2020高考英语语法填空:解题技巧.docx
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语法填空解题技巧
卷名体裁考点
名词/
数词
代词冠词
介词、动
词短语
形容词
、副词
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
并列连
词、复合
句及其他2019
课标
全国Ⅰ
说明文 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2018 说明文 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2017 说明文 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2016 记叙文 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2015 记叙文 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 2014 议论文 1 0 1 4 1 1 2 合计7 3 4 5 13 9 12 7 2018
课标
全国Ⅱ
说明文 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2017 说明文 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 2016 说明文 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 2015 说明文 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 2014 记叙文0 1 64 2 2 3 1 合计 6 2 4 5 10 8 10 5
2018
课标
全国Ⅲ
记叙文 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2017 记叙文 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 2016 说明文 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 合计 4 1 2 3 3 5 7 5
①语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空,考查根据上下文选择合适单词形
式的能力。
②语法填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种(数量比一般为7:3)。
给出提示
词主要是实词形式的转换,不给提示词主要是根据上下文填入合适虚词。
③语法填空挖空一般比较均匀,所挖的空不会影响学生对短文的整体理解。
④对形容词、副词,非谓语动词及并列句、复合句的考查已成为语篇型填空的热点。
⑤在未来高考语篇型填空中,对动词(谓语动词、非谓语动词)、形容词、副词、名词的考
查仍会是考试热点;对于介词、动词短语、复合句的考查仍会是考试的难点。
教师说明:通过纵横填字谜的游戏告诉学生:语法填空和字谜类似,都是根据提供的线索来补充完整空格。
一、如何备考语法填空
常见搭配
+基本句型和句子成分
有提示词 无提示词
多阅读培养语篇理解能力
二、阅读理解的解题方法
习惯
无提示词
无提示词,只能在空白处填入1个单词,填入单词的词性为冠词、介词、连词、不定代词、助动词、情态动词(口诀:冠介连代助)。
每个词性最多考一次,具体内容如下:
一、冠词、形容词性物主代词或限定词
弄清句子结构,设空处后为名词或名词短语,设空处为名词的定语,又无提示词,可确定设空处应填冠词(a、an、the)、形容词性物主代词(如:my、your 等)或限定词(如:other,another,either,both等)。
即学即练
①One way that Americans do this is with firm hand shake.
②Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.
③I earn 10 dollars hours as supermarket cashier on Saturday.
④I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.
⑤To say is one thing, but to do is thing.
二、介词
❖注意搭配问题,见“高频动词&介词短语集锦”
❖设空后是名词、动名词或what从句
即学即练
①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ the average.
②She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.
③Many of the things we mow benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.
④The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.
⑤Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
⑥It will be finished an hour.
⑦He returned a few days.
三、连词
考察并列连词(and, but, or,so,for,because,when,while等)和从属连词(复合句)
[解题技巧]
❖连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and, or, but等。
❖若一个句子中有两个句子(即有两个主谓结构),且没有连词,那空格处必定是填连词。
❖根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。
然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词。
即学即练
①Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
②It was time for her to have a new baby, it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
③Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
④When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables, and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.
⑤One day, the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.
四、代词
[解题技巧]
❖当句子缺主语或宾语时,多半考查的是代词。
代词的考点有指示代词和不定代词等。
❖有的不定代词,如another, the other,many,much, either, neither,both,any,all, each 等还可以在名词前作定语。
若名词前缺少定语时,根据意义和用法,以及主谓一致等,填入一个恰当代词。
❖替代词it,that, those,one
❖it 的用法
(1)替代前面提到的同一事物
(2)替代前面整句话的内容。
(3)指动物、婴儿,或在情景中确认的某人
(4)指时间、距离、气候、环境等
(5)作形式主语或形式宾语
(6)用于 it is..that..强调结构中
①
While some complaints might be reasonable,
are taken from thin air.
② Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a mew life for herself.
③ In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK. ④ She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked and moved to Cambridge. ⑤ A smile costs , but gives much.
五、情态动词和助动词
[解题技巧]
❖ 如果空格后面是动词原形,则考查的是情态动词或助动词do 表强调。
❖ 如果句首有否定词,则可能考查的是倒装助动词。
① “Hello,”she said, hesitantly.“This sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much like her.”
② Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. ③ It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food. ④ He come but soon went back.
有提示词
有提示词的需要选择给出单词的适当形式填空,填入单词数在 1~3 个词,给提示词的单词为实词:动词、形容词或副词、名词和人称代词。
一、给出动词原形
必考点,通常不止考一处。
[解题技巧]
❖ 词性转换:根据句子成分需要,把动词变成名词、形容词,做题方法见“四”; ❖ 动词本身:一看是与非,二看主与被,三看定形式,四看主一致
即学即练
即学即练
一看是与非:分析句子结构,确定是谓语还是非谓语。
如缺谓语动词,则考查动词的时态和语态。
二看主与被:看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态。
三看定时态:根据语境或时间状语判断用哪种时态,如语境和时间不明显,则与上下句时态一致。
四看主一致:注意主谓一致。
① Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve). ② It could be anything
—gardening, cooking, music, sports —but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
③ In recent years, stress (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
④ Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (exhaust ) shoulder.
⑤ I had difficulty (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.
⑥ A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
⑦ I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued.
⑧ While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be)more
即学即练
effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
二、给出形容词或副词
℃℃℃℃℃℃是高频考点,当给出形容词或副词时,往往要求写出形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式;有时考查形容词与副词之间的转换。
[解题技巧]
❖℃℃℃℃℃
根据句子结构定词性℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃副还修句形
形修名副修动:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词
副还修句形:副词还可以修饰句子、形容词和副词。
❖三级:有表示范围的in of/among介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级
℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃ ℃℃℃℃℃℃ more, most careful more
careful
most
careful 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃good/well better best many/ much more most bad/badly worse worst
old older℃℃℃℃℃℃℃
elder℃℃℃℃℃℃oldest℃℃℃℃℃℃℃eldest℃℃℃℃℃℃
little less least
far farther℃℃℃℃℃
further℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃farthest℃℃℃℃℃furthest℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃
口诀:两好两坏和两多,一老一少和距离。
①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of (great) and less importance.
②Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
③One of my (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.
④The girl used to be shy, but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
⑤In addition to their simple beauty, what makes them admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
⑥According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of (globe)fertilizer consumption.
三、给出名词和代词
[解题技巧]
❖根据题干的语法结构,特别是空前的限定词判断词性。
冠词、代词、数词、形容词等后应用名词。
❖名词单复数、所有格
❖人称代词五格变化
即学即练
即学即练
①This (move) to cities is called urbanization.
②He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.
③Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
④On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.
⑤Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
⑥ A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s (I).”
⑦Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work.
四、词性或词形转化
词性转化多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与名词间的相互转化,形容词与动词间的相互转化,动词与名词间的相互转化等。
常考的词性转化见“高频词义转换集锦”。
[解题技巧]
第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。
比如,修饰动词、形容词或副词或修饰整个句子作状语,用副词;作主语或宾语,用名词;在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。
第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
注意:有时不但要注意词性转化,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺;而且要特别注意所填词的正确的拼写形式。
【例1】Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
解析:在形容词性物主代词her后,用名词或动名词形式,而空后有of 短语作定语,所以填名词choice。
【例2】Despite Crabtree’s professional and family success, those around her had noted her
(satisfy) with not finishing school.
解析:由空前的her和空后的with可分析出,此处应该用satisfy的名词形式satisfaction,而空后的not finishing school则进一步暗示,Crabtree对此并不满意,故用否定含义的名词dissatisfaction。
解题四步走
(一)浏览全文把握语篇
浏览全文的目的是把握其大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备,因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
在通读全文的过程中,为较好地把握其大意,很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。
这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意,也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
考生只有从文本的意义、结构、文化等不同层面感悟语法规律,实践和应用语言知识。
(二)边读边填先易后难
在通读全文,基本了解文章大意之后,就可以动手填空了。
填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。
遇到一时想不起来的空,先跳过去,等检查时再仔细对付,不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
(三)验证复查清除难点
有时间的话,进行复查是必要的。
复查的方法是:将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读,以最后确定答案。
无℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃
℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃
℃℃℃
℃℃:
℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃
℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃
℃℃℃℃。