条子。
一般指当沟与混砖之间的二屋瓦条，通天板上下各一层，瓦条及眉子沟与混砖之间又一层瓦条。
正脊则要由“三砖”和“五瓦”八层组成。
庆殿、硬山正脊常用此种做法。
[三踩斗拱] 清式斗拱名称。
即里外各出一拽架的斗拱。
作法上可用单翘或单昂、蚂蚱头后带麻叶头，设有六分头、菊花头、里外厢供各一个。
古建筑名词-中英对照
信人: tjr99 <颐养>, 信区: DESIGNPHD标题: 中国古代建筑与构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS <Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007>, 站内〔全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布〕中国古代建筑与构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building*阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que,watchtower牌楼pailou,decorated gateway华表huabiao,ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou,inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng,camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu,beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin <used with dougong> 大式檩purlin <used without dougong> 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式,宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave<used with dougong>大式檐枋architrave<used with dougong>小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式,指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式,指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou,bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm,petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花partment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel,hanging over叠涩corbel,hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu,imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma,recta下袅lower cyma,reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi,stone turtle宋与宋前术语趺fu,stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end,eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋与宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof,vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern,colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
建史名词中英文对照
建史名词中英文对照中国古代建筑宫 palace,temple殿 hall厅 hall 又称“堂”室 room房 house亭 pavilion台 platform坛 altar楼 storied building阁 pavilion廊 colonnade榭 pavilion on terrace水榭 waterside pavilion轩 windowed veranda民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house阙 que, watchtower牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山 flush gable roof悬山 overhanging gable roof歇山 gable and hip roof庑殿 hip roof四阿 hip roof卷棚 round ridge roof重檐 double eave roof攒尖 pyramidal roof园攒尖 round pavilion roof 大木 wooden structure大式 wooden frame with dougong小式 wooden frame without dougong大木作 carpentry work小木作 joinery work抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction穿斗式构架 column and tie construction井干式构架 log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱 hypostyle column内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱 hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱 center column角柱 corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱 short column脊瓜柱 king post蜀柱 king post 宋代术语雷公柱 suspended column帐杆 suspended column 宋代术语侧脚 cejiao 宋代术语卷杀 entasis梭柱 shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背 bracket由戗 inverted V-shaped brace叉手 chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩 wooden pier驼峰 tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁 beam袱 beam 宋代术语月梁 crescent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁 3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁 4-purlin beam五架梁 5-purlin beam四椽袱 5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁 6-purlin beam七架梁 7-purlin beam六椽袱 7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁 9-purlin beam八椽袱 9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁 one-step cross beam双步梁 two-step cross beam挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱 rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁 baotou beam穿插枋 penetrating tie角梁 hip rafer（木行） purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩 purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟 purlin 宋代术语脊（木行） ridged purlin 大式脊檩 ridged purlin 小式脊抟 ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行） intermediate purlin 大式金檩 intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟 intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行） purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行） eave purlin 大式檐檩 eave purlin 小式下平抟 eave purlin 宋代术语额枋 architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板 cushion board 小式枋 tiebeam脊枋 ridge tiebeam上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋 eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋 eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽 top rafter脑椽 upper rafter花架椽 intermediate rafter檐椽 eave rafter飞檐椽 flying rafter飞子 flying rafter 宋代术语连檐 eave edging瓦口 tile edging颔版 tile edging 宋代术语举架 raising the purlin举析 raising the purlin 宋代术语步架 horizontal spacing between purlins 材 cai栔 qi分 fen斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong,bracket set斗 dou, bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗 cap block栌斗 cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱 flower arm 宋代术语昂 ang,lever槽升子 center block齐心斗 center block 宋代术语三才升 small block十八斗 connection block交互斗 connection block 宋代术语正心拱 axial bracket arm泥道拱 axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱 oval arm瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代术语万拱 long arm慢拱 long arm 宋代术语厢拱 regular arm令拱 regular arm 宋代术语单材拱 outer-side bracket arm撑头 small tie-beam枋 small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头 nose攒 set of bracket柱头科 bracket set on columns柱头铺作 bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科 bracket sets between columns补间铺作 bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科 bracket set on corner转角铺作 bracket set on corner 宋代术语出 extension of bracket出跳 extension of bracket 宋代术语cai跳 tiao 宋代术语雀替 sparrow brace搏缝板 gable eave board搏缝版 gable eave board 宋代术语木装修 joiner's work外檐装修 exterior finish work内檐装修 interior finish work框槛 door frame槛 stud抱框 jamb on door or window格栅 partition door抹头 window stool棂子 grill 裙板 panel槛窗 sill wall window榻板 window sill支摘窗 removable window门枕 door bearing门簪 decorative cylinder门跋 door knocker门钉 decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone天花 ceiling帽儿梁 lattice framing支条 lattice framing井口天花 compartment ceiling海墁天花 flat ceiling藻井 caisson ceiling罩 shelf龛 niche博古架 antique shelf瓦石作 masonry檐墙 eave wall廊墙 partition wall扇面墙 horizontal partition wall隔断墙 vertical partition wall槛墙 sill wall樨头 gable wall head挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over叠涩 corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石 corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石 rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶 steps踏道 steps 宋代术语踏垛 step踏 step 宋代术语斗板石 intermediate pier垂带 drooping belt stone副子 drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼 triangular space御路 yulu, imperial path羌差 ramp须弥座 xumizuo圭角 guijiao上枋 upper fillet and fascia下枋 lower fillet and fascia上袅 upper cyma, recta下袅 lower cyma, reversa束腰 suyao钩栏 balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏 single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade望柱 baluster望柱头 baluster capital栏版 frieze panel华版 frieze panel地伏 plinth stone寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone柱础 column base踬 zhi碑碣 stone tablet赑屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生 stone animal石人 stone human statue筒瓦 round tile 板瓦 flat tile青瓦 black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾头 eave tile滴水 drip tile瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻 zhengwen鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊 main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人 celestial being走兽 animal砖雕 brick carving彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam枋心 central portion of painted beam点金 gold pointing退晕 color change沥粉 embossed painting贴金 gold foil painting外国古代建筑及构造金字塔 pyramid方尖碑 obelisk牌门楼 pylon莲花式柱 lotus column纸草花式柱 papyrus column棕榈叶式柱 palm column塔庙 ziggurat列柱围廊式 peristyle山花 pediment多立克柱式 Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
中国名胜古迹中英对照
十三陵The Ming Tombs雍和宫Yonghe Lamasery (lamasery ['lɑ:məsəri;'lɑ:məˌseri] n. 喇麻庙)中华世纪坛China Century Altar (altar[ˈɔ:ltə]n.祭坛，圣坛)秦始皇陵The Emperor (emperor[ˈempərə]n.皇帝，君主) Qin Shihuang's Tomb天安门广场Tian'anmen Square华表Ornamental Pillars人民英雄纪念碑The Monument to the People's Heroes毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall人民大会堂The Great Hall of the People故宫The Forbidden City乾清宫The Palace of Heavenly Purity坤宁宫The Palace of Earthly Tranquility御花园The Imperial Garden九龙壁The Nine Dragon Screen天坛The Temple of Heaven回音壁Echo Wall祈年殿The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest颐和园The Summer Palace佛香阁The Tower of Buddhist Incense石舫The Marble Boat十七孔桥The 17-Arch Bridge铜牛Bronze Ox谐趣园The Garden of Harmonious Interests长城The Great Wall居庸关Juyongguan Pass北海公园Beihai Park故宫博物院the Palace Museum革命历史博物馆The Museum of Revolutionary History天安门广场Tian’anmen Square毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall保和殿the Hall of Preserving Harmony中和殿the Hall of Central Harmony长城the Great Wall午门the Meridian Gate紫金山天文台Purple 饑텡뛢ꫠ餍붢ꫠ/event/©版权所有沪江网ࡾ붢餍ࡾ뛢텡饑and Gold Hills Observation紫禁城the Forbidden City周口店遗址Zhoukoudian Ancient Site太和殿the Hall of Supreme Harmony少年宫the Children’s Palace烽火台the Beacon Tower清东陵Easten Royal Toms of the Qing Dynasty民族文化宫the Cultural Palace for Nationalities劳动人民文化宫Worker People’s Cultural Palace北京工人体育馆Beijing Worke rs’ Stadium护城河the Moat仙人洞Fairy Cave黄果树瀑布Huangguoshu Falls西山晴雪the Sunny Western Hills after Snow避暑山庄the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort龙门石窟Longmen Cave苏州园林Suzhou Gardens庐山Lushan Mountain天池Heaven Poll蓬莱水城Penglai Water City大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda华山：Huashan Mountain峨眉山Emei Mountain石林Stone Forest西湖West Lake白马寺White Horse Temple白云山White Cloud Mountain布达拉宫Potala Palace大运河Gr饑텡뛢ꫠ餍붢ꫠ/event/©版权所有沪江网ࡾ붢餍ࡾ뛢텡饑and Canal滇池Dianchi Lake杜甫草堂Du Fu Cottage都江堰Dujiang Dam鼓浪屿Gulangyu Islet观音阁Goddess of Mercy Pavilion归元寺Guiyuan Buddhist Temple甘露寺Sweet Dew Temple黄花岗七十二烈士墓Mausoleum of the 72 Martyrs 华清池Huaqing Hot Spring昭君墓Zhaojun’s Tomb毛泽东故居Mao Zedong’s Former Residence 周恩来故居Zhou Enlai’s Former Residence 越秀公园Yuexiu Park岳阳楼Yueyang Tower南湖公园South Lake Park中山公园Zhongshan Park漓江Lijiang River寒山寺Hanshan Temple静心斋Heart-East Study黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower黄山Huangshan Mountain天下第一关the First Pass Under Heaven桂林山水Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters秦始皇兵马俑Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Figurines鼓楼drum tower西湖the West Lake泰山Mount Taishan庐山Mt. Lu故宫The Palace Museum长城The Great Wall八达岭长城The Great Wall at Badaling居庸关长城The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass慕田峪长城The Great Wall at Mutianyu司马台长城The Great Wall at Simatai北海公园Beihai Park白云观The White Cloud Taoist Temple北京孔庙Beijing Confucius Temple国子监The Imperial College潭柘寺Tanzhe Temple圆明园The Ruins of Yuanmingyuan中华民族园Chinese Ethnic Culture Park世界公园Beijing World Park桂林山水the L넯ꫠ嫲ે蛨ࡾ/menu.htm©版权所有沪江网ࡾ蛨ે嫲ꫠ넯andscape of Guilin杭州西湖the West Lake of Hangzhou苏州园林the Gardens of Suzhou安徽黄山Mount Huang of Anhui长江三峡the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River台湾日月潭the Sun and Moon Lake of Taiwan河北承德避暑山庄the Summer Mountain Resort in Chengde, Hebei陕西秦始皇陵兵马俑Terra Cotta Warriors半坡遗址Ban Po Villige Remains。
古建筑名词_中英对照
信人: tjr99 (颐养), 信区: DESIGNPHD标题: 中国古代建筑及构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS (Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007), 站内（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building*阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway华表huabiao，ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
中国建筑类英文词汇
中国建筑类英文词汇屋顶形式:types of roofs庑殿顶：hip roof歇山顶：saddle roof硬山顶：gabbled roof悬山顶：suspension roof攒尖顶：pointed roof圆攒尖顶：conical roof四角攒尖顶：pyramid roof卷棚顶：paraboloid roof塔：pagodas木塔：wood pagoda铁塔：iron pagoda石塔：stone pagoda砖塔：brick pagoda琉璃塔：glazed stupa舍利塔：sarira stupa (a pagoda for budhist relics), dagoba 喇嘛塔：lamaist pagoda城墙：city wall城门洞儿：gateway楼：storied buildings城楼：gate tower钟楼：bell tower鼓楼：drum tower角楼：watchtower /turret戏楼：theatrical stage阁：tower亭子：pavilion飞檐/ 挑檐：upturned eaves/ flying eaves回廊：covered corridor彩画：colour painting烽火台：the beacon tower华表：ornamental column牌坊：memorial archway牌楼：decorated archway题字：inscriptions马头墙：corbiestep屋面装饰：roof decorations正吻：volute鸱吻Chiwen垂脊兽sloping ridge animals骑凤仙人god riding a phoenix仙人走兽：glazed ceramic mythological immortals and animals 筒瓦：cylindrical tile板瓦：flat tile瓦钉：tile pin瓦当：eaves tile琉璃瓦，釉面砖：glazed tiling滴水：dripping eaves斗拱：corbel arch / dougong / bracket 台基terrace雀替：Carved angle brace挂落：cartouche藻井：coffered ceiling须弥座：base of budhist-style building 栏杆：balustrade/ parapet石阶：stone steps抱鼓石：carred drum-like stone华表: Ornamental pillar石狮: Stone lion日晷: Sun dial嘉量:Balance system吉祥缸: Water vat鼎式香炉: Tripod caldron incense burner 铜龟: Bronze tortoise铜鹤: Bronze crane。
古建筑英文【范本模板】
中国古典园林—---—-classical Chinese garden中国传统园林———-———traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林—-——--—ancient Chinese garden中国山水园———--———--Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑-—---—--—imperial palace garden皇家园林-———-————-royal garden私家园林———--—————-private garden江南园林-——-——----————garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林—-—--—-—--——---western classical garden英国式园林——--—---—--—--——-——- English style garden中英混合式园林--—-—-——-———-—Anglo—Chinese style garden意大利式园林----——-——--------- Italian style garden西班牙式园林--—-——--——-———-—Spainish style garden法兰西式园林——--—-—--———--—-——French style garden勒诺特尔式园林—---—-—-———————Le Notre\’s style garden文艺复兴庄园-—--——--—--———————-—Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林——-——--——--—--—---—-——-Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林--———--——————————-——-Baroque style garden庄园—-------—-——-------—-—-—--manor，villa garden廊柱园—--—--—-—-—-—--—--—--—-peristyle garden,patio绿廊-—---—--—-—--—--—-—------—-—xystus迷阵-———————————-—-——-—-———--—---maze,labyrinth灵囿-—-—————---—-—-———————--——Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼——--—--—-—---——Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台——--—-----—-———Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫—-——-----—-—-E—Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑-----————-——--—Shang—Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫-———-----—-———-Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫—--—————--—--———Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫———-—-———-—-——-—Hua—Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳—--——--—----——--—--Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园-—-———-——-——--—-Yuan—Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园--——-——-——————--—--Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄—-—-—-—-----—-—Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林—-————--—---—-—--—-——-Suzhou traditional garden悬园--—--——————Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”.英国皇家植物园-—----———-—Royal Botanical Garden，Kew garden 又称“邱园"。
古建筑名词 中英对照
古建筑名词中英对照信人: tjr99 (颐养), 信区: DESIGNPHD 标题: 中国古代建筑及构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS (Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007), 站内(全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布) 中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building* 阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway华表huabiao，ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
中国著名建筑英文翻译
中国著名建筑的英文翻译中国拥有悠久的历史和文化遗产，其中包括许多著名的建筑。
这些建筑在世界范围内享有盛誉，吸引了无数游客和学者前来探索和欣赏。
为了向全世界传播中国的建筑文化，我们需要对这些著名建筑进行准确的英文翻译。
以下是一些中国著名建筑的英文翻译介绍。
故宫故宫是位于中国北京市中心的一座庞大古建筑群，始建于明代，后成为清代中国皇室的主要居所。
故宫作为中国古代宫廷建筑和古代祭祀体系的杰出代表，以其独特的建筑风格和丰富的历史价值而闻名于世。
英文翻译：The Palace Museum长城长城是中国古代修建的一系列军事防御工事，起源于春秋时期，最著名的部分位于河北省。
长城是中国历史上最重要的建筑工程之一，也是世界文化遗产的代表之一。
长城被誉为人类历史上最伟大的工程之一，从古代起就是中国国家的象征。
英文翻译：The Great Wall兵马俑兵马俑是位于中国陕西省西安市的秦始皇陵附近的一座巨大的陪葬坑，被誉为世界八大奇迹之一。
这些陶制的兵马俑是中国古代帝王陵墓中的守卫者和护卫者，规模宏大、栩栩如生的兵马俑形象震撼人心，对于了解中国古代军事、文化和艺术都具有重要意义。
英文翻译：The Terracotta Army天坛天坛是位于中国北京市的一座古代祭祀建筑群，始建于明代。
天坛是古代中国皇帝举行祭天仪式的地方，被誉为中国古代祭祀建筑的杰出代表，同时也是世界文化遗产之一。
天坛的设计和建筑风格凝聚了中国古代哲学和天文学的智慧。
英文翻译：The Temple of Heaven颐和园颐和园是位于中国北京市郊区的一座庭院建筑群，始建于清代。
颐和园是中国古代皇家园林的杰作，被誉为中国园林艺术的典范，也是世界文化遗产之一。
颐和园集娱乐、游览、宴会等多功能于一体，以其宏伟的建筑和精美的园林景观而闻名于世。
英文翻译：The Summer Palace以上是对中国一些著名建筑的英文翻译介绍。
这些建筑是中国古代文化的重要组成部分，它们通过其独特的建筑风格和丰富的历史背景，极大地吸引了国内外游客的关注。
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中国古建筑名词中英对照居民点都城capital city宫城imperial city外城outer city皇城imperial palace里neighbourhood街street巷lane胡同hutong,alley关厢outskirt城濠city moat,city trench城堡castle城邦polis城市city镇township,town市区city proper郊区suburb工业城市industrial city矿业城市mining city港口城市port city商业城市commercial city大学城campus city科学城science city风景旅游城市sceic-tourist city 休养城市resort city小城市small city中等城市medium-sized city大城市large city城市历史保护urban conservation 历史建筑historical building历史地段historical site城市改建urban redevelopment城市更新urban renewal中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall 又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post 宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column 宋代术语侧脚cejiao 宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁beam袱beam 宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin 宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin 大式脊檩ridged purlin 小式脊抟ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin 大式金檩intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin 大式檐檩eave purlin 小式下平抟eave purlin 宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave 宋代术语由额垫板cushion board 大式檐垫板cushion board 小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter 宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging 宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin 宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block 宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm 宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block 宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm 宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm 宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm 宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner 宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语cai跳tiao 宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board 宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall 拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps 宋代术语踏垛step踏step 宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail 宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。